Englishtests

English workbook
•1800 tests by different topics
•Use of English (35 texts)
•Reading (25 texts)
ЗНО 2021
Зміст
В цьому робочому зошиті містяться практичні матеріали 3 видів:більше ніж 1800
тестів,поділених на різні теми(Phrasal verbs,Tenses,Parts of speech etc);частина Use of
English і 25 текстів з Reading різних рівнів(Beginner,Intermediate,Advanced).
4-216 сторінки-1800 tests
217-248 сторінки-Use of English
248-285 сторінки-Reading
2
1800 English tests with answers
B1 level tests(Beginner tests)
Verb «to be»
Use of «another, other, others, the other, the others»
Prepositions
Verbs form
Phrasal verbs part 1
Passive Voice part 1
Gerunds and Infinitives
Adjectives and Adverbs
Modal Verbs
Determiners
Adverbial clauses
Indefinite pronouns
Relative clauses
Noun clauses
Adverbs of frequency
Conditionals
Advanced vocabulary
Mixed tenses
Reported speech
Adverbial clauses
Vocabulary tests
Modal Verbs 2
If clauses and Wish clauses
3
B1 level tests(Beginner tests)
1.I ______ bus on Mondays.
a. 'm going to work with b. 'm going to work by
c. go to work with d. go to work by
2.Sorry, but this chair is ______.
a. me b. mine c. my d. our
3.A: 'How old ______?' B: 'I ______ .'
a. are you / am 20 years old. b. have you / have 20 years old
c. are you / am 20 years. d. do you have / have 20 years.
4.I ______ to the cinema.
a. usually don't go b. don't usually go c. don't go usually d. do not go usually
5.Where ______ ?
a. your sister works b. your sister work
c. does your sister work d. do your sister work
6.The test is ______ February.
a. in b. at c. on d. over
7.I eat pasta ______ week.
a. twice in a b. twice a c. one time a d. once in a
8.I don't have ______ free time.
a. many b. any c. a lot d. some
9.A: '_____ to the cinema tomorrow?'
a. We will go b. Do we go c. We go d.Does we go
4
10.We went to the market ______ some vegetables.
a. to buy b. for buy c. for to buy d. for buying
11.Sorry, but when you called I ______ a shower.
a. had b. did have c. was having d. were having
12.______ are very friendly and very intelligent.
a. Dolphins b. The dolphins c. A dolphin d. The dolphin
13.Somebody stole ______ yesterday.
a. the car of my mother b. my car mother c. my mother's car d. my mother car
14.______ with me?
a. Do you like to dance b. Would you like to dance
c. Do you like dance d. Would you like dancing
15.She is ______ her sister, I think.
a. more happier than b. more happy that c. happier that d. happier than
16.I couldn't eat ______ before the exam.
a. nothing b. anything c. everything d. something
17.Please, pass me the remote. ______ TV.
a. I'm watching b. I will watch c. I'm going to watch d. I might watch
18.I'll call you when I ______ home.
a. arrive b. 'm going to arrive c. will arrive d. arrived
19.______ Japan?
a. Have you ever gone in b. Do you have been in
c. Have you ever been to d. Have you ever been into
5
20.He drives very ______.
a. slow b. slower c. more slowly d. slowly
21.Can you ______ the lights? I can't see.
a. open b. turn on c. start d. put on
22.We couldn't find a taxi, ______ we walked home.
a. so b. because c. but d. although
23.Tomorrow I ______ get up early; it's my day off.
a. mustn't b. must c. haven't to d. don't have to
24.I ______ this coffee. It tastes horrible.
a. am not like b. don't like c. 'm not liking d. not like
25.We ______ yesterday.
a. arrived b. did arrive c. have arrive d. have arrived
26.When I arrive home, I'm going to have a ______ bath.
a. relaxing b. relaxed c. relax d. relaxation
27.A: 'We don't have any milk.' B: 'Really? I ______ more.'
a. 'm going to buy b. 'll buy c. 'm buying d. buy
28.We ______ to seeing you next Thursday.
a. really want b. hope c. are looking forward d. really wish
29.I'd like to go ______ in the park?
a. to walking b. for walk c. for a walk d. to walk
6
30.German ______ in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
a. is spoken b. spoken c. speaks d. is speak
31.I ______ your book. It's fantastic. I'll finish it tonight.
a. 've been reading b. read c. 've read d. 'm read
32.The 5-day ______ to Venice was very romantic.
a. travel b. journey c. commute d. trip
33.If I tell you a secret, ______ anyone?
a. are you tell b. do you tell c. will you tell d. are you telling
34.My brother and I don't ______ very well.
a. get off b. get on c. go on d. break off
35.I ______ fifty pages, but I have to read fifty more.
a. 've been reading b. was reading c. 've reading d. 've read
36.If I ______ you, I wouldn't do it.
a. was b. were c. would be d. am
37.This painting ______ a fortune.
a. is worth b. is value c. values d. worths

3
38.She is the same age ______ me.
a. than b. that c. what d. as
39.Can you drive ______, please?
a. slowlier b. more slowly c. slower d. more slower

40
7
40.The boat sank, but they ______ swim to the shore.
a. could b. were able to c. can d. abled to
41.If I had known that she was there, I ______ hello.
a. would say b. said c. had said d. would have said

42
42.I think he ______ in prison for what he did.
a. should put b. could been put c. should be put d. could put
43.He ______ him with his homework.
a. told me to help b. said me that I help c. said me I help d. told me that I help
44.We ______. We hired a very good interior designer.
a. redecorated the kitchen b. had redecorated the kitchen

c. got redecorated the kitchen d. had the kitchen redecorated
45.A: 'I had a sauna yesterday' B: '___ ? That's great.'
a. Did you b. You did c. Had you d. Didn't you
46.I wonder ______ at the party.
a. who was she talking b. who she was talking to

c. who was she talking to d. who she was talking
47.Which is correct?
a. How older people are, wiser they become b. If older people are, wiser they become
c. The more old the people, the more wise d. The older people are, the wiser they become
48.I bought a ______ jacket.
a. nice red leather b. leather nice red c. red nice leather d. red leather nice
49.By 2025 we ______ the cure for type 1 diabetes.
a. will be discovering b. are discovering

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c. are going to be discovering d. will have discovered
50.The building ______.
a. was damaged badly in the hurricane last year b. was badly damaged last year in the hurricane
c. was badly damaged in the hurricane last year d. last year was damaged badly in the hurricane
51.If only he ______ doing that. It's so annoying!
a. had stopped b. would stop c. would have stopped d. stopped
52.If my parents hadn't met, I ______ here now.
a. wouldn't be b. wouldn't have been c. hadn't been d. weren't
53.I like the job, but I think it'll be difficult to ______ nights.
a. be used to working b. uses to work c. get used to working d. get used to work
54.You ______ me immediately. Now it's too late.
a. had told b. would have told c. should tell d. should have told
55.Not only ______ you, but he also lied to you.
a. did he disrespect b. he disrespected c. he did disrespect d. he has disrespected
56.______ should be angry, not you.
a. It's me who b. It's I c. Who d. There's me who
57.I ______ you, but I forgot.
a. would tell b. was telling c. will tell d. was going to tell
58.It's ______ to Paris.
a. a two hours journey b. two hours' journey

c. a two hour's journey d. a two-hours journey
59.They _____ to arrive next Friday.
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a. are set b. are on the verge c. are due d. are on the brink
60.I didn't want to do it in the past, but now I ______.
a. would want b. 'm wanting to c. want d. want to
Answers 1-60
1-d,2-b,3-a,4-b,5-c,6-a,7-b,8-b,9-d,10-a,11-c,12-a,13-c,14-b,15-d,16-b,17-c,18-a,19-c,20-d,21-b,22-a,23-d,24-
b,25-a,26-a,27-b,28-c,29-c,30-a,31-a,32-d,33-c,34-b,35-d,36-b,37-a,38-d,39-b,40-b,41-d,42-c,43-a,44-d,45-a,46-
b,47-d-48-a,49-d,50-c,51-b,52-a,53-c,54-d,55-a,56-a,57-d,58-b,59-c,60-d
10
Verb «to be»
61.I ___ a girl.
a.am b.is c.are
62. My father ___ at work.
a.am b.is c.are
63. The hamster ___ in the cage.
a.am b.is c.are
64. I ___ a painter.
a.am b.is c.are
65. It ___ Sunday today.
a.am b.is c.are
66. They ___ in the car.
a.am b.is c.are
67. Paul and John ___ from London.
a.am b.is c.are
68. Hamburg ___ a city in Germany.
a.am b.is c.are
69. They ___ in the same class.
a.am b.is c.are
70. It ___ 8 o'clock.
a.am b.is c.are
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71.Betty .... at home.
a.am b.is c.are
72.Mark and Ann .... students.
a.is b.are c.am
73.I .... 20 years old.
a.am b.are c.is
74.It .... a notebook.
a.am b.is c.are
75.We .... interested in music.
a.is b.are c.am
76.The weather …. wonderful today.
a.am b.is c.are
77.The books .... on the desk.
a.is b.am c.are
78.Where .... you from?
a.am b.is c.are
79.What .... your phone number?
a.are b.am c.is
80.Nick .... busy now.
a.is b.am c.are
12
81.They .... at college.
a.’s b.’re c.’m
82.Ann .... a teacher.
a.aren’t b.’m c.isn’t
83.I .... from Paris.
a.’s b.’re c.’m not
84.Where .... the keys?
a.’s b.are c.is
85.John and Mary .... doctors.
a.is b.isn’t c.aren’t
86.My brother and I .... not students.
a.am b.is c.are
87.The Statue of Liberty .... in New York.
a.am not b.am c.is
88.She .... beautiful and clever.
a.am b.’s c.’re
89.What colour .... the apples?
a.am b.is c.are
90.Where .... my bag?
a.am b.is c.are
13
Make the question form of sentences
91.The story is boring.
a.The story is boring? b.Is the story boring? c.Is boring the story?
92.The books are on the desk.
a.Where the books are? b.Where the books? c.Where are the books?
93.His phone number is 555 555.
a.What is his phone number? b.What his phone number is? c.What his phone number?
94.It is his pen.
a.Whose pen is? b.Whose is it pen? c.Whose pen is it?
95.He is tired.
a.Why is he tired? b.Why he is tired? c.Why tired is he?
96.They are fine.
a.How they? b.How they are? c.How are they?
97.It is a book.
a.What it is? b.What is it? c.What is?
98.Ann is at home now.
a.Where Ann is now? b.Where Ann now? c.Where is Ann now?
99.I’m happy.
a.Am I happy? b.Am I'm happy? c.I'm happy?
100.The children are in the gym.
a.Where the children are? b.Where is the children? c.Where are the children?
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Answers 61-100
61-a,62-b,63-b,64-a,65-b,66-c,67-c,68-b,69-c,70-b,71-b,72-b,73-a,74-b,75-b,76-b,77-c,78-c,79-c,80-a,81-b,82-
c,83-c,84-b,85-c,86-c,87-c,88-b,89-c,90-b,91-b,92-c,93-a,94-c,95-a,96-c,97-b,98-c,99-a,100-c
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Use of «another, other, others, the other, the others»
101.One boy fell off his chair and .... laughed.
a.others b.other c.the others d.the other e.another
102.Buy two CDs and get .... one completely free.
a.other b.another c.the other d.others e.the others
103.Only two students failed the exam. All .... passed.
a.the others b.others c.other d.another e.the other
104.She was waiting on .... side of the street.
a.another b.the other c.other d.the others
e.others
105.I need .... pair of shoes, these are falling apart.
a.the others b.others c.other d.the other e.another
106.We'll have to wait .... three weeks for the results.
a.other b.another c.the other d.the others e.others
107.There's .... news programme at 11 o'clock.
a.other b.the others c.others d.another e.the other
108.This was the only apartment that we could afford; all .... were too expensive.
109.Some people like sci-fi movies, while .... prefer comedies.
a.others b.other c.another d.the other e.the others
110.I'm really busy. Can we talk .... time?
a.the other b.other c.another d.others e.the others
16
111.This chair is broken. Can I have…. please?
112.I need …. 10 minutes to finish the test.
113.Do you have any …. ideas?
114.Don't be so selfish! You should think about …. people's feelings.
115.Please give me …. chance.
116.The church is on …. bank of the river.
117.I met him at the club …. night.
118.This is not the only answer to the question. There are ….
119.His dogs are too friendly. I pushed one down and then …. one jumped up.
120.I've still got a headache. I need …. aspirin.
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121.I want to see some …. toys.
122.No one has ever seen …. side of the moon.
123.Can you give me …. example?
124.I have …. thing to tell you.
125.I was looking around for my …. shoe.
126.You must try to do it …. way.
127.He doesn't care what … people think.
128.The voice at … end of the phone sounded sleepy.
129.Let's do it some …. time.
130.I like this one. ~ What about …. ones?
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131.Kelly lost her pen and her mother promised to buy her …. one.
a.the other b.others c.the others d.another
132.Some people go to bed early, …. go to bed late.
a.another b.the others c.others d.the other
133.There is only one slipper under the bed. Where is …. ?
a.the others b.another c.others d.the other
134.This is not a very good camera. Will you show me …. one?
a.the other b.the others c.others d.another
135.Will you have …. cup of tea?
a.the other b.others c.another d.the others
136.The twins are so much alike that I find it difficult to tell one from ….
a.others b.another c.the other d.the others
137.This curtain material is cheap; on …. hand the quality is poor.
a.others b.the other c.another d.the others
138.Gary lost his book and borrowed one from …. boy.
a.the others b.the other c.others d.another
139.Mandy is here. Where are …. ?
a.the others b.others c.the other d.another
140.Fanny lives on …. side of the street.
a.the others b.the other c.others d.another
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141. ….may laugh at Angela, but I like her.
a.Another b.Others c.The others d.The other
142.This stuff is cheap, but on …. hand the quality is poor.
a.others b.the others c.the other d.another
143.There are twenty photos in the album; six of them are mine and .... are Pat's.
a.the other b.another c.others d.the others
144."Waiter, this chicken has one leg shorter than …. ." - "So what? You are not going to dance with it, are
you?"
a.the others b.others c.the other d.another
145.Where are …. textbooks I have given you?
a.the other b.another c.others d.the others
Answers 101-145
101-c,102-b,103-a,104-b,105-e,106-b,107-d,108-a,109-a,110-c,111-d,112-d,113-c,114-c,115-d,116-e,117-e,118-
b,119-e,120-d,121-c,122-e,123-d,124-d,125-c,126-d,127-c,128-e,129-c,130-e,131-d,132-c,133-d,134-d,135-c,136-
c,137-b,138-d,139-a,140-b,141-b,142-c,143-d,144-c,145-a
20
Prepositions
146.What day were you born ___?
a.at b.in c.on
147. At eight o'clock in the morning, I am hard ___ work.
a.at b.in c.on
148.___ breakfast-time we do not eat salad.
a.at b.in c.on
149. Her grandmother will arrive there ___ half-past seven in the morning.
a.at b.in c.on
150. We will stop ___ the mall on the way to my house.
a.at b.in c.on
151. I am in bed by eleven o'clock ___ the evening.
a.at b.in c.on
152. I swim ___ the school pool.
a.at b.in c.on
153. I like to put make-up ___ when I dress up.
a.at b.in c.on
154. Your sister is arriving ___ Texas at seven o'clock the next morning.
a.at b.in c.on
155. Will you drop me ___ my house on your way home?
a.at b.in c.on
21
156. ___ what year were you born?
a.at b.in c.on
157. We will go out to dinner ___ Friday night.
a.at b.in c.on
158. We always put tomatoes ___ the salad.
a.at b.in c.on
159. By eleven o'clock ___ the evening, I am in bed.
a.at b.in c.on
160. I don't jump ___ the pool before testing the water temperature.
a.at b.in c.on
161. Talk it ___ with your wife and give me an answer tomorrow.
a.out b.up c.over d.in
162.She often gets ___ her husband's nerves.
a.on b.up c.over d.in
163. This flu may develop ___ a serious disease.
a.under b.into c.in d.up
164.John is sitting ___ his favorite armchair.
a.over b.in c.along d.down
165.How long were you ___ the plane?
a.on b.over c.in d.at
22
166.Will you please get ___ ? It's almost noon.
a.up b.of c.over d.to
167.He fell ___ the ladder and broke his arm.
a.off b.out c.of d.on
168.Who did you receive it ___?
a.from b.to c.by d.of
169.We spent the whole day there and didn't get ___ until dark.
a.off b.up c.back d.over
170.You must look ___ yourselves!
a.before b.up c.for d.after
171.When I saw her, she was ___ a beautiful white coat.
a.into b.on c.in d.at
172.He was not ___ home yesterday when I called him.
a.in b.at c.into d.to
173.I must put ___ my visit to the dentist.
a.off b.at c.in d.up
174.We have business classes ___ night.
a.in b.on c.by d.at
175.He smiled ___ me and then spoke with me.
a.for b.of c.at d.with
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176.We are looking ___ hearing from you soon.
a.into b.for c.forward to d.up to
177.I always get ___ with my classmates.
a.into b.through c.up d.along
178.If you don't know the meaning of this word, look it ___ in the dictionary.
a.for b.on c.up d.in
179.He shouted ___ me as I drove past his house.
a.at b.in c.on
180.She dropped her keys ___ the sidewalk.
a.at b.in c.on
181.He lives ___ the brown house next to the restaurant.
a.at b.in c.on
182.When I looked up, she was smiling ___ me.
a.at b.in c.on
183.Jerry has a cut ___ his left knee.
a.at b.in c.on
184.That book must be ___ good condition when you return it.
a.at
b.in
c.on
185.He arrived ___ the park two hours before the game.
a.at b.in c.on
24
186.Your keys were ___ the seat of the car all the time.
a.at b.in c.on
187.It gets very cold ___ winter.
a.at b.in c.on
188.Betty doesn't have a job ___ the moment.
a.at b.in c.on
189.The telephone and the doorbell rang ___ the same time.
a.at b.in c.on
190.He flew from Japan. He's probably ___ Perth now.
a.at b.in c.on
191.Would you like to go out to dinner ___ Friday night?
a.at b.in c.on
192.She was tired. She's ___ bed now.
a.at b.in c.on
193.Goodbye! I'll see you ___ the morning.
a.at b.in c.on
194.Were you ___ Tom's party last night?
a.at b.in c.on
195.I'll see you ___ two weeks time.
a.at b.in c.on
25
196.She was born ___ 1961.
a.at b.in c.on
197.The doctor will see you ___ 10:00.
a.at b.in c.on
198.___ the age of ten I wanted to be a firefighter.
a.at b.in c.on
199.My wife gave me a wonderful present ___ my birthday.
a.at b.in c.on
200.The coffee is ___ the shelf.
a.at b.in c.on
201.My pen is ___ my pencil case.
a.at b.in c.on
202.He's gone to work. He's probably ___ work now.
a.at b.in c.on
203.He lives ___ Australia.
a.at b.in c.on
204.___ my opinion you should buy the blue shirt.
a.at b.in c.on
205.___ second thought, the green shirt is nicer.
a.at b.in c.on
26
206.I'll see you ___ Monday.
a.at b.in c.on
207.I'll be taking my holiday ___ Christmas this year.
a.at b.in c.on
208.Buy some bread and milk ___ your way home.
a.at b.in c.on
209.What will you be doing ___ New Year's Eve?
a.at b.in c.on
210.___ the end of a course, students usually have a party.
a.at b.in c.on
211.The flowers ___ your garden are very beautiful.
a.at b.in c.on
212.There were many cars ___ the road today.
a.at b.in c.on
213.Tom and Betty always go out to dinner ___ their wedding aniversary.
a.at b.in c.on
214.We got up ___ dawn today.
a.at b.in c.on
215.Are you doing anything ___ the weekend?
a.at b.in c.on
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216.We live ___ this address.
a.at b.in c.on
Answers 146-216
146-c,147-a,148-a,149-a,150-a,151-b,152-b,153-c,154-b,155-a,156-b,157-c,158-b,159-b,160-b,161-c,162-a,163-
b,164-b,165-a,166-a,167-a,168-a,169-c,170-d,171-c,172-b,173-a,174-d,175-c,176-c,177-d,178-c,179-a,180-c,181-
b,182-a,183-c,184-b,185-a,186-c,187-b,188-a,189-a,190-b,191-c,192-b,193-b,194-a,195-b,196-b,197-a,198-
a,199-c,200-c,201-b,202-a,203-b,204-b,205-c,206-c,207-a,208-c,209-c,210-b,211-b,212-c,213-c,214-a,215-c,216-
a
28
Verbs form
217.The manager was ___ the number of guests
a.counts b.counting c.counted
218.She has ___ a hamburger for dinner.
a.ordering b.orders c.ordered
219.I'm ___ my garden.
a.water b.waters c.watering
220.We ___ for our trip to Europe.
a.packs b.packed c.packing
221.They ___ in a play every year.
a.acts b.acting c.act
222.She ___ up early on her trip last week.
a.wake b.waking c.woke
223.My brother will ___ money from me.
a.borrow b.borrowed c.borrowing
224.Every Christmas my grandfather ___ me a present.
a.gift b.gifts c.gifted
225.He is ___ the window.
a.open b.opens c.opening
226.My father ___ up at 6:00 every morning.
a.get b.gets c.getting
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227.My uncle ___ in the center of town.
a.live b.living c.lives
228.The president is ___ a speech now.
a.give b.giving c.gives
229.He ___ the window a few days ago.
a.break b.broke c.breaks
230.What does Tim do after school?
He ___ baseball.
a.play b.playing c.plays
231.He was very busy so he ___ to the party.
a.does not go b.is not went c.did not go
232.He stood up and ___ the room.
a.left b.leave c.leaves
233.I ___ that movie two years ago.
a.saw b.have seen c.had saw
234.I know his sister, and Jane ___ her, too.
a.know b.knows c.knowing
235.My uncle ___ me a story last Saturday.
a.tell b.tells c.told
236.They ___ as fast as they could, but they missed the bus.
a.run b.running c.ran
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237.Both my sister and I ___ how to bake bread.
a.knowing b.know c.knew
238.It ___ in the jungle.
a.lives b.live c.living
239.He is ___ at the library.
a.studies b.study c.studying
240.I ___ a CD for you at the shopping center.
a. buy b. buys c. bought
241.I ___ return your 10 dollars next week.
a. am b. do c. will
242.He ___ the first page of his book.
a. came b. tore c. broke
243.I'm late, but I ___ on time tomorrow.
a. came b. come c. will come
244.Did you ___ your room?
a. clean b. will clean c. cleaned
245.I often ___ the floor.
a. put away b. sweep c. cut
246.Bob ___ his wallet in the classroom.
a. left b. leaves c. leave
31
247.I'd like to ___ a message.
a. call b. ask c. leave
248.I ___ dinner with my friend yesterday.
a. ate b. eats c. eat
249.By the end of the year, she ___ with a degree in business.
a. already graduates b. will have already graduated c. has already graduated
250.As soon as I ___ home, it started to rain heavily.
a. get b. got c. will have gotten
251.We ___ the chance to visit many museums in Paris last vacation.
a. had b. had had c. have had
252.I ___ on this project for days without success.
a. have been worked b. have been working c. had being worked
253.Don't worry. She ___ by herself.
a. is used to living b. is used to live c. used to living
254.Next month we ___ our 5th wedding anniversary.
a. will be celebrated b. will have been celebrating c. will be celebrating
255.If you ___ it, give it a go.
a. didn't try b. haven't tried c. hadn't tried
256.I wish I ___ a millionaire so I could travel all over the world.
a. was b. had been c. were
32
257.He ___ to class this morning because he was sick.
a. didn't come b. hadn't come c. hasn't come
258.He ___ it on purpose.
a. denied having done b. denied have done c. denied done
259.Children ___ to free education.
a. should entitle b. should be entitled c. should to be entitled
260.Whenever I ___ talk to my boss, I get butterflies in my stomach.
a. had to b. will have to c. have to
261.They ___ together for five years when they decided to get married.
a. had been b. have been c. were
262.While the reporter ___ the policeman, the robber escaped.
a. interviewing b. was interviewing c. had been interviewing
263.If he ___ with his girlfriend, he ___ now.
a. hadn't broken up / wouldn't be suffering b. hadn't broken up / wouldn't suffer
c. didn't break up / wouldn't be suffering
264.She's been ___ to music all day.
a.listens b.listen c.listening d.listened
265.When was the last time you ___ a new shirt?
a.bought b.buy c.buys d.buying
266.Do you still ___ tennis on Sunday?
a.plays b.played c.playing d.play
33
267.Paul ___ in a bank.
a.works b.work c.working
268.Stop ___ and listen to me.
a.talk b.talking c.talked d.talks
269.I don't know who ___ this wall.
a.painted b.painting c.piant
270.It never ___ here in winter.
a.snowing b.snows c.snow
271.He ___ jazz to pop music.
a.preferring b.prefers c.prefer
272.Those newspapers ___ in a big truck.
a.are delivering b.is deliver c.are delivered d.had delivered
273.America ___ by native people who viewed it as their homeland
a.was inhabited b.was habitat c.inhabited
274.When America was discovered, it was not an empty land, ___ the taking
a.freed for b.free for c.free of
275.The New World ___ by five European countries: Spain, Portugal, France, Holland and England
a.was explored and colonized b.explored and colonized c.has explored and colonized
276.The Declaration of Independence adopted on July 4th 1776 announced ___ a new nation
a.birth of b.the birthday of c.the birth of
34
277.The first permanent English settlement in America was a trading post ___ Jamestown in 1607
a.founded at the b.found at the c.founded at
278.The first group of Pilgrims ___ the New World established the colony of Plymouth in 1620
a.who emigrated from b.whose emigration to c.who emigrated to
279.Hurricane season ___ June 1 and ___ November 30.
a. stops/ moves b. begins/ends c. badly/worst d. circles/runs
280.A hurricane is a tropical storm with winds that ___ a constant speed of 74 miles per hour or more.
a. won't reach b. could reach c. have reached d. can't reach
281.The dangers of a storm ___ torrential rains, high winds and storm surges.
a. include b. includes c. including d. to include
282.The strongest hurricane recorded was the Florida Keys Storm of 1935. 500 people ___ during this
Category 5 storm.
a. has killed b. were killed c. not killed d. are killing
283.A Hurricane Watch ___ for a coastal area when there is a threat of hurricane conditions within 24-36
hours.
a. was issued b. is issuing c. is issued d. isn't issued
284.Category One storms ___ have some coastal road flooding and minor pier damage.
a. will b. don't c. shouldn't d. never
285.Category Four storms ___ massive evacuation of residential areas inland as far as 6 miles.
a. requires b. requiring c. require d. to require
286.Every four years, the Olympic cauldron ___ at the opening ceremony of the Olympic games.
a. has lit b. is lit c. is lighting
35
287.Greek festivals ___ the creation of the modern Olympic games.
a. had to inspire b. had inspired c. inspired
288.The first games of the modern era ___ in Athens in 1896.
a. was held b. were held c. held
289.The three best athletes or teams ___ medals.
a. are given b. give c. gave
290.The five rings ___ upon a white background represent each a continent: Africa, America, Asia, Australia
and Europe.
a. sit b. seat c. set
291.While the Olympic flame ___ as a symbol of the Olympic games, the Olympic mascots ___ as a symbol of
the games for children of all ages.
a. respects/stands b. respects/stand c. is respected/stands d. is respected/stand
292.The USA ___ the country that ___ the competitions in 1996.
a. was/hosted b. were/hosted c. is/hosts
293.The link between the ancient and modern Olympic games ___ by the torch relay.
a. is symbolized b. symbolize c. are symbolized
294.Supposing you ___ $3 million in your bank account. Would you give any to charity?
a. have had b. had c. have
295.My best friend is living abroad now. If only she ___ here with me now.
a. were b. was c. would be
296.I wish you ___ the Net so often. You should pay more attention to me!
a. would not surf b. didn't surf c. had not surfed
36
297.It is high time we ___ Peter his money back. He is really broke at the moment.
a. would give b. give c. gave
298.I ___ go to the mountains this summer. I have had enough of the seaside.
a. would rather b. had rarher c. would rather to
299.I'd rather you ___ smoke in bed!
a. don't b. shouldn't c. didn't
300.I would like ___ in another country.
a. to have been born b. to be born c. having been
301.Who does this shop assistant think he is? He behaves as if he ___ the grocery.
a. is owning b. owned c. has
302.You should't have left the door open. Suppose a burglar ___ the house.
a. had broken into b. broke into c. have broken into
303.I often …. fishing on Saturday.
a.go b.goes c.going. d.went
e.gone
304.Have you ever …. to a movie with your sister.
a.go b.goes c.going. d.went
e.gone
305.He is …. home soon.
a.go b.goes c.going. d.went c.gone
306.She will …. home soon, too.
a.go b.goes c.going d.went c.gone
37
307.Yesterday I …. swimming with my younger brother.
308.My mother usually shopping twice a week.
309.My mother …. to sleep an hour ago
310.If you …. tomorrow, I will, too.
311.My sister …. to school at eight.
312.The sun ___ in the west.
a. sets b. sits c. seats
313.The old man was ___ by the fire.
a. setting b. sitting c. seating
314.___ the vase on the table, please.
a. Set b. Sit c. Seat
315.Please be ___ , ladies and gentlemen.
a. set b. sat c. seated
316.The young girl ___ in the first row.
38
317.Don't ___ on the table. ___ at the table.
a. set b. sit c. seat
318.She ___ the clock for 5 p.m.
319.To avoid back pain you should ___ straight.
a. set b. sit c. seat
320.The auditorium ___ 500 people.
a. sets b. sits c. seats
321.They ___ among their friends.
Answers 217-311
217-b,218-c,219-c,220-b,221-c,222-c,223-a,224-b,225-c,226-b,227-c,228-b,229-b,230-c,231-c,232-a,233-a,234-
c,235-c,236-c,237-b,238-a,239-c,240-c,241-c,242-b,243-c,244-a,245-b,246-a,247-c,248-a,249-b,250-b,251-a,252-
b,253-a,254-c,255-b,256-c,257-a,258-a,259-b,260-c,261-a,262-b,263-a,264-c,265-a,266-d,267-a,268-b,269-a,270-
b,271-b,272-c,273-a,274-b,275-a,276-c,277-c,278-c,279-b,280-c,281-a,282-b,283-c,284-a,285-c,286-b,287-c,288-
b,289-a,290-c,291-d,292-a,293-a,294-b,295-a,296-a,297-c,298-a,299-c,300-a,301-b,302-a,303-a,304-e,305-c,306-
a,307-d,308-b,309-d,310-a,311-b ,312-a,313-b,314-a,315-c,316-b,317-b,318-a,319-b,320-c,321-b
39
322.I forgot to pay my bill, so the water company shut ___ my water
a.out b.up c.down d.off
323.The effects of the medicine wore ___ and the pain returned
324.Jim asked Jane ___ on a date
325.Please clean ___ this room. It's really dirty
326.We cut ___ the tree, then cut it up into firewood
327.He made ___ his mind not to go to the party
328.He carefully scraped ___ the old paint before repainting the chair
329.We have run ___ of gasoline. The tank is totally empty
330.After the rain stopped, the sun came ___
331.It's a very fancy party, so you will have to dress ___
40
332.The workmen knocked ___ that old building
333.You can save electricity by turning ___ unnecessary lights
334.I am tired because I stayed ___ all night studying
335.The thieves tried to break ___ and steal the paintings.
a.out b.up c.down d.in
336.The teacher pointed ___ my mistakes
337.It's a very fancy party, so you will have to dress ___
338.The story leaked ___ and appeared in the next day's newspaper
339.The picnic was called ___ because of the rain
340.Please hurry ___ or we will miss the bus
341.His new boss told him to shave ___ his beard
41
342.Jane is sad since she just broke ___ with her boyfriend
343.The teacher handed the test papers ___ to the students
344.I wouldn't rule ___ that possibility
345.He made ___ his mind not to go to the party
346.The car crashed into the tree and burst ___ flames
a.out b.up c.down d.into
347.Please write ___ your name and address here
348.The strong wind blew ___ the tree
349.The man beat me ___ and took away all my money
350.She has been saving ___ her money to buy a new car
351.In the old days, men often stood ___ when a lady entered the room
42
352.We are almost out of gas. Let's fill ___ the tank
353.Please turn ___ the heater. It's getting cold
a.out b.up c.down d.on
354.You can save electricity by turning ___ unnecessary lights
355.If you are free tomorrow afternoon, please drop ___ for a visit
356.The workmen knocked ___ that old building
357.The barking dog scared ___ the burglar
358.We have used ___ all the sugar. Please go buy some more
359.The painter lost his balance and fell ___ the roof
Answers 322-359
322-d,323-d,324-a,325-b,326-c,327-b,328-d,329-a,330-a,331-b,332-c,333-d,334-b,335-d,336-a,337-b,338-a,339-
d,340-b,341-d,342-b,343-a,344-a,345-b,346-d,347-c,348-c,349-b,350-b,351-b,352-b,353-d,354-d,355-d,356-
c,357-d,358-b,359-d
43
360.The concert was ___ because of the rain.
a. called off b. blacked out c. turned off
361.How did he ___ their bad behavior.
a. come to b. account for c. jot down
362.He must be about 90. He is really ___.
a. getting on b. bringing up c. bringing forward
363.In the end everything ___ OK.
a. turned out b. wore out c. climb up
364.Can you ___ all right or should I get a ladder?
a. fall through b. climb down c. barge in
365.I am sorry that I am late. I got ___ in traffic.
a. lifted off b. held down c. caught up
366.I was so angry that I ___ in protest.
a. gave up b. walked out c. ran over
367.The man was ___ of jail early for good behavior.
a. let out b. bent down c. sent down
368.Even though he was tired, he ___ going.
a. kept on b. brought out c. fell over
369.After the accident a lot of people ___.
a. turned out b. set out c. crowded around
44
370.To go faster and faster is the same as to ___ up.
a. shoot b. call c. speed
371.If a problem suddenly happens, it is the same as a problem has just ___ up.
a. lit b. beat c. cropped
372.To divide into groups is the same as to ___ up.
a. screw b. split c. beat
373.To admit you have done something wrong is the same as to ___ up.
a. own b. dig c. lighten
374.To fasten your coat is the same as to ___ up your coat.
a. sum b. tighten c. do
375.To make or create trouble is the same as to ___ up trouble.
a. try b. stir c. liven
376.To try to find some information or thing from the past is the same as to ___ up something.
a. try b. hold c. dig
377.To redo your lipstick and tidy up your hair and appearance is the same as to ___ up.
a. pull b. freshen c. kick
378.To make something louder is the same as to ___ up the volume.
a. turn b. polish c. call
379.If you hit, punch or kick someone, it's the same as to ___ up someone.
a. pull b. bottle c. beat
45
380.To finish your drink quickly because you are leaving is the same as to ___ up.
a. keep b. kick c. drink
381.If you form a queue to get something, it is the same as to ___ up.
a. line b. hold c. call
382.To not share your feeling with anyone is the same as to ___ up your feelings.
a. bottle b. sum c. pile
383.To stop outside of somewhere is the same as to ___ up outside.
a. turn b. fold c. pull
384.To make a mistake is the same as to ___ up.
a. screw b. hang c. flare
385.To practice a skill you have already is the same as to ___ up a skill.
a. fold b. kick c. polish
386.To not be able to speak or move because of fright or worry is the same as to ___ up.
a. keep b. freeze c. hang
387.To support something or stop something is the same as to ___ it up.
a. hold b. kick c. brush
388.To appear univited is the same as to ___ up.
a. draw b. hold c.turn
389.She doesn't exercise anymore so she has put ___ weight.
a. on b. in c. by
46
390.He put ___ for a transfer, but it was refused.
a. on b. in c. by
391.My father put ___ the money to buy the house.
a. up b. in c. on
392.Taxes are going to be put ___ next year.
a. in b. up c. over
393.My back is really painful, since I put it ___.
a. out b. on c. down
394.I told her she couldn't come down until all her clothes were put ___.
a. off b. in c. away
395.People often put ___ her opinions.
a. down b. in c. out
396.The game was put ___ until next month.
a. over b. off c. away
397.Will you help me put ___ this poster?
a. over b. through c. up
398.Will the last one to leave please put ___the candles?
a. out b. in c. by
399.To go on holiday especially because you need a rest is to ___.
a. get over b. go off c. get away
47
400.To show your ticket and get your seat at the airport is to ___.
a. check out b. check off c. check in
401.When the aircraft leaves the ground it ___.
a. takes off b. takes over c. takes in
402.To start on a journey is to ___.
a. set in b. set by c. set off
403.The time a train, bus or plane arrives is when it ___.
a. gets away b. gets in c. gets over
404.To visit somewhere for a short time when you are going somewhere is to ___.
a. stop off b. stop away c. stop on
405.To stay somewhere for a length of time when you are on a long journey is to ___.
a. stop by b. stop over c. stop on
406.To eat food very quickly is to ___.
a. bolt it down b. pig out c. whip it up
407.If you only eat a small amount of a meal, you ___.
a. gnaw it b. bolt it down c. pick at it
408.To eat a lot of food is to ___.
a. pig out b. roll out c. wear out
409.To eat less of something to improve your health is to ___ on it.
a. strip down b. cut back c. run
48
410.To drink a lot of alcohol is to ___.
a. knock it over b. knock it in c. knock it back
411.To heat food again that has already been cooked is to ___.
a. ruffle it up b. warm it up c. pick it up
412.To get into a building or car using force is to ___.
a. break out b. break down c. break in
413.To steal money from a bank by using force is a ___.
a. hold in b. hold down c. hold up
414.To steal or take something without asking is to ___.
a. run off with b. do without c. do over
415.To hurt someone badly by hitting or kicking is to ___.
a. pull them over b. beat them up c. put one over
416.To kill someone in informal English is to ___ with them.
a. do away b. have away c. stay
417.To destroy something with a bomb is to ___.
a. beat it up b. blow it up c. knock it over
418.To take a criminal to the police is to ___.
a. turn them over b. turn them in c. turn them down
419.To put someone in prison is to ___.
a. lock them up b. do them in c. blow them up
49
420.To not punish someone for their crime is to ___.
a. give them over b. let them off c. put them away
421.To succeed in not being punished for a crime is to ___ it
a. get away with b. make off with c. pick through
422.To be hit by a car or bus is the same as to be ___ down.
a. cooled b. marked c. knocked
423.To reduce the amount you do something is the same as to ___ down.
a. cut b. tear c. fall
424.To fail to do something when someone is relying on you is the same as to ___ down someone.
a. let b. quieten c. sit
425.To let something become less hot is the same as to let it ___ down.
a. lie b. cool c. tone
426.If it is raining very heavily, it is the same as to ___ down rain.
a. pour b. cut c. tear
427.To have a lot of stress is similar to being ___ down by a lot of problems.
a. poured b. cut c. weighted
428.To pass things from father to son is the same as to ___ down from generation to generation.
a. calm b. hand c. climb
429.To relax from stress is the same as to ___ down.
a. wind b. lie c. let
50
430.To write a note is the same as to ___ down something.
a. jot b. scale c. tie
431.To make something appear less serious than it is is the same as to ___ down something.
a. slam b. set c. play
432.To stick a poster to a wall is the same as to ___ up a poster.
a. liven b. put c. stand
433.To go from sitting to standing is the same as to ___ up.
a. shoot b. speak c. stand
434.To go from being a child to being an adult is the same as to ___ up.
a. heal b. grow c. hurry
435.To ask someone to talk loudly so that you can hear them is the same as to ___ up.
a. talk b. ask c. speak
436.To rush so that you aren't late is the same as to ___ up.
a. hurry b. fill c. cheer
437.To become happy after being sad or miserable is the same as to ___ up.
a. put b. look c. cheer
438.To put nice clothes on and look smart is the same as to ___ up.
a. stand b. lock c. dress
439.To clean a room is the same as to ___ up.
a. clean b. seal c. cheer
51
440.To explode a bomb in a building is the same as to ___ up a building.
a. blow b. mess c. make
441.To not go to bed early is the same as to ___ up.
a. look b. stay c. lock
442.You have to ___ your younger brother since mother is not at home.
a. take care b. take after c. look after
443.You have to ___ the registration form in order to use that website.
a. carry on b. fill in c. keep up
444.David, please ___ these books ___ to the libarary.
a. take / back b. take / off c. take / out
445.If it rains, they will have to ___ the picnic.
a. go through b. put off c. set off
446.I like ___ the radio.
a. listening at b. listening for c. listening to
447.Peter, when do you ___ in the morning?
a. get over b. get on c. get up
448.When the dinner dishes were ___, they played cards at the table.
a. cleared away b. kept away c. took away
449.The fight ended when one boxer ___ the other one.
a. knocked at b. knocked in c. knocked out
52
450.'Can I ___ this pair of shoes ___?' Ken asked the shop manager.
a. get / on b. take / on c. try / on
451.Have you seen my pen? I'm ___ it.
a. looking for b. looking forward c. looking into
Answers 360-451
360-a,361-b,362-a,363-b,364-b,365-c,366-b,367-a,368-a,369-c,370-c,371-c,372-b,373-a,374-c,375-b,376-c,377-
b,378-a,379-c,380-c,381-a,382-a,383-c,384-a,385-c,386-b,387-a,388-c,389-a,390-b,391-a,392-b,393-a,394-c,395-
a,396-b,397-c,398-a,399-c,400-c,401-a,402-c,403-b,404-a,405-b,406-a,407-c,408-a,409-b,410-c,411-b,412-c,413-
c,414-a,415-b,416-a,417-b,418-b,419-a,420-b,421-a,422-c,423-a,424-a,425-b,426-a,427-c,428-b,429-a,430-a,431-
c,432-b,433-c,434-b,435-c,436-a,437-c,438-c,439-a,440-a,441-b,442-c,443-b,444-a,445-b,446-c,447-c,448-a,449-
c,450-c,451-a
53
452.Detroit ___ Motown in the past.
a. was called b. is called c. called d. is calling
453.Detroit ___ as the first capital city of Michigan, but now Lansing is the capital city of Michigan.
a. chosen b. was chosen c. have been chosen
454.The university of Michigan is one of the best universities in the United States and it ___ in Ann Arbor.
a. located b. location c. is located
455.In the year 2003, Western Michigan University located in Kalamazoo, Michigan ___ with the opportunity
of being one hundred years old.
a. will be celebrating b. will have a celebration c. will have been celebrated
456.The five great lakes of the world ___ in Michigan.
a. can find b. can be found c. can found
457.You ___ more careful when you go to Detroit at night because there a lots of drive-by shootings.
a. might be b. must be c. may be d. should be
458.You ___ winter clothes to visit the state of Michigan in December because the weather is so cold.
a. should bring b. would bring c. could bring d. bring
459.You ___ cars on Mackinac Island in Michigan.
a. may not see b. may not seen c. might not seen d. may not have seen
460.You ___ faster than 70 miles per hour on the highway in Michigan. It's the law.
a. may not drive b. must not drive c. will not drive
461.You ___ west if you want to go to Kalamazoo from Detroit.
a. must go b. could go c. can go
54
462.The state of Michigan ___ the longest freshwater shoreline of any state.
a. had b. has c. will have
463.Battle Creek is a hard-working city, where businesses ___ dedicated employees who want to build a good
life for their families.
a. found b. have found c. have not found
464.Mr. Green ___ at the University since 1989.
a.has been teaching b.has been taught c.is teaching
465.A new book ___ by that company next year.
a.will be published b.will publish c.is publishing
466.When the manager arrived, the problem ____ .
a.had already been solved b.had already solved c.had solved
467.The book ___ by Hardy.
a.wrote b.was wrote c.was written
468.A famous architect ___ the bridge.
a.have built b.was built c.built
469.Local police ___ the bank robber.
a.have arrested b.have been arrested c.was arrested
470.It's a big company. It ___ two hundred people.
a.employs b.is employed c.employing
471.Tom ____ his key.
a.has been lost b.was lost c.has lost
55
472.Many accidents ____ by dangerous driving.
a.have been caused b.caused c.are caused
473.This house ____ in 1930.
a.has built b.was built c.built
474.A new supermarket ____ next year.
a.will built b.will be built c.is building
475.I don't think we must ____ everything tomorrow.
a.be finished b.have finished c.finish
476.Robert Burns ___ a lot of wonderful poems.
a.was written b.has written c.wrote
477.This is a large hall. Many parties ___ here.
a.has been held b.are held c.are being held
478.Over 57 million students ___ in American schools which range from kindergartens to high schools.
a.has been enrolled b.are enrolled c.were enrolled
479.They were interviewing her for the job.She ________________ for the job.
a.was being interviewed b.was interviewed c.has been interviewed
480.Tom is writing the letter.The letter ________________ by Tom.
a.was written b.is being written c.has been written
481. Everyone understands English.English ________________ by everyone.
a.is understood b.has been understood c.was understood
56
482. The employees brought up this issue during the meeting.This issue ________________ by the employees
during the meeting.
a.has been brought up b.is brought up c.was brought up
483. The professor told him not to talk in class.He ________________ by the professor not to talk in class.
a.has been told b.was told c.was being told
484. They say that women are smarter than men.Women ________________ to be smarter than men.
a.were being said b.were said c.are said
485. The fire has destroyed the house.The house ________________ by the fire.
a.has been destroyed b.was being destroyed c.is destroyed
486. She would have told you.You ________________ by her.
a.would have been told b.would be told c.were being told
487. She would reject the offer.The offer ________________ by her.
a.will have been rejected b.would be rejected c.will be rejected
488. This surprises me.I ________________ by this.
a.would have been surprised b.will be surprised c.am surprised
489.In this street letters ___ by the postman at 8 every day.
a.are delivered b.is delivering c.has been delivered
490.This bag ___ on the bus yesterday night.
a.is found b.was found c.was finding
491.I'm afraid the dress ___ in hot water.
a.can not washed b.can not be washed c.can not be washing
57
492.The message ___ tomorrow, I promise.
a.will send b.will be send c.will be sent
493.These offices ___ now. Be careful, the floors are wet.
a.are cleaned b.are cleaning c.are being cleaned
494.This report ___ in time if you didn't help me.
a.would not finished b.would not be finished c.would not be finishing
495.This building needs renovating. It ___ since the 1960's.
a.has not be constructed b.has not being constructed c.has not been constructed
496.Madam, you cannot take your bag into the gallery. All bags ___ in the cloakroom.
a.must be leaving b.must be left c.must been left
497.Please, be patient. The plan ___ in two days.
a.will announced b.will be announced c.will be announcing
498.All the rooms ___ at the moment. It will take us two or three days.
a.are be painted b.are been painted c.are being painted
499.What were we doing at 11 o'clock? - We ___ by a reporter.
a.were be interviewed b.were being interviewed c.were interview
500.After the window pane ___ someone smashed the window again.
a.has been replacing b.has been replaced c.has be replaced
Answers 452-500
452-a,453-b,454-c,455-a,456-c,457-d,458-a,459-a,460-b,461-a,462-b,463-a,464-a,465-a,466-a,467-c,468-c,469-
a,470-a,471-c,472-c,473-b,474-b,475-c,476-c,477-b,478-b,479-a,480-b,481-a,482-c,483-b,484-c,485-a,486-a,487-
b,488-c,489-a,490-b,491-b,492-c,493-c,494-b,495-c,496-b,497-b,498-c,499-b,500-b
58
501.The work ____________ at the moment.
a.is being done b.will be done c.will have been done d.had been done
502.The work _______ by 2 o’clock tomorrow.
a.is being done b.will be done c.will have been done d.had been done
503.The work _______ by the time you come home.
a.will have been done b.had been done c.is being done d.will be done
504.The work _______ by the time he came home.
a.will have been done b.had been done c. hasn’t been done d.will be done
505.The work __________ yet.
a.will have been done b. has just been done c. hasn’t been done d.will be done
506.The work ______ just ______.
a.will have been done b. has just been done c. hasn’t been done d. will have been done
507.The work _________ while I was getting ready for classes.
a.will have been done b. has just been done c. was being done d. will have been done
508.The work __________ two weeks later.
a.will have been done b. has just been done c. was being done d. will be done
509.The work __________ when I entered the room.
a.will have been done b. has just been done c. was being done d. will be done
510.When we visit Art Galleries in other countries, we usually_____ to go in, but when foreigners come to
Britain, they_____ by the British tax-payer.
a.have to pay / are subsidized b.can pay / subsidize c.must be paid / were subsidized
59
d.had to pay / were subsidized e.were supposed to pay / had been subsidized
511.Course books in Applied Economics _____ frequently since this area focuses on the actual policies which
_____ in recent years.
a.must revise / are implemented b.need to be revised / have been implemented
c.could have revised / implementing d.need revising / have implemented
e.should have been revised /implemented
512.The file _____ data on school attendance, and data on certificates, degrees or diplomas the
students______.
a.presents / have been granted b.is presented / are granted c.has presented / have granted
d.had presented / were granted e.presented / have been granted
513.The police have been said_____. with great restraint, despite provocation at the time.
a.to have acted b.having acted c.to act d.to be acted e.acting
514.Society_____ , but gender roles_____ to change with it.
a.may change / won’t be expected b.might have changed / weren’t going to expect
c.might be changing / haven't expected d.may change / aren’t expected
e.could change / aren't expecting
515.Fear of family or community disapproval _____ women’s acquiescence, particularly when i t _____ by
threats of physical punishment or expulsion.
a.may compel / is reinforced b.may be compelled / has reinforced
c.has compelled/ will be reinforced d.compels / was reinforced
e.could be compelling / has reinforced
516.It _____ that change in the public sphere_____ in changes in individual attitudes and behaviours.
a.takes for granted / will reflect b.is taken for granted / will be reflected
c.has been taken for granted / will have reflected d.is taken for granted / will be reflecting
e.has taken for granted / will have been reflected
60
517.The emotions and needs _____ but _____ to be expressed.
a.won’t be disappeared / may not be allowed b.haven’t disappeared / hadn’t been allowed
c.don't disappear / aren’t allowed d.aren’t disappeared / haven’t been allowed
e.didn’t disappear / won’t have allowed
518.The language in which the data______ _____ in the contract.
a.was licensed / has stipulated b.would have been licensed / had stipulated
c.is licensed / is stipulated d.used to be licensed / stipulated
e.had licensed / was stipulated
519.The ideal way to contain a potential influenza pandemic would be to vaccinate people before they_____ to
a virus strain that_____ from person to person.
a.exposed / is transmitted b.were exposed / is transmitted
c.had been exposed / is transmitted d.were exposed / transmits
e.are exposed / has transmitted
520.The mission____ by two days for a fourth spacewalk, and _____ further to deal with the computer issue,
officials said.
a.has extended / may have extended b.had been extended / might be extended
c.has been extended / would be extended d.extended / could be extending
e.extending / may have been extended
521.They looked for a silent place in which they could stay for a fortnight without_____ .
a.having disturbed b.having been disturbed c.being disturbed
d.disturbing e.to disturb
522.Everybody thinks Olympic athletes who _____ drugs to enhance their performance _____ from further
competition.
a.have used / might be banning b.are using / should have banned
c.use / were banned d.are used / have banned
e.use / should be banned
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523.The film, which _____ an ordinary Anatolian member, _____ to be a strong candidate for the previous
competition.
a.depicted / has believed b.is depicted / was believed c.has been depicted / was believed
d.had depicted / is believed e.depicts / was believed
524.The so-called language broadcasts, which_____ for many years,_____ by the state broadcaster in June
2004 as a part of reforms intended to meet EU criteria on minorities.
a.had been banned / were introduced b.have banned / introduced
c.have been banned / were introducing d.banning / were introduced
e.banned / introduced
525.Your lawyer’s advice _____ before any decision_____ .
a.has been obtained / is made b.was obtained / was being made
c.has obtained / was made d.should have been obtained / was made
e.must have been obtained / used to make
526.Medicinal chemists know their latest compound_____ seriously as a drug lead until it _____ its punch in
animal models.
a.wasn't taken / proves b.won't be taken / has proven c.weren’t taken / would be proven
d.won't take / proves e.weren't taken / had proved
527.I’m afraid our accountants_____ for fraud - on the brighter side, our financial statements_____ the
Times best-seller fiction list.
a.are investigating / have made b.were investigated / has made
c.are being investigated / have made d.are investigated / have been made
e.have investigated / made
528.Unless there _____ a dated object, such as a coin, within a layer, a technique _____ to determine an
approximate chronological date.
a.was / would be used b.is / must be used c.can be / has been used
d.should be / must have been used e.had been / could be used
529.The boxer_____ in the first round. It took a long time to bring him down.
a.is knocked out b.has been knocked out c.was knocked out
62
d.should have been knocked out e.was being knocked out
530.He _____ to learn that his proposal______.
a.is delighted / will accept b.should be delighted / accepted c.was delighted / had been accepted
d.delighted / accepted e.was delighted / having accepted
531.It is believed that a criminal inquiry _____ out to give the age of the remains and the fact that any
potential witnesses to a possible crime would no longer be alive.
a.won’t carry b.wouldn't be carried c.shouldn't be carried
d.wouldn’t carry e.couldn’t have carried
532.The shape of the world _____ into account, if you really want to solve Sthe problem.
a.took b.had to be taken c.has taken d.must take e.may be taken
533.Digital memories_____ all people to tell their life stories to their descendants in a compelling fashion that
until now_____ solely for the rich and famous.
a.could enable / has reserved b.can enable / has been reserved c.may be enabled / is reserved
d.should enable / is being reserved e.is enabled / reserves
534.Is it possible to find a country where the beauty, the history and the variety in the scenery_____ in such
perfect harmony?
A.were combined b.are combined c.combined d.combining e.to combine
535.According to the U.S. Climate Report, a copy of which _____ by the newspaper, the administration's
climate policy _____ in emissions growing 11 percent in 2012 from 2002.
a.obtained / will result b.was obtained / will result c.was obtained / will be resulted
d.is obtained / will result e.obtains / will be resulted
536.The machine____ all tests set for it thus far and it _____ for detecting certain threats by our engineers.
a.is passed / has evaluated b.has been passed / has evaluated c.has been passed / has been evaluated
d.passed / has evaluated e.has passed / has been evaluated
63
537.In Freudian theory neurosis____by certain complexes of repressed ideas, and the aim of treatment is to
recover these disturbing contents to consciousness.
a.was caused b.has caused c.is caused d.causes e.had been caused
538.Responses______for the extent to which the behaviour _____ to the actor’s disposition.
a.were scored / was attributed b.had scored / was attributed c.scored / attributes
d.score / will attribute e.were scored / attributed
539.Hundreds of antiques which_____ to one of the sultans_____ by the end of this year.
a.were belonging / will be selling b.belonged / will have been sold
c.are belonged / will be sold d.have been belonged / are going to be sold
e.belonged / are going to sel
540.School attendance ____ only for courses that_____ as credits towards a certificate, diploma or degree.
a.counted / should be used b.has been counted / have used c.is counted / could be used
d.counts / might use e.used to count / might be used
541.The trial ____ in Manhattan, a borough where juries are less hospitable to plaintiffs than the Bronx.
a.was to be held b.will hold c.would have held d.will have held e.would hold
542.Most of the convalescents prefer______for at home while they _____ with their beloveds health centre.
a.to care / are b.to have cared / were c.to have been cared / have been
d.to be cared / are e.cared / were
543.A set of very strict measures______to prevent terrorism at least in order to _____ free in public.
a.has been taken / roam b.has taken / roam c.was taken / have roamed
d.had taken / had roamed e.will have taken / roam
544.The health-care reforms realized by the government, with partial support of the opposition,_____ , by a
majority of non-governmental organizations, _____ _ far from revolutionary in providing ample service,
especially to the elderly retirees.
a.were said / to being b.are said / to be c.said / to have been
64
d.say / to be e.are said / being
545.On the soccer field, his remarkable skill in his brilliant kicks, passes and runs_____ by Pele once.
a.are shown b.were being shown c.should have been shown
d.were shownwere shown e.shown
546.While some papers in fields such aş physical chemistry_____ sufficiently close to the boundary of physics
to be included, others_____ to belong unequivocally to the fields of engineering,
a.judge / should be judged b.would be judged / are judged c.have judged / have judged
d.were judged / had been judged e.are judged / are judged
547.The day before the event, at least one man ______ dead in riots by supporters protesting against his
prosecution.
a.had shot b.shot c.was shooting d.would be shot e.was shot
548.Three weeks after the last resistance against the conservative party_____ , the members of the party
_____ unopposed into the town hall, and conservative party's 20-year rule began.
a.was defeated / had been walking b.had been defeated / walked
c.was defeating / were walking d.had defeated / would be walking
e.has been defeated / have walked
549.The police officers______the suspicious killing of a diplomat before a renowned businessman______a

