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Sample and Hold Filter

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9 views2 pages

Sample and Hold Filter

Uploaded by

harshuvalvi0101
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Sample and Hold Circuit (S/H Circuit):


o A sample and hold circuit (also known as S/H circuit) is an essential component
in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Its purpose is to sample an input analog
signal and hold that sample for a specific duration.
o The circuit ensures that the input voltage remains constant during the conversion
process, allowing accurate digitization.
o Here’s a simplified explanation of how it works:
 The S/H circuit samples the input analog signal for a short interval
(typically 10µs to 1µs).
 After sampling, it holds the sampled value until the next input signal is
ready to be sampled.
 The duration of holding the sample can range from milliseconds to
seconds.
o The basic components of an S/H circuit are:
 Analog Switch: Usually implemented using a JFET (junction field-effect
transistor). The JFET acts as a switch, allowing or blocking the input
signal.
 Holding Capacitor: Stores the sampled voltage during the conversion
process.
2. Why Do We Need Sample and Hold Circuits?:
o For accurate ADC results, the input analog voltage must remain constant during
conversion.
o If the input voltage changes significantly (more than ±1/2 LSB), it can introduce
errors in the digital output.
o The S/H circuit ensures that the input voltage is held constant during the
conversion, preventing errors.
3. Types of Sample and Hold Circuits:
o Various types of S/H circuits exist, but they all use JFETs as switches. During the
sampling period, the JFET is turned ON, and the holding capacitor charges to the
input voltage level.
o Here are a few types:
 Shunt Switch: The JFET is connected in parallel with the input signal.
 Series Switch: The JFET is connected in series with the input signal.

METHODS
1. Sample and Hold (S&H):
o Purpose: In analog systems, S&H circuits are essential for capturing and holding
an analog signal’s value at a specific instant.
o Operation:
 The S&H circuit samples the input signal at regular intervals (controlled
by a clock).
 It holds the sampled value until the next sample is taken.
 This process allows analog signals to be converted into digital format.
o Applications:
Commonly used in analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and
communication systems.
 Useful for preserving the instantaneous value of an analog signal.
o Implementation:
 The simplest form of S&H holds the sample until the next one is taken,
resulting in maximum sample width.
 The sample width determines how long the value is held before the next
sample.
 S&H can be implemented using electronic components like operational
amplifiers (op-amps) and switches 1.
2. Flat Top Sampling:
o A specific type of S&H operation.
o Method:
 Takes a slice of the analog waveform.
 Cuts off the top of the slice horizontally.
 The top of the slice does not preserve the shape of the waveform

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