couple of days ago.
a.had been investigating / was killed b.were investigating / had been killed
c.have been investigating / was killed d.were investigated / killed
e.will investigate / has been killed
550.Further research ____ before we know if mushroom extracts_____ to treat cancer patients.
a.will be needed / can be used b.must have needed / have used
c.could be needed / were used d.are needed / may be used
e.might need / could be used
65
551.Home sales ____ by a ferocious mortgage credit crunch and a wave of foreclosures.
a.are hit b.hit c.have been hit d.were hit e.would hit
552.Extracts of the fungus ____for centuries by Eastern healers, who _____ it has the power to rejuvenate
and extend life.
a.have used / believe b.have been used / are believed
c.were used / believed d.have been used / believe
e.are used / believe
553.He used his ability to make people ______that he_____ future events.
a.believed / would predict b.to believe / might predict
c.believe / could predict d.believing / should predict
e.believe / may predict
554.A holistic approach ____ in assessing the potential environmental and health effects of toxic effluent from
industry.
a.is needed b.needs c.has needed d.will need e.would need
555.All of the passports ____ to employees by 1 May 2018.
a.will be returning b.will have returned c.will be returned
d.will return e.will have been returning
556.In parts of western and southern India, the dire economic state of farmers______for thousands of
suicides in recent years.
a.was blamed b.had been blamed c.has been blamed
d.had blamed e.has blamed
557.The companies ____ to apply the regulations so as to make the working conditions better in the managing
directors’ summit.
a.were made b.have made c.made d.have been making e.are making
66
558. The Alligator Mound ____ on a prominent point at the southern extension of a long glaciated ridge in
Licking County.
a.has located b.located c.locates d.is located e.was located
559.Universities ______ a number of advantages by Athletic teams.
a.bring b.can bring c.had brought d.are brought e.were being brought
560.What _____ ‘modern civilization’ is the result of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life.
a.is called b.called c.had been called d.may call e.was being called
561.The temple, which the archaeologists explored,_____ as a place of worship in 15th century.
a.is used b.was being used c.was used d.had used e.should have been used
562.Can you tell us what We______to do?
a.are supposing b.supposed c.are supposed d.had been supposed e.suppose
563.Every living creature____ with some way to protect itself, by nature.
a.provides b.has been provided c.would provide d.should have provided
e.will be provided
564.Once on the basketball court, Kareem Abdul Jabbar_____ always______on to sink a hook shot or tip in a
rebound.
a.has / counted b.had / been counted c.could / be counted d.should / have been counted
e.must / be counted
565.Higher levels of physical activity _____ among girls who _____ near small parks and running tracks.
a.are seen / were living b.were seen / live c.are seen / live
d.have seen / are living e.had seen / would live
566.You are supposed____ the cake.
a.to have made b.making c.to be made d.to have been made e.having made
67
567.The building, dating from the late 1200s or early 1300s_____ to be the palace of the emperor.
a.had been thought b.thought c.has thought d.is thought e.had thought
568.When population ____ by artificial means, i t _____ and puts more strain on limited natural resources.
a.isn't checked / increases b.wasn't checked / increased c.not checked / increases
d.hadn't checked / increased e.wasn't checked / has been increased
569.If you visited my country, my people _____ probably ______ to have some very strange customs.
a.had / been thought b.have / been thought c.would / have been thought
d.would / be thought e.will / think
570.The bridge I know best______ Bosporus.
a.called b.calls c.was being called d.is called e.has called
571.Lord Jim _____ with the degree of chivalry in 1644.
a.has honoured b.was honoured c.honoured d.is honoured e.being honoured
572.The injured fan _____ to hospital after he _____ in a seated area of the stadium before the start of the
game.
a.was taken / was attacking b.was taking / had been attacked
c.took / would be attacked d.has been taken / has been attacked
e.was taken / was attacked
573.Despite many obstacles, a history of victories _____ at impressive tennis tournaments, including
Wimbledon and the French Open.
a.has been had b.has had c.is having d.had e.will be had
574.After years of running three miles in 21 minutes, his knees_____ from the high impact exercise.
a.had ruined b.ruined c.have been ruined d.have ruined e.were ruined
68
Answers 501-574
501-a,502-b,503-a,504-b,505-c,506-c,507-c,508-d,509-c,510-a,511-b,512-a,513-a,514-d,515-a,516-b,517-c,518-
c,519-e,520-b,521-c,522-e,523-e,524-a,525-d,526-b,527-a,528-b,529-c,530-c,531-b,532-e,533-b,534-b,535-b,536-
e,537-c,538-a,539-b,540-c,541-a,542-d,543-a,544-b,545-c,546-r,547-e,548-b,549-a,550-a,551-c,552-d,553-c,554-
a,555-c,556-c,557-a,558-d,559-d,560-a,561-c,562-c,563-b,564-c,565-c,566-a,567-d,568-a,569-d,570-d,571-b,572-
e,573-a,574-e
69
Gerunds and Infinitives
575.For more severe illnesses, medication is likely _____ but this may be supplemented with psychotherapy.
a.to be needed b.to need c.to have needed d.to have been needed e.being needed
576.We regret _____ that all buses to Nottingham will experience delays due to bad weather conditions.
a.announcing b.to announce c.to have announced d.to have been announced
e.to be announced
577.Your proposals deserve _____ in detail.
a.being considered b.considered c.to have considered d.having considered
e.to be considered
578.I and brother meant ____ some studying last night, but Alicia called and we both spent half an hour on
the phone.
a.doing b.to have done c.to do d.to have been doing e.to be done
579.Her refusal_____ the violence left her open to the charge of positive support for the campaign.
a.to condemn b.condemning c.being condemned d.to be condemned e.to have condemned
580._____ the impact of educational options, researchers took into account the fact that students
participating in school choice were likely _____ from nonparticipants in terms of motivation.
a.Estimating / to have differed b.To estimate/to differ c.Estimated / differing
d.To be estimated / to differ e.Having estimated / being differed
581.The first boss____ all the employees _____ late in the workshop was James Drilldown.
a.to make / stay b.to make / staying c.made / stayed d.to have made / stayed
e.making / staying
582.We suggest some ways to overcome the challenges, from _____ state bureaucracies to _____ public
awareness that investment shouldn’t be justified on their academic benefits alone.
a.reorganizing / raising b.reorganizing / to raise c.being reorganized / being raised
d.having reorganized / having raised e.reorganized / raised
70
583.Studies that are under development aim _____ leaders _____ an assortment of public and private
responses related to housing and government performance.
a.helping / to strengthen b.to help / strengthening c.to be helped / strengthened
d.to help / strengthen e.help / to strengthen
584.To help a Palestinian state____ the challenges in some areas, the new state was estimated_____ at least
$33 billion in private capital investment over the first ten years of statehood.
a.to be met / to require b.meet / to have required c.to meet / requiring
d.meeting / to be required e.meet / to require
585.In the grand drama of geologic time, paleontologists have seen countless species_____ and______the
stage.
a.enter / exit b.to be entering / exiting c.entered / exitted
d.being entered / exited e.to have entered / exitted
586.We have to plan ahead and recognize what we need _____ _____ the potential damage and loss.
a.to do / to limit b.doing / limiting c.to do / limit d.to have done / to limit
e.to do / limited
587.During the 17th century, people left England __from religious persecution.
a.to be escaping b.to have escaped c.escaping d.to escape
e.escape
588.When infected by extremism, local insurgencies become more violent, difficult_____ , and likely _____
out and spread.
a.to be defeating / to lash b.defeating / to have lashed c.to have defeated / to be lashed
d.defeating / being lashed e.to defeat / to lash
589.In the 1930s, physicists devised machines for _____ subatomic particles by electromagnetic forces and
making them ___ _ faster and faster.
a.pushing / going b.having pushed / to go c.pushing/go d.being pushed / go
e.pushing / gone
71
590.New Jersey became the first state in decades_____ the death penalty as Governor Corzine signed a
measure _____ what he called "state-endorsed killing."
a.to repeal / to end b.repealing / to have ended c.having repealed / ending
d.to repeal / being ended e.being repealed / to end
591.We went from_____ on the other side of the world to _____ everything together.
a.in order to live / doing b.to live / to do c.having lived / doing d.living / do
e.living / doing
592.The governor had opposed _____ any foreign aid but was overruled and sent on the mission _____ what
he disapproved of doing.
a.seeking / to do b.having sought / doing c.being sought / to have done
d.to seek / to do e.to have sought / to be doing
593.For the writer, as for most Americans of the time, the Indians were an obstacle_____ .
a.overcoming b.to overcome c.to be overcome d.having overcome e.overcome
594.Chavez was elected twice by a great majority of his people and it's the Bush administration that has tried
_____ Venezuela by _____ a coup against Chavez.
a.to destabilize / being sponsored b.to be destabilized / sponsoring c.to destabilize / sponsoring
d.to have destabilized / to sponsor e.to be destabilized / having sponsored
595.Sanctions are one of the tools of the UN _____ peacekeeping aims, but with developments in Iraq and
Yugoslavia, they have proven _____ rather ineffective.
a.to have achieved / being b.to achieve / to be c.being achieved / to be
d.achieved / to have been e.achieving / having been
596.Recent advances in technology and functional neuro-anatom ic techniques may provide an opportunity
for psychosurgery_____ a more attractive option for the treatment of psychiatric diseases.
a.to have become b.becoming c.become d.having become e.to become
597.A clinical trial is a research study in g human volunteers ____ specific health questions.
a.to be answered b.to have been answering c.being answered d.to. have answered
72
e.to answer
598.Six world powers are now negotiating on sanctions against Iran for pressing ahead with its
program_____ uranium and_____ a February 21 U.N. deadline to stop.
a.to enrich / ignoring b.enriching/ignored c.to be enriched / ignored
d.to enrich / to have been ignored e.being enriched / to have ignored
599.Most of infections are all believed _____ by exposure to infected poultry.
a.to have been caused b.to have caused c.to cause d.causing e.being caused
600.Every bed has a 15-inch LCD screen attached to a pull-out arm on the wall that lets patients_____ _ TV
or make phone calls.
a.watching b.watched c.watch d.having watched e.be watched
601.The Visual Awards Program is designed _______ , and promote excellence among military
photographers in _____ the objectives of military photography arts.
a.rewarded / furthered b.to reward / furthering c.to have rewarded / to have furthered
d.to be rewarding / being furthering e.rewarding/ to further
602.Two tobacco experts have today accused transnational tobacco companies o f ____ the concept of
corporate social responsibility by ______ to use it as a means of directing attention away from the deadly
effects of their products.
a.corrupting / being sought b.corrupted / seek c.having been corrupted / seeking
d.being corrupted / having sought e.having corrupted / seeking
603.We believe that schools have been given enough advice and grants ____ _ them _____ workable networks.
a.to enable / to build b.enabling / building c.to enable /built d.enable / being built
e.to be enabled / to have been built
604.The reality is that there are many ! other problems _____ before they I start______ anything.
a.to have been tackling / having done b.to have been tackled / do
c.to tackle / to be doing d.to be tackled / doing
e.tackling / doing
73
605.The national government was slow ______ to the pleas for help, and they were later reluctant______any
ringleaders,
a.respond / to prosecute b.to respond / to prosecute c.to be responding / prosecuting
d.to have responded / to prosecute e.responding / to be prosecuted
606.Deserts are dry; they are ideal places for human artefacts and fossils______.
a.to preserve b.preserved c.to be preserved d.being preserved e.having preserved
607.Humans who travel into deserts _____ , particularly without_____ an adequate supply of water, have a
slim chance of survival.
a.unprepared / having carried b.having unprepared / carried
c.unprepared / carrying d.being unprepared / to have carried
e.unprepared I carry
608.By _____ 1.500.000 tons of insects a year, birds greatly help American farming.
a.ate b.eating c.having eaten d.eat e.to eat
609.Betty’s favourite rainy-day pastime is _____ pictures from old newspapers and magazines.
a.to clip b.being clipped c.having clipped d.clip e.to be clipped
610.President Roosevelt asked Archibald Mac Leish _____ as the Librarian of Congress.
a.serving b.to be served c.to serve d.being served e.serve
611.I’m sorry for _____ your new watch. Will you forgive me?
a.breaking b.to break c.break d.broken e.being broken
612.The company needs someone_____ a programming supervisor.
a.being b.having been c.be d.to being e.to be
613.If you happen_____ the prize, what will you do?
a.win b.being won c.have won d.to win e.won
74
614.I know why you can't read that sign; it is because of your eyes. I think they need_____ .
a.to have them tested b.testing c.to test d.be tested e.to have been testing
615.It can be difficult _____ a jogging partner.
a.finding b.find c.to find d.found e.being found
616.He is learning ____ football these days.
a.playing b.play c.played d.being played e.to play
617.The turtle at last gave up by______his feet under his shell.
a.pulled b.pull c.to pull d.pulling e.being pulled
618.He advised me____ for the interview at home.
a.to practice b.practicing c.have practiced d.being practiced e.having practised
619.I am going to explain why I decided _____ to college.
a.to go b.go c.being gone d.going e.gone
620.After a while we began______ ______ the ball back and forth.
a.enjoying / hit b.enjoying / to hit c.to enjoy / to hit d.to enjoy / hitting
e.to enjoy / hit
621.I have just quit____ to the bookstore entirely because he made me _____ so angry and embarrassed.
a.going / feel b.to go / feel c.going / to feel d.to go/feeling e.going / feeling
622.It’s difficult to live with them without ______ .
a.be hurt b.to hurt c.hurt d.being hurt e.to be hurt
623.She was very upset______that all the places in the restaurant______.
a.to hear I were booked b.hear 1 are booked c.to have heard / have booked
d.to hear / are booked e.hearing / to be booked
75
624.Following the 1990 census, the districts were needed _____ due to the population shift of the country.
a.being redrawn b.redrew c.to be redrawn d.to have redrawn
e.to have been redrawing
625.He asked me______my eyes on the ball at all times.
a.keeping b.to keep c.kept d.keep e.for keeping
626.It is necessary in every case______in a specific way the essence of what is going on, and that is a
philosophical act.
a.to understand b.to have understood c.understanding d.being understood
e.having understood
Answers 575-626
575-a,576-b,577-e,578-c,579-a,580-b,581-a,582-a,583-d,584-e,585-c,586-a,587-d,588-e,589-c,590-a,591-e,592-
a,593-a,594-c,595-b,596-e,597-e,598-a,599-a,600-c,601-b,602-e,603-a,604-d,605-b,606-c,607-c,608-b,609-a,610-
c,611-a,612-e,613-d,614-b,615-c,616-e,617-d,618-a,619-a,620-d,621-a,622-d,623-a,624-c,625-b,626-a
76
Adjectives and Adverbs
627.The company I work for offered me to choose between a better salary and a flat in the city centre and I
chose ____.
a.the latter b.the last c.the later d.late e.so late
628.The proportion of English, who are severely obese, increased by 50 percent from 2000 to 2005, twice
_____ the growth seen in moderate obesity.
a.so fast as b.so fast that c.too fast d.as fast as e.fast enough
629.Many dairy products ______ cheese and yogurt and some fermented meat products already use lactic
acid producing bacteria to protect and preserve their products.
a.rather b.most of c.both d.such as e.just as
630.Last November, a landmark paper showed that stem-cell-like tumor cells with a signature protein are
actually _____ to radiation ______ other brain cancer cells.
a.so resistant / that b.as resistantly / as c.more resistant / than d.such resistantly / that
e.so resistant / as
631.According to the estimate there are _____ or ______ 85,000 people who have joined today's rally asking
for the resignation of president.
a.more/ fewer than b.the more / the less c.less/ fewer than d.more / less
e.much/more than
632.Pollution from marine shipping causes _____ 60,000 premature cardiopulmonary and lung cancer deaths
around the world each year.
a.appropriately b.apprehensively c.approximately d.extensively e.primarily
633._____ the danger of a particular insurgency is recognized, _____ likely it is that the military intervention
will have to be considered.
a.So early / little b.Much earlier / less c.The earliest / the least d.The earlier / the less
e.Such earlier / less than
634.The many land and sea animals provide a source of food _____ income for the locals.
a.as well as b.as c.more than d.so well e.such
77
635.The Turkish strategy encompassed varying approaches and was _____ that of the English, necessitating a
rethinking of traditional counterinsurgency methods.
a.more adaptable than b.so adaptable as c.so adaptable d.adaptable enough
e.the most adaptable
636.Insurance companies would spend a lot _____ paying the $10 cost of a flu shot for each employee _____
they would pay to stop the resulting outbreak.
a.such little / that b.so little / as c.so little / that d.less / than e.the least / as
637.Women face unique challenges in keeping their blood pressure under control, and this may help explain
why _____ women _____ men struggle with uncontrolled blood pressure.
a.more / than b.less / than c.the / same d.the more / the more e.such / as
638.These works are of ____ importance _____ they should be published at any cost.
a.so / that b.such / that c.as / as d.more / than e.so / as
639.Strasberg himself considered the girl to be his _____ pupils of all time.
a.more greatly than b.the greatest c.the greater d.greatest e.as great as
640.The new calculations might leave the mass of the universe ______ ten to 20 percent _____ previously
calculated.
a.more than / so light as b.as much as / as light as c.the more / the lighter
d.as much as / lighter than e.as many as / lighter than
641.In the neighbourhood _____ 10 to 14 percent of patients who go to see their doctor have depression.
a.so many that b.such as c.as much as d.so much as e.as many as
642.With the late 19th century an era has begun that is much _____ its predecessors.
a.as different as b.more differently than c.more different than
d.different e.the most different
78
643.If you suffer from reflux, it is _____ to avoid eating and drinking right before bed since this can make
your symptoms_____ .
a.important / the worst b.the most important / bad c.more important / worse
d.more, important / bad e.the most important / the worst
644.Symptoms of avian influenza in humans have ranged from typical human influenza-like symptoms_____
fever, cough, sore throat; to severe respiratory diseases _____ acute respiratory distress.
a.such as / as b.as for / too c.like/such as d.such / enough e.as / like
645.The new produced electric pencil sharpener could consume an entire pencil in _____ a second.
a.more than b.further that c.less than d.so much as c.so little as
646.With _____ an unusual name, it was clear from the start that the director’s film was going to be different.
a.such b.so c.as d.like e.about
647.A customer cannot go into a shop and offer a _____ price for an item______ the list price given by the
management.
a.so low / that b.such low / that c.lower / than d.too low / than e.lowest / than
648.The size relationship between the atmosphere and the earth i s _____ a football and its cover.
a.between b.comparable to c.compared with d.alike e.similar to
649.He has always liked detective stories and romances and so on - nothing______ intellectual.
a.enough b.as c.too d.more e.a lot of
650.On average the Japanese car companies remain_____ in the world P market.
a.the most productively b.more productive c.too productive d.so productively
e.the more productive
651.It was____ further to the town centre than I remembered.
a.much b.very c.many d.a lot of e.less than
79
652._____ he insisted he was innocent, _____ they seemed to believe him.
a.The most / the least b.Too much / too little c.As much / as little d.So much / so little
e.The more / the less
653.It seems that this year’s winter is______ warmer than last year’s.
a.rather b.very c.such d.so e.more
654.He is _____ better at golf_____ at swimming because he even doesn't know how to hit the ball.
a.so / and b.any / so c.much / than d.more / to e.no / than
655.Did you know that learning to ski is _____ than learning to skate?
a.far more easier b.much easier c.so much easy d.as easy e.the easiest
656.Antique sales in the United States are _____ profitable_____ they used to be.
a.more / than b.so / as c.such / that d.such / as e.as / than
657.He hasn't done _____ well in life _____ his sister because he's been given fewer chances.
a.so / as b.such / as c.so / that d.as / that e.more / than
658.You should be concentrating on your project _____ listening to music all night long.
a.so that b.even if c.rather than d.such as e.no more
659.It's _____ a box for me to lift by myself so I think I need some help with this.
a.big b.too big c.very big d.a too big e.such big
660.His attitude towards the verdict was _____ everyone supposed he was guilty.
a.so much b.as c.such that d.like e.similar
661.Our teacher was so indecisive that she was______persuaded to change her mind again.
a.readily b.subtly c.abruptly d.hardly e.punctually
80
662.Prevention of future needs will often avert far ______ hardship ____ a response after the fact.
a.as/as b.so / that c.such / as d.more/than e.so / as
663.Our manager always tells that he has met _____ different businessmen in his career _____ he now knows
all kinds of them very well.
a.too much / as b.such a lot of / for c.too little / so d.so many / that e.more / than
664.It was ____ a boring book _____ I didn't want to read it once more,
a.so / that b.as / as c.very / that d.so / as e.such / that
665.The party was not a success because______ anyone came.
a.just b.almost c.only d.hardly e.many
Answers 627-665
627-a,628-d,629-d,630-c,631-d,632-c,633-d,634-a,635-a,636-d,637-a,638-b,639-d,640-d,641-d,642-c,643-c,644-
c,645-c,646-a,647-c,648-e,649-d,650-b,651-a,652-e,653-a,654-e,655-b,656-a,657-a,658-c,659-b,660-b,661-a,662-
d,663-d,664-e,665-d
81
Modal Verbs
666.I'm not really sure where the cat is, but I think she _____ in the kitchen.
a.might play b.might be playing c.might have played
667.If I had left early like everyone else did, I _____ sitting here now listening to all this rubbish.
a.may not be b.wouldn't be c.was not able to be
668.If I'd gone down to Bodrum like all my friends did, I, too, _____ scuba diving lessons.
a.could have taken b.had better taken c.had taken
669.Meltem had agreed to meet us here at the entrance, but she _____ here when we arrived.
a.should have been b.wouldn't be c.wasn't
670.It _____ that silly friend of yours who called and didn't leave a proper message on the answering
machine.
a.should have been b.could easily be c.was recorded
671.I wish I'd never set foot there in person. I _____ her instead.
a.should have phoned b.had better phone c.will have phoned
672.These aren't my books. I _____ someone else's books by mistake.
a.had better taken b.should take c.must have taken
673.I _____ bought them, if you had lent me some money.
a.may have b.might have c.ought to have
674.You've done an excellent job on it. No one else _____ it better.
a.may have done b.must have done c.could have done
675.I _____ have taken you advice and stayed away from that place.
a.must b.may c.should
82
676.It now seems we _____ a taxi. We're already here and still have half an hour to go before the
performance....
a.shouldn't hurry and take b.needn't have hurried and taken c.would like to hurry and take
677.They kept repeating that they_____. follow him wherever he went, but he still wasn't so sure...
a.had better b.would c.ought to
678.She _____ read my letter by now, and I'm sure she will call us any moment.
a.should b.must have c.has to
679.Next week's final between these two teams_____ . be really fascinating.
a.should b.would like to c.had better
680.Her parents were supposed to have been back by last Monday. Frankly, they _____ a great time there.
a.would rather have b.would like to have c.must be having
681.Cold deserts _____ in snow, which don't receive much precipitation.
a.should be covered b.must be covered c.had better be covered
d.might have been covered c.can be covered
682.The money in our pocket_____ far less today than it_____ ten years ago.
a.could buy / would b.can buy / had c.should buy / had
d.might buy / should e.may buy/had to
683.They reminded me that we _____ an early start the next morning, so we _____ late to bed.
a.would make / didn’t need to be b.must have made / can’t be c.would make / wouldn’t be
d.could make / needn't have been e.would be making / mustn’t have been
684.Emergency supplies______the earthquake area as soon as possible by the help of UN. It is crucial.
a.must reach b.should have reached c.had to reach d.can reach e.was going to reach
83
685.When I entered the kitchen I realized that the chocolate cake was all gone! Someone____ it.
a.would have eaten b.should have eaten c.must have eaten
d.need to have eaten e.had to eat
686.After the spraying and facing problems, state health officials said the amount of insecticide applied in
Monterey_____ severe health risks.
a.shouldn't have posed b.needn't have posed c.didn't need to pose d.didn't use to pose
e.hadn't posed
687.If the jury members______agreement, the case______retried before a new jury.
a.can't have reached / may be b.mustn't reach / should be c.aren’t able to reach / has been
d.can’t reach / must be e.couldn't reach / must be
688.The people who lived there _____ everything they needed from the gifted forest.
a.should get b.could get c.will get d.may get e.have got
689.Some European politicians, it seems, _____ spend billions on aid than allow poor-world farmers to sell
attractively priced food to Europe’s consumers.
a.would rather b.would prefer c.would d.prefer e.were to
690.Governments______regions in their countries more autonomy so that they _____ and enjoy their own
cultures rather than serving the centralized policies of the capital city.
a.had to give / can protected b.were going to give / may protect
c.should have given / would have protected d.must give / could have protected
e.should give / can protect
691.Do people have the right to smoke when children in the same house or colleagues in the same office_____
the smoke?
a.could inhale b.have to inhale c.might inhale d.may inhale e.should inhale
692.Clients____the part of town where they want to be based if they want, though this _____ their choice of
price-range.
a.can specify / may limit b.could specify / used to limit c.had to specify / might limit
84
d.must specify / may have limited e.are supposed to specify / might have limited
693.During the twentieth century, women in Britain_____ vigorously for equal rights - the right to vote and
the right to work in posts traditionally reserved for men.
a.were campaigning b.must campaign c.had to campaign
d.must have campaigned e.have had to campaign
694.Any kind of modification ____ without informing all the members at that meeting.
a.shouldn’t be made b.didn’t need to be made c.wouldn’t be made
d.didn’t use to be made e.ought not to have been made
695.The Supreme Election Council____ the end results of the election on tomorrow’s gathering.
a.would verify b.is bound to verify c.might as well verify d.had verified e.are used to verify
696.The epic is dated back to nearly 3000 B.C., but scholars believe it _____ much earlier through an oral
tradition.
a.should have existed b.need to be existed c.could existed d.could have existed
e.may exist
697.Although the oral tale of Iliad_____ to various rulers over millennia, the story we know is probably
attached to a real king.
a.can be attributed b.could have been attributed c.should have been attributed
d.must be attributed e.would be attributed
698.Stein spoke in a voice so low that the judge repeatedly_____ her to speak up.
a.could ask b.would ask c.had to ask d.used to ask e.might have asked
699.When we lived in the East Anatolia, the water pipes _____ every winter, and we _____ in a plumber.
a.would freeze / had to call b.were freezing / used to call c.could freeze / would have called
d.used to freeze / were calling e.might have frozen / have had to call
85
700.He had such bad flu that he______ breathe through his nose.
a.didn't have to b.couldn’t c.shouldn’t d.didn't use to e.wouldn't
701.Her unconventional, yet practical clothing shocked all the audience, who _____ men play in the long,
heavy dresses which were typical of that period.
a.would see b.used to see c.were used to seeing d.get used to seeing
e.are accustomed to seeing
702.To get to a better post in this job you _____ be punctual and have good organizational behaviour.
a.are to b.can c.might d.would e.used to
703.They normally agree about where to go every year but this time they_____ problems finding something
that _____ all of them.
a.might have had / must satisfy b.must be having / ought to satisfy
c.could have / will have satisfied d.had better have / is to satisfy
e.may have / will satisfy
704.I ____ bear the sight of blood so I ____ wait for the cow to be sacrificed.
a.couldn’t / shouldn’t b.mustn't/can’t c.am not to / would rather not d.can't / couldn’t
e.won’t / didn't use to
705.Would you mind ____ her to accompany me at the party tomorrow? I am too busy to do that.
a.having invited b.if I invited c.invite d.invited e.inviting
706.You____ avoid being in such a room full of billowing cigar smoke. The doctor has warned you.
a.must b.can c.would d.could e.would rather
707.It _____ our dog which barked continuously all night, since it was sleeping inside with us.
a.can't have been b.may not have been c.won't have been
d.shouldn't be e.might not be
86
708.You _____ not come early. I mean, you _____ start to work at 10 o’clock.
a.need / should b.must / can c.need / may d.should / might e.can / could
709.Why are you wasting time? You______ your work already.
a.need to have finished b.could be finishing c.must be finishing d.should have finished
e.have to finish
710.Well, if your pocket’s empty, you______ all your money.
a.must have spent b.should have spent c.could spend d.had to spend e.have to spend
711.He_____ be at home. His car is not in the garage.
a.mustn’t b.can’t c.couldn’t d.doesn't need to e.needn’t
712.Humans _____ smell about 10.000 scents, ranging from freshly cut flowers to the aversive smell of an
angry skunk.
a.ought to b.must c.would d.should e.can
713.I’m sorry I’m late. You _____waiting for a long time.
a.should have been b.could have been c.need to be d.must have been
e.might have been
714.It’s strange that he hasn’t said any more about his plans to emigrate. He______ his mind about it.
a.should have changed b.would have changed c.must change d.might have changed
e.had to change
715.We _____ flying to Spain now if we had bought tickets in time.
a.should have been b.would be c.need to be d.must have been e.have been
716.You _____ find some of the most colourful people on the bus.
a.must b.have to c.should d.ought to e.may
717.Jimmy is upstairs. He _____ his homework.

87
a.must be doing b.should be doing c.must have done d.is able to done e.can be doing
718.She said it ____ be Tom, he was in the army at that time.
a.shan't b.shouldn’t c.mustn’t d.may not e.couldn’t
719.We_____ for the bus for over an hour that under heavy rain before it arrived. We have both caught cold.
a.mustn’t have waited b.couldn't have waited c.shouldn’t have waited d.may not be waiting
e.couldn’t wait
720.I know I ___ the letter earlier today.
a.have had to post b.need to post c.ought to post d.must have posted e.could have posted
721.My diary isn’t in its regular place; someone_____ it.
a.must have taken b.was to have taken c.should have taken d.was going to take
e.would have taken
722.You ____ more pills, you look recovered.
a.can't take b.shouldn’t have taken c.may not have taken d.needn't take
e.weren’t supposed to take
723.If we have no money to take a taxi, we______ on the bus.
a.should have got b.were to get c.ought to be getting d.must have got
e.will have to get
Answers 666-723
666-b,667-b,668-a,669-c,670-b,671-a,672-c,673-b,674-c,675-c,676-b,677-b,678-b,679-a,680-c,681-d,682-a,683-
c,684-a,685-c,686-a,687-d,688-b,689-a,690-d,691-b,692-a,693-c,694-d,695-b,696-d,697-b,698-c,699-a,700-a,701-
c,702-a,703-e,704-d,705-e,706-a,707-a,708-c,709-b,710-a,711-b,712-e,713-d,714-d,715-b,716-d,717-a,718-e,719-
c,720-e,721-a,722-d,723-e
88
Determiners
724.Very few will have learnt of ____ before and he will not hang around long enough to make a name
for______.
a.us / ourselves b.him / himself c.themselves / ours d.theirs / herself e.him / its
725.______ wants to expose ______. People often hide their feelings.
a.Everybody / themselves b.Somebody / himself c.Anybody / themselves d.Nobody / themselves
e.Somebody / themselves
726.The officer rode 70 km to _____ home city and then turned a gun on _____ , the reporter told.
a.our / him b.his / herself c.my / itself d.her / herself e.us / ourselves
727.It will be advisable to quit _____ alcohol and smoking during pregnancy.
a.each b.every c.all d.a number of e.some
728.The wild life of______region is under threat and______rare animal species may become extinct.
a.all / a large amount of b.each / others c.another / both d.every / either
e.the whole / some
729.The place was spacious with _____ room for relaxation surrounded by restaurants.
a.no b.a c.any d.lots of e.little
730.There were some people on the street that fought with_____ .
a.one another b.themselves c.another d.other e.the other
731.Before the gathering that night there was _____ more clearing up in the house to do as usual.
a.a few b.some c.several d.a great many e.a number of
732.We had_____ room so none of uş had any probl'erns on accommodation.
a.little b.few c.enough d.the number of e.a
89
733.I really want to know what kind of feeling it is to have a relative that hates you that______.
a.most b.much c.a lot d.a good many e.a little
734.Things happen in ______stadium and ours is np different than_____.
a.any/ the other b.every/ others c.the others/ the others d.each / each other
e.one/ one another
735.We have realized that _____ has brought_____ worths buying.
a.everybody / anything b.somebody / nothing c.anybody / everything d.nobody / anything
e.anybody / something
736.Not only graduate but also undergraduate students fin d _____ in a troublesome position that can not be
got rid of.
a.themselves b.one another c.them d.the others e.each other
737.This year's whiteout of a winter has prompted _____ global-warming nasayer to crow about buying Al
Gore a snow shovel.
a.some b.a lot of c.many a d.none e.little
738._____ commercial or recreational salmon fishing will be allowed off the coast of Oregon this year due to
the possible extinction of the species.
a.Some b.One c.No d.None e.Each
739.With some families displaced for more than a decade, children born or raised in camps have_____ or
______ memory of traditional farming life.
a.little / no b.no / any c.more / less d.few / fewer e.less / none
740._____ product you buy should be a gateway to a personal sustainability practice.
a.None b.Everything c.Any d.Several e.Most
741.There were Rangers fans throwing bottles and cans at_____ because the game was not on.
a.themselves b.one another c.other d.each another e.the others
90
742.At no time should you endanger yourself or______take _____ unnecessary risks.
a.the others / every b.others / any c.one another / no d.each other / some e.the other/either
743.While consumers who obtain genuine products can improve their health, _____ who are deceived by
clever advertising may lose their health, their savings or_____ .
a.those / both b.ones / neither c.all / none d.both / all e.none / either
744.For most of who emigrated, the search for employment and a better life was almost certainly the
principal cause of______departure.
a.none/their b.ones / some c.all / any d.some / its e.those / their
745.In neighborhoods where residents are willing to help_____ , children are less likely to be overweight
a.another b.one another c.each other d.the other e.themselves
746.There were ____ adventurers who were willing to fight in _____cause if the pay were good.
a.several / some b.many / none c.some / any d.a good deal of / few e.the number of / most
747.One of the _____ things the warring factions have in common is _____ opposition to the U.S..
a.little / its b.few / their c.many / yours d.number of/theirs e.more / my
748.A very close relative_____ has just arrived from a trip during which he experienced many interesting
adventures.
a.to me b.of me c.of mine d.to myself e.for my own
749.American Indians often sold _____ land to white people or gave it away without realizing that it would no
longer be _____.
a.theirs / them b.its / them c.its / its d.their / theirs e.their / themselves
750.For the potable water system onboard the ship there are _____ standards, like the first one, that it be
potable
a.a little b.a good deal of c.a great quantity of d.both of e.a number of
91
751.The truth is, I'm not _____ pleased with Mike's grades this year.
a.a little b.a lot c.some d.at least e.at all
752.Can our minds grasp the individual object as _____ stands by ______?
a.it / itself b.ours / theirs c.itself / theirs d.them / themselves e.theirs / ourselves
753.According to the schedule, the teachers have to come together _____ other week to discuss the problems
of their students.
a.all b.any c.some d.each e.every
754._____ researchers have demonstrated that global warming tends to result from greenhouse gases.
a.Much more b.A number of c.Half of d.Most of e.The least
755.The artists of the Spanish Market work with many different kinds of materials; _____ weave cloth on
looms or punch designs into tin, _____ make their own pottery or carve objects out of bone.
a.some / others b.all/none c.several / a good deal d.many/ each e.too few / the other
756.High blood is one of the three major risk factors for heart disease. Cigarette smoking and high blood
pressure are _____ two.
a.another b.one another c.others d.the other e.other
757.There were almost 2500 demonstrators in the square last weekend. This shows that _____ people
attended the demonstration
a.a great quantity of b.a large amount of c.a great number of d.very little e.much of
758.Laura has three pets, _____ which is a Siamese cat that has just given birth to twin kittens, and _____ are
male dogs which frequently fight
a.one / others b.alone / some c.the one / the others d.another / other e.the other / each
other
759.While there are ____ formidable women on the screen today, _____ of them have involved themselves in
the method school as part of their training.
a.quiet a few / many b.many / a good many c.the number of / few d.lots of / a good deal
e.many / very few
92
Answers 724-759
724-b,725-d,726-d,727-c,728-e,729-d,730-a,731-b,732-c,733-b,734-b,735-b,736-a,737-c,738-c,739-a,740-c,741-
b,742-b,743-a,744-e,745-b,746-c,747-b,748-c,749-d,750-e,751-e,752-a,753-e,754-b,755-a,756-d,757-c,758-c,759-
e
93
Adverbial clauses
760. _____ these tools are cheap in price, they do stand the test of time.
a.Because b.In order that c.Although d.As soon as e.Once
761.Keep these in the fridge_____ . they do not lose their freshness.
a.since b.so that c.while d.after e.unless
762. _____ she has finally completed the course, she deserves to receive a higher salary.
a.Now that b.However c.Despite the fact that d.So that e.Until
763.I'll let you know _____ . I come back.
a.the minute b.as far as c.for fear that d.so that e.since
764.Skiers wear lots of protective clothing _____ they don't get hurt if and when they fall.
a.because b.in order that c.though d.so long as e.for fear that
765.You shouldn't drive _____ you have been consuming such large quantities of alcohol.
a.for fear that b.in order that c.even though d.after e.no matter what
766.The interpreter spoke slowly _____ our foreign guests would understand the gravity of the situation.
a.despite b.no matter how c.in spite of d.lest e.so that
767.She took a computer course _____ she could move to a better job.
a.whereas b.for fear that c.while d.so that e.by the time
768. _____ I came to this country, I didn't speak a word of English!
a.As far as b.No matter which c.In case d.Up until e.Because
769.I'm just hoping that I will have finished the job _____ they come back.
a.for fear that b.because c.seeing that d.by the time e.whereas
94
770. _____ it'll be a difficult day tomorrow for all of us, you had better get some sleep now.
a.Due to b.Ever since c.In spite of d.Since e.Despite
771.They won't be able to join us tomorrow _____ they have enough money.
a.because of the fact that b.due to the fact that c.despite the fact that d.on account of the fact that
e.owing to the fact that
772.Some of the great minds argued that the universe was not a confined space,______ others contended that
its boundaries were drawn.
a.while b.thus c.all the same d.however e.as to
773.______how aggressively the U.S. tackles its carbon problem, the global outlook hinges on the coal fired
economies of the world’s two looming giants: China and India.
a.In view of b.No matter c.However d.As if e.Hence
774.Economic growth might be advantageously enjoyed, and evenly balanced shared, merely in a community
where solidarity has developed______familiarity.
a.in order that b.in spite of c.despite d.as a consequence of e.in the event that
775._____ I would like to help you, I'm afraid I'm simply too busy at the moment.
a.However b.While c.As much as d.Even if e.Despite
776.I cannot help thinking about it so much, but_____ I can't believe how lucky I was to survive such a
terrifying accident.
a.even if b.as if c.even though d.even how e.even
777.______Mr Ash’s pride in the system he has put together, it hasn’t always been as reliable as he might
have wished.
a.Up b.Even though c.In spite of d.However e.No matter
778.All the children are lumped together in one class, ______their ability
a.as regards b.regarding c.regardless of d.with regard to e.in regard to
95
779.Granted that it is dangerous,____I still want to go.
a.all the same b.although c.whereas d.in case e.therefore
780.We felt very nice and snug,______ there was fire in the room.
a.otherwise b.so that c.as if d.provided e.all the same
781.I locked the door _____ be disturbed.
a.so as not to b.so that c.in order to
782.Peter behaves _____ he didn't know where we are.
a.as b.as though c.yet
783.Helen is a beautiful girl _____ she is stupid.
a.but b.although c.however
784._____ nobody expected her, she cropped up.
a.Despite b.Yet c.As
785._____ the fact he wasn't well-educated, he was given the job.
a.In spite of b.Although c.Yet
786.Paul is very vehement _____ he has no friends.
a.so that b.thereby c.as
787.This movie may be controversial for some people _____ viewer discretion is advised.
a.however b.but c.therefore
788.Smart _____ he is, he didn't solve that problem.
a.so b.as c.but
96
789._____ she was ill, she managed to win the race.
a.Even though b.Despite c.However
790.I'll close the window _____ you don't get cold.
a.so as to b.in order to c.so that
791.The weather is going to be awful _____ I'll stay till the morning.
a.hence b.as c.yet
792.Our team played the first half terribly, but we won the game _____ .
a.despite b.whatever c.notwithstanding
793.She's in hospital _____ I think you should visit her.
a.because b.thus c.lest
794._____ I didn't want to go out anywhere, I stayed at home.
a.Due to b.So that c.Since
795.Nobody believed that she would pass the exam. _____ , she did it.
a.But b.Nevertheless c.While
Answers 760-795
760-c,761-b,762-a,763-a,764-b,765-d,766-e,767-d,768-d,769-d,770-d,771-c,772-a,773-b,774-d,775-d,776-d,777-
c,778-a,779-c,780-b,781-a,782-b,783-a,784-b,785-a,786-b,787-c,788-b,789-a,790-a,791-a,792-c,793-b,794-c,795-
b
97
Indefinite pronouns
796.We had known all the facts ha said. We found out _____ new.
a.anything b.something c.nothing
797.The holidays were great. We could do _____ we wanted.
a.something b.nothing c.anything
798.He's not a liar. I'm sure _____ he said was true.
a.something b.everything c.anything
799.Don't worry, _____ will be ok.
a.anything b.something c.everything
800.I can't see Kate _____ Do you know where she is?
a.anywhere b.nowhere c.somewhere
801.Is _____ going to the theatre with me?
a.anybody b.somebody c.nobody
802.Would you like me to do _____ for you?
a.something b.anything c.nothing
803._____ wanted to talk to you when you were in the supermarkt. He left his number.
a.Nobody b.Anybody c.Somebody
804.Don't trust ___ .
a.no one b.anyone c.someone
805.I didn't feel good at the concert, because there was _____ I knew.
a.anybody b.no one c.someone
98
806. _____ was surprised when he confessed his love. We didn't expect it.
a.Someone b.Nobody c.Everyone
807.There is _____ to go in winter in this city.
a.nowhere b.nothing c.anywhere
808.Before you marry her, I must tell you _____ about her parents.
a.anything b.nothing c.something
809.It's up to her so _____ should tell her what to do.
a.somebody b.nobody c.anybody
810.Paul lives _____ in Canada.
a.somewhere b.anywhere c.nowhere
811.There is ___ in the office now, I am afraid. It is lunch hour.
a.somebody b.nobody c.anybody
812.Will you give me ___ to drink, please? I'm thirsty.
a.nothing b.something c.anything
813.___ knows where Gilda is at present. She hasn't left her address to anyone.
a.No one b.Someone c.Anyone
814.Barbara has gone away, but she didn't tell ___ where she was going.
a.someone b.no one c.anyone
815.I can't find my bag ___ . I have put it on a chair and now I can't see it there.
a.anywhere b.nowhere c.somewhere
99
816.Kelly hasn't got ___ to write on.
a.nothing b.something c.anything
817.There is ___ in the school. The building is empty. The pupils are on vacation.
a.nobody b.somebody c.anybody
818.The museum is free. It doesn't cost ___ to go in.
a.nothing b.anything c.something
819.I like the people here.___ is so nice.
a.everybody b.somebody c.everything
820.David's house is full of books. There are books ___ .
a.somewhere b.nowhere c.everywhere
821.Is there ___ in the corner of the room? - No, I can see nothing there.
a.something b.nothing c.anything
822.___ knows anything about his background.
a.Nobody b.Anybody c.Somebody
823.Hello! Is ___ home? Where is everybody? - Please, don't shout, Nick. I am in the kitchen and your father
is in the garden.
a.nobody b.anybody c.somebody
824.I am very busy now, but I can have some time at seven o'clock. I have ___ to do after office hours.
a.anything b.something c.nothing
825.He thinks he knows everything about ___ .
a.somebody b.everybody c.anybody
100
Answers 796-825
796-a,797-c,798-b,799-c,800-a,801-a,802-b,803-c,804-b,805-b,806-c,807-b,808-c,809-b,810-a,811-b,812-b,813-
a,814-c,815-a,816-c,817-a,818-b,819-a,820-c,821-c,822-a,823-b,824-c,825-b
101
Relative clauses
826.Those _____ aim for perfection will come much nearer to it than those _____ despondency and Haziness
make them give it up as unattainable.
a.that/ where b.which/ what c.whose / whose d.that /that e.who/whose
827.School counsellors need to demonstrate a great deal of sensitivity in their work to gain the trust and
respect of the adolescents _____ they work.
a.who b.with whom c.where d.of whom e.for which
828.An expert once observed that playing games is fun, and that is the reason _____ so many people have
done it for so many centuries.
a.of which b.what c.that d.for which e.about which
829.University students_____ in a career in agriculture may take courses including animal husbandry, and
basic mechanics.
a.are interested b.to be interested c.have been interested d.interested e.having interested
830.There was a secret place to the forest _____ we could always hide and stay in for a while when we thought
we would be punished.
a.where b.what c.why d.when e.which
831.The woman claims she was taken aboard an alien spacecraft,_____ she spoke with alien life forms.
a.which b.on which c.whom d.of whom e.what
832.Police have informed people to keep on the alert for a cougar_____ has been sighted in the area.
a.who b.whom c.which d.for which e.in which
833.Air pollution, which is a problem _____ by the cooperation between the government and the citizens in
London, is one of the main troubles _____for an urgent solution.
a.solving / to be waited b.to be solved / waiting c.having sold / having waited
d.to solve / being waited e.solved / to wait
834.The Pharaohs of ancient Egypt were rulers_____ as gods on Earth.
a.being considered b.having considered c.to be considered d.considering e.considered

102
835.Areas ____ net security benefits could be easily gained include better screening of cargo, baggage and
personal items.
a.which b.when c.where d.that e.whom
836.It is boiling out here; why don’t we stay for a while over there_____ it's shady.
a.that b.which c.where d.what e.of which
837.After seeing the city's wild side, it is worth exploring the wide array of local museums, most_____ charge
$4.
a.of whom b.of whose c.of which d.of where e.in which
838.Violence was found to be more likely in urban areas, in households_____ the wife considered earnings
inadequate, and_____ women earned more than 50 per cent of the income.
a.whom/whose b.where / where c.when/ that d.that / when e.which / where
839.None of the explanations they have made could excuse the way_____ the firm carried out its finance
policy.
a.that b.whose c.when d.what e.why
840.In cultures _____ patriarchy is accepted as the only proper family structure, boys and girls may be
trapped in a pattern of relationships and dependencies_____ can frustrate them both.
a.when / in which b.where/ that c.whose/ which d.which/which e.that/that
841.Many cultures maintain a traditional patriarchal system____ _ men are the primary decision makers in
family and social relationships.
a.in which b.when c.that d.whose e.why
842.In the settlement_____extends to any label or other entity _____ practices are controlled by universal
executives are prohibited from buying advertisements.
a.when / why b.where / which c.that / where d.which/when e.that/that
843.A partnership between publishers and institutions will constitute a solid buttress_____ to tackle the
cultural richness in all its width and depth.
a.that b.with which c.why d.whom e.of which
103
844.The kings’ comings and goings did not affect the state or nation _____ they ruled.
a.where b.that c.when d.of which e.why
845.Their finding implies that plants may be able to shift long distances to follow the climate conditions _____
they are best adapted.
a.of which b.for which c.in which d.when e.that
846.It was suggested that civilization is very much an immature experiment; the success_____ is by no means
yet proven.
a.which b.of which c.in which d.what e.that
847.In the past decades, Turkey has had sixteen universities, h a lf_____were connected with each other with
their curriculums.
a.at which b.where c.of which d.whose e.of that
848.Men see their sexual roles only in terms of the extent _____ they are dominant or passive.
a.to which b.that c.whom d.why e.whose
849.According to some research, men’s minds are raised to the level of the women_____ they associate.
a.which b.of which c.whom d.what e.with whom
850.Sweden is a country the main exports _____ are chiefly football players and cold fronts.
a.that b.where c.of which d.whose e.why
851.The report from the hospital said study following a group of 354 girls found those_____ were fatter at age
3 and _____ gained weight during the next three years reached puberty by age 9.
a.who / that b.which / who c.who / which d.that / whom e.which / whose
852.He is the man_____ we have heard so much.
a.who b.where c.whom d.about whom e.for whose
104
853.It is often impossible to identify a 'cause' in many people and this can be distressing for people_____ want
to understand the reasons____ they are ill.
a.that / that b.whom /ofwhich c.who/that d.who / for which e.which/why
854.Even the Discovery Channel,_____ is set to air the controversial documentary on Sunday, March 4,
seemed confused by Faker’s calculations.
a.that b.which c.in which d.where e.when
855.They haven’t got many interests ______they share.
a.who b.in which c.by which d.which e.that of
856.Satisfaction is an emotion _____ captures the uniquely human need to impart meaning to one's activities
a.who b.that c.whom d.in which e.when
857.The writer gave full vent to his wit in his favourite form of literary composition, the hoax, _____ he
pretended to be someone else.
a.which b.when c.on which d.in which e.that
858.Companies in countries ____ use historical cost accounting-do not usually record an estimated value.
a.where b.whose c.as well d.which e.of which
859.There are few companies____ can deliver an end-to-end customised solution specific to a healthcare
environment _____ is what the owners have done with.
a.what/ where b.which/ how c.which /what d.that / where e.that / which
860.The tablet tells the story of an ancient King of Uruk_____may have actually existed, and the name_____
is on the Sumerian King List;
a.where /that b.who /of which c.that / why d.which / whose e.who / whose
861.Acne is a very common skin disorder _____most young people get in early puberty.
a.that b.for which c.where d.when e.in which
105
862.It is only your own actions____ you may take responsibility and credit.
a.for which b.in which c.that d.which e.where
863.Can you open the door, Mikel ____ must be Mrs Morgan. _____ was going to come this afternoon.
a.Someone / It b.It/ She c.They/ It d.No one/ She
864. _____ have found a nice flat in the city centre and _____ rent isn't very high.
a.I/ his b.They/ theirs c.You/ it's d.We/its
865. _____ student at our college has a room of _____ .
a.Each of/ theirs b.Every/ their own c.Each / himself d.Everyone/ themselves
866.She seems to be enjoying _____ when she is with _____ friends.
a.herself/ her b.hers / her own c.hers / her own d.her/ her own
867.Sometimes everybody may need to be _____ .
a.to each other b.of one's own c.on their own d.by herself
868.You _____ waste so much time on the computer, so you can't criticize your kids for doing ____ .
a.yourself/ it b.-/their c.yours / yours d.your own/ those
869.What was the name of _____ interesting friend of _____ from Brighton?
a.this /you b.these / your own c.that/ yours d.those / yourself
870.I have _____ friends at school, but _____ of them has come to my home yet.
a.a lot of/ none b.every/ all c.many/ both d.some/ neither
871.I wasn't planning to stay for more than two days, so I had very _____ luggage with _____ .
a.little/ me b.few/me c.much/ myself d.some/ my own
106
872.Sean has two dogs; _____ them are too old, so _____ them can walk long distances.
a.either / none b.neither/ all of c.both of/ neither of d.each of/ either of
873.You needn't put so _____ colour pens in your pencil case . _____would be enough.
a.a lot of/ A little b.many / Every c.much / Little d.many / A few
874.Leonard loves his goldfish so much that _____ gave _____ of them a different name.
a.himself/ all b.he/ each c.they/ one d.he/ every
875.A: Whose is that magazine? B: It is ______. There is an article in it about ______ homework.
a.he's /his b.her /hers c.mine /my d.their/theirs
876. _____ bags are both on the floor.
a.Terry's and Dayna's b.Terry's and Dayna c.Terry and Dayna d.Terry and Dayna's
877.A: Is this ____? B: Yes. It is _____ .
a.Roger / my b.Roger's / his c.Roger's / he d.Roger / it
878.A: Is _____ brother at home? I need to talk to him. B: No, he isn't. He is at the _____ .
a.yours / dentist b.your / dentist's c.yours / dentist's d.you / dentist
879. _____ brother can't understand _____ German boss well when she speaks German.
a.Mine/her b.My/he c.Mine/my d.My / his
880.This is _____ daughter ____ name is Jeanne
a.Beatrice and Dan / Hers b.Beatrice and Dan's / Her c.Beatrice and Dan's / Hers
d.Beatrice's and Dan's / Her
881. _____ camp leader can play the guitar, but _____ can't.
a.Theirs / ours b.My / your c.Our / theirs d.Yours /their
107
882. _____ is not clean _____ keyboard and mouse are not clean either.
a.The screen of the computer / Its b.The computer's screen / It c.The computer's screen / Their
d.The screen of the computer/Theirs
883.A: Is this cup _____ ? B: Yes, it is _____ .
a.his / it b.her / hers c.his / his d.yours / your
884.___ isn't at home now. He is at work.
a.My mother b.My aunt c.My sister d.My uncle
885.My ____ office is near our house.
a.mother b.mothers c.mother's d.mothers'
886.Germany is a very big country and __ capital city is Berlin.
a.our b.his c.its d.her
887.Jessica and________husband are on holiday in Paris.
a.his b.our c.her d.their
888.This is my cousin .________name is Rick.
a.My b.His c.Her d.Your
889.Dad isn't in________office now.________is at home.
a.his / He b.my/ She c.her/ His d.your/ It
890.A: ___ at the door? B: It is Jason.
a.Who is b.Whose is c.Who d.Whose
891.Sandra and________friends.________are twelve years old.
a.I am/ We b.I are/ We c.She is/ They d.her are / They
108
Answers 863-891
863-b,864-d,865-b,866-a,867-c,868-a,869-c,870-a,871-a,872-c,873-d,874-b,875-c,876-a,877-c,878-b,879-d,880-
b,881-c,882-a,883-c,884-d,885-c,886-c,887-c,888-b,889-a,890-a,891-b
109
Noun clauses
892.It is helpful to state _____ you are looking for economical, mediumpriced or luxury accommodation while
renting a house.
a.which b.how c.whatever d.what e.whether
893.They learn___________ transpires in Minnesota is related to events as far away as Eastern Europe.
a.what / that b.that / what c.the fact that / whom d.whether / who e.if / what
894._____ has been developed in his work is______under ideal conditions human numbers increase
geometrically.
a.What / how bWhether / why c.That / whose d.Which/that e.Who / how
895.The idea was to teach children_____ to read using the “whole word" method, based on recognizing words
by sight.
a.what b.whom c.whether d.why e.how
896.Micro-economic theory is usually introduced through an examination of the principles of demand and
supply and_____ prices are set.
a.whose b.how c.that d.why e.how many
896.I don’t think_____ developers should be permitted to build big hotels and tourist complexes in the most
beautiful places in your country.
a.what b.which c.where d.that e.whatever
897.Most of ____ we know is actually second-hand knowledge, information and insight that we obtain from
others.
a.whether b.when c.what d.that e.which
898.Non-interference is an abdication of the teacher's role and shows ignorance o f _____ can be done to
make learning more efficient
a.how b.whether c.what d.the fact that e.which
110
899._____ no decisions were made jointly, 25 per cent of spouses reported_____ they had problems with each
other.
a.Whether / if b.Whom / the fact that c.The fact that / whom d.Where/that
e.How / whether
900.____ I decide to have a long holiday,. an extra work that I have to do appears
a.Whatever b.However c.Which so ever d.Whenever e.Wherever
901.______the thieves have stolen is not known.
a.That b.Why c.What d.Whether e.If
902._____ it seems logical to do anything, do not show hesitation; do _____ you? wish.
a.Whenever / whatever b.Wherever / wherever c.Whomever / however
d.However / whatever e.Whenever / whichever
903.There, are too many freeways in this area; b u tt have no idea where we are going;. Choose _____ freeway
you think will, take us back, to San- Francisco;
a.whomever b.however c.whichever d.whenever e.wherever
904.We want to put out a tender and see _____ we can get back from the market to meet the needs.
a.whom b.that c.how much d.the fact that e.how
905._____ the burden will be shared is still subject to argument, as plans are to set renewable energy targets.
a.What b.Which c.How d.If e.How much
906._____ began as a routine training exercise almost ended in an embarrassing diplomatic incident after a
company of soldiers got lost.
a.Who b.Whether c.Which d.That e.What
907.It doesn't matter_____ his job history is, or_____ he may have been fired by every other campaign, you
can't judge him.
a.how / where b.whether / how c.what / whose d.that / why e.what / what
111
908.In the U.S;, workaholism remains _____ it's always been: the so-called “respectable addiction” _____ is
dangerous as any other.
a.that / that b.which/ what c.what / what d.whether / or e.what /who
909._____ problems she may have had there, it was clear to everyone that Tores’s situation was high-risk
from the start.
a.Whomever b.Whenever c.Whatever d.Wherever e.Whoever
910.We are proud of ____ we have accomplished and eagerly look forward to building ____ other excellent
ones as we move through the twenty-first century.
a.what/ how b.whom/why c.that/that d.when / the fact that e.where / whom
911.The thing that amazes me was______ the trivials were seen as the most important aspects in the
conference.
a.what b.when c.whom d.if e.how
912.The debate is no longer about_____ the current military-led regime will make its final exit but and how it
will do so.
a.that / who b.if /whom c.why / the fact that d.where / that e.whether / when
913.The idea_____those people in the exhibition were not interested in art was contradicted as they had
already been there several times.
a.which b.that c.where d.when e.why
914.We are responsible for____we are, and _____ we wish ourselves to be, we,have the power to make
ourselves.
a.who/ whoever b.why / whoever c.what / whichever d.where / whenever e.that / whoever
Answers 892-914
892-e,893-b,894-a,895-b,896-d,897-c,898-c,899-d,900-d,901-c,902-a,903-c,904-e,905-c,906-e,907-b,908-c,909-
c,910-a,911-e,912-e,913-e,914-a
112
Adverbs of frequency
915.I seldom visit my relatives, so I _____ see my uncle John.
a.usually b.almost never c.almost always
916.I’m never late for our English class. I’m _____ on time.
a.often b.usually c.always
917.James goes to the beach only once a year. He _____ goes to the beach.
a.almost never b.never c.sometimes
918.My sister often _____ a book in the evenings.
a.reads b.read c.is reading
919.I _____ eat junk food because I know it’s not very healthy.
a.always b.sometimes c.seldom
920. _____ we go to the gym to exercise, maybe two or three days a week.
a.Rarely b.Sometimes c.Always
921.They always _____ to bed early because they always get up early.
a.go b.will go c.goes
922.I went to a restaurant last week, but I _____ eat at home.
a.usually b.seldom c.always
923.It _____ snows where I live, so I never make a snowman.
a.sometimes b.never c.always
924.He almost never sees a doctor because he is _____ sick.
a.almost always b.usually c.seldom
113
925.I _____ study very hard, so I usually get high grades in school.
a.always b.rarely c.almost never
926.Andrea lives next door so we _____ see her.
a.never b.often c.rarely
927.We meet _____ at the Annual General Meeting.
a.never b.every day c.yearly
928.My doctor __________ .
a.yearly checks my health b.checks yearly my health c.checks my health yearly
929._____ we take the dog off his leash at the beach.
a.Sometimes b.Never c.Rarely
930.My sister __________ two days of school in a row.
a.often has missed b.has missed often c.has often missed
931.My boyfriend and I take vacations together quite _____ .
a.never b.hardly c.frequently
932.I don't earn much because I __________ .
a.never went to college b.went never to college c.went to college never
Answers 915-932
915-b,916-c,917-a,918-a,919-c,920-b,921-a,922-a,923-b,924-c,925-a,926-b,927-c,928-c,929-a,930-c,931-c,932-a
114
Conditionals
933.If I _____ very busy tomorrow, I _____ to your birthday party. I'm so sorry.
a.won't be / could have come b.weren't / would come c.am not/will come
d.wasn't / would have come
934.I wish she _____ me know about her visit a few days earlier, so I _____ some arrangements at work.
a.has let / may be making b.would let / might be made c.lets/will be making
d.had let / could have made
935.If the Moon _____ between the Sun and the Earth,it _____ a solar eclipse.
a.has passed / would have caused b.had passed / will cause c.passes / causes
d.passed / may cause
936.If only we _____ a little money every month, but unfortunately, our income _____ hardly enough.
a.could save / is b.saved / will be c.can save / is d.had saved / will be
937.Make sure you ____ any noise if your brother _____ upstairs.
a.aren't making/ were studying b.shouldn't make/ had studied c.don't make/ is studying
d.aren't making/ studied
938.If you _____ the door open for me, I _____ to push the trolley in.
a.hold / could have tried b.are holding / have tried c.can hold / try d.will hold / will try
939.If there ..... any problems you need me to help you with, do not hesitate to tell me.
a.would have been b.should be c.were d.would be
940.We _____ a few dollars more and be happier now if we _____ our money on the tickets of that horrible
movie.
a.will have / wouldn't spend b.have had / aren't spending c.had / don't spend
d.would have / hadn't spent
115
941.Britain _____ so different from the rest of Europe if it _____ isolated from the continent
a.might not be/ weren't b.couldn't be/ hasn't been c.may not be / isn't
d.would not be / hasn't been
942.I'd rather our flat _____ so far from where I work, then I _____ so much time travelling every day.
a.wasn't / am not wasting b.weren't / wouldn't waste c.hadn't been / dont waste
d.isn't / wont waste
943.If they _____ to live here for the rest of their lives, they _____ a flat instead of paying rent.
a.are planning / had better buy b.would plan / had bought c.had planned / may buy
d.will plan / buy
944.If she _____ me before half past nine today, I _____ any questions she may have.
a.had called/ answered b.will call/ answer c.called / had answered d.calls/ can answer
945.The boss _____ very angry if you _____ the report by the end of the day.
a.won't be/ completed b.will be/ don't complete c.were/ had completed
d.had been / completed
946. If they _____ the overnight flight from Australia, they _____ tired when they arrive.
a.take/ will be b.took / would have been c.will take/ have been d.had taken / were
947.A: _____ I hear from you, you _____ me a ride to school tomorrow, won't you ? B:That's right.
a.If / would have given b.If only / could have given c.Unless / will give d.I wish / would give
948.If you _____ a rude person, _____ you still _____ calm and polite in front of him?
a.will meet/ can ... remain b.had met/ will ... remain c.meet/ would ... remain d.met / would ... remain
949.If we _____ the walls blue and white, the living room _____ much nicer .
a.would paint / looked b.had painted / will look c.painted / would look d.paint / had looked
116
950.She _____ to the school play if it _____ on Friday night.
a.had come/ would have been b.came/ would be c.will come/ were d.would have come/ had been
951.If you _____ late, you _____ your plane to Brazil.
a.wouldn't have been I had missed b.weren't/ won't miss c.aren't/ wouldn't miss
d.hadn't been/ wouldn't have missed
952.If I _____ you were coming, I _____ you up from the train station.
a.would know/ could pick b.had known / would have picked c.know/ would pick
d.knew/ could have picked
953.I really wish the phone _____ ringing.We _____ twenty calls so far this morning.
a.would stop / have had b.could stop / have c.can stop / are having
d.would have stopped / will have
954.If the cat _____ on the table, it _____ my mother'sflower vase.
a.will jump / breaks b.jumps / may break c.jumped / would be broken
d.had jumped / would have been broken
955.If my grandfather were younger, he _____ running every single day.
a.would go b.can't go c.could have gone d.hadn't gone
956.If only you _____ yesterday; then you would have seen my brother and his family.
a.were coming b.have come c.came d.had come
957.If we __ friends, I __ angry with you.
a.were / wasn't b.weren't / was c.were / will be d.weren't / would be
958.Liz would be promoted ___ so late for work.
a.if she was b.unless she weren't c.unless she were d.if she were
117
959.___ around the world if you __ the lottery?
a.Would you travel / would win b.Would you travel / won c.Did you travel / would win
d.Did you travel / won
960.Sheila ___ more money if she __ _ so many clothes.
a.would have / didn't buy b.would have/ bought c.wouldn't have/ would buy
d.wouldn't have / wouldn't buy
961.The weather is terrible and it's still raining. I wish________.
a.it didn't stop raining b.it stopped raining c.it was an awful weather
d.it wasn't sunny and hot
962.What ___ if a millionaire ___ you to marry him or her?
a.would you do / would ask b.would you do / asked c.did you do / would ask
d.did you do/ asked
963.___ a car. He would drive me to school.
a.If only dad doesn't have b.I wish dad has c.If only dad had d.I wish dad didn't have
964. If people ___ TV sets at home, they ___ more time on interesting things.
a.would have / spent b.had / didn't spend c.wouldn't have/ would spend
d.didn't have/ would spend
965.I wish ___ English with tourists. Unfortunately I can't.
a.I can speak b.I couldn't speak c.I didn't speak d.I could speak
966.___ his room, he wouldn't find anything there.
a.Unless Fred tidies b.Unless Fred tidied c.If Fred doesn't tidy d.If Fred tidies
967.If you ________more positively, you________.
a.thought / would succeed b.would think/ wouldn't succeed c.think/ succeeded
118
d.didn't think / didn't succeed
968.Sam was very rude to Clara. If ___ , I would apologise her for being rude.
a.I were you b.I were him c.I weren't you d.I weren't him
969.If you lent me some money, I ___ you back tomorrow.
a.would pay b.will pay c.pay d.paid
970.Pam ___ with me again if I forget her birthday. So please remind me!
a.speaks b.doesn't speak c.will speak d.won't speak
971.If you ________your ice cream in the fridge, it________.
a.will put / will melt b.won't put / melts c.put / will melt d.don't put / melts
972.___ if you see her this evening?
a.Do you ask Cathy to come to my party b.Will you ask Cathy to come to my party
c.Does Cathy come to my party d.Ask Cathy to come to my party
973.If ___ , we won't catch the bus.
a.we leave now b.we don't leave now c.we will leave now d.we won't leave now
974.What ___ Sam do if he ___ the job?
a.does / will get b.does / gets c.will / won't get d.will / doesn't get
975.You ___ a passport if you ___ to travel abroad.
a.will need / wanted b.will need / will want c.need / want d.need / will want
976.If you ___ to go out, I ___ dinner at home.
a.want / cook b.don't want / cook c.don't want / will cook d.want / will cook
119
977.We ___ late if we________
a.are / will hurry b.are / won't hurry c.will be / hurry d.will be / don't hurry
978.John ________very upset unless he ________ this exam.
a.gets / won't pass b.gets / will pass c.will get / doesn't pass d.will get / passes
979.I can't check my mails________.
a.if the computer crashes down b.if the computer doesn't crash down
c.unless the computer doesn't crash down d.unless the computer crashes down
980.Sandra ___ completely different if ___ her hair.
a.doesn't look / she will cut b.looks / he will cut c.will look / she cuts
d.won't look / he cuts
981.If he _____ me tomorrow, I _____ some difficulty doing the work on my own.
a.weren’t to help / would have b.doesn’t help / would have had c.shouldn’t help / would have had
d.wouldn’t help / had e.didn't help / will have
982.If the primary candidates_____more on the issues, the results of the election_____ quite different.
a.had focused / would have been b.have focused / would be c.focused / can be
d.were focused / would have been e.will focus / could have been
983.A: "Are you going to the theatre tomorrow?" B: “No, but I wish I _____ .”
a.had b.did c.am d.were e.will
984.If there is ever another earthquake next year, this building _____ it because it was built according to the
new earthquake regulations.
a.had better withstand b.might have withstood c.is to withstand
d.whould withstand e.could have withstood
120
985.She and her boyfriend_____married now if only she _____ a scholarship to have an academic degree in
the USA.
a.will be / wouldn’t have got b.are / hasn’t got c.could be / wouldn’t get
d.would be / hadn’t got e.should be / hasn't got
986.If you_____ in a house, perhaps with a garage that has room for storing a telescope, then a larger
instrument _____ you well.
a.live / may serve b.lived / might serve c.were living / should serve
d.had lived / could have served e.had been living / would serve
987.He plays the piano so well. I wish I ______it well, too.
a.can play b.have played c.could play d.should play e.could have played
988.I’m sorry I mentioned it to him. I wish I ______so.
a.didn't do b.wouldn't have done c.couldn’t have done d.shouldn’t have done
e.hadn't done
989.You are very lucky. I wish I _____ you.
a.would be b.would have been c.could be d.were e.have been
990.You still stand without doing anything. I wish you_______ as you are told.
a.should do b.must do c.could do d.should have done e.would do
991.Before you know where you are, you will realize that some of your best friends are living in the past, or at
least wishing that they_____ .
a.had been b.were c.would be d.could be e.have been
992.If she ____ the national lottery, she _____ in a town on the South coast.
a.has won / would have lived b.wins / has lived c.wins / lived
d.won / would live e.wins / lives
121
993.Few men may realize it, but if they _____ problems achieving or sustaining erections, it _____ underlying
heart trouble
a.are having / may signal b.had / might signal c.were having / signalled
d.had had / might have signaled e.had / could have signalled
994.If you were not busy tomorrow I __ you to go on a picnic with us.
a.will invite b.invited c.would invite
995.I think my teacher would be upset if I ___ a day of class.
a.miss b.would miss c.missed
996.___ you care for a full explanation, you may call any day between 10 and 11 a.m.
a.Should b.Could c.Would
997.It's absolutely ___ necessary that they the job on time. Otherwise they would be given an enormous fine.
a.would complete b.should complete c.should have completed
998.It is important that he ___ the entire truth however unpleasant it might be.
a.knew b.would know c.should know
999.My husband would have been mad at me if I ___ his tools in their proper place.
a.wouldn't have put b.hadn't put c.didn't put
1000.It might have been somebody he knew and wasn't afraid of, otherwise he ___ unawares, would he?
a.wouldn't be caught b.shouldn't have been caught c.wouldn't have been caught
1001.Jeremy suggested they ___ sightseeing on the very first day of their arrival in Tokyo.
a.went b.should go c.could go
1002.Herald ___ us Christmas greetings if he knew our address in Glasgow.
a.would have sent b.would send c.sent
122
1003.Sara didn't pay any attention to what I had told her to do. Oh, if she ___ my advice!
a.took b.had taken c.would have taken
1004.The situation seems totally out of control. I wish there ___ a way out!
a.be b.had been c.were
1005.I don't feel like going out tonight. I'd rather ___ at home.
a.would stay b.stay c.stayed
1006.Why aren't you listening to me? If only you ___ how important it is!
a.realized
b.would have realized
c.had realized
1007.If he ___ rich, he would buy a new car and would ask Kathy to go out with him.
a.is b.had been c.were
1008.I'd rather you ___ me with washing up. There are a lot of dirty dishes in the sink.
a.should have b.help c.helped
Answers 933-1008
933-b,934-d,935-c,936-a,937-c,938-d,939-b,940-d,941-a,942-b,943-a,944-d,945-b,946-a,947-c,948-d,949-c,950-
d,951-d,952-b,953-a,954-b,955-a,956-d,957-d,958-c,959-b,960-a,961-b,962-b,963-c,964-d,965-d,966-b,967-
a,968-b,969-a,970-d,971-d,972-b,973-b,974-d,975-c,976-c,977-d,978-d,979-d,980-c,981-a,982-a,983-d,984-
c,985-d,986-a,987-c,988-e,989-d,990-e,991-b,992-d,993-a,994-c,995-c,996-a,997-b,998-c,999-b,1000-c,1001-
b,1002-a,1003-b,1004-c,1005-b,1006-a,1007-c,1008-c
123
Phrasal verbs 3
1009.I have to ---- my notes once again to make sure I have learned all important details before the exam.
a.stand for b.put up with c.take after d.pull down e.go over
1010.My check-up results indicate that I have to ---- all my bad habits at once.
a.keep on b.let down c.give up d.put across e.bring up
1011.We haven't been able to decide on who is going to ---- our baby while we are on the business trip next
week.
a.fall out b.come to c.get by d.look after e.go on
1012.Today, there is a tendency in our culture to ---- the people who haven't been to a university.
a.take off b.show off c.turn over d.look down on e.run out
1013.The soldier will be brought to trial because he is thought to have ---- state secrets to the enemy.
a.backed up b.given away c.broken out d.turned off e.run over
1014.In order not to lose its market share, our company must ---- the latest technological developments.
a.hold up b.drop in c.fall apart d.wear out e.keep up with
1015.It is obvious that the new law has ---- some revolutionary changes in the current tax system but there
are still some points to be revised.
a.brought about b.broken away c.taken in d.pulled out e.come at
1016.If it weren't for the loan I got from the bank, it would have been impossible for me to ---- my own
business.
a.set up b.cross out c.drop off d.take down e.throw up
1017.Though he loved his fiancée very much, the boy acted in accordance with his parent's wishes and ----
with her.
a.set out b.turned out c.made up d.broke up e.looked in
124
1018.The fact that the inflation rate has ---- in recent months indicates that the government isn't following a
reliable economic policy
a.put forward b.come down with c.given off d.gone up e.put out
1019.I wonder if you’d help me to ______ some anti-nuclear power leaflets this weekend, Jim?
a.give out b.give over c.give in d.give off
1020.I’ll ______ in my car on the way to work.
a.take you out b.bring you up c.let you off d.pick you up
1021.They ______ us just because we’re poor.
a.look down at b.look down for c.look down on d.look down over
1022.We look ______ to receiving a prompt reply to our letter.
a.round b.through c.after d.forward
1023.My wife ______ a squirrel on her way to work this morning.
a.ran over b.ran up c.ran out of d.ran off
1024.I can hardly hear that radio. Could you ______ (increase/raise) the volume please.
a.put up b.switch on c.give out d.turn up
1025.I think your essay would be much better if you cut ______ these two lines here.
a.in b.through c.off d.out
1026.I’d ask you to marry me but I’m sure you’d turn me ______.
a.around b.down c.off d.off
1027.I’m pretty tired so if you don’t mind, I’ll ______ for the night.
a.hold on b.work on c.work out d.turn in
125
1028.Before you go to bed don’t forget to ______ all the lights.
a.turn over b.turn away c.turn out d.turn in
1029.The children were playing the new teacher ______.
a.along b.down c.in d.up
1030.We’ll have to sell the piano, darling. It ______ (occupies) too much room.
a.makes out b.takes up c.takes away d.fills in
1031.Most schools in England ______ at the end of July.
a.break up b.break down c.break off d.break with
1032.It’s a great shame that you ______ with each other as you used to be such good friends.
a.came out b.fell out c.set out d.turned out
1033.We live in a friendly community and everyone ______ each other very well.
a.gets on with b.gets up to c.gets out of d.gets down to
1034.How are you ______ your studies? Do you feel that you are making headway?
a.getting down to b.getting ahead of c.getting on with d.get up to
1035.I’ve just heard that they’re ______ (increasing/raising) my rent at the end of next month.
a.turning up b.taking up c.putting up d.holding up
1036.A: Who was on the phone? B: I don’t know. He ______ before I could ask.
a.hold back b.rang off c.got down d.went off
1037.The battery has run ______.
a.down b.out c.out d.about
126
1038.My father was called ______ halfway through the Second World War.
a.in b.over c.up d.off
1039.Do you think you could ______ these figures for me, just to make sure they’re correct.
a.check over b.check off c.check in d.check through
1040.I hope the weather will ______ before we leave for Brighton.
a.clear off b.go off c.clear up d.go away
1041.Help yourself to an apple. I think there are enough to ______.
a.hand in b.go round c.have on d.fix up
1042.It looks as if the weather is beginning to ______ at last.
a.clear off b.clear out c.clear away d.clear up
1043.It must be spring; the leaves have started ______ (appearing) on all the trees in the park.
a.breaking up b.bringing up c.coming out d.coming down
1044.The government may be hiding the facts now, but they are bound to ______ sooner or later.
a.come back b.come in c.come out d.come up
1045.I’m afraid you’ve signed the agreement now, Mr. Blake. It’s too late to back ______ it.
a.out of b.away from c.away with d.down to
1046.How did you managed to come ______ even without a scratch?
a.round b.out with c.off d.through
1047.I took ______ tennis again at the beginning of this year.
a.on b.with c.by d.up
127
1048.Until I repay my bank loan, I’ll have to ______ my living expenses.
a.call off b.cut down on c.get round d.turn down
1049.If you want to lose weight, you should ______ the number of sweets and chocolates you eat.
a.come down with b.take out of c.cut down on d.watch out for
1050.He drew all his money ________ the bank before he left.
a.of b.off c.out of d.to
1051.A: Where do you want me to ______ you ______ Jane? B: Outside the station, if its all right.
a.take / off b.bring / off c.drop / off d.leave / off
1052.Mr. Brown still hadn’t faced ______ the fact that they’re never going to make him Assistant Manager.
a.up to b.down in c.on in d.round to
1053.After a lot of persuasion, he finally agreed to fall ______ our plans.
a.across to b.down in c.in with d.up to
1054.The Prime Minister had difficulty in ______ his message to the nation.
a.getting through b.getting across c.getting out d.getting on
1055.It is difficult to get ______ people how dangerous smoking is to their health.
a.down in b.in at c.across to d.in with
1056.I hear they are going to ______ the old Variety Theatre at the end of George street.
a.pull away b.pull out c.pull up d.pull down
1057.The unknown substance was giving ______ an unpleasant smell.
a.out b.up c.over d.off
128
1058.What have you been getting ______ recently? - Oh nothing much.
a.through to b.out of c.over d.up to
1059.If she hadn’t given him ______ ,the police would never have found him.
a.away b.for c.in d.off
1060.I think your essay would be much better if you cut ______ these two lines here.
a.in b.through c.off d.out
Answers 1009-1060
1009-e,1010-c,1011-d,1012-d,1013-b,1014-e,1015-a,1016-a,1017-d,1018-d,1019-a,1020-d,1021-c,1022-d,1023-
a,1024-d,1025-d,1026-b,1027-d,1028-c,1029-d,1030-b,1031-a,1032-b,1033-a,1034-c,1035-c,1036-b,1037-b,1038-
c,1039-a,1040-c,1041-b,1042-d,1043-c,1044-c,1045-a,1046-d,1047-d,1048-b,1049-c,1050-c,1051-c,1052-a,1053-
c,1054-b,1055-c,1056-d,1057-d,1058-d,1059-a,1060-d
129
Determiners
1061.He is an expert on languages, but he knows ---- about mathematics.
a.few b.little c.a lot of d.several
1062. I don’t think there will be a severe shortage of usable water because there was ---- rain fall yesterday.
a.little b.few c.any d.a lot of
1063.Unfortunately, I have ---- talent for music although I have always wanted to be a famous singer.
a.little b.few c.a few d.plenty of
1064.There were ---- people at the meeting earlier but most of them left early so there aren't many left now.
a.little b.few c.much d.several
1065.Although she thought she knew ---- of the subject, the teacher asked a few details she hardly
remembered.
a.several b.much c.many d.any
1066.---- people enjoy the performance of the theater company but I don't think it is a successful one.
a.Much b.Several c.Every d.No
1067.I had to live in Paris and Madrid for many years because of my business but I don't like ---- city much.
a.all b.whole c.either d.neither
1068.Both players in the tennis match have been warned by the referee but ---- of them seems to take it
seriously.
a.none b.either c.every d.neither
1069.In my country, ---- universities offer a wide range of courses. That's why they are preferred by foreign
students as well.
a.every b.each c.a great deal of d.most
130
1070.The vocabulary list had been memorized by ---- of the students and each one scored over 80 percent on
the exam.
a.every b.all c.a little d.the whole
1071.The Amazon in Brazil is ---- longest river in ---- South America.
a.the / - b.- / the c.- / - d.the / the e.a / the
1072.Last summer we went on ---- cruise in the Caribbean. Among ---- Islands we visited were Bermuda and
the Bahamas.
a.- / the b.a / the c.the / an d.the / - e.- / -
1073.We could barely get any information at the airport. ---- people seemed to have ---- idea about the flights.
a.Many / any b.A lot of / any c.Only a few / some d.Few / no e.Any / no
1074.---- teachers prefer a class that is fairly consistent in having pupils of the same level.
a.Each b.Every c.Neither d.Whole e.Most
1075.---- of what he said was very sensible.
a.Many b.Much c.A few d.Few e.Every
1076.---- drawings is different.
a.Each one of the b.Very few c.Every d.All of e.None
1077.The report concludes sadly that ---- students have ---- knowledge of nuclear physics.
a.some / a lot of b.both / whole c.none / any d.every / no e.very few / some
1078.---- his friends speaks any English.
a.Both of b.Some c.All d.Many e.Neither of
1079.Very ---- people fly just because of terrorist activities.
a.little b.much c.many d.few
131
1080.Johnny is a keen player but unfortunately he has ---- skills.
a.few b.none c.some d.little
1081.If we don't move faster, we'll miss our transfer to Munich. There isn't ----- time to waste.
a.little b.any c.many d.few
1082.Unfortunately, I haven't got ---- time for watching TV.
a.few b.no c.much d.little
1083.You can buy these maps at ---- station. They all have them.
a.a lot of b.several c.some d.any
1084.If you have ---- questions, I'm ready to answer.
a.little b.any c.much d.plenty
1085.I didn't have ---- trouble getting the passports. I only had a problem with my photo because it was an
old one.
a.much b.any c.no d.several
1086.There is ---- water left, so drink only if you must.
a.some b.little c.few d.much
1087.There isn't ---- point at all in getting upset about it.
a.few b.several c.any d.many
1088.---- coat will do. It doesn't need to be a raincoat.
a.Little b.No c.Any d.Few
1089.We saw _____ positive results from our investigation on aggressive human breast cancer cells.
a.the number of b.quite a few c.a good deal d.lots e.many a
132
1090.Astronomers suggest that there are two separate universes, one made out of matter, our own, and
_____made out of antimatter.
a.the other b.another c.other d.others e.each
1091.There are issues that needed______ attention before the disaster.
a.a great deal of b.a great many c.several of d.many e.the number of
1092.With those scrutinising the election saying they found_____ widespread evidence of vote-rigging, there
would seem to b e_____ chance of the result being reversed.
a.a little / many b.plenty / none c.no / little d.every/much e.a lot of/none
1093.Under torture a person will say_____ his captors want to hear.
a.something b.whichever c.anything d.nothing e.each other
1094._____ of the past three recessions has been successively weaker and shorter as policy missteps have
lessened.
a.Every b.One c.Some d.The other e.Each
1095.How does one go about making sure adults discharge responsibilities when they a re _____ unaware of
what _____ can do?
a.theirs / they b.themselves / they c.they / theirs d.them / he e.us / we
1096.In the play, the two players cannot see or hear_____ , but they are seated at interconnected computers
a.each other b.one another c.themselves d.another e.the others
1097.He asked me _____ questions every _____minutes.
a.several / many b.the number of / other c.less / a few d.many / one another
e.a number of / few
1098.The infection can spread easily in a school, where many young live in close proximity to _____
a.one another b.themselves c.another d.the other e.others
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1099.Eating healthy tomatoes is only one small way to take care of_____ , ' community and the planet.
a.yours / mine b.themselves / my c.me / his d.yourself / your e.them / theirs
1100.Rescue efforts resumed in Beichuan, after_____ entire city was evacuated amid fears that it could be
engulfed by a river bursting_____ banks.
a.the / its b.- / themselves c.an / their d.the / their e.the / our
1101.Radiation doesn't cause less DNA damage in cancer stem cells than in ______tumor cells.
a.other b.others c.the others d.another e.every
1102.The experts use _____ different strategies to convince parents to send children back to school
a.the number of b.a number of c.a great deal of d.a great amount of
e.a good quantity of
1103.As China and America____ draw up military budgets w ith _____ in mind, there is the threat of a
growing mutual suspicion that will be hard to ratchet down.
a.each / the other b.both / themselves c.the other / the others
d.neither / others e.either / each other
1104.As for George Bush's calls for democracy in the wider Middle East, _____ Americans thought this was a
good idea, but_____ thought it would succeed.
a.most / few b.several / all c.many / a lot of d.plenty of / a great deal
e.few / no
1105.____ which feels that the worm will help in securing the system while _____ is of the opinion that a
worm is a worm after all and has to be eradicated.
a.Some / others b.One / the other c.Few / other d.Many / another
e.One / other
1106.As a child grows older, he becomes more convinced that science could do _____ or nothing to explain the
world of spirituality.
a.few b.little c.some d.a few e.a little
134
1107.The artists of the Spanish Market work with many different kinds of materials. _____ weave cloth on
looms. ____make their own pottery or carve objects out of bone.
a.All/None b.Most/Half c.Whole/Others d.Many/The other e.Some/Others
1108.It is true that we, all nations, live elbow to elbow with______ all the way from the Caspian Sea to the
western end of the Mediterranean.
a.another b.each others c.the other d.other e.one another
1109.Some people with depression may have thoughts about hurting themselves o r _____ , and they may
even think about killing_____ .
a.the others / themselves b.other / them c.others / themselyes d.anothers / theirs
e.others / theirs
1110.The merits of ensuring that the world’s poorest have access to the internet are questionable— ______
say it can help lift them out of poverty, ______that the impact is marginal.
a.most / a great many b.the whole / others c.none / the others
d.some/others e.each / other
Answers 1061-1110
1061-b,1062-d,1063-a,1064-d,1065-b,1066-b,1067-c,1068-d,1069-d,1070-b,1071-a,1072-b,1073-c,1074-e,1075-
b,1076-a,1077-e,1078-e,1079-d,1080-a,1081-b,1082-c,1083-d,1084-b,1085-a,1086-b,1087-c,1088-c,1089-b,1090-
a,1091-a,1092-c,1093-c,1094-e,1095-b,1096-a,1097-e,1098-a,1099-d,1100-a,1101-a,1102-b,1103-a,1104-a,1105-
b,1106-b,1107-e,1108-e,1109-c,1110-e
135
Advanced vocabulary
1111. _____ population growth in less developed countries is widely regarded as a major obstacle to their
material progress and a major global economic and political problem.
a.Timely b.Hasty c.Leisurely d.Rapid e.Retarded
1112.The recent rapid increase in population in less developed countries reflects a _____ fall in mortality.
a.steep b.superficial c.shrewd d.tight e.tame
1113.Thomas Malthus predicted in the late 18th century that world population would inevitably rise above
the ability of the land to nourish it, and that the result would be mass _____ and war.
a.controversy b.avoidance c.starvation d.pollution e.sarcasm
1114.The population problem has global _____ , but action to cope with it is mainly a national responsibility.
a.penalties b.attitudes c.diameters d.legends e.dimensions
1115.Providing structures, facilities and services, and coping with unemployment, pollution, congestion,
crime and social alienation are formidable _____ .
a.treasures b.triumphs c.festivities d.challenges e.satisfactions
1116.The Ministry of Agriculture experts cannot _____ when the new technology will arrive or how it will
affect international commerce in foodstuffs.
a.predict b.combat c.delay d.admit e.offend
1117.In the last 40 years alone, modern farming methods have _____ or even tripled yields per land unit for
major food grains such as wheat, rice and corn.
a.aroused b.multiplied c.quadrupled d.doubled e.saluted
1118.To many people in industrialized countries, with their incomparably more _____ populations, food is
something that comes from the supermarket; agriculture is a dusty and mysterious process of interest only to
a group of people known as farmers.
a.affluent b.impoverished c.imperfect d.inferior e.modest
136
1119.In some cases the more prosperous groups have been relatively recent immigrants, who mostly came in
empty-handed but were _____ , ambitious, energetic, and resourceful.
a.tangible b.industrious c.exaggerated d.talkative e.feeble
1120.Another development has been the scientific-technological industrial revolution which has since World
War II changed social and environmental _____ so rapidly that many persons have lost their traditional role
in society.
a.settlements b.impressions c.penetrations d.prayers e.conditions
1121.Biology has much to tell us about our nature and our origins -- though, admittedly, not too much about
the reasons for our _____ .
a.occurence b.guaranties c.existence d.contentment e.unwillingness
1122.This is legitimate investigation of reproductive biology, indispensible for birth control on the one hand
and treatment of infertility on the other, with a more _____ possibility that it can contribute to efforts to
prevent genetic defects.
a.ancestral b.insane c.exhaustible d.remote e.hysterical
1123.Evolution, along with other theories and discoveries in biology, seems to _____ the materialist position.
a.humiliate b.accumulate c.degrade d.reinforce e.suffocate
1124.Chemical companies are speculating that the next _____ of chemicals will come, not from petroleum,
but from genetically engineered plants.
a.contractions b.contamination c.generation d.confrontation e.shortage
1125.The days when the farmer produced almost everything the farm needed from potatoes to pork, kept
what was _____ and sold the rest, are long gone.
a.necessary b.necessarily c.needy d.necessity e.needless
1126.Even with the recent succession of better-than-average harvests, world food reserves today _____ only
19 percent of annual world consumption.
a.mediate b.purchase c.frustrate d.cancel e.equal
137
1127.Developing countries are becoming increasingly _____ on food imports from two countries - the United
States and Canada.
a.negligible b.conventional c.impartial d.dependent e.near-sighted
1128.In a speech he made today, the President of Passagonia advocated the .............. of nuclear arms and said
that his country was ready for "urgent and effective measures to .............. the arms race."
a.expansion / hinder b.propulsion / end c.escalation / curtail
d.acceleration / stop e.elimination / curb
1129.The traditional bonds that exist between the two countries, as well as the mutual respect they hold for
one another, will _____ a firm basis for further development of their economic ties.
a.compromise b.compensate c.contribute d.constitute e.capitulate
1130.If you can do without the few _____ pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with
the best that life has to offer.
a.rational b.pastoral c.humorous d.scornful e.satiric
1131.They were, in fact, having such a good time on their little desert island that -- when a passing tanker
rescued them a few days later -- both men were _____ sorry that they had to leave.
a.outwardly b.repulsively c.reluctantly d.ambiguously e.genuinely
1132.Inviting the fire-brigade to put out an imaginary, non-existent fire is a crude form of deception which no
_____ person would ever indulge in.
a.self-conscious b.self-respecting c.self-indulgent d.self-sacrificing e.self-confident
1133.He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in _____ in 1993.
a.rags and riches b.severity and pain c.wealth and health d.rigidity and fear
e.poverty and obscurity
1134.City born and city bred, I have always _____ the country as something you look at through a train
window, as somewhere you occasionally visit during a weekend.
a.derived from b.dominated c.evacuated d.regarded e.concerned
138
1135.These sentimentalists fail to mention the long and friendless winter evenings which are only interrupted
by a(n) _____ visit to the local cinema -- virtually the sole form of entertainment.
a.occasional b.sophisticated c.steady d.retrospective e.apathetic
1136.Three days after the disappearance of their ever so precious little dog, the family received a(n) _____
note, stating that it was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if a ransom of a zillion liras was
paid.
a.authentic b.anomalous c.illiterate d.anonymous e.illegible
1137.In the 1960's, certain cults imported from the Far East _____ great popularity and had great numbers
of followers especially among the young.
a.enjoyed b.represented c.obeyed d.reproduced e.sheltered
1138.We often read in novels how a(n) _____ respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has
been concealed from strangers for years: it is often called "a skeleton in the cupboard".
a.seemingly b.improperly c.improbably d.instinctively e.suspiciously
1139.People become quite _____ when it comes to discussing what can be eaten and what cannot.
a.illogical b.illiterate c.illegible d.illegal e.illegitimate
1140.In their efforts to _____ us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human
nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.
a.proclaim b.persuade c.publicize d.pursue e.praise
1141. _____ it may be just possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely
difficult to estimate the true value of the services that people perform for us.
a.In spite of b.Accordingly c.However d.While e.Nevertheless
1142.He has _____ chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the possible consequences.
a.pitifully b.deliberately c.eternally d.unknowingly e.impotently
1143.Some ______ "modern" pieces of sculpture have been on display in public places for at least a hundred
years.
a.heroic b.self-conscious c.so-called d.incredible e.unfounded
139
1144.Gone -- but ______ forgotten.
a.by all means b.by everyone c.by fate d.by no means e.by common consent
1145.Being considered a hardened criminal, I failed to find any character witness to testify on my behalf. The
jury simply believed that I could never be _____ by any such feelings of guilt.
a.investigated b.imprisoned c.empowered d.compensated e.troubled
1146.Chinese internet censors were reported in yesterday's press as _____ their grip on foreign political
websites. As for the local ones, well, nobody dares start one anyway...
a.loosening b.unlocking c.hacking d.disordering e.downloading
1147.The security forces knew it would not prove difficult to _____ the culprits in such a small village.
a.witness to b.rush into c.trace down d.refrain from e.conjure up
1148.Radio telescopes have one big advantage over _____ ones in that they can operate in all weather
conditions. They can also pick up signals coming from very distant stars.
a.vigorous b.remote c.graduated d.calibrated e.conventional
1149.Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to _____ the attention of millions of people in
many novel ways.
a.inhibit b.capture c.acquaint d.surrender e.inhabit
1150.Suspended from the ceiling, these spheres had been _____ , so that they attracted or repelled one
another all the time.
a.pressurized b.crystallized c.juxtaposed d.suspended e.magnetized
1151.No _____ journalist would ever stoop to fabricating or distorting his news for political or financial gain.
a.self-conscious b.self-respecting c.self-indulgent d.self-sacrificing e.self-governing
1152.The _____ "biological revolution" happens to have come along at precisely the same moment we are all
caught up in what has been called a "crisis in values".
a.deliberate b.punctual c.current d.continuous e.disapproved
140
1153.Other scientists are quick to point out that we need not only better maps of genes, but a better
understanding of the _____ between genes as well.
a.definitions b.substitutes c.confirmations d.conquests e.connections
1154.It has been said that we live in a period of the greatest change ever _____ by humankind -- a change
that is powered by the engine of science and technology.
a.endangered b.interchanged c.domesticated d.experienced e.recommended
1155.During the 1960's, some developing countries became _____ concerned about negative impacts of
technology transfer involving multinational corporations.
a.improbably b.increasingly c.instantaneously d.reciprocally e.gigantically
1156.The new international economic order should, in the developing countries, mean measures to help the
poor become more productive and to _____ minimum human needs for food and nutrition, health care
(including family planning services), education, skills, and productive jobs.
a.crush b.pollute c.overlook d.satisfy e.exploit
1157.As nonrenewable sources, specifically petroleum and natural gas, become scarcer and more expensive,
new attention is being focused on green plants as a(n) _____ energy supply.
a.alternative b.luminous c.affectionate d.slippery e.deliberate
1158.We must come up with a new _____ to the old debate about nature versus nurture, or genetic make-up
versus environmental influences.
a.deception b.approach c.fidelity d.donation e.interruption
1159.It is not surprising, therefore, that some anthropologists define the human _____ on the basis of tool-
using and tool-making, or to be more exact, tool-dependency.
a.snobbery b.suitability c.representation d.species e.emphasis
1160.Only over the past few decades have we come to understand how surprisingly much of what we do may
be _____ by the kind of creatures we are and especially by the information stored in our genes.
a.swollen b.influenced c.avoided d.enlarged e.gestured
141
1161.Scientists have become increasingly _____ with the fact that genes not only govern physical
characteristics but they also play a large role in behaviour.
a.critical b.impressed c.indistinct d.specialized e.generalized
1162.Most biologists now recognize that it is virtually impossible to separate the _____ genetic from the
_____ environmental influences.
a.purely b.regrettably c.malignantly d.popularly e.majestically
1163.He had travelled only twenty miles into the desert when his vehicle developed engine trouble. There was
no immediate help available and he had to _____ from the race.
a.retreat b.detour c.deviate d.defeat e.withdraw
1164.Aggressiveness, which we may think of as the violent expression of extreme selfishness, is relatively
simple to explain in evolutionary _____ .
a.texts b.books c.words d.lectures e.terms
1165.I'm _____ of seeing your stupid face around all the time.
a.sick and tired b.loving and fond c.jealous and angry d.displeased and disappointed
e.bored and bothered
1166.The generation _____ seems to be getting bigger and bigger in our day and age.
a.division b.partition c.gap d.separation e.isolation
1167.I _____ you my bottom dollar that they'll manage to get here anyway.
a.offer b.risk to c.receive from d.hand over to e.bet
1168.The news of a new and more serious breach of the ceasefire received here last night has now been _____
a.consented b.observed c.nodded d.confirmed e.accomplished
1169.You'll have to learn to control your _____ if you still want to work here with us.
a.mind b.temper c.reason d.habit e.mentality
142
1170.Please _____ your papers in half before you hand them in.
a.bend b.turn c.wrap d.crease e.fold
1171.Despite all his efforts in the final stages of the race, there wasn't in fact much _____ he could do to
change the inevitable.
a.finished b.forgotten c.left d.completed e.lost
1172.He says he used to _____ much more than that in his previous job.
a.inherit b.win c.gain d.earn e.acquire
1173.I didn't say I didn't like it. It just doesn't _____ my waist properly.
a.fit b.match c.look good on d.go well with e.suit
1174.Will you kindly not _____ me again till I've finished!
a.interrupt b.interview c.interfere d.interpret e.intervene
1175.I have some wonderful news to _____ you.
a.speak b.say c.tell d.talk e.communicate
1176.The whole discussion was pointless. I got so _____ with their endless quarelling that I left the hall long
before the meeting ended.
a.bored b.borne c.reborn d.boring e.boredom
1177.He came in as quietly as he could _____ not to wake the children.
a.because of b.so as c.although d.whether or e.almost
1178. _____ off the ground _____ the work was resumed.
a.Whether or not was the frost / because b.That the frost was / when c.Despite the frost was / then
d.No sooner was the frost / than e.As soon as the frost was / as
1179. _____ this country is currently enjoying a rapidly expanding market, we can offer unique competitive
prices, _____ keeping the highest quality.
a.Owing to the fact that / while b.Although / we are c.When / we have been
143
d.It is no wonder that / at the same time e.Because / and
1180.He's going _____ this afternoon.
a.having cut his hair b.to have cut his hair c.his hair to have cut
d.to having to cut his hair e.to have his hair cut
1181.Ali regretted the whole affair. He was thinking that those words _____ .
a.would rather be spoken b.had better not to be spoken c.had spoken by mistake
d.had better not have been spoken e.mistakenly spoken
1182.If it hadn't been for their help, we _____ here now.
a.aren't b.wouldn't have been c.wouldn't be d.have to be e.are
1183. _____ you are a married man, you'll have a lot more responsibilities from now on.
a.Consequently b.Even c.Resulting from d.Now that e.Besides
1184.What did you think of the film _____ ?
a.that you saw it last week b.if you saw last week c.last week you saw it
d.you did see it last week e.you saw last week
1185. _____ two months camping in the mountains, he came back healthier than ever.
a.Having spent b.Having been spent c.Being spent d.Spending e.While spending
1186.If only _____ blurted out those words, none of this would've happened.
a.I will not have b.I hadn't c.I have not d.not e.it is not
1187.Yes, I know you're tired this morning; but, if you'd stayed at home instead of going to that stupid party,
you _____ to bed so late.
a.wouldn't go b.didn't go c.hadn't gone d.wouldn't've gone e.would have gone
1188.It must have been an interesting performance. I would like _____ it, too. I'm sorry I missed it.
a.to be seeing b.to have seen c.to see d.to have been seen e.to have been seeing
144
1189.In the second half of our century women started to work outside the home like their husbands. That's
why ____ were established for children below the age of seven.
a.nursery schools b.kids schools c.mother schools d.nursery servants e.kindergartens
1190.Medicine should not be kept where it is ____ to children.
a.inaccessible b.accessible c.untouchable d.unreachable e.far away
1191.He suffered beyond ____ and finally he passed out.
a.capacity b.capable c.ability d.endurance e.endeavour
1192.The ____ tried hard to over come the air pollution in the city.
a.people b.washers c.governors d.citizens e.mobs
1193.We had to share our ____ with three other passengers after the train left the station.
a.compartment b.department c.train room d.cabin e.seat
1194.The corn fields in the valley were destroyed by the ____ after the storm.
a.drought b.winds c.rain d.famine e.flood
1195.I read in a(n) ____ that a company is looking for engineers.
a.preparation b.booklet c.instruction d.advertisement e.adversity
1196.He has won my ____ because he has been working honestly.
a.trustworthy b.honesty c.envy d.conflict e.confidence
1197.Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the ____ who form them. A crowd is chaotic, has
no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action.
a.individuals b.judgement c.families d.personalities e.characters
1198.One must meet the ____ to be elected as a chair- person.
a.subjects b.achievements c.treatments d.contracts e.requirements
145
1199.Your work indicates remarkable ____ so you are promoted from now on.
a.production b.desire c.improvement d.impropriety e.impulse
1200.According to propagandists, ____ should not be argued, with; they should be attacked, shouted down, or
if they become too much of a nuisance, liquidated.
a.antagonists b.rivals c.enemies d.opponents e.individuals
1201.She tried hard to solve the ____ between the two friends but she couldn't succeed it.
a.indication b.conflict c.intimacy d.discussion e.relationship
1202.Everybody made ____ but does nothing about the degradation of our environment.
a.pollution b.complaints c.interruptions d.solutions e.acceleration
1203.The ____ of oil wells has been known for a long time but no one seems to have realised the ____ of this
oil until it was found that paraffin - oil could be made from it.
a.attribution / signifance b.existentialists / contribution c.existence / importance
d.development / profit e.statement / location
1204.The only problem is whether a sufficient number of applied scientists will have recognized and decided
to work for the ____ of this project and will have obtained the necessary financial backing.
a.available b.knowledge c.valid d.shortage e.achievement
1205.Leisure no longer signifies a space secured with some difficulty against the pressure of events; rather it
is a pervasive emptiness for which we must invent ____ .
a.security b.representation c.existence d.difficulties e.occupations
1206.We need to make a hard and fast ____ not only between work and play but, equally, between active play
and passive entertainment.
a.definition b.description c.efficiency d.coordination e.distinction
1207.The thief was ____ of robbing the bank and killing two men.
a.ashamed b.admired c.sentenced d.actualized e.accused
146
1208.Teachers are very important to the society because they help ____ the new generation.
a.look after b.take after c.watch out d.bring up e.look down on
1209.The fact that he likes expensive cars very much ____ with the fact that he is a poor man.
a.goes with b.compares c.suits d.develops e.conflicts
1210.I think that they always ____ about what they have in order to gain prestige and status by talking about
it. In fact, they are not so rich.
a.exhaust b.execute c.express d.exaggerate e.exceed
1211.It is a very bad habit for a person to ____ when he is crossing the street.
a.struggle b.inquire c.hesitate d.fetch e.fear
1212.Why do you ____ on his smoking all the time even though you know that he is not a smoker?
a.persist b.convince c.insist d.persuade e.tempt
1213.Since Kate is the shortest girl in the class, some girls ____ her but in fact she is very intelligent and
hardworking.
a.look down on b.admire c.laugh d.appreciate e.envy
1214.He is famous because he is skillful and has a distinguished voice, which is why many people ____ him.
a.approve b.look through c.acknowledge d.proclaim e.admire
1215.One cannot ____ from this event that he drives badly; he happened to be very tired that night.
a.confer b.concern c.conclude d.complain e.confirm
1216.One has to ____ hard to get a good place at the university.
a.base b.struggle c.disperse d.retreat e.insist
1217.I was ____ by the play they performed. It was better than I expected.
a.taken over b.informed c.separated d.ashamed e.impressed
147
1218.She was ____ to see the guests leaving after she had rushed to meet them.
a.delighted b.amazed c.confused d.frustrated e.puzzled
1219.He couldn't ____ the event when a photo of it was shown to him.
a.oppose b.confirm c.deny d.inhibit e.delete
1220.The authorities ____ the economic loss caused by the rain more than one million dollars.
a.estimate b.confess c.warn d.assist e.prefer
1221.They couldn't ____ enough time for the redecoration of the house since the owners arrived earlier than
expected.
a.acquire b.articulate c.allocate d.cause e.manipulate
1222.He decided to give up ____ after that experience.
a.gamble b.to gambling c.gambling d.to gamble e.being gambled
1223.At last I have discovered how ____ the door.
a.to be opened b.opening c.to opening d.open e.to open
1224.If you can't turn the key try ____ some oil in the lock.
a.put b.to put c.putting d.to putting e.to be put
1225.Imagine ____ with a woman who never stops ____ .
a.to live/ to talk b.living/ being talked c.live/ talking d.living/ talking e.having lived/ talk
1226.He forgot that I wanted ____ his car.
a.using b.to using c.being used d.to use e.use
1227.As a result of ____ what the inspector said, I learnt why he left school.
a.to listen b.being listened c.listening d.to listening e.listened
148
1228.After ____ about it extensively finally we came to an agreement.
a.being talked b.be talked c.to be talked d.talking e.to talk
1229.I don't enjoy ____ to the dentist as I have been afraid of them since I was in primary school.
a.to go b.going c.to be going d.be going e.having gone
1230.By ____ day and night I managed ____ the job on time.
a.working / finishing b.working / having finished c.to work / to finish
d.having worked / finishing e.working / to finish
1231.I've been wondering where ____ this Picasso picture.
a.being hang b.hanging c.to hang d.to hanging e.to be hanging
1232.At last, I found out where ____ fresh fruit and vegetables.
a.to buy b.to have bought c.to be bought d.buying e.buy
1233.The fact that children prefer ____ TV to ____ worries the parents.
a.to watch / read b.watching / to read c.to watch / reading d.to watch / having read
e.watching / reading
1234.I remember ____ to the country whenever I had health problems.
a.to be taken b.to take c.taking d.being taken e.having taken
1235.The officials wanted ____ the attention of people by giving importance to the robbery last week.
a.divert b.to be diverted c.to divert d.being diverted e.diverting
1236.He regretted not ____ the film at the cinema since it was not that appealing on television.
a.see b.to see c.having seen d.being seen e.to be seen
1237.Although the police ____ him, he was able to prove that he ____ when the crime was committed.
a.suspected / was working b.suspect / worked c.has suspected / had worked
149
d.have been suspecting / had been working e.were suspecting / is working
1238.Generally speaking, I ____ film reviews because I like to be open-minded when I go to the cinema.
a.am not reading b.don't read c.haven't read d.haven't been reading e.didn't read
1239.The old clock in the center of the city ____ in 1980 and ____ since.
a.stops / wasn't working b.has stopped / isn't working c.was stopping / doesn't work
d.has stopped / wasn't working e.stopped / hasn't worked
1240.There is considerable concern about her whereabouts, because she ____ for several days.
a.is missing b.missed c.has been missing d.was missing e.misses
1241.I am afraid I didn't hear the doorbell when you ____ I ____ in the garden at the time.
a.rang / was working b.had rung / worked c.was ringing / have been working
d.are ringing / work e.have rung / worked
1242.After Lisa graduated from university, she ____ for a job in a bank and ____ there ever since.
a.applied / is working b.has applied / worked c.applies / has worked
d.applied / has been working e.was applying / worked
1243.The concert was last week but they still ____ down the posters from the notice boards.
a.haven't taken b.wasn't taking c.didn't take d.hadn't taken e.hadn't been taking
1244.Even though he denied what he ____ earlier, he ____ to join us.
a.said / has accepted b.has said / accepted c.has said / had accepted
d.has been saying / has accepted e.had said / accepted
1245.The police say that the man ____ home in the dark when he ____ down a hill.
a.had walked / fell b.was walking / fell c.walked / fell
d.has walked / had fallen e.has been walking / had fallen
150
1246.The teacher ____ me in the exam just as I ____ my last sentence.
a.has interrupted / wrote b.interrupted / was writing c.was interrupting / have been writing
d.had interrupted / have written e.is interrupting / had written
1247.People ____ interested in the subject day by day because they ____ to increase their knowledge.
a.became / want b.were becoming / want c.have become / had wanted
d.are becoming / want e.became / are wanting
1248.Don't forget that we ____ to our new house by the time you get back from holiday.
a.move b.will move c.will have moved d.had moved e.are going to move
Answers 1111-1248
1111-d,1112-a,1113-c,1114-e,1115-d,1116-a,1117-d,1118-a,1119-b,1120-e,1121-c,1122-d,1123-d,1124-c,1125-
a,1126-e,1127-d,1128-e,1129-d,1130-b,1131-e,1132-b,1133-e,1134-d,1135-a,1136-d,1137-a,1138-a,1139-a,1140-
b,1141-d,1142-b,1143-c,1144-d,1145-e,1146-a,1147-c,1148-e,1149-c,1150-e,1151-b,1152-c,1153-e,1154-d,1155-
b,1156-b,1157-a,1158-b,1159-d,1160-b,1161-b,1162-a,1163-e,1164-e,1165-a,1166-c,1167-e,1168-d,1169-b,1170-
e,1171-c,1172-e,1173-a,1174-a,1175-c,1176-a,1177-b,1178-d,1179-a,1180-e,1181-d,1182-c,1183-d,1184-e,1185-
a,1186-b,1187-d,1188-b,1189-e,1190-b,1191-a,1192-c,1193-a,1194-e,1195-d,1196-e,1197-a,1198-e,1199-c,1200-
d,1201-b,1202-b,1203-c,1204-e,1205-e,1206-e,1207-e,1208-d,1209-e,1210-d,1211-c,1212-c,1213-a,1214-e,1215-
c,1216-b,1217-e,1218-d,1219-c,1220-a,1221-c,1222-c,1223-e,1224-c,1225-d,1226-d,1227-c,1228-d,1229-b,1230-
e,1231-c,1232-a,1233-e,1234-d,1235-c,1236-c,1237-a,1238-b,1239-e,1240-c,1241-a,1242-d,1243-a,1244-e,1245-
b,1246-b,1247-d,1248-c
151
Mixed tenses
1249.In recent decades, the efficiency of the United Nations _____ by a growing number of countries.
a.will have been questioned b.would be questioned c.has been questioned
d.had been questioned e.was questioned
1250.We _____ no problems whatsoever with the dam since it _____ forty years ago.
a.had / has been constructed b.were having / was being constructed c.have had / was constructed
d.had had / had been constructed e.are having / is constructed
1251.Before I got to the end of his article I felt I knew everything there _____ about the North America Free
Trade Agreement.
a.had known b.was to know c.is known d.is being known e.has to be known
1252.It seems likely that by the end of the week, the costs involved in the construction of the bridge _____ by
the Ministry.
a.would have been announced b.have been announced c.would be announced
d.are being announced e.will have been announced
1253.One feels that there _____ any noticeable improvement in the human rights problem in Africa until all
the African countries _____ their economic difficulties.
a.cannot be / will overcome b.hasn’t been / had overcome c.won’t be / overcome
d.wouldn’t be / would be overcome e.wasn’t / have overcome
1254.As I _____ you yesterday, the undersecretary _____ over this afternoon’s discussions
a.have told / was presiding b.told / will be presiding c.would have told / had presided
d.will tell / has presided e.would tell / has been presiding
1255.When the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli _____ a map of Mars in 1877, he _____ a large
number of straight linear features, which he called "canali", that is, channels.
a.publishes / has noted b.had published / was noting c.has published / notes
d.published / noted e.would have published / had noted
152
1256.In the past few months, our company director _____ more mettle than most industrialists _____ in an
entire career.
a.had shown / have done b.showed / would do c.shows / did
d.was showing / may have done e.has shown / do
1257.The Pacific markets _____ extremely competitive since the manufacturing capacity of many Far
Eastern countries _____ to improve at the turn of the decade.
a.are becoming / begins b.had become / would begin c.became / have begun
d.were becoming / would have begun e.have become / began
1258.When they heard a gunfire across the border, the relief workers in the camp knew that another group of
refugees _____ before long.
a.are arriving b.had arrived c.will arrive d.would be arriving e.could have arrived
1259.We ____ on a picnic every weekend when we were in Bursa.
a.were going b.went c.have gone d.have been going e.go
1260.Although the police ____ him, he was able to prove that he ____ when the crime was committed.
a.suspected / was working b.suspect / worked c.has suspected / had worked
d.have been suspecting / had been working e.were suspecting / is working
1261.Jessie ____ such strange clothes that we were all taken aback. It took us some time to get over the shock.
a.was wearing b.has worn c.is wearing d.had been wearing e.has been wearing
1262.Generally speaking, I ____ film reviews because I like to be open-minded when I go to the cinema.
a.am not reading b.don't read c.haven't read d.haven't been reading
e.didn't read
1263.The old clock in the center of the city ____ in 1980 and ____ since.
a.stops / wasn't working b.has stopped / isn't working c.was stopping / doesn't work
d.has stopped / wasn't working e.stopped / hasn't worked
153
1264.Someone next door ____ heavy metal music all night long. I didn't get a wink of sleep.
a.were playing b.has played c.had been playing d.played e.has been playing
1265.There is considerable concern about her whereabouts, because she ____ for several days.
a.is missing b.missed c.has been missing d.was missing e.misses
1266.After Lisa graduated from university, she ____ for a job in a bank and ____ there ever since.
a.applied / is working b.has applied / worked c.applies / has worked
d.applied / has been working e.was applying / worked
1267.The concert was last week but they still ____ down the posters from the notice boards.
a.haven't taken b.wasn't taking c.didn't take d.hadn't taken e.hadn't been taking
1268.Tell me what you ____ of my new car.
a.are thinking b.had thought c.were thinking d.think e.thought
1269.After I ____ along the beach, I ____ a bath and I ____ my breakfast.
a.run / had / had had b.ran / had had / had c.had run / have had / had
d.had run / had / had e.ran / had / have had
1270.A- Jim was very clever as a child. B- Was he really? A- Oh, yes. By the time he was five he ____ to read
and write.
a.learned b.had learned c.was learning d.has learned e.have been learning
1271.At present he ____ in an ice-cream factory. This is the third factory in which he ____ this year.
a.is working / has worked b.works/worked c.has been working / works
d.works / has been working e.worked / has been working
1272.Oh dear, I ____ my books in the class. Could you go and fetch them for me?
a.left b.am leaving c.have left d.was leaving e.leave
154
1273.He ____ . Everything he ____ us so far is true.
a.doesn't lie / told b.hasn't lied / tells c.isn't lying / has told
d.wasn't lying / is telling e.didn't lie / was telling
1274.I ____ him all day but the line is still engaged.
a.was ringing b.rang c.ring d.have been ringing e.am ringing
1275.It is nice to see that after three days of strikes, the buses____ today.
a.worked b.has worked c.was working d.work e.are working
1276.____ to his office last weekend but there ____ only workers in the building.
a.go / are b.went / have been c.have gone / were d.has gone/are e.went / were
1277.One afternoon last August the director ____ staff in some stores and ____ them to fair.
a.selected / sent b.has selected / has sent c.elects / sends
d.is selecting / sends e.was selecting / was sending
1278.In an effort to make the classics accessible to contemporary readers, I ____ them into the modern
American language now.
a.translate b.am translating c.have been translated
d.had been translating e.translated
1279.Yesterday I ____ to my son's ceremony when a plane ____ to that part of city.
a.went/fell b.was going / was falling c.went/was falling d.was going / fell e.have gone/falls
1280.In the middle ages the means of transportation ____ few when compared with today.
a.were b.was c.have been d.were being e.are being
1281.People of the area ____ many attempts to improve life conditions but it can't be said they ____
successful so far.
a.made / were b.are making / have been c.make / are d.made/are e.have made / have been
155
1282.We ____ here to watch the sunset. This is what we ____ at the weekends.
a.have gathered / do b.are gathering / do c.gathered / did
d.gather / have done e.gathered / have done
1283.She ____ everyone by coming one day earlier. We ____ happy to see her.
a.has surprised / will be b.surprised / are c.surprises / were d.has surprised / were
e.is surprising / are
1284.I ____ since I learnt that it causes lung cancer.
a.will not smoke b.had smoked c.haven't been smoking d.weren't smoking
e.used to smoke
1285.She ____ in that company since she graduated from university
a.will have worked b.has been working c.would have worked d.was working
e.will work
1286.Where have you been? I ____ for you fifteen minutes.
a.had waited b.had been waiting c.would be waiting d.was going to wait
e.have been waiting
1287.It _____ that, by 2050, world population_____twice as much as it is now.
a.appeared / would have been rising b.appears / will have risen c.has appeared / will be rising
d.would appear / has risen e.will appear / would rise
1288.After years of cheap credit worldwide, the U.S. Federal Reserve _____ its short-term rates for two years,
and now comes new signs that long-term rates, in the end, _____ to rise, too.
a.has been rising / are starting b.rose / had started c.will have risen / had been starting
d.was rising / started e.had risen / have started
1289.Scientists_____ that by 2030, doctors _____ the people suffering from certain illness during their space
travel in the health care institutions in space.
a.will have expected / are treating b.have expected / would be treating c.expected / had treated
156
d.will expect / will have been treating e.expect / will be treating
1290.She had been trying to learn how to use a computer_____ as long as she lived here_____ she gave up
because of her illness.
a.for / when b.till / before c.before / for d.so / until e.since / once
1291.Jane quitted trying for the swimming team after that time she_____ out too far down at Horn Pond.
a.swims b.will swim c.would swim d.was swimming e.had swum
1292.Stone_____ , and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them
_____ without trace.
a.didn't decay / disappeared b.wouldn’t decay / disappear c.doesn’t decay / have disappeared
d.won’t decay / had disappeared e.didn’t decay / have disappeared
1293.We_____ a play by Oscar Wilde in the class which_____ “The importance of Being Earnest”
a.read / is called b.are reading / was called c.have read / has been called
d.had read / was called e.are reading / is called
1294.When I first arrived at State University, I _____ by the size of campus. Fortunately, I found three
helpful people who _____ me from total confusion.
a.had been overwhelmed / saved b.was overwhelmed / saved
c.was overwhelmed / was saving d.would be overwhelmed / had saved
e.was overwhelmed / had saved
1295.The peace which Istanbul once_____, ______ away.
a.know / has been swept b.knew / had been swept c.knew / has been swept
d.knows / will sweep e.has known / swept
1296.One important field in which the laser ______many applications ________ communication.
a.has / is b.was / are c.does / are d.have / is e.is / is
157
1297.By the end of this month he ______ as one of the assistants of Bill Gates for five years.
a.had worked b.will work c.is going to work d.had been working e.will have been working
1298.He is the man about whom we ______ so much.
a.have heard b.heard c.would have heard d.had heard e.have been hearing
1299.The experts are now fully convinced that the animal two old woman_____ at the pack_____ a puma.
a.had seen / is b.saw / was c.saw / had been d.have seen / were e.saw / has been
1300.Time _____ over. We______fifty applications in all.
a.had been / received b.is / have received c.is / received d.was / had been receiving
e.was / would receive
1301.You_____ for being late to the party.
a.will regret b.will be regretting c.have been regretting d.regret e.regretted
1302.As a teenager, I _____ that I _____ just young and attractive.
a.felt/was b.had been feeling / was c.will feel /am d.feel / have been e.had felt / was
1303.When Tom entered the room, his mum ________ him because he ________ hair and a beard. He looked
totally different.
a.wasn’t recognizing / was growing b.hadn't recognized / grew c.didn’t recognize / had grown
d.didn’t recognize / grew e.hadn’t recognized / was growing
1304.Look at the drunken driver at the end of street! He_____ an accident.
a.has b.is having c.is going to have d.will have e.ill be having
1305.She invited me to dinner. But it _____ two years since I _____ to her house. So I lost my way.
a.is / have-been b.was / had gone c.is / went d.had been / went e.was / have gone
1306.The swimmer_____ to be in difficulty, but he _____ to reach the shore in the end.
a.seems / manages b.seemed / has managed c.has seemed / managed

158
d.seemed / managed e.was to seem / managed
1307.When Mrs Stone_____ to her flat, she _____ the call of her mother on the answering machine.
a.returned / saw b.had returned / saw c.returned / had seen d.returns / has seen e.has returned / sees
1308.When we _____ the forest, it _____ darker.
a.have arrived / has been getting b.arrive / has been getting c.arrive / is getting
d.arrived / was getting e.arrive / has got
1309.The average surface temperature of earth _____ more than 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1900.
a.is going to increase b.has increased c.ha's been increasing d.had increased
e.is increasing
1310.By this time tomorrow, Annie _____ through space for nineteen hours.
a.will fly b.will be flying c.is going to fly d.flies e.will have been flying
1311. It _______ a nice day, therefore we went swimming.
a.was b.had been c.has been d.used to be e.would be
1312.When he ____ her as a cheater, she _____ him to the headmaster.
a.had called / complained b.called / had complained c.has called / complains
d.called / complained e.has called / will be complaining
1313.Ever since 1905, when Albert Einstein _____ his special theory of relativity to the world, the speed of
light_____ a special status in the minds of physicists.
a.has revealed / has b.revealed / had had c.had revealed / had d.revealed / has had
e.has revealed / has had
1314.When Darwin ____ the theory of evolution through natural selection years ago, the scientists. of the day
_____ over it fiercely.
a.introduced / were argueing b.introduced / had been argueing c.introduced / had argued
d.had introduced / argued e.introduced / argued
159
1315.Things have certainly changed; there ____ lots of small old houses around here when I _____ young.
a.would be / was b.used to be / was c.are / have been d.were / would have been
e.had been / had been
1316.A: Where is Annie? B: She _____ at the library for her English test on Wednesday. In fact, she _____
for the test every day for the last week.
a.has been studying / reviewed b.was studying / had studied c.has been / reviewed
d.is studying / has been reviewing e.is studying / was reviewing
1317.Tim was very upset yesterday because he _____ that he ______ his wallet.
a.realised / will lose b.had realised / lost c.realised / had lost d.realises / loses
e.has realised / lost
1318.She __ the house when I __ to her after a long time.
a.will be cleaning / go b.had been cleaning / went c.has been cleaning / have gone
d.is cleaning / am going e.has cleaned / have been
1319.For the time being we _____ for the exam, but this time tomorrow we _____ the best movie of this year.
a.study / will watch b.are studying / will be watching c.have been studying / are watching
d.are studying / will have watched e.have studied / will be watching
1320.James Bond always drank champagne in the novels, although he _____ to wine by the time he _____ it to
the silver screen.
a.had switched / made b.has switched / has made c.switched / had made
d.was switching / would make e.switched / was making
1321.These days, people who _____ manual work, often receive far more money than clerks who _____ in
offices.
a.are doing / are working b.were doing / were working c.have done / have worked
d.do / work e.have been doing / work
160
1322.The theatre company __ a grant of £6.000 and it __ a further £2.000 from elsewhere now.
a.will be given / seeks b.has been given / is seeking c.is given / has been seeking
d.was given / has sought e.would be given / is seeking
1323.During the summer months, the monastery _____ very busy, for it is visited by thousand of people who
_____ the pass in cars.
a.was / crossed b.is / crossed c.has been / cross d.is / cross e.has been / have crossed
1324.The injured_____ to the ambulance while the people _____ around the crime scene.
a.were being taken / were gathering b.have been taken / gathered c.have been taken / gather
d.were taken / would gather e.would be taken / had gathered
1325.It was six o’clock and he ____ bored because he_____ for two hours.
a.was / was waiting b.had been / had waited c.is / has been waiting
d.was / is waiting e.was / had been waiting
1326.In those times life was hard and bitter for both of them. For a whole year they _____ as complete
strangers to each other as if they_____ .
a.remained / had never met b.had remained / had never met c.remained / never meet
d.would remain / would never meet e.were remaining / had never met
1327.By ten o’clock he ____ the engine and he _____ to paint the garage when I paid a visit to him.
a.had repaired / had started b.repaired / was starting c.repaired / had started
d.repairs / starts e.had repaired / would start
1328.Since they _______ acting, they ________ in three plays, a television commercial and two TV dramas.
a.begin / have performed b.began / have performed c.begin / are performing
d.began / have been performing e.began / had been performing
1329.The peak _____ the prize for mountaineers, especially if it _____ before.
a.is / has not been attained b.will be / wasn’t attained c.was / had not been attained
d.has been / weren't attained e.was / hasn’t been attained
161
1330.Marissa Pestle’s first novel was_____ published in America a fortnight ago, and has _____ to come out
at all in Britain let alone be translated.
a.never / already b.only / yet c.currently / always d.nearly / hardly e.recently/just
1331.It was only after she _____ English that she _____ to make some foreign friends.
a.learnt / had started b.had learnt / started c.learnt / would start d.was learning / started
e.learns / has started
1332.For decades researchers _____ to wrest predictions from string theory, the leading candidate for a more
fundamental understanding of the universe.
a.tried b.were trying c.have tried d.try e.had tried
1333.We _____ that this picture______ worth at least 500 dolars.
a.have estimated / was b.have estimated / is c.will estimate / will be
d.are estimating / is e.estimated / was
1334.Next weekend, I _____my proficiency exam, so I _____ more or less 300 questions so far.
a.am going to have / finished b.am having / will have finished c.am to have / finish
d.am having / will finish e.will have / have finished
1335.Jack______with his parents this evening when his girlfriend from New York telephoned to let him know
that she_____ with someone else.
a.was talking / had engaged b.had been talking / engaged c.talked / engaged
d.had talked / had engaged e.was talking / had been engaging
1336.He _____ his boss that he ______back after his vacation.
a.doesn't tell / hasn't come b.won't tell / won't have come c.isn't telling / doesn't come
d.hasn't told / won't be coming e.didn't tell / hadn't come
1337.By the time Richard ____ from the army, he _____ involved in three separate riots.
a.retires / would be b.retired / had been c.has retired / was d.retired / will be
e.had retired / had been
162
1338.The Bastille Prison, where many important people_____ at one time imprisoned, _____ today visited by
tourists.
a.have been / is b.had been / have been c.were / is
d.are / was e.will be / has been
1339.Tony is a wonderful singer; His mother tells me that he _____ professionally since she was four.
a.has sung b.was singing c.is singing d.has been singing e.sings
1340.The full impact of the strike____ till next week, by which time present stocks_____ .
a.hasn’t been felt / will be exhausted b.won't be felt / will have been exhausted
c.isn't to be felt / have been exhausted d.won’t be felt / is exhausted
e.isn’t felt / exhausted
1341.We moved to Myerson in 1995. At the time of our arrival, the city _____ through a period of expansion.
a.went b.will go c.was going d.has gone e.had been going
1342.Although he ____ not having the talent necessary to become a violinist, he _____ practising with great
determination.
a.had admitted / would be continuing b.will have admitted / was continuing c.would admit / has continued
d.admitted / had continued e.has admitted / continues
1343.Although aspirin _____ primarily regarded as a simple pain killer, it _____ to prevent heart attacks, too.
a.is / helps b.was / will have helped c.has been / would have helped
d.is / was helped e.will be / had helped
1344.Shelly ____ her mid-term mark because she_____ to her instructor.
a.won’t learn / hasn't listened b.hadn't learnt / wouldn't be listening c.can’t learn / didn’t listen
d.couldn’t learn I wasn’t listening e.wouldn't learn / hadn't listened
1345.____ I was entering the room, the phone rang.
a.When b.Just as c.At the time d.For e.An hour ago
163
1346.It ____ just before the war when Colin received a letter from Germany.
a.had been b.was c.is d.has been e.should be
1347.Students ____ to each other when the director wanted them to help him.
a.were talking b.have talked c.have been talking d.are talking e.talk
1348.When he ____ a schoolboy in Ohio, Jeffrey caught a wounded falcon in the roof.
a.was b.is c.had been d.has been e.would be
1349.We ____ your size at the moment, but we can order it for you.
a.haven't had b.didn't have c.aren't having d.don't have e.won't have
1350.Of course you can use my summer house in the country. But when you ____ there next month,
remember that it ____ for five months.
a.will get / hasn't been cleaned b.are getting / isn't going to be cleaned
c.are going to get / will not be cleaned d.have got / hadn't been cleaned
e.get / will not have been cleaned
1351.My mother ____ at the airport tomorrow morning. I'm supposed to pick her up from the airport, but I
____ what time her plane gets in. What would you advise me to do?
a.will arrive/ forgot b.is arriving / have forgotten c.arrives / had forgotten
d.is going to arrive / forget e.will be arriving / am forgetting
1352.The child ____ with her toy when I ____ her in the living room.
a.played / left b.plays/am leaving c.played / was leaving d.is playing / leave
e.was playing / left
1353.After they ____ the books, they ____ their journey.
a.delivered / started b.were delivering / started c.were delivering / were starting
d.delivered / were starting e.deliver / are starting
164
1354.He ____ his family even when he ____ a schoolboy.
a.supported / is b.was supporting / did c.was supporting / was being
d.supported / was being e.supported / was
1355.After struggling for weeks I ____ the job I ____ and now I'm happy with it.
a.got / have been wanting b.got/wanted c.was getting / was wanting d.was getting / want
e.am getting / wanted
1356.My plane ____ at five p.m. on Monday. I don't need to call a taxi, my friend ____ me to the airport.
a.was leaving / has taken b.is leaving / will take c.leaves / is going to take d.will leave / takes
e.has left / took
1357.Newspapers say the minister ____ someone suitable for the task he ____ to get hold of.
a.is going to appoint/ will want b.appoints / wants c.is appointing / wanted
d.will appoint / wants e.appointed / has wanted
1358.We ____ our work in the garden by the time he ____ from the pharmacist
a.will have finished / arrives b.will finish / will arrive c.will be finishing / arrived
d.finished / has arrived e.have finished / arrived
1359.I ____ the hours I spent in the Thirties arguing with people who thought they were much cleverer than I
was.
a.remembered b.remember c.am remembering d.will remember e.am going to remember
1360.We ____ once a long time ago but I ____ she will remember me.
a.were meeting / hadn't thought b.have met / didn't think c.had met / haven't though
d.may have met / won't think e.met/don't think
1361.Liz and James _____ dinner at a restaurant on Saturdays, but they _____ at home now.
a.never eat / are eating b.always eat / eat c.are always eating / eat d.usually eat / are eating
165
1362.Rick _____ me for some money, but he _____ me back.
a.always asks / is always paying b.is always asking / is never paying
c.has never asked / never pays d.never asks / has never been paying
1363.Your clothes are covered in mud, Jason! _____ you _____ outdoors in this weather?
a.Are / playing b.Have / been playing c.Have / play d.Do / playing
1364.We _____ it strange, but iron and feather _____ at the same speed
a.find / fall b.have found / are falling c.are finding/fall d.have been finding / are falling
1365.Nancy _____ a party next Friday, but I _____ I have an important meeting at that time.
a.is giving / am not going b.gives / don't go c.has given / haven't been going
d.has been giving / don't go
1366.Why on earth _____ so fast ?The train _____ at four o'clock and it is only one o'clock.
a.do you drive / / has been leaving b.are you driving / has left c.do you drive / is leaving
d.are you driving / / leaves
1367._____ that small house over there? I _____ there since I was born.
a.Do you see / have been living b.Are you seeing / live c.Do you see / am living
d.Are you seeing / have lived
1368.It _____ awful in this room because Karen _____ here for hours without opening a window.
a.is smelling / smokes b.is smelling / has smoked c.smells/is smoking d.smells / has been smoking
1369.She rarely_____ but she usually _____ to get a high mark in maths.
a.is studying / has managed b.has been studying / is managing c.studies / manages
d.is studying / has managed
1370.She ____ usually _____ that way, but these days she _____ very rude to everybody.
a.isn't .........acting / has been b.hasn't......acted / has been c.doesn't .......act / is being
166
d.isn't......acting / is
1371.They _____ just___their job, and they _____ a coffee break at the moment.
a.have ... been finishing / have b.are ... finishing / have had c.are ... finishing / have
d.have ... finished /are having
1372.Molly _____ driving test four times, but she is so determinet that she _____ still ____ to pass it.
a.fails / is ........trying b.has been failing / has ... tried c.is failing / has ... been trying
d.has failed/is ...trying
1373.When Patricia _____ into her car, she remembered she _____ the water boiler on.
a.was getting / has left b.got / had left c.had got / leaves d.got/ was leaving
1374.They _____ for only a few minutes when they _____ a flat tyre.
a.had been travelling / had b.have travelled / were having c.travelled / have had
d.were travelling / had
1375.Grandpa _____ his last car for thirty years when he ____ it last year.
a.was having / sold b.had / had sold c.had / was selling d.had had / sold
1376.Although he _____ his early childhood in Germany, he doesn't remember anything from that time now.
a.had been spending b.has spent c.spent d.was spending
1377.Frank _____ to this city five years ago, but it seems he still _____ used to living with the heavy traffic
here.
a.moved / isn't b.has moved / doesn't c.was moving / wasn't d.moved / didn't
1378.I _____ my pen, and I don't remember where I last _____ it.
a.have lost / have used b.lost / had used c.have lost/used d.had lost / was using
1379.The baby ____ the living room floor with colour pens while her mother _____ the kitchen.
a.marked / has been mopping b.was marking / was mopping c.has marked / mopped
167
d.had marked / had mopped
1380.There _____ some ketchup around his mouth because he _____ spaghetti
a.was / had been eating b.is / had been eating c.had been / has eaten d.has been / eats
1381.When the film finished, I _____ the alarm clock and ____ to bed.
a.had sate / have gone b.set / went c.was setting / was going d.had set / is going
1382.In the past, land travels _____ very long and they _____ very tiring.
a.take / have been b.had taken / were c.used to take / were d.had been taking / had been
1383.They.....the whole building by the time the fire...........to all the floors.
a.evacuated/had spread b.had evacuated / spread c.were evacuating / has spread
d.evacuated / was spreading
1384.Liam _____ for ten hours, but he still ____ half of the distance by then.
a.is driving / hasn't been covering b.has been driving / didn't cover c.was driving / didn't cover
d.had been driving / hadn't covered
1385.The oil crisis ____ worse, and therefore, fuel prices ____ even more soon.
a.gets / will have been rising b.will get/ are rising c.is getting / are going to rise
d.will have been getting / rise
1386. _____ I pick you up from work this afternoon? I _____ able to leave the office earlier today.
a.Will / will be b.Do / am going to be c.Will / will be d.Can / was
1387.Hopefully, we _____ the broken tiles on our roof before it _____ again.
a.have changed / is going to rain b.are changing / has been raining c.are going to change / will rain
d.will have changed / rains
168
1388.This time next year, she ____ as a librarian for half a century.
a.will have been working b.works c.is working d.is going to work
1389.We ____ the children to the zoo this Sunday. This _____ their first visit.
a.will take / has been b.take/ is going to be c.are taking / will be d.have taken / will have been
1390.We ____ off early in the morning. We _____ already _____ all the arrangements.
a.are going to set/ are ... making b.set/ are ... going to make c.are setting/ have ... made
d.will set/ will ... be making
1391.Everyone _____ when we _____ home, so we will have to be silent.
a.sleeps / will be arriving b.is sleeping / have arrived c.has been sleeping / will arrive
d.will be sleeping / arrive
1392.Because I _____ 18 this January, I will finally be able to drive.
a.had been b.will be c.am going to be d.will have been
1393.Enough is enough ! I'm fed up with this noise! I _____ to our neighbours about it now.
a.will have talked b.talk c.am going to talk d.will talk
1394.The film _____ at any moment.We had better get in or else we _____ the beginning of it.
a.will start / miss b.is starting / are missing c.starts / will miss d.will have started / have missed
Answers 1249-1384
1249-c,1250-c,1251-b,1252-e,1253-c,1254-b,1255-d,1256-e,1257-e,1258-d,1259-b,1260-a,1261-a,1262-b,1263-
e,1264-d,1265-c,1266-d,1267-a,1268-d,1269-d,1270-b,1271-a,1272-c,1273-c,1274-c,1275-e,1276-e,1277-a,1278-
b,1279-d,1280-a,1281-a,1282-a,1283-b,1284-a,1285-b,1286-e,1287-a,1288-a,1289-e,1290-a,1291-e,1292-c,1293-
e,1294-b,1295-c,1296-a,1297-e,1298-a,1299-b,1300-b,1301-a,1302-a,1303-c,1304-c,1305-b,1306-d,1307-a,1308-
d,1309-b,1310-e,1311-a,1312-d,1313-d,1314-e,1315-b,1316-d,1317-c,1318-b,1319-b,1320-a,1321-d,1322-b,1323-
d,1324-a,1325-e,1326-a,1327-e,1328-b,1329-a,1330-b,1331-c,1332-c,1333-b,1334-e,1335-a,1336-d,1337-b,1338-
c,1339-d,1340-b,1341-c,1342-a,1343-a,1344-d,1345-b,1346-b,1347-a,1348-a,1349-d,1350-e,1351-b,1352-e,1353-
a,1354-e,1355-b,1356-c,1357-a,1358-a,1359-b,1360-e,1361-d,1362-b,1363-b,1364-a,1365-a,1366-d,1367-a,1368-
d,1369-c,1370-c,1371-d,1372-d,1373-b,1374-a,1375-d,1376-c,1377-a,1378-c,1379-b,1380-a,1381-b,1382-c,1383-
b,1384-d,1385-c,1386-c,1387-d,1388-a,1389-c,1390-c,1391-d,1392-b,1393-d,1394-c
169
Reported speech
1395."I'll give you half of the money if you keep your mouth shut," he said to me. He ____ mouth shut.
a.reminded me that half of the money I could keep b.reminded me that half of the money I could keep
c.offered me half of the money if I kept my d.promised me half of the money for my
e.advised me to keep half of the money for my
1396."I am sorry I am late," he said "My car broke down". He ____ and ____.
a.threatened to be late/ excused himself b.threatened to be late/ excused himself
c.proposed being late/ complained that his car was broken d.accused himself of being late/ excused himself
e.apologized for being late/ explained that his car had broken down
1397."How far is it?" he said "and how long will it take me to get there?" He ____ to get there.
a.asked how far and how long it would take me b.asked how far and how long it would take him
c.asked how far it was and wanted to know what time d.asked how far it was and how much
e.asked how far it was and how long it would take
1398.He wanted me to explain ____ .
a.what is the problem b.where did the problem start c.who takes care of the baby
d.what the main problem was e.why didn't he come to the meeting
1399.He warned me ____ anyone about the subject we ____ the day before.
a.not to tell / spoke b.not telling / have spoken c.not told / spoke d.not to have told / spoke
e.telling / had spoken
1400."I'll drop you from the team if you don't train harder," said the trainer. The trainer ____ to drop us
from the team if we ____ harder.
a.accused / won't train b.warned / hadn't trained c.threatened / didn't train
d.warned / trained e.threatened / wouldn't train
1401.We ____ all ____ that the meeting would begin in an hour.
a.were / informed b.had / informed c.would be / affirmed d.are / acknowledged
170
e.used to / inform
1402."I won't answer any questions," said the thief. The thief ____ to answer any questions.
a.denied b.admitted c.rejects d.refused e.agreed
1403."You pressed the wrong button" said the engineer "Don't do it again". The engineer ____ that I had
pressed the wrong button and he ____ it again.
a.warned me / told me not to have done b.threatened / warned me about not doing
c.pointed out / warned me not to do d.offered I suggested that I not do
e.promised me / suggested that I not do
1404."You have gained weight!" I said. "I am afraid I have," he replied sadly. I noted that he ____ weight
and he admitted that he ____ .
a.gained / did b.had gained / had c.did gain / did d.would gain / would
e.had been gaining / had been
1405.They are getting married next week. She said that they ____ .
a.were getting married the week before b.would be getting married the following week
c.had been getting married the previous week d.were getting married the following week
e.had been getting married next week
1406."Do you want a cup of coffee?" He ____ me a cup of coffee.
a.demanded b.opposed c.proclaimed d.offered e.admitted
1407."Can you lend me some money until next week?" He ____ some money from me.
a.proposed b.offered c.denied d.rejected e.demanded
1408.He told me that he ____ come if he could finish work early.
a.may b.had c.has d.would e.must
1409.He said that he ____ the sea bus the following day.
a.will catch b.is going to catch c.catched d.had catched e.would catch
171
1410.I said, "Two fixed menus for us, please." I ____ our meal.
a.proposed b.protested c.congratulated d.ordered e.suggested
1412.We all know that she informed the teacher about the cheating but she says she didn't. She ____ it.
a.warned b.proposed c.demanded d.denied e.admitted
1413.I first wanted to take English and Math in summer school but my teacher helped me to make up my
mind to take one more lesson. My teacher ____ me to take three lessons this summer.
a.agreed b.complained c.wished d.persuaded e.protested
1414."Do not touch these cables," the mechanic said. He ____ the cables.
a.requested us to touch b.recommends us not to touch c.warned us not to touch
d.claimed not touching e.denied us touching
1415."If I were you, I would stay at a less expensive hotel and spend more for extras." He ____ us to stay at a
cheaper hotel.
a.denied b.discovered c.insisted d.recommended e.promised
1416."He is coming today" the mother said. She said that he ____ .
a.was coming the day before b.came the previous day c.was coming that day
d.would come the next day e.was going to come / the following day
1417."I came here last week" he said. He said he ____ here ____ .
a.came / last week b.had come / last week c.had come / the next week
d.came I the following week e.had come / the previous week
1418."Go to the blackboard," said the teacher. The teacher ____ to the blackboard.
a.recommended me to go b.advises me going c.asked me to went
d.proclaimed me to go e.ordered me to go
1419."Are you really behind what you have said?" asked the manager. The manager asked him ____ .
a.how I was supporting his ideas b.what kind of a person he is c.whether he is reliable or not
172
d.if he could stand behind his words e.why he has talked like that
1420.Peter, who has finished reading a history book, told his brother that he _____ it really interesting.
a.would find b.had found c.has found d.finds
1421.John called his wife and said that he _____ collect the kids from school because his car _____ down
a.won't/ broke b.wouldn't be able to/ had broken c.couldn't / has broken d.shouldn't/ breaks
1422.Isobel has said that she _____ to Holland the previous year and that she _____ to France this summer.
a.had travelled / flew b.travels / was flying c.travelled / is flying
d.is travelling / files
1423.Luke said to his elder sister, '' I _____ hard tonight to get a good grade from tomorrow's exam.''
a.must study b.had to study c.had studied d.was studying
1424.A: What did Tim ask you and Carl? B: He asked us _____ we _____ to the shopping centre.
a.whether / have gone b.where/ would go c.how/ can go d.if/ were going
1425.My new music teacher asked me if I _____ the electric guitar, and I said that I couldn't, but I told her
that I _____ the drums.
a.can play / play b.could play / played c.played / am playing d.play / had played
1426.White my mum was cooking dinner yesterday,she _____ me to set the dinner table.
a.suggested b.asked c.offered d.refused
1427.Because Berk, Feray and Fatma were all bored of watching TV, Fatma ______ turning off the TV and
playing Scrabble.
a.ordered b.warned c.suggested d.promised
1428.Omar's dad _____ him what he _____ in his history lesson the previous day.
a.told / has learnt b.begged/ learns c.ordered/ was learning d.asked / had learnt
173
1429.Toni said that she _____ do her washing the next day and she added that the weather ____ nice then.
a.would / has been b.could / had been c.ought to/ would be d.might/ will be
1430.My friend Ahmed said, ''I _____ my biology project _____ ''
a.give / the day before b.gave / yesterday c.had given / this week d.am giving / the following day
1431.Kirsten said that _____ would lend _____ her car if I needed it.
a.he/me b.I/ her c.she/ me d.they/ it
1432.Scientists still have no answer to _____ there is life on other planets.
a.that b.which c.where d.whether
1433.It _____ obvious that we _____ a big problem with our old car one day.
a.was/ will have b.is/ were having c.is/ have d.was / would have
1434.I asked Lorena what Mike _____ about when I went into his room, but she told me that she _____ no
idea.
a.was talking / was having b.talked / has c.had been talking / had d.talks/ is having
1435.I know the film starts at 9 pm, but I am not sure _____ it is today or tomorrow.
a.that b.if c.what time d.when
1436.The police wanted to know _____ had murdered the businessman and _____ .
a.whom/who b.who/why c.where / when d.what/who
1437.Martha _____ to break up with him if Jack didn't stop smoking.
a.said b.warned c.told d.threatened
1438.Jason finally ____ to copying the homework from the Inernet.
a.refused b.denied c.told d.admitted
174
1439.I am busy today and might forget it.Can you please _____ me to do the shoping before I come home ?
a.remind b.offer c.say d.suggest
1440.I asked _____ he said to her, but she _____ to talk to me.
a.how /denied b.what/ refused c.that/ admitted d.which / agreed
1441.That tooth of yours looks awful. I _____ making an appointment at the dentist's as soon as possible.
a.suggest that b.remind you c.advise you d.suggest
Answers 1395-1441
1395-c,1396-e,1397-e,1398-d,1399-a,1400-c,1401-a,1402-d,1403-c,1404-b,1405-d,1406-d,1407-e,1408-d,1409-
e,1410-d,1411-d,1412-d,1413-c,1414-c,1415-d,1416-c,1417-e,1418-e,1419-d,1420-b,1421-b,1422-c,1423-a,1424-
d,1425-b,1426-b,1427-c,1428-d,1429-c,1430-b,1431-c,1432-d,1433-d,1434-c,1435-b,1436-b,1437-d,1438-d,1439-
a,1440-b,1441-d
175
Adverbial clauses
1442._____ had I got out of the bank______ I saw the thieves running through the tunnel.
a.Both / and b.Either / or c.Not until / but d.Whether / or e.Hardly / when
1443.I'm sure that my new car could be more economical, _____ at the time I've been satisfied with its
performance so far.
a.but b.because c.since d.therefore e.hence
1444.On the job application, I was asked to list my level of education,_____ any relevant training I had
undergone.
a.moreover b.as c.as well as d.providing e.except for
1445.Heine is best known as a poet;_____ , he also wrote prose, most of which was satirical criticism of his
age.
a.because b.thus c.so d.owing to the fact that e.however
1446.We're so late for the meeting that _____ we take a cab to the station, we can’t get there on time.
a.still b.though c.even if d.meanwhile e.since
1447.You should always do some exercises, _____ what diet you're following.
a.although b.in case c.however d.besides e.no matter
1448.Sam and Rose are fighting all the time ______they're brother and sister.
a.otherwise b.in spite of c.despite d.although e.owing to
1449.I didn’t hear you were seriously ill ______I would have visited you so far.
a.otherwise b.besides c.thus d.consequently e.whereas
1450.In recent weeks investors have begun to worry that central banks are raising interest rates_____ growth
is slowing in the United States and is still fragile in Europe and Japan.
a.although b.because c.therefore d.unless e.as
176
1451.The car had ____ drawn to a halt _____ armed police surrounded it.
a.not only / but also b.already / as soon as c.both / and d.either / or e.scarcely / when
1452.The pollution of the seas can only be prevented _____ all countries follow the same policy.
a.so b.because c.despite d.whereas e.provided that
1453.Most magazines offer full color to advertisers _____ the more limited color available in newspapers.
a.as regards b.in case of c.whereas d.since e.as opposed to
1454.He had______got off the bus he was travelling on______he was caught by two police officers who had
apparently been waiting for him.
a.once / since b.hardly / until c.yet / as soon as d.either / or e.no sooner / than
1455.In the original Greek sense, “Clime” was a concept used to divide the world into climatic zones sharing
similar climatic attributes _____ temperature, length of the solar day, and in iatitudinal distance from the
equator.
a.such as b.either c.too d.neither e.as well
1456.______the Americans regard the English, as their ancestors, they are a highly composite ethnic mixture.
a.While b.Although c.Despite d.However e.As
1457.People are realizing there are different varieties of citrus_____ lemons and limes.
a.moreover b.in addition c.also d.besides e.further
1458.Experts estimate that 20 million Americans have mild symptoms, _____ for 6 million women and 3
million men, the symptoms are moderate to severe.
a.despite the fact that b.because c.although d.while e.due to the fact that
1459.The design hotel simply proved that good architecture isn’t _____ a demand ____ a requirement.
a.whether / or b.either / than c.neither / nor d.more / than e.just / but
177
1460.First examples of illustrated text came much later_____ because paper had only been recently
introduced to the area, _____ because paper deteriorates so much more quickly than other products.
a.both / and b.yet /still c.either / or d.the moment / while e.not only / but also
1461.Jewellery was important in _____ settled_____ nomadic societies and was worn for festive occasions and
for displaying wealth.
a.just as / when b.whether / or c.either / or d.neither / nor e.both / and
1462.In our multi-medial world with a lot more fiction available than in the past, the influence _____ the
origin of single ideas are not so easy to trace.
a.as well as b.in addition c.beside d.what's more e.furthermore
1463.____ cloudy conditions over much of Europe, a variety of web casts carried the weather event lives.
a.Whereas b.Despite c.Although d.However e.Instead of
1464.The Heart Association lists risk factors for heart disease _____ : increasing age, male sex, heredity,
smoking, high blood cholesterol.
a.to illustrate b.for example c.so that d.such as e.as
1465.Regular exercise can improve sleep quality and duration, _____ , exercising immediately before bedtime
can have a stimulant effect on the body.
a.nevertheless b.nonetheless c.further more d.whereas e.whenever
1466.The new system improved the remote access for doctors on the move, enabling them to log into the
hospital information systems, _____ what equipment they were using.
a.regardless of b.pertaining to c.for fear that d.besides e.even though
1467.____ people discover my job for the first time, they always ask me for details of the many adventures
they assume I have had.
a.As for b.By the time c.When d.While e.As far as
1468.No woman had ever had the honour of a univesity chair at the Sorbonne ____ Marie, who was the only
one that could hold that position.
a.after b.until c.by the time d.when e.since
178
1469.Last year, the cash income of crop farmers dropped by 20%, ____ livestock farm's cash income rose
6%.
a.so that b.since c.as d.while e.as far as
1470.Some people said that children could not distinguish between programming and commercials. ____ ,
they complained that there were already too many commercials on television.
a.Providing b.Whereas c.So that d.Therefore e.In addition
1471.There are many doubts about the future of the school. ____ , families are enrolling their children to the
school.
a.Even so b.Although c.So d.Assuming e.If so
1472.I had not the least thought of committing suicide ____ I knew the object of my existence there.
a.now that b.in that c.even though d.even e.nonetheless
1473.____ a person does not use cigarette, he or she can still be harmed seriously by the smoke in the
cigarette.
a.On condition that b.Because c.Even so d.Even if e.All the same
1474.____ the noise got louder and the windows began to rattle I wasn't particularly concerned.
a.Whereas b.After c.Nonetheless d.Even when e.So that
1475.____ we listened for the news on the radio over the next few hours, we realized we had been lucky in our
house.
a.As b.Before c.By the time d.No matter e.Whether
1476.____ you get your admittance card, you will be directed to the other department to finish the final
procedure.
a.Once b.However c.As much as d.Even so e.As though
1477.____ you give up smoking _____ you will develop cancer.
a.Neither / nor b.Both / and c.Either / or d.Either / nor e.Whether / so
179
1478.He couldn't get the job ____ his qualifications.
a.though b.moreover c.even though d.despite the fact that e.despite
1479.The house wasn't very beautiful. I liked the garden, ____ .
a.but b.still c.until d.in spite of e.though
1480.He is very clever and hardworking ____ he can't pass his exams.
a.in spite of b.despite c.both d.provided that e.nevertheless
1481.____ it rained a lot we enjoyed our weekend.
a.In spite of b.For fear that c.Even though d.Despite e.Therefore
1482.____ I was feeling very tired, I went to bed early.
a.Although b.Otherwise c.As d.Besides e.Yet
1483.You know my address exactly from now on so you can come to see me ____ you like.
a.so b.still c.although d.however e.whenever
1484.The teacher didn't punish the cheating student ____ he would never do it again.
a.in case b.for fear that c.provided that d.moreover e.otherwise
1485.____ had I left the house than I remembered the key.
a.As b.Although c.No sooner d.Besides e.Still
1486.I worked very hard; but I was a freeman so I worked ____ a slave.
a.like b.as c.similar d.unlike e.as near as
1487.He was very hungry ____ he refused to join our dinner.
a.therefore b.seeing that c.nevertheless d.except that e.as if
180
1488.You have to study hard ____ you will fail.
a.only if b.therefore c.no sooner d.consequently e.otherwise
1489.I'll draw a map for him ____ he can't find my address.
a.if b.unless c.in case d.provided that e.therefore
1490.You can borrow my car ____ you drive carefully.
a.unless b.all the time c.in case d.as far as e.as long as
1491.He didn't get our message ____ he can't know where we are now.
a.on the contrary b.as a result c.otherwise d.unless e.as though
1492.____ we arrived there, he had already gone away.
a.While b.No sooner c.Since d.Because e.By the time
1493.____ my husband and I work full time and have two children in day care, we are very much like a '90s
family.
a.Moreover b.As far as c.As though d.Since e.Until
1494.____ I was told I would get a medal for it, it hadn't occurred to me that my work was anything
exceptional.
a.Then b.As c.Whenever d.Unless e.Until
1495.____ making cars smaller and lighter, they will be making them better in a number of ways.
a.Like b.Once c.As far as d.Consequently e.Besides
1496.In the sports arena, the spectator has the illusion of being completely mobilized and utilized; ____ , the
spectacle itself is one of the richest satisfactions for the esthetic sense.
a.yet b.moreover c.despite d.in case e.although
181
1497.The romantic movements were important as a corrective to the machine ____ they called attention to
essential elements in life that were left out of the mechanical world - picture.
a.but b.whether c.unless d.therefore e.because
1498.First examples of illustrated text came much later_____ because paper had only been recently
introduced to the area, _____ because paper deteriorates so much more quickly than other products.
a.both / and b.yet /still c.either / or d.the moment / while e.not only / but also
1499.Science fiction is usually just an element of the story and the background, _____ the play would deal
with issues of society.
a.much as b.during c.until d.whilst e.although
1500.The design hotel simply proved that good architecture isn’t _____ a demand ____ a requirement.
a.whether / or b.either / than c.neither / nor d.more / than e.just / but
Answers 1442-1500
1442-e,1443-a,1444-c,1445-e,1446-c,1447-e,1448-d,1449-a,1450-c,1451-e,1452-e,1453-e,1454-e,1455-a,1456-
b,1457-d,1458-d,1459-e,1460-c,1461-a,1462-a,1463-b,1464-d,1465-c,1466-a,1467-c,1468-b,1469-d,1470-e,1471-
a,1472-a,1473-d,1474-d,1475-a,1476-a,1477-c,1478-e,1479-e,1480-e,1481-c,1482-c,1483-e,1484-c,1485-c,1486-
d,1487-c,1488-e,1489-c,1490-e,1491-b,1492-e,1493-d,1494-e,1495-e,1496-b,1497-c,1498-c,1499-d,1500-e
182
Vocabulary tests
1501.A new company is not only going to need the _____ to please their customers, but to delight them.
a.cruelty b.wealth c.prediction d.gloom e.ability
1502.Children naturally don't have to pay______on the bus when they're under
a.duty b.fine c.fee d.fare e.bail
1503.The professor's______remarks caused him great embarrassment and he deeply regretted not having
prepared his lecture.
a.wise b.complicated c.witty d.resurgent e.malignant
1504.The deadline of our assignment has been_____ . Now we don't know when we'll submit it or if it will be
submitted at all.
a.indefinite b.similar c.infinite d.identical e.theoretical
1505.His character has many______which are not obvious at first.
a.influences b.faces c.facets d.phases e.serials
1506.Scientists have declared that hair is found______in mammals.
a.exclusively b.extravagantly c.briskly d.apprehensively e.adamantly
1507.Today, we're qoing to have a/an______ about the advantages and disadvantages of being a student at
METU in the lesson.
a.conclusion b.speech c.quarrel d.fight e.discussion
1508.When he removed his glasses, his vision was_____ .
a.blurred b.blocked c.mixed d.disbanded e.blank
1509.Most successful people in life______ their success to both inspiration and perspiration.
a.execute b.sentence c.praise d.put e.attribute
183
1510.The very dry weather has caused an extreme_____ of water.
a.shortage b.demand c.need d.failure e.abundance
1511.Your English is good, but could be better. There are many ways to____
a.deteriorate b.increase c.improve d.communicate e.raise
1512.I______eat fish, but more often I eat chicken.
a.simultaneously b.meanwhile c.occasionally d.never e.formerly
1513.When there are so many important things to be done, why does she insist on so many_____ distractions?
a.drastic b.petty c.essential d.crucial e.indispensable
1514.Precious belongings should never be hidden around the house since thieves_____ know where to look.
a.variously b.unavoidably c.reliably d.dearly e.invariably
1515.We need an expert to ____ a qualified reproduction of a painting from the original
a.cultivate b.achieve c.find d.discourage e.distinguish
1516.You shouldn't take any______of what she says. She's just jealous.
a.offence b.notice c.information d.warning e.knowledge
1517.She hasn't said anything definite but I _____ it for granted that she'll be there.
a.accept b.assume c.have d.take e.promise
1518.Ignoring the will of the people______ to disaster in elections.
a.causes b.carries c.leads d.results e.leaves
1519.This machine doesn't work. There must be something_____ with it.
a.misunderstood b.bad c.false d.wrong e.right
184
1520.Everybody was______by the election news; nobody had expected Prosperity Party to do so well.
a.excited b.deserted c.delighted d.astounded e.lost
1521.Most children object____ to eating leeks.
a.reliably b.vehemently c.popularly d.pitilessly e.unlikely
1522.Punctual people always_____ being a little early for their appointments.
a.lose track of b.make a point of c.hang up on d.keep away from e.go through with
1523.He was taken to the police station and _____ with dangerous driving.
a.blamed b.accused c.arrested d.charged e.told
1524.One of the earlier philosophers accepted the belief that reality is eternal, but also stated that it’s made
up of chance combinations of the four primal_____ : fire, air, earth and water.
a.devices b.deceptions c.concessions d.indications e.properties
1525.The jury found him 'not guilty', so he was _____ cleared of the charges. Now, he is a free man.
a.completely b.rarely c.frequently d.likely e.partially
1526.He has spent a large_____ of money on the repairs of his new house.
a.number b.piece c.weight d.part e.amount
1527.In the last world cup, there were a lot of formidable _____ for the top but next year I believe I will win a
medal
a.rivals b.antagonists c.colleagues d.strangers e.passengers
1528.The main _____ for going to university is to get a good education.
a.profit b.advantage c.reason d.effect e.result
1529.Since her childhood, she has suffered from a speech _____ , and therefore she can't pronounce the sound
's' properly.
a.fault b.mistake c.error d.dispute e.defect
185
1530.Be careful! Don't break or open that bottle! It_____ poisonous gas!
a.combines b.covers c.produces d.contains e.protects
1531.We can live without clothes,but food and drink a re_____ to life.
a.reasonable b.essential c.temporary d.unnecessary e.insignificant
1532.Last Saturday, it was raining so______ that we couldn't go out shopping.
a.slightly b.effectively c.extremely d.thinly e.heavily
1533.Wly sister's hair turned grey______ She was only in her 30s.
a.unexpectedly b.terminally c.prematurely d.personally e.emotionally
1534.Political refugees are usually____ at customs for a day or two before they are allowed entry.
a.confirmed b.prepared c.cursed d.detained e.condemned
1535.The farmers of this region have built their own canals to _____ the dry land.
a.irritate b.involve c.isolate d.irradiate e.irrigate
1536.If our planning is successful, we may ______the drawbacks
a.eliminate b.recur c.incur d.impose e.prefer
1537.Her parents let her do anything she likes, so she's completely_____ .
a.reasonable b.spoilt c.injured d.destroyed e.wounded
1538.The ministry declared that the movement of heavy loads would be ______by railroad.
a.withdrawn b.restricted c.supposed d.cancelled e.conflicted
1539.The President’s _____ resignation in summer resulted in an early presidential race
a.expected b.abrupt c.foremost d.gradual e.innate
186
1540.Martha is a very much_____ woman, she never comments on assumptions
a.realistic b.moody c.imaginative d.prosperous e.accurate
1541.When our commander gives an order he expects it to be _____ seriously and punctually.
a.carried out b.looked into c.put aside d.let down e.dropped off
1542.His injuries turned out to be _____ and he died the day after the accident.
a.fatal b.final c.solemn d.lively e.harmless
1543.In the U.S.A, slavery was_____ after a very long and disgraceful period.
a.taken up b.done away with c.run across d.sorted out e.torn up
1544.America's national symbol is that great bird which is _____ as the bald eagle.
a.regarded b.called c.referred d.known e.checked
1545.The Count of Monte Cristo was written in French, but you can read it in the English_____ , which is
much easier for you to read.
a.withdrawal b.version c.adherent d.proponent e.upheaval
1546.On February 12, 1809, in a Kentucky log cabin, there was born a lad who _____ became the sixteenth
President of the United States.
a.obviously b.subsequently c.severely d.promptly e.distinctly
1547.Our teacher was so indecisive that she was _____ persuaded to change her mind again.
a.readily b.subtly c.abruptly d.hardly e.punctually
1548.Although Mr Perkins’s arguments were very _____ , the board didn't accept his proposal.
a.persuasive b.inappropriate c.superfluous d.futile e.unavailable
1549.When the lights went out, I couldn’t see a thing, but gradually I was able to _____ the outlines of the
larger pieces of furniture
a.perceive b.defer c.inflate d.withstand e.neglect
187
1550.The audience____ their breath until the acrobat was safely down from the high wire.
a.took b.caught c.wasted d.held e.spent
1551.When I go to college, I will probably work each summer to help pay the______
a.resolution b.verdict c.prospect d.tuition e.script
1552.After landing at Plymouth, the Pilgrims suffered greatly; about half of them failed to _____ the first
winter.
a.reconcile b.eliminate c.survive d.intervene e.abate
1553.Walter left, saying he would return _____ , but he was gone for a long time.
a.presently b.clearly c.exceedingly d.sarcastically e.particularly
1554.Mother always told us to ____ our toys_____ when we finished playing.
a.stand / out b.bring / up c.get / through d.put / away e.let/on
1555.We ____ Carl’s plan to put in air conditioning but could not come to a decision.
a.shut off b.worked out c.knocked down d.came across e.talked over
1556.Some shops have doors which open by themselves at the _____ of a customer.
a.oppression b.approach c.recognition d.obedience e.collision
1557.It might be a good idea to buy a _____ raincoat because then it can be worn with either side out.
a.decisive b.reversible c.strenuous d.extravagant e.slippery
1558.She is a very____child, who always does as she’s told.
a.apparent b.influential c.fanciful d.desperate e.compliant
1559.If you are both going to lie, at least stick to the same story and don’t _____ each other.
a.fold b.contradict c.intervene d.exclude e.blink
188
1560.Scientists in different countries, working _____ of each other, have come up with very similar results.
a.independently b.immensely c.timidly d.sceptically e.respectfully
1561.In recent years, scientists have come to a / an _____ that the earth is warming mostly due to the emission
of carbon dioxide from electrical power plants that burn coal, oil and natural gas.
a.promotion b.ambition c.commission d.treaty e.agreement
1562.You can raise the microphone or lower it. It’s _____ .
a.adjustable b.curable c.breakable d.readable e.creative
1563.Last night I went to see a romantic film which was rather _____.
a.skilful b.tough c.moving d.ecstatic e.delightful
1564.One reason why artificial flavourings and colourings are _____ used in ready-made foods is that they
are much cheaper than natural ingredients.
a.scarcely b.formerly c.tactfully d.widely e.slightly
1565.The dentists working in this hospital object to _____ teeth without doing everything that can be done.
a.heaving b.extracting c.scattering d.ejecting e.dragging
1566.In formulating a hypothesis, we must keep i t _____ with what we know of the real world; it cannot
disagree with our experience.
a.voracious b.congruent c.unwise d.meticulous e.proper
1567.Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not_____ to a changing environment
a.foresee b.adapt c.hustle d.collapse e.legislate
1568.The college is about to ____ a program for reducing math anxiety among students.
a.malign b.nominate c.penetrate d.overthrow e.initiate
1569.Although she was knowledgeable in a number of fields, she was hired for her particular _____ in
computer programming.
a.expertise b.tolerance c.utility d.variance e.reluctance
189
1570.Low levels of hormones can cause a laundry list of health problems______ fatigue, weight gain, and joint
pain.
a.excluding b.clarifying c.confirming d.sustaining e.including
1571.In training it is suggested that an instructor not lay a burden on an individual beyond his_____ .
a.bearable b.limit c.value d.deficiency e.moral
1572.Since the Song group is going to make a(n) _____ recording in the stadium tomorrow, almost everyone
is thought to be there.
a.alive b.life c.conscious d.live e.awake
1573.It is claimed that there is a (n)______ for every problem in democracy.
a.solute b.remedy c.correct d.obstacle e.situation
1574.Many things around us have begun to change so quickly that we can’t _____ them easily.
a.go through with b.put off c.take up with d.look forward to e.keep up with
1575.The actor’s _____ decline in popularity was as striking and unexpected as his meteoric rise to
prominence had been.
a.sudden b.gradual c.precipitous d.dazzling e.inevitable
1576.In denying the convicted felon's request for a retrial, the judge explained that the evidence
demonstrating the man’s guilt was______.
a.irrelevant b.exculpatory c.incontrovertible d.debatable e.auspicious
1577.Although Rolf is usually quite____ , he was so angered by the salesman’s rude remarks that he insisted
on complaining to the manager.
a.tractable b.timorous c.plucky d.valiant e.diffident
1578.The ballet stage is a bright, seemingly weightless world where gravity is continually being _____ by the
dancers.
a.prolonged b.reapportioned c.unbalanced d.reflected e.defied
190
1579.To Judith, traveling was______her sister, however, looked upon each trip as an interminable experience
a.confusing b.joyous c.exhilarating d.stupefying e.tiring
1580.Many of the misconceptions about Queen Victoria were created by those who_____ her most; in their
efforts to depict her as a model of all virtues, they lost sight of the real woman.
a.esteemed b.impressed c.challenged d.admired e.censured
1581.Stem cells may turn out to be a/an ______alternative to animal testing.
a.pensive b.luminous c.summary d.promising e.usual
1582.The archaeologist enjoyed the ____ life she led while gathering artifacts; she never stayed at any one site
long enough to get bored.
a.stealthy b.nomadic c.clamorous d.indiscreet e.rustic
1583.Joe Louis was a /an ____ fighter: he inspired fear in many of his opponents.
a.serene b.impetuous c.insipid d.malleable e.redoubtable
1584.According to the company spokesperson, the majority of the wrongful termination lawsuits filed against
the company were frivolous, representing bogus claims made by _____ former employees hoping to strike it
rich.
a.disgruntled b.greedy c.surprised d.contented e.wise
1585.The rumor was of the ____ variety, spreading slowly and almost imperceptibly until, finally, everyone
seemed to have heard the story
a.manifest b.dilatory c.insidious d.aggressive e.expeditious
1586.The traditional bonds that exist between the two countries, as well as the mutual respect they hold for
one another, will _____ a firm basis for further development of their economic ties.
a.compromise b.compensate c.contribute d.constitute e.capitulate
1587.If you can do without the few _____ pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with
the best that life has to offer.
a.rational b.pastoral c.humorous d.scornful e.satiric
191
1588.They were, in fact, having such a good time on their little desert island that -- when a passing tanker
rescued them a few days later -- both men were _____ sorry that they had to leave.
a.outwardly b.repulsively c.reluctantly d.ambiguously e.genuinely
1589.City born and city bred, I have always ______ the country as something you look at through a train
window, as somewhere you occasionally visit during a weekend.
a.derived from b.dominated c.evacuated d.regarded e.concerned
1590.These sentimentalists fail to mention the long and friendless winter evenings which are only interrupted
by a(n) ______ visit to the local cinema -- virtually the sole form of entertainment.
a.occasional b.sophisticated c.steady d.retrospective e.apathetic
1591.His intention to ____ the two close friends didn't work as they both knew that he was not a real friend.
a.sort b.separation c.alienate d.relate e.nag
1592.The doctor has been trying to find a(n) ____ to give to the poisoned patient.
a.cure b.heal c.medicine d.antidote e.antecedent
1593.England has many colonies. However, some of them are ____ and direct the countries themselves
without receiving orders from England.
a.dependent b.autonomous c.free d.democratic e.theocratic
1594.Technology isn't always ____ to humans. It may also destroy the nature.
a.benefit b.benevolent c.beware d.beneficiary e.beneficial
1595.Scientists have been doing research on the ____ between climate changes and the ozone layer.
a.cause b.correspond c.corrosive d.corruption e.correlation
1596.His conversation is full of ____ ideas; he should be clearer and more compact.
a.differ b.lucid c.diffuse d.obvious e.difficulties
1597.He ____ leaves the lights open when he goes out at night in order that thieves won't break into his house.
a.definitely b.deliberately c.delightfully d.unwisely e.indefinitely
192
1598.Countries should stop ____ weaponry to other countries in order to have peaceful world.
a.submitting b.providing c.subliming d.protecting e.subsequent
1599.That all guests have to sit in order of ____ in meetings shows a kind of hierarchy in the firm.
a.precedence b.prearrangement c.precaution d.acceptance e.proposition
1600.His ____ about the rates of inflation turned out to be incredibly true.
a.preconception b.prediction c.preconceived d.precision e.predestination
1601.The stars are not ____ to our naked eyes because of the clouds.
a.visibly b.vision c.visible d.further e.vise
1602.Despite their ____ , professors do not always know everything about their subjects.
a.post natal b.post script c.post war d.posturing e.post-modernism
1603.He thinks he is ____ to everyone in the class since his father is very rich, but in fact he is lazy and his
grades are the lowest.
a.overestimated b.superior c.supervisory d.superiority e.superlative
1604.It was ____ that the teacher asked us to solve such easy questions in the final exam.
a.rigid b.evidence c.ridiculous d.serious e.repetitions
1605.Good ____ communication is needed in this company.
a.interpersonal b.immoral c.intramural d.intransitive e.transient
1606.Switzerland is one of the most ____ countries in Europe.
a.belligerent b.underprivileged c.affluent d.misunderstood e.underdeveloped
193
Answers 1501-1606
1501-e,1502-d,1503-d,1504-a,1505-d,1506-a,1507-d,1508-a,1509-d,1510-a,1511-c,1512-c,1513-b,1514-d,1515-
d,1516-a,1517-d,1518-c,1519-d,1520-d,1521-b,1522-b,1523-d,1524-d,1525-a,1526-d,1527-a,1528-c,1529-d,1530-
d,1531-b,1532-d,1533-a,1534-d,1535-e,1536-a,1537-b,1538-b,1539-b,1540-e,1541-a,1542-a,1543-b,1544-d,1545-
b,1546-b,1547-c,1548-a,1549-a,1550-d,1551-d,1552-c,1553-a,1554-d,1555-e,1556-b,1557-b,1558-e,1559-b,1560-
a,1561-e,1562-a,1563-c,1564-e,1565-b,1566-b,1567-b,1568-e,1569-a,1570-c,1571-b,1572-d,1573-b,1574-d,1575-
a,1576-c,1577-b,1578-d,1579-c,1580-d,1581-d,1582-b,1583-e,1584-b,1585-c,1586-d,1587-b,1588-e,1589-d,1590-
a,1591-c,1592-d,1593-b,1594-e,1595-e,1596-c,1597-b,1598-b,1599-a,1600-b,1601-c,1602-d,1603-b,1604-c,1605-
a,1606-c
194
Phrasal Verbs 3
1607.While they were on holiday their house was broken ______ and some valuable paintings were stolen.
a.down b.into c.about d.away
1608.By the way, I’ve just heard that Sally and Chris have ______ their engagement.
a.broken into b.broken down c.broken away d.broken up
1609.After a bitter discussion they went ______ each other.
a.to b.at c.off d.over
1610.No one really believed it when the news came that Titanic had ______.
a.gone away b.gone down c.gone out d.gone by
1611.I’ve been afraid of dogs ever since a large Canine ______ me when I was a child.
a.went for b.went after c.went to d.went over
1612.By the way, Bill, how much did that Regency desk go ______ in the auction on Saturday?
1613.By the way, Clive ______ (paid a short visit) but you were out. So I told him to come and see you
tomorrow.
a.fall for b.called by c.get by d.cut down in
1614.A bomb ______ (exploded) in the town center, killing three people and injuring twenty-five others.
a.went on b.went off c.set on d.set off
1615.Don’t eat that cheese - it’s ______!
a.gone away b.gone out c.gone off d.gone down
1616.It’s difficult to see through this windscreen - I can’t even make ______ where the road is.
a.up b.out c.into d.over
195
1617.He had such a strong accent that it was very difficult to ______ what he was saying.
a.make up b.make out c.make over d.make for
1618.A sudden draught caused the candle to ______ (stop burning).
a.put off b.cut off c.go off d.go out
1619.When the meeting had finished, they went ______ the plan once again.
a.up b.on c.over d.down
1620.Lucille is ______ a difficult period at work right now.
a.going into b.going over c.going out of d.going through
1621.I know you’ve got it - so come on, ______!
a.hand it on b.hand it out c.hand it over d.hand it in
1622.Could you hold ______ a minute? I’ll be right back.
a.on b.in c.up d.on to
1623.I’ll have to ______ now, I’m afraid; there is someone at the door.
a.hang on b.hang up c.hang out d.hang back
1624.When a fire ______ at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.
a.broke out b.broke off c.broke down d.broke through
1625.I took the doctor’s prescription to the chemist’s to be ______.
a.made out b.made up c.made over d.made into
1626.I’m not surprised that Tom and Julie have ______. They were never really suited.
a.broken down b.broken off c.broken up d.broken away
196
1627.Are you sure you aren’t holding your stomach ______, Charles? Your waist was two inches more than
this the last time I measured it.
1628.It’s really windy today, so ______ your hat!
a.hold on to b.hold down to c.hold by d.hold for
1629.I hope help comes soon, Julie. I don’t think we can ______ much longer.
a.hold back b.hold over c.hold in d.hold out
1630.I’m sorry I’m late. I was ______ in the traffic.
a.held back b.held down c.held over d.held up
1631.John won’t be arriving until later, I’m afraid. His train’s been ______.
a.held up b.held off c.held back d.held in
1632.Keep ______ alcohol and don’t smoke.
a.at b.with in c.away d.off
1633.He kept ______ trying to annoy me and in the end I just hit him.
a.in b.on c.at d.with
1634.The dog let ______ a yowl of pain when accidentally stepped on its tail.
a.out b.off c.up d.through
1635.As the doctor arrived to attend to the girl who had fainted, the crowd moved to one side to ______.
a.let him off b.let him through c.let him down d.let him out
1636.Our living room looks ______ the mountains.
a.up to b.at c.to d.on to
197
1637.I ______ the paper for news of the proposed strike, but didn’t find anything.
a.looked over b.looked into c.looked on d.looked through
1638.I was ______ (moving towards) the post office when it suddenly started to rain.
a.running down b.taking up c.get through d.making for
1639.I must get a new pair of boots. I’ve ______ my old ones.
a.worn off b.worn down c.worn out d.worn away
1640.Looking carefully, we made ______ a tall figure in the darkness.
a.out b.over c.up d.off
1641.Can you make ______ this prescription, please?
a.up b.over c.for d.off
1642.Some working parents ______ being absent all day by giving their children lots of presents.
a.make out b.make out of c.make up d.make up for
1643.I don’t believe a word you’re saying. I think you’ve made the whole thing ______.
a.for b.up c.out d.down
1644.The other day I came ______ an advert for a job you might be interested in.
a.through b.over c.across d.around
1645.How is the new book coming ______, (progressing) Simon?
a.along b.down c.in d.up
1646.The policeman told the people to ______ when they stopped to watch the accident.
a.hurry up b.get away c.go off d.move along
198
1647.Although she was only sixteen she looked a lot older. In fact, she could easily pass ______ twenty-one.
1648.Before we start the meeting today I’d like to ______ (distribute) some notes I’ve made about the
forthcoming advertising campaign.
a.let down b.send out c.pass out d.give on
1649.All my hard work paid ______ in the end - I came top of the class in the exam.
a.up b.off c.out d.in
1650.He put six rings on the table and told her to ______ the one she liked best.
a.pick off b.pick out c.pick at d.pick on
1651.There were so many people leaving the hotel that it took nearly an hour to ______.
a.check up b.check out c.check in d.check over
1652.I try to keep ______ the latest fashions by going lots of shows in London.
a.up with b.along with c.up to d.next to
1653.Sales were down so they had to ______ some of their staff.
a.put out b.get out c.lay off d.turn down
1654.It took the soldier a long time to ______ the death of his comrade.
a.get round b.get over c.get across d.get through
1655.It’s an excellent story, and in the end it turns ______ that everyone had a part in the murder.
a.out b.up c.in d.away
1656.I think I’ll have to sell my car. It keeps ______.
a.breaking off b.breaking up c.breaking down d.breaking in
199
1657.It took him a long time to come ______ our way of thinking.
a.across to b.round to c.down to d.in at
1658.Sorry I’m late but I was ______ by traffic.
a.held up b.held in c.held over d.held out
1659.He was going to reply her letter, but for various reasons he never got ______ it.
a.up to b.round to c.over d.out of
1660.It was a very difficult problem - one which no one could see a way of ______.
a.getting through b.getting out c.getting over d.geting round
1661.The firefighters had to break the door ______ to rescue the little girl.
a.into b.out c.down
1662.The burglar broke ______ the house and stole all their money and jewelry.
a.away b.into c.forth
1663.I don’t know why their marriage is breaking ______.
a.through b.in c.up
1664.After two hours of hard work, we decided to break ______ for a little cup of coffee.
a.off b.up c.into
1665.We have to break ______ all our emotional barriers to feel free.
a.away b.down c.into
1666.When he spread the news, panic broke ______ in the city.
a.in b.away c.out
200
1667.Scientists will break ______ in their search for new sources of energy.
a.up b.through c.out
1668.Mary feels miserable, for she’s just broken ______ her boyfriend.
a.with b.up c.down
1669.Does this bring ______ memories?
a.in b.on c.back
1670.Did he ever bring ______ that book?
a.back b.up c.on
1671.Can I bring ______ my friend?
a.up b.along c.out
1672.The terrible scene of the crime continues to come ______ to me now and then.
a.back b.between c.down
1673.Nobody wants to come ______ as a witness of the crime.
a.over b.forward c.at
1674.I wonder why his experiment never came ______.
a.from b.upon c.off
1675.He came ______ with a good solution to the problem.
a.apart b.out c.up
1676.He was lucky to come ______ without any scratches.
a.through b.under c.by
201
1677.Will the stain come ______ if I wash it?
a.out b.in c.up
1678.The question didn’t come ______ so I was happy.
a.up b.in c.down
1679.To be hit by a car or bus is the same as to be ______ down.
a.cooled b.marked c.knocked
1680.To pass things from father to son is the same as to ______ down from generation to generation.
a.calm b.hand c.climb
1681.To relax from stress is the same as to ______ down.
a.wind b.lie c.let
1682.The manager failed to get his ideas ______ to the employees.
a.across b.down c.in
1683.She is very well-paid, so she can get ______ without any help from him.
a.about b.over c.by
1684.I hope you don’t get ______ trouble again.
a.into b.on c.in
1685.I can’t get ______ all this work. I need some help.
a.about b.away c.through
1686.The rumors of his dismissal will soon get ______.
a.along b.away c.about
202
1687.If you’re in trouble, get ______ to a lawyer.
a.by b.on c.in
1688.He gave ______ all his fortune to charities.
a.down b.away c.up
1689.Don’t forget to give my books ______. I need to study for my exams.
a.out b.back c.up
1690.This must be a special type of writing paper, for it gives ______ a very pleasant smell.
a.on b.off c.up
1691.I don’t think you should go ______ a job in that company.
a.after b.in c.to
1692.The price of gas did not go ______ as we expected.
a.off b.about c.down
1693.My complaint goes ______ you, too.
a.on b.for c.in
1694.Don’t you think we should go ______ our plans again?
a.down b.through c.on
1695.What he said goes ______ his principles.
a.against b.off c.ahead
1696.Put the milk in the fridge or it will go ______.
a.out b.off c.down
203
1697.To join the army is the same as to ______ into the army.
a.go b.let c.look
1698.To make a quick decision about something is the same as to ______ into something.
a.look b.rush c.break
1699.To fit into something later is the same as to ______ into it.
a.let b.make c.grow
1700.To suddenly cry is the same as to ______ into tears.
a.fly b.burst c.run
1701.The doctor said that I have to keep ______ alcohol.
a.on b.off c.up
1702.Shut the door and keep the dogs ______ of the house.
a.away b.off c.out
1703.He never let us down, for he always kept ______ his promises.
a.at b.to c.back
1704.If you keep ______ your work, you’ll like it.
a.in b.with c.at
1705.When she got the promotion, she started to look ______ on the people she used to work with.
a.up b.for c.down
1706.People looked ______ him as a great leader.
a.on b.forward c.in
204
1707.I’m looking ______ to visiting my relatives in California.
a.for b.forward c.up
1708.He is really lucky! He got a room that looks ______ on the sea.
a.up b.over c.out
1709.If you don’t know the word, look it ______ in the dictionary.
a.up b.for c.at
1710.It was so foggy that she couldn’t make ______ the road ahead.
a.out b.over c.up
1711.The man made ______ with all her money.
a.for b.off c.up
1712.Nothing will make ______ for their inefficiency.
a.in b.out c.up
1713.How is he making ______ with his new girlfriend?
a.out b.off c.away
1714.Don’t trust him. He always makes ______ stories.
a.up b.out c.after
1715.Only good employer-employee relationships can make ______ good production.
a.at b.for c.after
1716.When he sees blood, he passes ______.
a.over b.out c.on
205
1717.Can you help me pull ______ these boots?
a.off b.our c.in
1718.I think I just saw dad’s car pull ______ the driveway.
a.into b.over c.by
Answers 1607-1718
1607-b,1608-d,1609-b,1610-b,1611-a,1612-b,1613-b,1614-b,1615-c,1616-b,1617-b,1618-d,1619-c,1620-d,1621-
c,1622-a,1623-b,1624-a,1625-b,1626-c,1627-c,1628-a,1629-d,1630-d,1631-a,1632-d,1633-b,1634-a,1635-b,1636-
d,1637-d,1638-d,1639-c,1640-a,1641-a,1642-d,1643-b,1644-c,1645-d,1646-c,1647-b,1648-c,1649-b,1650-b,1651-
b,1652-a,1653-c,1654-b,1655-a,1656-c,1657-b,1658-a,1659-b,1660-d,1661-c,1662-b,1663-c,1664-a,1665-b,1666-
c,1667-b,1668-a,1669-c,1670-a,1671-b,1672-a,1673-b,1674-c,1675-c,1676-a,1677-a,1678-a,1679-c,1680-b,1681-
a,1682-a,1683-c,1684-a,1685-c,1686-c,1687-b,1688-c,1689-b,1690-b,1691-a,1692-c,1693-b,1694-b,1695-a,1696-
b,1697-a,1698-a,1699-c,1700-b,1701-b,1702-c,1703-b,1704-c,1705-c,1706-a,1707-b,1708-c,1709-a,1710-a,1711-
b,1712-c,1713-a,1714-a,1715-b,1716-b,1717-a,1718-b
206
Modal Verbs 2
1719.A: You are ill. You _____ in the balcony. It isn't warm outside. B: I'm wearing warm clothes. Don't
worry.
a.needn't sit b.can sit c.must sit d.mustn't sit
1720.A: I don't want to leave my phone at the desk before I enter the exam hall _____ ? B: Unfortunately,
yes. It is the rule.
a.Can I b.Must I c.May I d.Could I
1721.A: You _____ wash those strawberries I've already washed them B: Oh, good. Thank you.
a.needn't b.must c.couldn't d.can
1722.I _____ tell the time when I was 8 years old, but now I can.
a.can b.couldn't c.can't d.could
1723.A: _____ help you? B: Yes, please. I'm looking for a leather jacket.
a.Must I b.Have I c.Can I d.Did I
1724.A: Betty _____ pay her rent today. B: I hope she has enough money.
a.can b.must c.needn't d.can't
1725.A: I ____ open this jar. B: Let me help you. _____ use a knife? A: No problem.
a.can't / Can I b.mustn't / Must I c.needn't / May I d.can / Could I
1726.A: _____ turn on the volume of the radio 7 This is my favourite song. B: Sure. You _____ ask me. I'm
never disturbed by music.
a.May I / can't b.Could I / must c.Must I / could d.Can I/ needn't
1727.A: I _____ work hard during the weekend. B:Why? A: I _____ finish my weekly task yesterday.
a.can/ mustn't b.mustn't/ must c.can't/ needn't d.must/ couldn't
207
1728.She _____ smoke because she is pregnant and it is harmful to the baby
a.needn't b.couldn't c.mustn't d.can
1729.A: _____ read and write when you were 5? B:No, I _____ .
a.Could you / couldn't b.Can you / can't c.May I / must d.Must I / needn't
1730.This medicine _____ heal you. Give it a try.
a.can b.needn't c.mustn't d.couldn't
1731.A: Jeremy_____ come to the dinner party today. B: I know. As far as I know, he _____ go on a business
trip.
a.can / hasn't b.needn't / mustn't c.can't / must d.mustn't / has
1732.A: I _____ speak English fluently before I stayed in England for a year. B: But now you _____That's
very good.
a.could / could b.must / needn't c.couldn't/can d.mustn't / must
1733.Andy _____ listen to his father because he is giving him very good advice about work.
a.didn't have to b.must c.can't d.had to
1734.A: Ken's bus ride from Moscow took more than 16 hours. It was a really long trip. B: He _____ be
exhausted now.
a.must b.had to c.couldn't d.needn't
1735.When you pick up heavy objects from the floor,you _____ bend your knees not to hurt yourself.
a.didn't have to b.have been able to c.had to d.must
1736.While Emily is on holiday, I _____ water her plants and flowers, or they will die.
a.didn't have to b.needn't c.can d.will have to
1737.Laurie _____ worry about missing her favourite TV show. I am recording it for her.
a.needn't b.must c.had to d.couldn't
208
1738.I have looked everywhere for my mobile phone. I just _____ find it.
a.needn't b.didn't have to c.can't d.mustn't
1739. Sheila and Trevor won the lottery jackpot on Saturday, so they _____ be extremely happy.
a.can't b.must c.needn't d.will have to
1740.Ever since my car broke down, I _____ drive to work; I _____ take the bus.
a.can't/ had to b.won't be able to/ must c.haven't been able to/ have had to d.mustn't/ needn't
1741.You _____ touch my dog because he looks aggressive;he _____ be sick.
a.needn't / has to b.can't / needn't c.mustn't / must d.didn't have to / can't
1742.We _____ fly home early because my husband got sick. Luckily, we _____ change our tickets without
having to pay any extra fee.
a.can / haven't been able to b.had to/ were able to c.could/ couldn't d.can't / must
1743.A: _____ call the travel agent? B: No, you ____ I've just booked the holiday online.
a.Can I / didn't have to b.Will I / don't have to c.Will we / couldn't d.Will you / mustn't
1744.A: _____ you run faster than your brother ? B:I _____ last year,but now I can't.
a.Can't / will be able to b.Will / needn't c.Must / don't have to d.Can / could
1745.I _____ be at the airport by 7 tomorrow morning, so I _____ use a taxi to be there on time.
a.must/ will have to b.had to/ needn't c.mustn't/ can't d.can / couldn't
1746.Arda has a doctor's appointment at half past 8 this morning, so he ____ come to the office at 9.
a.didn't have to b.might not c.ought not d.was able to
1747.Henry: _____ I have a cold drink, please? Mrs. Cavill: Yes, of course.
a.May b.Might c.Can't d.Mustn't
209
1748.A: _____ I use the printer, please? B: Sure.
a.Can b.Must c.Couldn't d.Can't
1749.The exam was so difficult that the students ____ answer most of the questions.
a.may not b.can c.should d.couldn't
1750.I _____ go to the party this evening because I feel really tired.
a.maybe b.didn't have to c.may not d.must
1751.To lose weight, Demir _____ go on a diet, and he ____ eat sweets and junk food.
a.might not / had to b.should / shouldn't c.can't / needn't d.needn't / couldn't
1752.That blue boat..........be my uncle Steven's.His boat is yellow and grey.
a.can't b.mustn't c.might not d.needn't
1753.You _____ talk to your friends or use a mobile phone while you are doing the exam because it is
forbidden.
a.don't have to b.should c.may d.mustn't
1754.A: _____ we go and pick some apples from the tree? B: Sure! I'd love to.
a.Might b.Must c.Will d.Should
1755.They _____ hurry! The post office closes in 10 minutes and they _____ post the letter today.
a.mustn't / didn't have to b.may/ should c.must/ have to d.could / can't
1756.During a fire, you _____ panic and run, and you _____ walk quickly towards the fire exit.
a.migh / couldn't b.may / mustn't c.shouldn't / should d.can't / were able to
1757.You _____ be hungry. You had no lunch.
a.can’t b.shouldn’t c.must d.couldn’t
210
1758.I _____ not have time to phone you this evening.
a.may b.must c.would d.didn’t
1759.He probably _____ be back in time for dinner.
a.isn’t b.wasn’t c.won’t d.doesn’t
1760.A: She can’t sing. B: Neither_____.
a.do b.could I c.am I d.can I
1761.It’s very cold. You _____ to put a sweater on.
a.should b.ought c.has d.must
1762.A: Will the director be back in the office today? B: He said he _____ be, but he wasn’t sure.
a.can b.might c.may d.has to
1763.A: _____. B: I’m sorry, but I haven’t got my car.
a.Will you give me a lift? b.Will I drive you to school? c.Could you drive a bit faster?
d.When will we meet?
1764.You _____ get the 8.45 train. It doesn’t stop at Yorkshire.
a.had better b.mustn’t c.should d.don’t have to
1765.We _____ play football today because it is raining.
a.couldn’t b.can’t c.aren’t d.didn’t
1766.A: I’ve got toothache. B: You’d _____ go to the dentist.
a.better b.should c.used to d.must
1767.Betty has a temperature. She _____ be ill.
a.had better b.used to c.can not d.must
211
1768.Good morning sir, what _____ I do for you?
a.would b.can c.will d.must
1769.A: I_____ play the guitar. B: But you said yesterday you _____ play it.
a.can’t / could b.can / could c.couldn’t / can d.could / could
1770.He _____ drive a car when he was eighteen.
a.is able b.could c.can d.is used to
1771.You _____ watch TV when you are studying.
a.didn’t b.shouldn’t c.couldn’t d.aren’t
1772.We _____ see him tomorrow.
a.might b.would c.had to d.ought
1773._____ you able to understand the lesson this morning?
a.Were b.Could c.Would d.Should
1774.A horse _____ go twice as fast as an elephant.
a.used to b.can c.is used to d.is able
1775.A: Do you like Florida? B: Not really. I’m not _____ the heat.
a.used to b.be able to c.get used to d.got used to
1776.A: Did your mother tell you stories when you were small? B: Yes, she _____ tell me Nasrettin Hodja’s
stories.
a.would b.used c.was used to d.is used to
1777.A: We must go soon, mustn’t we? B: Yes, we_____ go.
a.had better b.would c.had to d.will have to
212
1778.Nobody _____ come yesterday.
a.wasn’t able to b.should c.could d.were able to
1779.If I were you I_____ see a doctor.
a.would b.had better c.would rather d.should
1780.This _____ be the right road. There is no other way.
a.had better b.must c.have to d.would rather
1781.You _____ get the 9.45 train. You could get the 9.55 and still arrive in time.
a.don’t have to b.mustn’t c.should d.had better
1782.A: I’m putting on weight. B: You _____ go on a diet
a.ought b.had to c.needed to d.should
1783.You _____ to write and thank him.
a.has b.must c.ought d.needed
1784.My classmate can play basketball very well.
a.He must practice every day. b.He must be practice every day.
1785.My uncle is very strong. He can lift 300 kilograms!
a.He must be exercise a lot. b.He must exercise a lot.
1786.John and Steven are running to their next class.
a.They might be late. b.They might late.
1787.There’s someone studying at the library.
a.It can’t David. I think he’s at home. b.It can’t be David. I think he’s at home.
213
1788.Susan is telling everyone the password.
a.It mustn’t be a secret. b.It mustn’t a secret.
1789.What’s the capital city of the United States?
a.I don’t know but it can’t New York. b.I don’t know but it can’t be New York.
1790.My classmate just raised her hand.
a.She must know the answer. b.She must be know the answer.
1791.Hey! Look out the window, everyone. It’s snowing!
a.It can’t be snowing! It’s August! b.It can’t snowing! It’s August.
1792.My friend never passes his exams at school.
a.He mustn’t study very hard. b.He mustn’t be study very hard.
1793.Oh, no! My car won’t start. What’s wrong with it?
a.It may be out of gas. b.It may out of gas.
1794.I’m not sure but I think our exam is on Thursday.
a.It can’t on Thursday. b.It can’t be on Thursday.
1795.Eduardo is usually very tired in the mornings.
a.I think he can’t be get much sleep. b.I think he can’t get much sleep.
1796.Why didn’t you help him? You ___ have done it.
a.must b.can c.could d.were to e.was able to
1797.A: ___ I phone you tonight? B: Yes, you ___ .
a.may / may b.must / might c.could / can’t d.shouldn’t / shouldn’t e.have to / had to
1798.But I ___ stay in England for six months, and not for a fortnight as I had planned.
a.had to b.have to c.am able to d.can e.will have
214
1799.I ___ draw a circle with a pencil only, and you? -Neither can I.
a.can’t b.can c.may d.shan’t e.couldn’t
1800.Last week I ___ go to town on business trip as the Ministry of Education had asked me to come.
a.had to b.might c.should d.could e.was able to
Answers 1719-1800
1719-d,1720-b,1721-a,1722-b,1723-c,1724-b,1725-a,1726-d,1727-d,1728-c,1729-a,1730-a,1731-c,1732-c,1733-
b,1734-a,1735-d,1736-d,1737-a,1738-c,1739-b,1740-c,1741-c,1742-b,1743-b,1744-d,1745-a,1746-b,1747-a,1748-
a,1749-d,1750-c,1751-b,1752-a,1753-d,1754-c,1755-c,1756-c,1757-c,1758-a,1759-c,1760-d,1761-b,1762-b,1763-
a,1764-b,1765-b,1766-a,1767-c,1768-b,1769-a,1770-b,1771-b,1772-a,1773-a,1774-b,1775-a,1776-a,1777-a,1778-
c,1779-c,1780-c,1781-d,1782-c,1783-a,1784-a,1785-b,1786-,1787-b,1788-a,1789-b,1790-a,1791-a,1792-a,1793-
a,1794-b,1795-b,1796-c,1797-a,1798-a,1799-a,1800-a
215
If clauses and Wish clauses
1801.If he _____ me tomorrow, I _____ some difficulty doing the work on my own.
a.weren’t to help / would have b.doesn’t help / would have had c.shouldn’t help / would have had
d.wouldn’t help / had e.didn't help / will have
1802.If the primary candidates_____more on the issues, the results of the election_____ quite different.
a.had focused / would have been b.have focused / would be c.focused / can be
d.were focused / would have been e.will focus / could have been
1803.A: "Are you going to the theatre tomorrow?" B: “No, but I wish I _____ .”
a.had b.did c.am d.were e.will
1804.If I _____ so much vacation time, I _____ with you on the cruise to Miami next week.
a.hadn't had / wouldn't go b.didn't have / wouldn't have gone c.hadn't had / wouldn't have gone
d.weren't having / wouldn't be going e.didn't have / wouldn't go
1805.If there is ever another earthquake next year, this building _____ it because it was built according to the
new earthquake regulations.
a.had better withstand b.might have withstood c.is to withstand
d.whould withstand e.could have withstood
1806.If only I _____ then what I _____ now.
a.have known / am realizing b.knew / realized c.had known / realize d.know / realize
e.had known / realized
1807.She and her boyfriend_____married now if only she _____ a scholarship to have an academic degree in
the USA.
a.will be / wouldn’t have got b.are / hasn’t got c.could be / wouldn’t get
d.would be / hadn’t got e.should be / hasn't got
216
1808.If you_____ in a house, perhaps with a garage that has room for storing a telescope, then a larger
instrument _____ you well.
a.live / may serve b.lived / might serve c.were living / should serve d.had lived / could have served
e.had been living / would serve
1809.Oh, how I wish I _____ with you last night!
a.were b.was c.had been d.am e.have been
1810.Oh, how I wished you _____ there with me last night!
a.were b.was c.had been d.am e.have been
1811.I wish you _____ to me like that last night!
a.were speaking b.didn't speak c.hadn't spoken d.have been speaking e.spoke
1812.I feel as if I _____ in heaven when you take me into your arms.
a.will have been b.were c.had been d.have been e.was
1813.I am sorry, but I don't know where he lives. I wish I_____ .
a.did b.were c.had known d.do e.will know
1814.I now wish I _____ all of that money and saved some for the future.
a.didn't spend b.hadn't spent c.don't spend d.haven't spend e.won't spend
1815.I did terrible on the history test yesterday. I wish I __________ harder.
a.had studied b.studied c.study d.were studying
1816.Mary can't make it to the party tomorrow night. I wish she __________ it.
a.could make b.made c.were making d.had made
1817. Max isn't going to be there tomorrow. I wish he __________ there.
a.was going to be b.will be c.were going to be d.had been
217
1818.If she _____ me before half past nine today, I ____ any questions she may have.
a.had called/ answered b.will call/ answer c.called / had answered d.calls/ can answer
1819.The boss _____ very angry if you _____ the report by the end of the day.
a.won't be/ completed b.will be/ don't complete c.were/ had completed d.had been / completed
1820.If they ____ the overnight flight from Australia, they _____ tired when they arrive.
a.take/ will be b.took / would have been c.will take/ have been d.had taken / were
1821.A: _____ I hear from you, you ____ me a ride to school tomorrow, won't you ? B:That's right.
a.If / would have given b.If only / could have given c.Unless / will give d.I wish / would give
1822.If you _____ a rude person, ____ you still _____ calm and polite in front of him?
a.will meet/ can ... remain b.had met/ will ... remain c.meet/ would ... remain .met / would ... remain
1823.If we _____ the walls blue and white, the living room _____ much nicer .
a.would paint / looked b.had painted / will look c.painted / would look d.paint / had looked
1824.My friend Catherine _____ at home if she hadn't had so much work to do.
a.wouldn't have stayed b.didn't stay c.couldn't stay d.can't stay
1825.If you _____ late, you _____ your plane to Brazil.
a.wouldn't have been I had missed b.weren't/ won't miss c.aren't/ wouldn't miss
d.hadn't been/ wouldn't have missed
1826.If I _____ you were coming, I _____ you up from the train station.
a.would know/ could pick b.had known / would have picked c.know/ would pick
d.knew/ could have picked
1827.I really wish the phone _____ ringing.We _____ twenty calls so far this morning.
a.would stop / have had b.could stop / have c.can stop / are having
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d.would have stopped / will have
1828.If the cat _____ on the table, it _____ my mother's flower vase.
a.will jump / breaks b.jumps / may break c.jumped / would be broken
d.had jumped / would have been broken
Answers 1801-1828
1801-a,1802-a,1803-d,1804-e,1805-c,1806-c,1807-d,1808-a,1809-c,1810-a,1811-c,1812-b,1813-a,1814-b,1815-
a,1816-a,1817-c,1818-c,1819-b,1820-a,1821-c,1822-d,1823-c,1824-a,1825-d,1826-b,1827-a,1828-b
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Use of English
Use of English - дослівно перекладається як «використання англійської». Воно націлене
на перевірку граматики і словникового запасу.
Використання мови - не найскладніша секція в іспиті ЗНО з англійської, але з нею

виникає найбільше проблем, так як кожне з двох завдань має варіанти відповіді, а отже,
студенти включають "рандомний вибір" частіше, ніж варто було б. А тут треба
проаналізувати кожне слово на предмет:
-збігу граматичної форми: чи підходить варіант по часу (наприклад, Present Perfect або
Past Simple), за формою (деякі слова після себе беруть герундій, а деякі інфінітив);
-збігу лексичної форми (прикметник (adjective) потрібно або герундій(adverb));
-збігу за змістом (прочитати текст і зрозуміти, який з чотирьох варіантів відповіді

підходить по відтінку значення).
Зрозуміло, що для того, щоб такий аналіз зробити, потрібно знати правила і форми, слова і
відтінки їх значень. Які ж саме розділи граматики потрібні?
По-перше, часи. Це здається, що їх 16 для активного застави (Active Voice) і 10 для

пасивного (Passive Voice). За фактом, є чотири групи (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect
Continuous) для Active Voice і три групи (Simple, Continuous (Present & Past), Perfect)
для Passive Voice. Погодьтеся, що 7 і 26 - це суттєва різниця. Так що не так вже все й
страшно.
По-друге, слова, які після себе беруть герундій або інфінітив. Так, тут вже потрібно їх
вчити.
По-третє, фразові дієслова. Це, звичайно, підло з боку англомовного світу - так
ускладнити життя всім іншим. Але тут є вихід. Згадуємо дитячий сад і малюємо сніжинки.
По-четверте, стійкі вирази. Деякі слова добре (і правильно) звучать разом, деякі не
звучать. Покладатися на "звучить-не звучить" не варто. Краще все-таки подібні вирази
перевіряти і запам'ятовувати.
І останнє в групі must-learn - це умовні речення(Conditionals). Їх всього три основні

групи, які потрібно знати і пам'ятати: реальне майбутнє, вигадані ситуації, нереальне
минуле (жаль і критика). Найпростіше: зробити собі три перевірочних приклади і
запам'ятати ще 5-6 слів (as soon as, unless, when, as long as, provided that, etc.), які
використовуються замість if.
Це, в цілому, база, яка допоможе успішно виконати граматичну частина "Використання
мови". Якщо дозволяє час і є бажання, то ось ще:
Possessive Case (sister's - sisters ')
Personal Pronouns VS Possessive Adjectives (mine-my)
Determiners (other / another, this / that / these / those, each / every, either / neither, etc.)
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Nouns (plurals, countable / uncountable)
Adjectives (-ing / -ed; comparisons)
Modals (must, have to, should, can, may, etc.)
Почнемо з прикладів на лексику (слова, словосполучення, ідіоми):
First came the Great Wall of China, said to be the only monument ______________ from space.
A) looked B) visible C) shown D) publicised
Варіант D відразу прибираємо, так як нічого оголошувати (рекламувати) з космосу ми не

можемо. Залишаються три. Shown - показаний, нам не підходить, так як Велику Стіну нам
не показують з космосу 🙂
Отже, А чи В. Looked не зовсім підходить за змістом (так як вимагає виконавця: хто саме
дивиться) і граматично (looked at). Отже, В (visible - помітний неозброєним поглядом) -
правильна відповідь.
А ось варіант з прийменниками і сталими виразами:
That was announced by Hollywood start Bipasha Basu who, along _____________ Oscar-
winning actors Ben Kingsley and Hilary Swank presented the ceremony.
A) for B) to C) at D) with
Правильним буде тільки варіант D, так як вираз звучить: along with - разом с. Не знаючи
дане словосполучення, здогадатися можна за змістом, так як на нашій мові прийменник
такий же, як і в англійському, але от не знаючи слово along, вже ніяк не вгадаєш.
А тепер варіанти на граматику:
A traditional red phone box ____________________ into one of the smallest lending libraries -
stocking 100 books.
A) recycle B) recycled C) was recycled D) has been recycled
Почнемо аналіз. Потрібно зрозуміти речення, а саме той факт, що телефонна кабінка була
перероблена кимось, отже нам потрібен Passive Voice, і ми сміливо прибираємо варіанти
А і В. Залишається С (was recycled - Past Simple) і D (has been recycled - Present Perfect).
Для варіанту З потрібне чітке зазначення часу в минулому. Раз його немає, то залишається
тільки D, так як Present Perfect вказує на результат якоїсь дії в минулому (переробили
колись, результат - бібліотека - видно зараз).
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Ось ще приклад з різними формами одного і того ж слова, коли потрібно вибрати
відповідну частину мови:
But even with their powerful night vision, cats can not see in _________________ darkness.
A) completed B) completion C) completely D) complete
Давайте розглянемо значення кожного варіанта:
А - completed - завершений (прикметник);
B - completion - завершення (іменник);
C - completely - повністю (прислівник);
D - complete - повний, цілісний, абсолютний (прикметник).
За змістом нам потрібно поставити прикметник, тобто варіанти В і С відразу виключаємо,

залишаються А і D. Тут вже включаємо логіку: темрява може бути тільки повною
(абсолютною), але ніяк не завершеною. Отже, правильна відповідь - D.
Text 1.The Netherlands

Welcome to the Netherlands, a tiny country that only extends, at its broadest, 312 km north to
south, and 264 km east to west - (1) ... the land area increases slightly each year as a (2) ... of
continuous land reclamation and drainage. With a lot of heart and much to offer, 'Holland,' as it
is (3) ... known to most of us abroad - a name stemming (4) ... its once most prominent provinces
- has more going on per kilometre than most countries, and more English-speaking natives.
You'll be impressed by its (5) ... cities and charmed by its countryside and villages, full of
contrasts. From the exciting variety (6) ... offer, you could choose a romantic canal boat tour in
Amsterdam, a Royal Tour by coach in The Hague, or a hydrofoil tour around the biggest harbour
in the world - Rotterdam. In season you could visit the dazzling bulb fields, enjoy a full day on a
boat, or take a bike tour through the pancake-flat countryside spiced with windmills. The
possibilities are countless and the nationwide tourist office, which is on hand to give you
information and (7) ... reservations. You'll have (8) ... language problems here, as the Dutch are
true linguists and English is spoken here almost universally.
Questions
1. A) so B) despite C) in spite of D) although
2. A) whole B) consequently C) rule D) result
3. A) regularly B) occasionally C) commonly D) unusually
4. A) in B) from C) on D) of
5. A) historic B) historical C) historically D) historian
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6. A) at B) in C) on D) for
7. A) sit B) catch C) do D) make
8. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
Text 2. The Story of Gold

The story of gold is an adventure involving kings, queens, pirates, explorers, conquerors, and the
native peoples they conquered. Throughout history, gold has woven a magic spell over those it
touched. Gold is beautiful and rare; a soft shiny metal that can be moulded into many (1) ... . It
has been used for money, jewellery, and to decorate special buildings such (2) ... palaces and
places of worship. (3) ... the precious metal was discovered, prospectors rushed to mine it,
starting new cities and countries as they went. Gold and the people who love it have helped
shape the world we live (4) ... today. Gold is one of many elements, or substances that cannot be
changed by normal chemical means, that are found in the Earth's crust. Gold has a warm, sunny
colour and (5) ... it does not react (6) ... air, water, and most chemicals, its shine never fades. In
its natural (7) ... , gold is soft and easily shaped. When heated to 1,062 Celsius it melts and can
be poured into moulds to form coins, gold bars, and other objects. Stories have been told, movies
(8) ... and legends born about the discovery of the world's great gold deposits. It is a saga of
dreams, greed, ambition and exploration.
Questions
1. A) formats B) outlines C) shapes D) lines
2. A) as B) like C) many D) to
3. A) Whoever B) However C) Forever D) Wherever
4. A) at B) in C) for D) on
5. A) yet B) despite C) because D) so
6. A) with B) in C) of D) at
7. A) estate B) stage C) state D) position
8. A) done B) made C) composed D) built
Text 3. Tourism
Tourism is one of the world's largest industries, and it is the fastest growing. It contributes over
£50 billion to the economy annually, over £12 billion of it from overseas visitors. About 25
million overseas visitors (1) ... Britain each year. Tourism is one of the biggest employment
(2) ... in the UK, too – it employs over 1.7 million people, which is more than in the construction
or health service industries.
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Around 20% of all new (3) ... are in this industry. These figures are very impressive, but how do
they translate (4) ... job possibilities for you? There is room in this industry for all sorts of
people, with different educational (5) ... , personal attributes, interests and career aims. A tourist
is really a traveller – someone who (6) ... a journey, usually for recreation, (7) ... a holiday or
sightseeing. (8) ... , tourism at its very simplest refers to the industry that provides travel and
entertainment facilities for people away from their own homes.
Questions
1. A) come from B) come to C) come away with D) come down to
2. A) zones B) sections C) districts D) sectors
3. A) works B) jobs C) employments D) vocations
4. A) into B) from C) for D) at
5. A) surroundings B) traditions C) backgrounds D) settings
6. A) makes B) does C) performs D) breaks
7. A) as B) such C) so D) like
8. A) Although B) Despite C) Therefore D) Because
Text 4. Keeping Kitten Healthy

A healthy kitten doesn't just happen. As the (1) ... you need to be proactive, because your kitty
can't (2) ... you when she feels sick. You should start as (3) ... as you bring her home - may be
even before. Take the kitten to get checked (4) ... within the first week (5) ... home; or before you
bring her home if you have other cats.
You need to play voyeur when your kitten poops and pees, feel for lumps and bumps (6) ... her
monthly exam, and watch for signs she's just under the (7) ... . Take her to the vet annually and
keep her current on her vaccinations. One of the most important decisions you can (8) ... about
your kitten's future is whether to have him (or her) fixed. Just a simple snip as early as eight
weeks old can mean the difference between your boy cat peeing on the wall or properly in the
litter box.
Questions
1. A) landlord B) owner C) head D) lender
2. A) say B) talk C) tell D) speak
3. A) soon B) far C) clear D) well
4. A) out B) down C) in D) off
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5. A) in B) on C) for D) at
6. A) when B) through C) during D) while
7. A) weather B) bridge C) covers D) flood
8. A) do B) make C) create D) cause
Text 5.The Giant Panda

The giant panda is a beloved animal in China. It is regarded (1) ... a national (2) ... . It is found
mostly in southwestern China in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. The giant panda is part
of the bear family. It has a white coat with black trimmings around its eyes and on its ears, arms,
and legs. Adult pandas can be 5 feet (1.5 meters) long and weigh (3) ... to 330 pounds (150
kilograms). The giant panda leads a (4) ... life, except during the mating season.
It lives in bamboo forests (5) ... the mountains. It can climb trees but lives mainly on the ground.
(6) ... most bears, the giant panda does not hibernate. It moves to low-lying areas during the
winter in search (7) ... warmer temperatures. The giant panda has a mainly (8) ... diet, eating
mostly bamboo shoots and leaves. It also eats insects and small rodents. Giant panda breeding
groups are small and isolated from one another.
Questions
1. A) like B) as C) to D) that
2. A) fortune B) value C) treasure D) prize
3. A) down B) on C) up D) off
4. A) solitary B) alone C) friendless D) unsociable
5. A) on B) at C) under D) in
6. A) Unlike B) But C) Owing D) Unlikely
7. A) to B) of C) for D) with
8. A) vegetable B) vegetate C) vegetarian D) vegetation
Answers for texts 1-5
1.1.d)although 1.2.d)result 1.3.c)commonly 1.4.b)from 1.5.a)historic 1.6.c)on 1.7.d)make

1.8.a)few
2.1.c)shapes 2.2.a)as 2.3.d)Wherever 2.4.b)in 2.5.c)because 2.6.a)with 2.7.c)state 2.8.b)made
3.1.b)come to 3.2.d)sectors 3.3.b)jobs 3.4.a)into 3.5.c)backgrounds 3.6.a)makes 3.7.d)like

3.8.c)Therefore
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4.1.b)owner 4.2.c)tell 4.3.a)soon 4.4.a)out 4.5.d)at 4.6.c)during 4.7.a)weather 4.8.b)make
5.1.b)as 5.2.c)treasure 5.3.c)up 5.4.a)solitary 5.5.d)in 5.6.a)Unlike 5.7.b)of 5.8.c)vegeterian
Text 6.The environmental concerns

Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1) … human
activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (2) … on consuming
two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so (3) … to stay alive
we are rapidly destroying the very resource we have by which all people can survive and
prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (4) …built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources
are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely. We discharge
pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (5) … the planet's
ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and
consumption are (6) … increasingly heavy demands on it. The Earth's natural resources are
there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to
(7) … us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources
they will (8) … indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run
out and everyone will suffer.
Questions
1.A)Despite B)Although C)Yet D)Still
2.A)continues B)repeats C)carries D)follows
3.A)already B)just C)entirely D)for
4.A)neither B)sooner C)either D)rather
5.A)product B)reaction C)development D)result
6.A)doing B)making C)taking D)having
7.A)hold B)maintain C)keep D)stay
8.A)remain B)last C)go D)stand
Text 7.From now on

The use of computers has meant students can study language programmes (1) … their own speed
when and for how long they want. What's more, in the virtual classrooms of the future the
student will (2) … on their headset, and be transported into an imaginary school, choose their
class, take the books they need off the shelf and (3) … conversations with other computerised
students.
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They might (4) … choose to pay a visit to the supermarket or the train station, the bank or the
restaurant. At the (5) … of a button they would be transported to (6) … realistic settings where
they could practice their English, maybe getting a hand from a virtual English companion. All
this perhaps, at the computer, from the comfort of their home: no (7) … to catch the bus to
college, or a plane to England.
Exciting? Certainly, and an interesting alternative to traditional classroom lessons. But would it
ever (8) … the classroom? Hopefully not. Surely the need to relate to real people talking about
real issues and generally learning a little more about others will always lead language learners to
(9) … at least a little of their time with real people.
Questions
1.A)for B)with C)in D)at
2.A)place B)put C)set D)get
3.A)take B)do C)catch D)hold
4.A)preferably B)although C)instead D)contrary
5.A)push B)hit C)force D)depress
6.A)so B)such C)alike D)like
7.A)need B)obligation C)duty D)role
8.A)replace B)succeed C)recover D)restore
9.A)make B)spend C)do D)have
Text 8.Sailing
Sailing tourism (1) … to any holiday where the main purpose of the trip is to sail or learn (2) …
to sail. Sailing tourism has two broad (3) … , which are defined by the type of boat used: a yacht
(which is also used as overnight accommodation) or a dinghy (a smaller boat without berths –
therefore overnight accommodation is (4) … land).
Yacht sailing holidays (5) … to be either bareboat charters, where the boat is hired – without
crew - and can be sailed to any chosen destination, or flotilla, where all boats in the flotilla
follow a pre-planned route. Dinghy sailing holidays are most (6) … to be combined (7) … a
sailing course. As with most niche markets, there are scant data available (8) … the sailing
tourism sector. However, it is estimated that around 10 million sailing holidays are taken each
year.
Questions
1.A)means B)indicates C)denotes D)refers

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2.A)how B)when C)about D)what
3.A)categories B)ranks C)orders D)levels
4.A)on B)in C)at D)under
5.A)tend B)head C)prefer D)trend
6.A)unlike B)likely C)like D)unlikely
7.A)with B)from C)to D)by
8.A)respecting B)regarding C)remarking D)relating
Text 9.Graceful cats

The largest cat of all, the tiger is a powerful (1) … among the different cultures that share its
home. But this magnificent animal is being (2) … across its range. Tigers are poisoned, shot,
trapped, and snared, largely as a result of conflicts with people and to (3) … the demands of a
continuing illegal trade in tiger derivatives and parts. On (4) … of this, both their (5) … and
natural prey continue to disappear. Over the past 100 years, tiger numbers have declined by 95
per cent and three sub-species have become (6) … — with a fourth not seen in the wild for over
25 years.
Tigers have always been hunted — as status symbols, for decorative items such as wall and floor
coverings, as souvenirs and curios, and for use in traditional Asian medicines. Hunting for sport
probably caused the greatest decline (7) … tiger populations up until the 1930s. In (8) … , in
many areas tigers were regarded as a pest that needed to be exterminated.
Questions
1.A)badge B)mark C) symbol D)sign
2.A)prosecuted B)persuaded C) persecuted D)peril
3.A)match B)meet C)face D)answer
4.A)top B)head C)cover D)peak
5.A)habit B)accommodations C)nest D)habitat
6.A)lost B)extinct C)abolished D) ended
7.A)from B)for C)in D)on
8.A)cause B)addition C)order D)person
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Text 10.Age of discovery
Why did European exploration begin to flourish in the 1400s? Two main (1) … stand out. First,
Europeans of this time had several motives for (2) … the world. Second, advances in knowledge
and technology helped make (3) … of discovery possible. Motives for Exploration For early
explorers, one of the main motives for exploration was the desire to find new trade routes to
Asia. By the 1400s, merchants and crusaders had (4) … many goods to Europe from Africa, the
Middle East, and Asia.
Demand (5) … these goods increased the desire for trade. Europeans were especially (6) … in
spices from Asia. They had learned to use spices to help preserve food during winter and to
cover (7) … the taste of food that was no longer fresh. Trade with the East, however, was
expensive and difficult. Muslims and Italians controlled the flow of trade. Muslim traders (8) …
goods to the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
Questions
1.A)senses B)excuses C)reasons D)cases
2.A)inspecting B)researching C)exploring D)investigating
3.A)cruises B)crossings C)trips D)voyages
4.A)caught B)run C)given D)brought
5.A)in B) to C)on D)for
6.A)attracted B)attentive C)interested D)keen
7.A)over B)off C)up D)down
8.A)removed B)carried C)passed D)conducted
6.1.a)Yet 6.2.d)carries 6.3.d)just 6.4.a)either 6.5.a)result 6.6.a)making 6.7.b)keep 6.8.d)last
7.1.b)at 7.2.d)put 7.3.c)hold 7.4.a)instead 7.5.b)push 7.6.d)such 7.7.a)need 7.8.A)replace

7.9.spend
8.1.b)refers 8.2.d)how 8.3.d)categories 8.4.d)on 8.5.d)tend 8.6.c)likely 8.7.d)with 8.8.c)regarding
9.1.a)symbol 9.2.d)persecuted 9.3.b)meet 9.4.c)top 9.5.d)habitat 9.6.d)extinct 9.7.b)in

9.8.a)addition
10.1.c)reasons 10.2.C)exploring 10.3.d)voyages 10.4.d)brought 10.5.d)for 10.6.c)interested

10.7.c)up 10.8.b)carried
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Text 11.True friend
(1) … friends is one of the most difficult and worthwhile experiences of human life (2) … it
requires time and (3) … and patience and understanding and acceptance and honesty. Many
people (4) … friendship with acquaintances and they're not the same at (5)… . Acquaintances are
people you (6) … with; they're convenient but interchangeable.
Friends are people you actively seek out, people with whom you have something in (7)… , and
the link is deeper and stronger. It is very possible for one to become the other, and everyone who
becomes a friend had to be an acquaintance first. (Friendship can be downgraded, for example,
when two people move apart geographically or emotionally or situationally - changing jobs, (8)
… status, and so on). If you've taken yourself off house arrest, you've begun making
acquaintances. The question then is how to turn an acquaintance into a friend.
Questions
1.A)Producing B)Building C)Doing D)Making
2.A)owing B)seeing C)because D)due
3.A)feat B)deed C)attempt D)effort
4.A)argue B)blend C)mix D)confuse
5.A)all B)control C)best D)ease
6.A)hang out B)hang back C)hang on D)hang up
7.A)advance B)regards C)touch D)common
8.A)marry B)marriage C)marital D)martial
Text 12.Social beverage

There are many (1) … and rewards for the study of wine. The grape has been said to be the only
fruit that naturally preserves itself and there is historical justification for the statement. At a time
when our modern techniques of storing fresh food were undreamed of, and fresh vegetables and
fruits were available only during the short local season, wine was indeed the (2) … of God. With
only modest intervention by ancient man, the grape and its associated yeast produced wine.
Here was a food with a (3) … like the fresh fruit which (4) … be stored and transported under
the existing conditions. (5) … least part of the time it survived in drinkable condition from
season to season or even occasionally for many seasons. The (6) … that wine produced euphoria
was not (7) … on ancient man, and it became not only a regular part of the diet (8) … also a
social beverage used for feasting, celebrating, and entertaining guests.
230
Questions
1.A)occasions B)reasons C)apologies D)excuses
2.A)gift B)talent C)award D)benefit
3.A)spice B)aroma C)flavor D)odor
4.A)may B)can C)need D)could
5.A)In B)On C)For D)At
6.A)feature B)fact C)case D)act
7.A)lost B)found C)wasted D)spent
8.A)or B)but C)and D)so
Text 13.Really pet

All parrots have one thing in (1) …: They are wild creatures. Unlike domesticated dogs and cats
that have been bred in captivity (2) … thousands of years, and are genetically programmed to
accept us and to live with us (3) … our terms, most parrots have been breeding readily in
captivity for only the last 15 years. In (4) … probability, the parents or grandparents of the hand-
fed baby parrot that you purchase today from a breeder or pet-store were wild-caught, imported
birds.
A baby parrot born in captivity may be tame, but it is still far better equipped psychically and
emotionally to (5) … with life in the wild than with life as someone's pet. A parrot may live 30 to
60 years or more, so it is a (6) … job teaching it to successfully and happily coexist with people.
Someone unprepared for this kind of commitment would be better (7) … with a more complaint
(8) … animal.
Questions
1.A)common B)addition C)advance D)fact
2.A)during B)while C)for D)since
3.A)at B)on C)in D)with
4.A)whole B)each C)every D)all
5.A)control B)handle C)approach D)deal
6.A)lifeline B)lifestyle C)lifework D)lifetime
7.A)up B)down C)off D)out
8.A)colleague B)company C)comrade D)companion
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Text 14.Bull fighting
Bull fighting, known in Spanish (1) … "corrida de toros," spread from the Iberian Peninsula to
Latin America with the Spanish and Portuguese colonization of the New World, (2) … it was
common in ancient Rome. The versions practised in Spain (and in parts of France) and its former
colonies in the Americas differ from that which predominates in Portugal, and not simply
because in the former the bull dies in the ring while in the (3) … it does not.
The (4) … recognised image of the "matador" with a cape and a sword standing close by a
charging bull is from the Spanish corrida de toros. Aside from the bull and the common ancestry
of the spectacle, the primary similarity between Spanish and Portuguese bull fighting is the great
(5) … of pump and pageantry of the event, which begin (6) … a parade of all the participants,
except the bulls, entering the ring. In (7) … Portuguese and Spanish bull fights, horses and
horsemen (8) … an important role.
Questions
1.A)as B)like C)from D)that
2.A)although B)unless C)despite D)because
3.A)lately B)latter C)later D)late
4.A)wide B)high C)widely D)broad
5.A)much B)number C)deal D)many
6.A)with B)in C)on D)to
7.A)either B)both C)nor D)neither
8.A)play B)take C)give D)make
Texts 15.Problems of TV addiction

The (1) … American watches television for more than four hours a day. A (2) … study found
that children 6 months to 6 years old spend on average 2 hours a day watching television, using a
computer or playing a video game. That is three times as long as they spend reading or (3) …
read to. Television makes children violent and aggressive. (4) ... to the National Institute of
Mental Health, there is a consensus developing among members of the research community that
violence on television does (5) … to aggressive (6) … by children and teenagers who watch the
programs.
Television discourages face-to-face interaction among children or families. Sitting (7) … in front
of the television leads to weight gain, increasing the chances of diabetes in children and heart
disease in adults. Television programs model undesirable behaviour such as drug and alcohol use
or (8) … relationships. Research indicates that students may be less able to engage in formal
descriptions of events or objects than their peers in the past.
232
Questions
1.A)moderate B)average C)mean D)standard
2.A)recent B)modern C)contemporary D)late
3.A)coming B)having C)becoming D)being
4.A)Due B)Used C)According D)Close
5.A)guide B)cause C)take D)lead
6.A)behavior B)appearance C)graces D)etiquette
7.A)emotionless B)passively C)still D)resigned
8.A)sickly B)unhealthy C)poorly D)unhealthily
11.1.b)Making 11.2.a)because 11.3.b)effort 11.4.d)confuse 11.5.b)all 11.6.b)hang out

11.7.a)common 11.8.c)marital
12.1.c)reasons 12.2.a)gift 12.3.c)flavor 12.4.b)could 12.5.c)At 12.6.b)fact 12.7.b)lost 12.8.c)but
13.1.d)common 13.2.d)for 13.3.b)on 13.4.a)all 13.5.a)deal 13.6.d)lifetime 13.7.d)off

13.8.b)companion
14.1.b)as 14.2.d)although 14.3.a)latter 14.4.c)widely 14.5.c)deal 14.6.d)with 14.7.a)both

14.8.c)play
15.1.c)average 15.2.c)recent 15.3.a)being 15.4.a)According 15.5.d)lead 15.6.d)behavior

15.7.d)passively 15.8.d)unhealthy
Text 16.The Great wall of China

The Great Wall of China is the biggest object (1) … made by humans. It (2) … across
mountains, deserts and grasslands for over 6,000 kilometres. The ancient Chinese built the wall
to keep invaders from the west (3) … of their country. Today tourists from all over the world
come and see it. The Great Wall began as a series of many smaller walls that were not (4) …
with each other. The first sections of the wall were built as early as 600 B.C. As time (5) … on
Chinese emperors connected them together to keep Huns, Mongols and other (6) … away.
Thousands of soldiers, criminals and peasants worked on building the wall. It was (7) …
completed during the Ming dynasty in the 17 th century. The Chinese wall is (8) … of dirt, mud,
stone and brick. It is between 5 and 9 metres tall and up to 8 metres wide. A small road runs on
the top of the wall. Towers every few hundred metres were built to store military supplies.
233
Questions
1.A)forever B)always C)never D)ever
2.A)prolongs B)covers C)streches D)enlarges
3.A)for B)up C)out D)down
4.A)related B)connected C)stocked D)married
5.A)passed B)ran C)went D)flew
6.A)races B)crowds C)sects D)tribes
7.A)absolutely B)once C)plainly D)finally
8.A)created B)made C)prepared D)produced
Text 17.City of canals

Venice, the world's only pedestrian city, is easily walkable, and the absence of cars makes this a
particularly pleasant (1)… . However, walking and standing (2) … day can also be exhausting,
so it is best to (3) … yourself. The Rialtine islands - the 'main' part of Venice - are small enough
to walk from one end to the (4) … in about an hour, provided you don't get lost (a common
occurrence). If you want to get around a bit more quickly, there are numerous vaporetti (water
buses) and water taxis. The vaporetti are generally the best way to get around, (5) … if the
service route map changes frequently.
If you are going to be in Venice for a few days visiting, it is a lot cheaper to use vaporetti than
private water taxis. If you want to have a romantic ride along the canals, (6) … for a gondola
ride, although they (7) … to exist for more scenic purposes, rather (8) … getting people from
point A to point B.
Questions
1.A)struggle B)knowledge C)experience D)involvement
2.A)whole B)total C)all D)complete
3.A)pace B)walk C)step D)stride
4.A)others B)second C)other D)another
5.A)even B)what C)as D)ever
6.A)take B)do C)go D)make
7.A)keep B)deny C)tend D)admit
8.A)from B)to C)than D)then
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Text 18.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian composer – one of the greatest in music history.
Even (1) … he died before his 36th birthday, Mozart (2) … more than 600 works. He was born
on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg. His father, Leopold was a composer , violin teacher and the
leader of a local orchestra. Young Wolfgang started playing the harpsichord at the age of three.
He composed his own piano (3) … at five, his first symphonies when he reached nine and whole
operas at the age of 12. Wolfgang never went to school. His father taught him languages ,
geography and history, maths and, of (4)… , music. Mozart came (5) … a loving family. He
loved to play duets with his older sister and he was very (6) … to his mother. His father (7) …
him through all stages in his life, taught him how to deal (8) … money and people, and how to
behave in society.
Questions
1.A)though B)as C) until D) if
2.A)invented B)caused C)designed D)created
3.A)chunks B)parts C)slices D)pieces
4.A)accord B)which C)course D)trance
5.A)from B)off C)on D)down
6.A)next B)beside C)close D)nearby
7.A)guided B)ruled C)escorted D)piloted
8.A)on B)to C)of D)with
Text 19.Denmark
Denmark covers 43,094 square kilometres, which is about twice the size of Massachusetts. It is
made (1) … of the narrow Jutland Peninsula and over 100 islands. No place in Denmark is
farther (2) … 52 kilometres from the sea. Jutland is joined to mainland Europe by a land border
with Germany. The soil here is generally (3) … and long ago was covered with moor, heath, and
sand dunes.
Today the use of modern fertilizers enables (4) … farming in Jutland. The most typical features
are low (5) … hills, lakes, and beaches. The Danish capital, Copenhagen, is situated on the
island of Zealand. Denmark's climate is strongly (6) … by the sea. Being surrounded by water
means Denmark receives a (7) … rainfall, averaging about 64 cm a year. Jutland is generally the
wettest part of the country; this area can receive over 76 cm of annual precipitation. The lack of
mountains has another strong influence (8) … the weather.
235
Questions
1.A)up B)off C)out D)after
2.A)to B)then C)from D)than
3.A)poor B)modest C)broke D)lame
4.A)sizable B)extensive C)spacious D)broad
5.A)passing B)rotating C)spinning D)rolling
6.A)influenced B)guided C)motivated D)inspired
7.A)tough B)heavy C)firm D)wild
8.A)on B)with C)for D)by
Text 20.Scandinavian warriors

The term Viking covers all the pagan peoples of Scandinavia who (1) … Old Norse, and
originated in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Gotland. The Vikings were (2) … farmers, fishers,
hunters and skilled craft workers. Many Vikings traded with Europe, Russia and Asia, (3) …
furs, walrus ivory, amber and slaves for silver, gold and luxury goods including wine, fine
textiles, pottery and glassware. Restricted by a (4) … of natural resources and land some Vikings
(5) … overseas to places such (6) … Britain, Iceland, Greenland and Newfoundland in search of
better land to farm.
During the ninth century, Danish Vikings (7) … in eastern England. From AD 870 they moved
west and invaded Wessex in AD 878. King Alfred of Wessex (8) … them in battle and
established a frontier dividing England into two parts. The north and east came under Danish
control (Danelaw) while Alfred governed West Mercia, Kent and Wessex.
Questions
1.A)talked B)told C)spoke D)said
2.A)mainly B)general C)basic D)remarkably
3.A)changing B)interchanging C)exchanging D)converting
4.A)plenty B)lot C)little D)lack
5.A)migrated B)removed C)disappeared D)abandoned
6.A)as B)so C)that D)like
7.A)settled B)placed C)housed D)set
8.A)wiped B)defeated C)demolished D)finished
236
16.1.a)ever 16.2.A)stretches 16.3.a)out 16.4.d)connected 16.5.c)went 16.6.d)tribes 16.7.a)finally

16.8.b)made
17.1.a)experience 17.2.c)all 17.3.d)pace 17.4.c)other 17.5.a)even 17.6.b)go 17.7.d)tend

17.8.d)than
18.1.c)though 18.2.d)created 18.3.c)pieces 18.4.c)course 18.5.b)from 18.6.c)close 18.7.c)guided

18.8.b)with
19.1.b)up 19.2.c)than 19.3.c)poor 19.4.d)extensive 19.5.a)rolling 19.6.d)influenced 19.7.c)heavy

19.8.c)on
20.1.c)spoke 20.2.a)mainly 20.3.a)exchanging 20.4.d)lack 20.5.d)migrated 20.6.c)as

20.7.a)settled 20.8.b)defeated
Text 21.Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be (1) … into textiles. The protein fiber
of silk is composed mainly of fibroin, and is (2) … by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The
best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx
mori, which is reared in (3)… .
The shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular prism-like structure of the silk fibre,
which (4) … silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles, thus producing different
colours.
Silk is produced by several insects, but, over the years, only the silk of moth caterpillars has been
used for textile (5)… , although there has been some (6) … into other types of silk.
Silk is mainly produced by the larvae of insects undergoing (7) … metamorphosis, but some
insects such as webspinners and raspy crickets produce silk (8) … their lives.
Questions
1.A)stitched B)woven C)knitted D)crocheted
2.A) produced B)manufactured C)invented D)offered
3.A)chains B)cell C)prison D)captivity
4.A)encourages B)tempts C)allows D)forces
5.A)fabricating B)constructing C)assembling D)manufacturing
6.A)scrutinizing B)probing C)research D)interrogation
7.A)complete B)entire C)thorough D)intense
237
8.A)through B)entirely C)completely D)throughout
Text 22.Great green wall

In Africa, scientists are hard at work (1) … land once rich with biodiversity and vegetation.
Eleven countries in the Sahel-Sahara region have (2)… to combat land degradation and bring
back native plant life to the landscape. In recent years, northern Africa has seen the quality of
arable land decline (3)… due to climate change and poor land management. Uniting under the
banner of the Great Green Wall initiative, national and regional leaders hope to (4)… this trend.
The project has since (5)… to include countries in both northern and western Africa.
Land degradation typically stems from both human-related and natural factors; overfarming,
overgrazing, climate change, and extreme weather are the most (6)… causes. Beyond affecting
land and the natural environment, this also poses serious (7)… to agricultural productivity, food
security, and quality of life. Nowhere is this issue more urgent than in sub-Saharan Africa, where
an estimated 500 million people live on land undergoing desertification, the most (8)… form of
land degradation.
Questions
1.A)recreating B)repairing C)rejuvenating D)restoring
2.A)joined B)merged C)amalgamated D)bonded
3.A)amazingly B)impressively C)significantly D)stunningly
4.A)turn B)reverse C)twist D)manoeuvre
5.A)stretched B)increased C)expanded D)fattened
6.A)common B)ordinary C)lackluster D)bland
7.A)hostilities B)threats C)aggressions D)conflicts
8.A)ultimate B) consumate C)supreme D)extreme
Text 23.Rogue waves

A rogue wave is usually (1)… as a wave that is two times the significant wave height of the
area. The significant wave height is the average of the highest one-third of waves that (2)… over
a given period. Therefore, a rogue wave is a lot bigger than the other waves that are (3)… in its
vicinity around the same time. Joshua Slocum, who completed the world's first solo sail around
the world, probably encountered a gigantic wave that (4)… the hull of his sailboat in 1895.
In 1966, the Italian cruise ship Michelangelo was traveling to New York when it was hit by a
wave (5)… to be 24 meters high. More recently, in 2005, the cruise ship Norwegian Dawn had
its ninth and 10th floor windows (6)… by a wave that rose to nearly 21 meters high. These so-
called freak waves are not (7)… to the Atlantic Ocean or North Sea. One of the places rogue
238
waves appear to happen most frequently is off the southeast coast of South Africa, where a large
ocean (8)… hits the fast-moving Agulhas current.
Questions
1.A)delineated B)illustrated C)defined D)exemplified
2.A)transpire B)arrive C)present D)occur
3.A)happening B)proceeding C)reacting D)creating
4.A)inundated B)submerged C)drowned D)overwhelmed
5.A)divined B)forecasted C)predicted D)estimated
6.A)scratched B)mashed C)smashed D) crumbled
7. A)imprisoned B)confined C)incarcerated D)circumscribed
8. A)swell B)billow C)undulation D)ripple
Text 24.Crittercam
Inside the Hopkins Marine Station's Gilly Lab, Dr. William Gilly (1)… at black-and-white
footage of a Humboldt squid. The new footage was (2)… using a Crittercam, a camera designed
to be mounted on a wild animal. The clip shows a squid (3)… with other members of its species.
In the distance, other squid flicker and flash like disorienting strobe lights. Gilly, a professor at
Stanford University, often works out of his lab at the Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove,
California. Hopkins is a Stanford-affiliated marine laboratory (4)… about 80 kilometers south of
the university's Palo Alto campus.
In 2009, Gilly (5)… to the Gulf of California to attach soda-bottle-sized Crittercams to

Humboldt squid, which can be up to two meters long. According to Gilly, the first Crittercam (6)
… to a Humboldt squid's body didn't stay secure for very long. So they (7)… the camera off
and disconnected the whole sleeve that held the camera onto the squid and just tore the whole
thing off the squid. (8)… , the whole camera assembly was buoyant, and was saved.
Questions
1.A)glares B)stares C)notices D)observes
2.A)captivated B)absorbed C)gathered D)assimilated
3.A)interacting B)socializing C)blending D)merging
4.A)stationed B)placed C)positioned D)located
5.A)hurried B)travelled C)cruised D)wandered
239
6.A)fastened B)bolted C)linked D)wrapped
7.A)separated B)wrenched C)split D)ripped
8.A)Undoubtedly B)Luckily C)Noticeably D)Convincingly
Text 25.A first time for everybody

Joe stepped onto the aeroplane and was met by one of the cabin crew who showed him to his
seat. This was his first flight and he was feeling quite nervous. His hands were (1)… slightly
and he was breathing deeply. He walked along the (2)… of the plane and found his seat. Joe had
spent a lot of time (3)… planning his holiday, given this was the first time he had been abroad.
Sitting next to him was an 8 year-old-boy who also (4)… to be quite nervous. Joe knew he was
quite good (5)… children, so he decided to try to calm the boy. After (5)… with the boy for a
few minutes, Joe produced some chocolate and gave it to him. The (7)…then became quite
cheerful as he explained that he loved chocolate (8)… much.
The man and the boy found that they (9)… well together as they chatted for the whole flight. Joe
discovered that they were on the same return flight the following week, which pleased them
both. When they (10)… at the terminal, Joe commented about what a very (11)… flight he'd
had. The young boy agreed, saying that he was looking forward to (12)… Joe again on the
return flight.
Questions
1.A)moving B)trembling C)jumping D)rattling
2.A)corridor B)path C)lane D)aisle
3.A)with B)to C)on D)at
4.A)was B)appeared C)sat D)showed
5.A)at B)for C)with D)by

6.A)conversing B)discussing C)debating D)negotiating
7.A)young B)youths C)juvenile D)youngster
8.A)too B)extremely C)so D)absolutely
9.A)got on B)were C)got to D)got so
10.A)disembarked B)took off C)left D)boarded
11.A)well B)good C)great D)fantastic
12.A)bumping into B)catching up with C)getting on with D)keeping up with
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Answers for Text 21-25
21.1.b)woven 21.2.a)produced 21.3.d)captivity 21.4.c)allows 21.5.d)manufacturing

21.6.c)research 21.7.a)complete 21.8.d)throughout
22.1.d)restoring 22.2.a)joined 22.3.c)significantly 22.4.b)reverse 22.5.c)expanded

22.6.a)common 22.7.b)threats 22.8.d)extreme
23.1.c)defined 23.2.d)occur 23.3.a)happening 23.4.b)submerged 23.5.d)estimated

23.6.c)smashed 23.7.b)confined 23.8.a)swell
24.1.b)stares 24.2.c)gathered 24.3.a)interacting 24.4.d)located 24.5.b)travelled 24.6.a)fastened

24.7.d)ripped 24.8.b)Luckily
25.1.b)trembling 25.2.d)aisle 25.3.c)on 25.4.b)appeared 25.5.c)with 25.6.a)conversing

25.7.d)youngster 25.8.c)so 25.9.a)got on 25.10.a)disembarked 25.11.b)good 25.12.b)catching up
with
Text 26. People’s hobbies

If you think that people’s hobbies are getting weirder, think again. Modern hobbies are tame
compared to some of the things people (1)… in the past. Here are just a few.
These days, everyone knows how to(2)… with photographs to make them look different from
real life. Trick photography goes back many years before the days of Photoshop. Back in the
late 1800s, when photography was in its(3)… , people used to enjoy posing with their families in
headless photographs. Otherwise serious family portraits would feature a typical family in their
best Sunday clothes, except that the father would be(4)… an axe, mother would be headless and
a child would be holding mama’s head(5)… . The effect was achieved by layering the images of
different photo negatives on top of each other. Judging by the sheer number of such pictures out
there, it was a pretty common(6)… a century or so ago.
Another favourite family day out in nineteenth century Paris was a visit to the city morgue. A
glass-walled, refrigerated room was set up a short walk from the Cathedral of Notre Dame
originally so that the public could identify the bodies of the dead. However, it became a huge(7)
… with as many as 40,000 visitors per day – similar to the numbers who visit Disney World
today. The morgue was(8)… in all the Paris guide books, and was popular for nearly 50 years
until it eventually closed in 1907.
Go back in history even further, to the days of the American civil war in the 1860s, another free-
time activity was the battlefield picnic. There was strong belief among the northerners that the
civil war would be over quickly, and the public wanted front(9)… seats. At the first battle of
Bull Run, troops were followed by hundreds of civilians carrying picnic baskets and(10)…
glasses, who then watched the from what they considered to be a safe distance. In the(11)…
morning, the battle went in their(12)… , but later on Confederate reinforcements arrived and the
tide turned. Soldiers and picnickers alike were soon running for their lives.
241
All in all, the today’s free-time pursuits seem positively tame compared to those of our
ancestors!
Questions
1.A)got over B)got round to C)got up to D)got by
2.A)tinker B)twinkle C)meddle D)potter
3.A)immaturity B)infancy C)childhood D)birth
4.A)controlling B)wielding C)exerting D)operating
5.A)above B)afield C)aloft D)ahead
6.A)tendency B)cult C)deed D)fad
7.A)event B)attraction C)theme D)charm
8.A)established B)drawn C)featured D)characterized
9.A)ticket B)stall C)row D)place
10.A)opera B)ballet C)concert D)theatre
11.A)proceedings B)affairs C)episodes D)aftermath
12.A)pleasure B)favor C)preference D)support
Text 27.Smoking and sugar

Many people have tried(1)… smoking at some point in their lives, and these days many of us(2)
… to stop taking(3)… substance which is not cigarettes, but which(4)… be killing the same
number of people(5)… tobacco, or even more. I am talking about sugar.
When I went to the doctor five years ago, he told me that sugar(6)… kill me one day if I didn’t
avoid(7)… it. My only chance of long-term survival, said the doctor, was(8)… all sugar from my
diet. Before that day, I(9)… to quit anything; (10)… , I didn’t think it would be too difficult. “I
have achieved difficult things in my life, much more difficult than that,” I thought. It wasn't true.
I didn't know how difficult it was to stop smoking, or drinking alcohol, because I(11)… addicted
to anything, but when I stopped eating sugar, I realised that sugar is a very powerful drug. I think
it(12)… easier if I had been addicted to nicotine, for example, instead of sugar. The first few
weeks or months I (13)… that I was eating chocolate or cakes, and then I woke up in the
morning and my body was crying for sugar.
It's been 3 months now, and I(14)… very, very little sugar in that time; only the added sugar that
food manufacturers put in some of their processed products, like bread, tinned tomato, etc. I am
very happy because I don't crave sweet things any more, and I feel(15)… healthier and energetic
than a few months ago.
242
Questions
1.A)to put down B)to give up C)putting down D)giving up
2.A)attempt B)had attempted C)attempted D)are attempting
3.A)other B)the other C)others D)another
4.A)might B)should C)can D)is able to
5.A)so B)as C)than D)that
6.A)was B)were C)will D)would
7.A)to eating B)to eat C)eat D)eating
8.A)cutting down B)putting out C)cutting out D)setting down
9.A)have never tried B)was never trying C)don’t tried D)had never tried
10.A)although B)however C)even though D)so
11.A)was ever B)was not ever C)had never been D)was never
12.A)would have been B)had been C)have been D)must be
13.A)used to dreaming B)was dreaming C)used to dream D)use to dream
14.A)have eaten B)have been eating C)ate D)having be eat
15.A)much B)many C)very D)most
Text 28.No more classes

The use of computers has meant students can study language programmes for their own speed
when and for how long they want. What's more, in the virtual classrooms of the future the
student will (1) ... on their headset, and be transported into an imaginary school, choose their
class, take the books they need off the shelf and (2) ... conversations with other computerised
students.
They might (3) ... choose to pay a visit to the supermarket or the train station, the bank or the
restaurant. At the (4) ... of a button they would be transported to (5) ... realistic settings where
they could practice their English, maybe getting a hand from a virtual English companion. All
this perhaps, at the computer, from the comfort of their home: no (6) ... to catch the bus to
college, or a plane to England.
Exciting? Certainly, and an interesting alternative to traditional classroom lessons. But would it
ever (7) ... the classroom? Hopefully not. Surely the need to relate to real people talking about
real issues and generally learning a little more about others will always lead language learners to
(8) ... at least a little of their time with real people.
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Questions
1.A)place B)put C)set D)get
2.A)take B)do C)catch D)hold
3.A)although B)preferably C)instead D)contrary
4.A)force B)hit C)depress D)push
5.A)so B)such C)like D)alike
6.A)role B)duty C)obligation D)need
7.A)replace B)restore C)succeed D)recover
8.A)spend B)make C)have D)do
Text 29.Genealogy
Genealogy is a part of history. It concerns family history, (1) ... than the national or world history
studied at school. It doesn't merely involve drawing a family tree, however - tracing your family
history can also (2) ... in learning about your roots and identity. The Internet enables millions of
people worldwide to (3) ... information about their family history, without great (4) ........ .
People who research their family history often (5) ... that it's a fascinating hobby which (6) ... a
lot about where they come from and whether they have famous ancestors. According to a survey
involving 900 people who had researched their family history, the chances of discovering a
celebrity in your past are one in ten. The survey also concluded that the (7) ... back you follow
your family line, the more likely you are to find a relation who was much wealthier than you are.
However, the vast majority of people who (8) ... in the survey discovered they were better off
than their ancestors.
Questions
1.A)instead B)rather C)except D)sooner
2.A)cause B)mean C)result D)lead
3.A)accomplish B)access C)approach D)admit
4.A)fee B)prize C)charge D)expense
5.A)describe B)define C)remark D)regard
6.A)reveals B)opens C)begins D)arises
7.A)older B)greater C)higher D)further
8.A)attended B)participated C)included D)associated
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Text 30.Phobias
The point of Phobia Awareness Week is to highlight the difficulties that many people face in
everyday situations. It is important to (1) ... between a fear and a phobia. It's (2) ... usual for all
of us to have our own peculiar fears, for example being anxious around snakes or nervous about
flying.
However, only a very small proportion of us actually have a phobia of these things. When these
fears begin to (3) ... you embarrassment or you feel that your life is being disrupted then you
would be wise to seek treatment for what could potentially be a phobia. By far the most (4) ...
phobia and potentially the most disruptive is agoraphobia. The word derives from Greek and
(5) ... means 'fear of the marketplace' but we apply it today to describe a distressing condition in
which people (6) ... going outside because of the awful feelings of anxiety that arise. Treatment
of phobias usually consists of the patient (7) ... behavioral therapy during which they gradually
get used to being near the object or the situation that causes them fear. Drugs may be prescribed
to treat anxiety and many people opt for alternative therapy such as acupuncture or hypnosis to
help them come to (8) ... with their fear and conquer it.
Questions
1.A)choose B)distinguish C)select D)pick
2.A)very B)absolutely C)quite D)truly
3.A)cause B)make C)create D)give
4.A)standart B)average C)normal D)common
5.A)precisely B)specifically C)literally D)exactly
6.A)dodge B)avoid C)miss D)slip
7.A)undergoing B)taking C)experiencing D)doing
8.A)acceptance B)terms C)realization D)comfort
Answers 26-30
26.1.c)got up to 26.2.a)tinker 26.3.b)infancy 26.4.b)wielding 26.5.c)aloft 26.6.d)fad

26.7.b)attraction 26.8.c)featured 26.9.c)row 26.10.a)opera 26.11.a)proceedings 26.12.b)favor
27.1. b)to give up 27.2.d)are attempting 27.3.d)another 27.4.a)might 27.5.b)as 27.6.d)would

27.7.d)eating 27.8.a)cutting out 27.9.d)had never tried 27.10.b)however 27.11.c)had never been
27.12.a)would have been 27.13. c)used to dream 27.14. a)have eaten 27.15.a)much
28.1.b)but 28.2.d)hold 28.3.c)instead 28.4.d)push 28.5.b)such 28.6.d)need 28.7.a)replace

28.8.a)spend
245
29.1.b)rather 29.2.c)result 29.3.b)access 29.4.d)expense 29.5.c)remark 29.6.a)reveals
29.7.d)further 29.8.b)participated
30.1.b)distinguish 30.2.c)quite 30.3.a)cause 30.4.c)normal 30.5.c)literally 30.6.b)avoid

30.7.a)undergoing 30.8.b)terms
Text 31.Sound advice for language learners

A recent issue of a language learning magazine has consulted a number of experts in the (1) ... of
second language acquisition. Their advice may prove invaluable for those (2) ... a language
course. One suggestion is that you assess whether you are likely to be successful at learning a
language. Did you enjoy studying languages at school, for example? Do you have enough time to
learn a language? The major cost will be your own time and effort. If proof of your level of
proficiency is important you must make sure that the course on offer leads to a (3) ...
qualification. Also, be realistic in your goals.
If you don't set achievable aims you are more likely to give up. Do not be deceived (4) ...
thinking that the most expensive courses are the best. (5) ... around to get the best possible value
for money. You should also bear in mind that the quicker you learn a language the more quickly
you forget it. Sandra Miller, a French teacher, tried to teach herself German by enrolling on a
(6) ... course. Already fluent in four languages and with a sound knowledge of teaching
methodology her chances of making progress were high. Three years (7) ... she remembers very
little. She feels her biggest mistake was not to follow (8) ... her first experience. "I should have
consolidated what I'd learn by continuing to study, even if it were by myself."
Questions
1.A)domain B)branch C)field D)area
2.A)wondering B)thinking C)looking D)considering
3.A)recognized B)understood C)valued D)regarded
4.A)by B)about C)into D)it
5.A)Nose B)Push C)Run D)Shop
6.A)rapid B)crash C)quick D)fast
7.A)on B)forward C)from D)onward
8.A)up B)on C)through D)up
Text 32.How to have perfect posture

Bad posture normally starts in our teenage years when we slouch around with our mates trying to
look cool. But hands up those who now while away their days sitting in front of a computer
246
where it's (1) ... too easy to neglect something as essential as good posture? As we grow older
these poor (2) ... are exacerbated, but by taking action immediately we can not only look and feel
better but protect our body for the future. Make sure you sleep on a firm mattress at night. (3) ...
lying flat on your back; instead try sleeping in a curled position on your side. The (4) ... revival
in platform shoes doesn't help and wearing shoes with heels more than several centimetres high
is just asking for (5) ... . Don't load everything into a bag that you wear on one shoulder or you'll
end up lopsided. (6) ... the weight evenly by wearing a rucksack or even a bag around your waist.
When you get home from a day's studying or work it's all too (7) ... to slump on the sofa in front
of the telly. Sitting in this way may feel comfortable but it prevents you from breathing properly.
Try to sit (8) ... with the stomach pulled firmly in.
Questions
1.A)so B)really C)all D)rather
2.A)customs B)habits C)rituals D)practices
3.A)Evade B)Prevent C)Avoid D)Restrain
4.A)existing B)topical C)contemporary D)current
5.A)concern B)problem C)trouble D)fuss
6.A)Share B)Circulate C)Disseminate D)Distribute
7.A)enciting B)attractive C)irrestible D)tempting
8.A)level B)erect C)vertical D)upright
Text 33.About fish and aquariums

There are more than 200,000 species of fish inhabiting many (1) ... waters. New species of fish
are discovered every year. From the deepest part of the seas thousands of feet down in total
(2) ..., to the beautiful aqua-blue waters of the coral reefs, to the streams, lakes, and ponds of
freshwater found throughout the world, fish have adapted an incredible variety of life-forms,
styles, and (3) ... . The group of aquatic animals we call fishes has evolved for over 400 million
years to be the most (4) ... and diverse of the major vertebrate groups. Forty-one percent of the
world's fish species inhabit only fresh water.
This is pretty (5) ... considering that fresh water covers only 1 percent of the world's surface. As
you probably already know salt water covers 70 percent of the earth's surface. So the number and
(6) ... of fresh water species to marine or saltwater species is all the more mind-boggling. While
they inhabit the smallest amount of water, they have, in fact, adapted to a much (7) ... range of
habitats and to a greater variety of water conditions. Let's take a closer look at the unique
adaptations of fish that have allowed them to live so (8) ... in the medium we call water.
247
Questions
1.A)differed B)differ C)different D)differs
2.A)darkened B)darkness C)dark D)darkening
3.A)behaved B)behave C)behaviors D)behaving
4.A)number B)numerous C)numb D)numbering
5.A)amaze B)maze C)amazing D)amazed
6.A)vary B)various C)varying D)variety
7.A)wider B)wide C)widen D)widened
8.A)success B)successes C)successfully D)succeed
Text 34.Cruising through history

To understand how cruising developed into a (1) ... industry, you have to take a brief look at the
past. Today's cruise industry (2) ... has its roots dated to the early 1840s. Among the earliest
cruise passengers was author Charles Dickens, who booked passage in 1842, along with 86
fellow (3) ... , on a mail ship called Britannia (operated by Canadian Samuel Cunard, (4) ... of the
Cunard Line).
Writing in American Notes about his journey from Liverpool to Halifax, Nova Scotia and
Boston, Dickens describes the cramped quarters, coffinlike cabins, and passengers, (5) ...
himself, getting (6) ... (although he claims that he just felt woozy). Conditions had somewhat
improved by the time Mark Twain took a transatlantic voyage on the steamship Quaker City in
1867. Twain described his cabin as having "room to turn around in, but not to swing a cat in, at
least with entire (7) ... to the cat. " Well, at least he didn't get sick. In The Innocents Abroad,
Twain wrote, "If there is one thing in the world that will make a man (8) ... and insufferably self-
conceited, it is to have his stomach behave himself, the first day at sea, when nearly all his
comrades are seasick.
Questions
1.A)successful B)success C)succeed D)successful
2.A)actual B)actuality C)actually D)actualize
3.A)travel B)travelled C)travelling D)travellers
4.A)found B)founded C)founder D)founding
5.A)include B)included C)inclusion D)including
6.A)seasick B)sea C)seas D)seawater
7.A)secure B)security C)secured D)securing
248
8.A)peculiar B)peculiarly C)peculiarity D)peculiarize
Text 35.The best of Edinburgh and Glasgow

Given the contrasting (1) ... of Edinburgh and Glasgow, any travellers who haven't examined a
map of Scotland might be forgiven for thinking that they are separated by hundreds of miles. In
fact, Scotland's two (2) ... cities are only about 72 km (45 miles) apart, but almost everyone who
visits them will be struck by their (3) ... . And although there is a good deal of (4) ... (and some
envy, too) between the two cities--like the Beatles' Lennon and McCartney--they are strongest as
a pair, each bringing value to the (5) ... .
Both cities contribute mightily and equally to the (6) ... vibrancy of the nation. With this in mind,
the country is planning to improve the public transport links between the two cities, expanding
the (7) ... of trains in the evening and contemplating running them past midnight. To the east,
Edinburgh offers a (8) ... and almost fairy-tale setting, with an imposing castle high on one of
many hills.
Questions
1.A)repute B)reputing C)reputations D)reputed
2.A)primed B)priming C)prime D)primary
3.A)different B)differences C)differed D)differ
4.A)compete B)competed C)competition D)competing
5.A)partneting B)partnership C)partner D)partnered
6.A)cultural B)culture C)culturally D)culturing
7.A)frequented B)frequency C)frequently D)frequent
8.A)famously B)fame C)fameless D)famous
31.1.c)field 31.2.d)considering 31.3.a)recognized 31.4.c)into 31.5.d)Shop 31.6.b)crash 31.7.a)on

31.8.a)up
32.1.c)all 32.2.b)habits 32.3.c)Avoid 32.4.d)current 32.5.c)trouble 32.6.d)distribute

32.7.d)tempting 32.8.d)upright
33.1.a)different 33.2.b)darkness 33.3.c)behaviors 33.4.b)numerous 33.5.c)amazing

33.6.d)variety 33.7.a)wider 33.8.c)successfully
249
34.1.a)successful 34.2.c)actually 34.3.d)travellers 34.4.c)founder 34.5.d)including 34.6.a)seasick
34.7.b)security 34.8.b)peculiarly
35.1.c)reputations 35.2.d)primary 35.3.b)differences 35.4.c)competition 35.5.b)partnership

35.6.a)cultural 36.7.b)frequency 36.8.d)famous
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Reading
Text 1.The principles of the New High Protein Diet
This diet is the most effective way of losing body fat. Remember, if we go on a starvation diet,
we lose weight but not much fat. In starvation mode, we use up our energy stores of
carbohydrate first (in the form of a substance called glycogen). However, the body can store only
a little glycogen, and this is used up within two days. Then we start breaking down fat and
protein. But we can’t afford to lose body proteins: our muscle mass decreases, we become
noticeably weaker, and our immunity is compromised because the lack of protective
immunoglobulin proteins means we are subject to an increased risk of infection. Not good!
Sure, we look slimmer, and we certainly weigh less, but we are weaker and becoming unhealthy.
There is no point in dieting if it’s going to make us ill. And, of course, because we need our
muscles, when we even slightly stray from the diet, our bodies immediately rebuild muscle and
we regain all of the ‘lost’ weight very quickly. Yet another diet fails – because it was never
going to work in the first place. And we have succeeded in making ourselves considerably less
healthy in the process. Not only have we gone through a period of reduced immunity and a lack
of proteins, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and other essential nutrients, there is evidence that
so-called ‘yo-yo’ dieting of this nature is detrimental to health in the longer term.
Quite simply, we are going to virtually eliminate all refined carbohydrates and sugars (which are
also carbohydrates), leaving us with a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet. Of course, you may
have heard of high-protein diets before, and they all failed because the carbohydrates were not
restricted. Remember, unless you switch off the mechanism to make fat, and switch on the
mechanism to burn fat, it is very difficult to lose body fat. On this diet, you will be cutting out
virtually all refined carbohydrates so that body fat is burned preferentially, to provide energy.
Sugar, starch, white flour, cakes, bread, pasta and rice are the usual culprits. These foods have
very little nutritional value and, what’s more, can cause medical and fat problems. Of course,
there are forms of these carbohydrates – such as wholemeal rice, wholemeal bread and
wholemeal pastas – that do have nutritional benefits and which you can reintroduce later, but in
the initial stage of the diet, you have to reduce all carbohydrates, to switch on the fat-burning
mechanism.
You should definitely cut out all pasta, rice, cakes and biscuits, and stick to a maximum of one
slice of bread per day. Your body will rapidly adjust to a healthy, high-protein, low-
carbohydrate diet, and will burn body fat. The bottom line is that you don’t need refined
carbohydrates and processed sugars. These foods provide energy and no other form of essential
nutrition – and when you eat more than the energy you can use immediately the rest is stored as
fat. One point to be aware of is that refined carbohydrates can appear in many unexpected
sources. You probably know that bread, cakes, pastries, biscuits, pies, pizzas, potato crisps and
fried potato chips all contain refined carbohydrates, but pasta, rice, most breakfast cereals, most
tinned foods, many pre-packaged foods, tinned vegetables, tinned soups, and prepared sauces do
as well… In fact the list goes on and on. Virtually all ‘fast foods’ contain very high proportion of
refined carbohydrates – as well as hydrogenated fats – and if your diet is high in refined
carbohydrates and hydrogenated fats, you will definitely put on weight. If you’re worried that
251
by cutting out refined carbohydrates you’ll have virtually no foods left to choose from, fear not.
In fact, high-protein and nutritious foods such as meat, poultry, fish, shellfish and eggs are all
open to you, along with vegetables, cheese, spices and herbs, from which you can easily produce
delicious, healthy and quick meals. You’ll be relieved to hear that you don’t have to live on a
diet of lettuce and tomato. On the contrary, you will be eating virtually limitless; quantities of
very tasty food complemented by delicious sauces and dressings: in other words, real food!
What about fats in your diet? I’ve advised you to cut out refined carbohydrates and eat a high-
protein diet, but what about the amount of fat you consume? This is going to seem a strange
thing to say, and it’s against all of the dietary advice you’ve been given in the past, but if you
follow the principles of this diet carefully, you don’t need worry about how much fat you’re
consuming. No, I have not gone mad, and I’m certainly not advocating a high-fat diet, but most
of the ‘bad’ fats are actually integrated into the sugary, starchy foods you have already excluded,
and you will naturally avoid them when you stop eating these foods. So by excluding the
refined carbohydrates, you have excluded the ‘bad’ fats from your diet at a single stroke.
Vocabulary from text:
effective way-ефективний шлях virtually-фактично
lose weight-худнути preferentially-переважно,вибірково
noticeably-замітно nutritional-харчовий
compromised-скомпрометований rapidly-швидко
slightly-трохи,легко put on weight-набирати вагу
immediately-негайно on the contrary-наоборот
considerably-значно,сильно naturally-природньо
essential-суттєвий,основний,важливий
detrimenrtal-шкідливий,збитковий
Text 2. Have we taken security too far?

What’s the difference between a medical student and a convict? The answer: A convict doesn’t
pay $50,000 a year for the privilege of being fingerprinted and patted down. I am referring, of
course, to the increasingly stringent security measures that have come to characterize modern
educational testing. As student evaluation techniques have migrated from face-to-face
assessment to computer-based exams administered in dedicated testing centers, evaluators have
become less and less likely to know examinees, leading to heightened precautions around exam
security.
252
I recently interviewed a group of fourth-year medical students who had just taken Step 2 of the
United States Medical Licensing Clinical Knowledge Examination at test-administration centers.
Each of the students had paid $560 for the privilege, and had devoted nine hours to the single-
day exam, which consists of eight sections of 40 to 45 questions each. Over the day, they
received a total break time of 45 minutes. Students must pass the exam to obtain a medical
license, and scoring well is an important factor in gaining admission to competitive medical
specialties. So anxiety tends to run high.
This inevitable anxiety is compounded by Checkpoint Charlie-esque security measures. IDs are
checked. Each student wears a unique number on his or her shoulder throughout the day.
Students are fingerprinted each time they enter and exit the testing room (up to 16 times). They
are patted down and asked to roll up their pants legs and pull their pockets inside-out. If they
wear a jacket or sweater into the exam room, they cannot take it off. They are warned that they
will be under constant camera surveillance.
One of the students, a former U.S. marine, said he had found the entire atmosphere of the exam
eerily familiar. He had served in Iraq, helping to preside over the return of inhabitants to
Fallujah after the city’s recapture by U.S. forces. “It was weird,” he said. “They were using many
of the exact same procedures and equipment we used in Fallujah. It took so long for them to
verify identities that you almost didn’t dare leave the room, for fear you couldn’t get back in
time. I finally had to show one of the examiners how to do it properly.” Of course, these
techniques are not merely for medical students. Aspiring accountants and architects, students
sitting for the GRE, and prospective employees of Silicon Valley companies are all subjected to
these medieval measures.
Some might say that a high-security approach to testing students is not only necessary but
laudable. In the case of medical testing, the health of the nation is a vital resource, and we cannot
afford to place it in the hands of physicians who might have succeeded through academic
dishonesty. Who would want a loved one to be cared for by a physician who had cheated on the
medical-licensing exam? As public policy, exam hawks argue, we should demand the very
highest security in all such testing.
But perhaps we have gone overboard. After all, the core of the patient-physician relationship is
trust. The Hippocratic Oath, which has shaped the ethics of medicine for many centuries, enjoins
the physician to respect patients’ privacy and dignity and to always put each patient’s interests
first. We entrust to our physicians all sorts of matters we would not share with anyone else—
private details of our health and personal relationships, access to intimate parts of our bodies,
sometimes even our lives. We want to trust our physicians. No one is arguing that security is
unnecessary, but perhaps we haven’t quite yet found the sweet spot.
difference between-різниця між inevitable-неминучий
increasingly-все більше і більше, throughout-по-всьому,всюди
в більшій мірі surveillance-спостереження

253
evaluation-оцінка inhabitants-жителі
precautions-запобіжні заходи finally-нарешті
recently-недавно properly-правильно
pass the exam-здавати екзамени entrust-доручати,покладати
anxiety-тривога,неспокій intimate-інтимний,близький
vital-життєвий unnecessary-непотрібний
Text 3. Welcome to the home of the future

The 2009 British Homes Awards challenged the industry to design a house that can adapt to
different life stages.
The participants were asked to rethink the construction and design of individual homes, so that
they were easily adaptable to less mobile inhabitants, and also to create communities in which
ageing occupants could continue to enjoy shared amenities.
The top design also had to be attractive to its potential buyers, because the competition was put
to the public vote.
The winner, gaining 12,000 votes from Mail on Sunday readers, was the strikingly modern
Sunny Side Up, designed by Kosi Architects. Here are its three main features:
1. Upside Down House
The architects took as a starting point the accepted norm for a house – rows of houses facing
onto streets crammed with cars, with living rooms on the ground floor and bedrooms above.
Then they scrapped it.
They ended up with the living room, dining room and kitchen on the top floor where they can
benefit from the light and views, and maximise energy efficiency. And they put the bedrooms on
the ground floor where the garden aspect gives inhabitants increased privacy, and a cool
temperature is maintained throughout the day. The two floors are linked by wide, gentle
gradient stairs, which are designed to allow for a stair lift to be fitted if necessary as owners age.
2. Concealed Parking Spaces
But the feature that, according to Warren Rosing, one of the Kosi architects responsible for the
design, was particularly popular with the public, is actually the parking.
In a SunnySideUp development no one has to look out onto a street full of cars, or worry about
their kids being run over, because the terrace zone at the first floor level link all the homes and is
a car-free zone.
Vehicles are tucked away on the lower floor, leaving safe and pleasant spaces outside the houses
for people to meet, and kids to play.
254
A lift takes people directly from garage to living area, so that all residents, including the elderly
and those with heavy shopping, can move comfortably between the floors. The natural feel of the
front area is enhanced by the planters that are placed outside the kitchens at the front to
encourage residents to grow vegetables and flowers where they can be seen.
The idea is that not only would they look pretty, but they would be a talking point, encouraging
interaction between residents on the terrace area outside.
3. Flexible Spaces
But it’s the fact that the space is designed to adapt to the changing needs, including the
fluctuating income of its owners, that makes it a thought-provoking, as well as a winning,
design.
The lower-floor bedrooms have separate outdoor access so they can be easily let. The idea is
that owners can get some extra money to pay for their mortgages during the first years. And
later in the future, those bedrooms can be used as a granny flat, or an office, and can easily be
converted into a separate one-bed flat if your kids won’t leave home.
And if more space is required, as well as the usual loft that can be converted, there is potential
for a gallery floor to be inserted in the living room.
4. Where can you get one?
At the moment the SunnySideUp house is still just a set of drawings. But Warren Rosing says,
“We are hoping to have it built.”
The organisers are in talks with builders, but due to the economic climate it may take longer
than we would like.”Weʼre sure it will be worth the wait” they say.
participants-учасники enhanced- покращений,розширений
strikingly-вражаюче.дивовижно at the front-передній,вхідний
scrapped-бракований,забракований interaction-взаємодія
efficiency-ефективність thought-provoking-стимулючий думки
maintained-збережений,підтриманий outdoor-зовнішній,зовні
directly-безпосередньо,прямо mortgage-кредит
converted-перероблений due to-через,по причині
would like-хотів би
255
Text 4. Egypt travel guide
Courtesy and hospitality are important when doing business in Egypt. The host of a business
meeting will usually offer tea or a small snack before commencing. It’s polite to refuse the first
offer, but once the host insists, the guest should then accept.
Alcohol is legal, but should be avoided until visitors know their Egyptian colleague’s attitude
towards drinking, and, if acceptable, should be drunk in moderation. It is not considered suitable
for women to over-indulge in alcohol. If invited to a business lunch, expect food to be lavish and
plentiful.
Throughout the Arab world, it is considered bad manners either to display anger or to openly
criticize another person in public. Tact and diplomacy are always required. In social life,
punctuality is almost laughable. For business, visitors should be on time but expect locals to be
often late, and do not take offence. Men should not offer to shake a woman’s hand, and vice
versa, unless clearly invited to do so. Men and women should dress smartly for business
meetings – suits and tie for men; suit for women or smart trousers/skirt/jacket – and always dress
modestly. Shoulders and knees should never be shown.
Economy:
On taking power in 1970, Anwar al-Sadat introduced a policy of infitah (openness) towards
investment. Egypt’s economy underwent rapid growth during the 1970s with the quick
expansion of the oil industry, tourism and the Suez Canal, and it has continued to expand in
subsequent decades.
The tourist sector is expanding rapidly, particularly along the Red Sea and Mediterranean coasts,
despite sporadic terrorist activities of Islamic fundamentalists. Agriculture, which relies on
irrigation from the Nile, employs one-third of the working population. Foreign aid, especially
from the USA, is an important source of government funds.
Internet:
There are internet cafés in the main cities, including Cairo, Alexandria, Dahab and Luxor. Even
small, more remote towns including Siwa will have at least one venue, usually in the market
area. Connection is usually reliable. Tourists can also access the Internet in hotels, with in-room
Wi-Fi available, though often at a costly price.
Media:
The Egyptian press is one of the most influential and widely read in the region, while Egyptian
TV and the film industry supplies much of the Arab-speaking world with shows from its Media
Production City. Press freedom is encouraged. Press laws which allow prison sentences for libel
have encouraged self-censorship on sensitive issues.
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courtesy-люб’язність expansion-розповсюдженя,поширення
hospitality-гостинність irrigation-зрошування(про землю)
polite-ввічливий reliable-надійний
attitude-відношення,ставлення especially-особливо
suitable-підходящий,придатний modestly-скромно
either-будь-який,кожен plentiful-багатий
Text 5. A paranormal experience?

Ghosts, haunted houses, the spirit world or the communication with the dead have fascinated
humans since the beginning of their existence. Most people, whether believers or sceptics like
myself, find paranormal experiences captivating; you could go on and on listening to these
kinds of stories. But the debate lies on whether the allegedly paranormal events that witnesses
claim to have experienced are real or not. I personally don’t doubt that many of those people
really believe that what they have experienced is a paranormal event –real is what you believe to
be real after all.
I myself experienced an event that might be considered paranormal by some. A long time ago,
my cousin died unexpectedly and her husband, who is a great ghost sceptic, couldn’t find my
cousin’s life insurance policy. One night, my cousin appeared in my dreams. “You smell really
bad,” I told her. “Of course I smell bad, I’m dead,” she said. “Anyway, I’m here to tell you
where the document my husband is looking for is.” And she told me. The following day, I told
my cousin’s husband that I might know where the policy was –I didn’t tell him how I knew,
because that would have prevented him looking for it. The thing is that we went to his home and
the document was exactly where my dead cousin had told me it would be. Paranormal?
No doubt, it’s very tempting to believe that I actually talked to my dead cousin, and that I have
some kind of psychic abilities. That would mean that when we die, we go somewhere in the
form of a spirit, which is a nice thing to think, because that means that our soul never dies. But
maybe I already knew where that document was, from one of my numerous visits to my
cousin’s home, and my mind just reminded me where it was through one of my daily dreams.
That’s more likely, and it’s what I am inclined to think happened.
The truth is that there has been so much fraud in the history of the paranormal that it’s difficult
to give any validity to the high number of paranormal claims that populate the Internet and the
different media. Actually, fraud played a key role in the very foundation of spiritualism, a
religious movement based on the belief that the spirits of the dead exist and have both the ability
and the inclination to communicate with the living.
The first mediums known in recent history, the Fox sisters, convinced a good part of the
American and European society of the 19th century that they could talk with the spirits. They
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made lots of public demonstrations held before paying audiences and that gave birth to
spiritualism, and attracted lots of imitators who also claimed to have the ability to communicate
with spirits. But surprisingly, in 1888 Margaret Fox confessed that her abilities were just a
fabrication, and showed which tricks she had been using to pretend to be talking to the spirits.
Now, can I really talk with the dead? Well, if you put enough money on the table, I might say
‘yes’, and I might even show you how I do it.
fascinated-зачарований no doubt-без сумніву
existence-існування tempting-спокусливий
captivating-захоплюючий psyshic abilities-психічні здібності
allegedly-як стверджують numerous-чисельний
personally-особисто more likely-скоріше всього
insurance policy-страховий поліс fraud-шахрайство
following day-наступний день validity-дійсність,обгрунтованість
foundation-заснування,основа ability-здатність
surprisingly-дивовижно convinced-переконаний
Text 6. Choosing a musical instrument

Many people would like to learn how to play a musical instrument, but they are put off by one
big problem: what to play? Here are a few questions to help you decide.
What kind of music do you like?
Many instruments are versatile, but some are more suited to certain types of music. Although
there is some classical repertoire for the saxophone, for example, people associate it more with
jazz, and it is not a permanent feature of many orchestras. Some instruments may lend
themselves better than others to the music you like, so consider this before you start.
Do you want to play with other people?
Think about your long-term future as a musician. If you want to play with other people, what sort
of instrument would be most practical? The initial attraction of playing a dazzling solo
instrument like trumpet, violin, flute or lead guitar might fade when you realise how many other
people are competing with you to get the main part with the same instrument! If you want to play
rock music, there will always be a demand for bass players or drummers, and if you fancy being
part of an orchestra, the bassoon is a great bet to make sure you are always needed.
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Where are you going to practise?
Many people live in flats and practising the drums, for example, will drive your neighbours
crazy. Think about where and when you are going to practise, as well as the patience of the
people you live with or near. Electric versions of instruments like the piano, drums, guitar and
even violin give you the option of playing into the night using headphones, while your
housemates sleep in peace. Alternatively, you may need to consider going to a school or a
community centre to practise.
How much money can you spend?
This is quite a big factor. A lot of instruments can be purchased in different price ranges, for
example, guitars. But this doesn’t alter the fact that many, such as the piano, are always pretty
expensive. If you can’t afford your chosen instrument, will you be able to borrow someone
else’s or hire one?
Are there any physical limitations?
If you’re small and don’t like lifting heavy objects, you won’t want to carry around a double
bass. Apart from that, use your common sense, and don’t let your perceived physical
shortcomings put you off. Who says small skinny people can’t play the tuba? It’s true that some
wind instruments require a lot of lung power but with the right coaching, everyone can develop
the right technique.
Still not sure?
Talk to people you know who already play instruments. They might even let you try theirs. It’s
also a good idea to find an experienced music teacher, preferably one who plays a few different
instruments, who can give you some advice and push you in the right direction.
If you find an instrument you love and that suits your needs, you’ll find the time spent choosing
was well worth it. Good luck with making your choice!
versatile-різносторонній alternatively-по черзі,як варіант
associate-об’єднувати,зв’язувати purchased-придбаний,куплений
permanent-постійний borrow-позичати(в когось)
initial-початковий apart from-не залежно
skinny-худий preferably-переважно
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Text 7.Your digital footprint
Every time you go online you leave a trail. This is just like a real footprint. It reveals where
you’ve been, how long you stayed and what you’ve been doing there. Every time you register for
an online service, send an email, download a video or upload a photo, the information can be
accessed and your digital footprint can be revealed. This shouldn’t necessarily be worrying but it
is advisable to be aware of your digital footprint and to be cautious and sensible when you are
online.
Six top tips for taking care of your digital footprint
1.Don’t forget to log off when you leave a website, especially if you are using a shared
computer. If you don’t, someone can easily pretend to be you!
2.Don’t tell anyone your passwords and don’t write them down in an obvious place. Make them
more complex by using a combination of letters, numbers and punctuation marks.
3.Tell an adult if you come across anything online that makes you upset, anxious or concerned.
There are ways to report inappropriate or abusive content and in most cases web managers
respond rapidly.
4.Remember your favourite websites by using the history button and the bookmark function on
your computer or mobile device. This is a way that your digital footprint can work in your
favour, but remember to clear your browser history regularly.
5.If you want to post comments online, you don’t have to use your own name. Invent a nickname
to use instead. You can also use a picture instead of a real photo.
6.Protect your identity online. Be careful about who you share personal information with and
always think twice before sharing details like your email, home address, school or phone number
with someone.
Think about the future
All kinds of people are interested in your digital footprint. It's now quite common for colleges,
universities and employers to check out the online profiles of possible candidates as part of their
application process. There are cases of people having missed out on jobs and places in college
because their digital footprint didn’t impress the recruiters. So, remember: keep safe, don’t put
too much personal information online and always think carefully before you post something.
Ask yourself, ‘Would I be happy for absolutely everyone to see this?’
Vocabulary from text
trail-слід inappropriate-невідповідний
footprint-відбиток пальця identity-ідентичність,особистість
necessarily-необхідно application-засіб,заявка,додаток
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advisable-доцільний,рекомендований keep safe-берегти
cautious-обережний carefully-обережно
sensible-розумний
Text 8.The history of graffiti

The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousands of years ago. Later the Ancient
Romans and Greeks wrote their names and protest poems on buildings. Modern graffiti seems to
have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s, and by the late sixties it had reached New
York. The new art form really took off in the 1970s, when people began writing their names, or
‘tags’, on buildings all over the city. In the mid seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a
subway car window, because the trains were completely covered in spray paintings known as
‘masterpieces’.
In the early days, the ‘taggers’ were part of street gangs who were concerned with marking their
territory. They worked in groups called ‘crews’, and called what they did ‘writing’ – the term
‘graffiti’ was first used by The New York Times and the novelist Norman Mailer. Art galleries in
New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies. But at the same time that it began to be
regarded as an art form, John Lindsay, the then mayor of New York, declared the first war on
graffiti. By the 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught, and
instead many of the more established graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings or canvases.
The debate over whether graffiti is art or vandalism is still going on. Peter Vallone, a New York
city councillor, thinks that graffiti done with permission can be art, but if it is on someone else’s
property it becomes a crime. ‘I have a message for the graffiti vandals out there,’ he said
recently. ‘Your freedom of expression ends where my property begins.’ On the other hand,
Felix, a member of the Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City, says that artists are reclaiming
cities for the public from advertisers, and that graffiti represents freedom and makes cities more
vibrant.
For decades graffiti has been a springboard to international fame for a few. Jean-Michel
Basquiat began spraying on the street in the 1970s before becoming a respected artist in the ’80s.
The Frenchman Blek le Rat and the British artist Banksy have achieved international fame by
producing complex works with stencils, often making political or humorous points. Works by
Banksy have been sold for over £100,000. Graffiti is now sometimes big business.
appeared-з’явився permission-дозвіл
subway-метро expression-вираження
completely-повністю reclaim-відновлювати,виправляти
masterpiece-шедевр decade-десятиліття
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regard-рахувати,розглядати sold-проданий
Text 9.Are celebrities bad for you?

Celebrities are everywhere nowadays: on TV, in magazines, online. Is this preoccupation with
famous people harmless fun or is it bad for us? How many people are truly obsessed with
modern media idols? And on the other side of the coin, can fame be harmful to the celebrities?
Studies suggest that the vast majority of teenagers do not really worship celebrities.
Researchers have identified three kinds of fans. About 15% of young people have an
‘entertainment-social’ interest. They love chatting about their favourite celebrities with friends
and this does not appear to do any harm.
Another 5% feel that they have an ‘intense-personal’ relationship with a celebrity. Sometimes
they see them as their soulmate and find that they are often thinking about them, even when they
don’t want to. These people are more at risk from depression and anxiety. If girls in this group
idolise a female star with a body they consider to be perfect, they are more likely to be unhappy
with their own bodies.
That leaves 2% of young people with a ‘borderline-pathological’ interest. They might say, for
example, they would spend several thousand pounds on a paper plate the celebrity had used, or
that they would do something illegal if the celebrity asked them to. These people are in most
danger of being seriously disturbed.
What about the celebrities themselves? A study in the USA tried to measure narcissism or
extreme self-centredness, when feelings of worthlessness and invisibility are compensated for by
turning into the opposite: excessive showing off. Researchers looked at 200 celebrities, 200
young adults with Masters in Business Administration (a group known for being narcissistic) and
a nationally representative sample using the same questionnaire. As was expected, the
celebrities were significantly more narcissistic than the MBAs and both groups were a lot more
narcissistic than the general population.
Four kinds of celebrity were included in the sample. The most narcissistic were the ones who had
become famous through reality TV shows – they scored highest on vanity and willingness to
exploit other people. Next came comedians, who scored highest on exhibitionism and feelings of
superiority. Then came actors, and the least narcissistic were musicians. One interesting result
was that there was no connection between narcissism and the length of time the celebrity had
been famous. This means that becoming famous probably did not make the celebrities
narcissistic – they already were beforehand.
So, what can we learn from this? People who are very successful or famous tend to be narcissists
and are liable to be ruthless, self-seeking workaholics. As we can see from celebrity magazines,
they are also often desperate and lonely. They make disastrous role models.
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harmless-нешкідливий seriously distributed-повністю розподілений
preoccupation-заклопотаність measure-міра,вимірювати
obsessed-одержимий disastrous-катастрофічний
harmful-шкідливий invisibility-невидимість
majority-більшість representative-представник
worship-поклонятися significantly-значно
consider-розглядати,вважати willingness-готовність
superiority-перевага beforehand-завчасно
liable-відповідальний desperate-відчайдушний
Text 10.Adventure time

Time for an adventure?
Are you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays
and decide what type of adventure you’d like.
Activity holidays
Our activity holidays are for everyone, people who love danger or who just like sports. We have
a huge variety of water, snow or desert holidays. We’ll take you SCUBA diving in the Red Sea
or kayaking and white water rafting in Canada. If you prefer snow, you can try skiing or
snowboarding in the Alps or even igloo-building. For those who like warmer weather, we also
have sandboarding (the desert version of skateboarding) or camel safaris.
Polar expeditions
Take a cruise to Antarctica or the northern Arctic; explore a land of white natural beauty and
wonderful wildlife. Our experts will explain everything about the two poles as you watch the
penguins in Antarctica or whales and polar bears in the Arctic. There's no greater adventure than
travelling to the ends of the earth. A once-in-a-lifetime experience!
Cultural journeys
Our cultural journeys will help you discover ancient civilisations: India, Thailand, Egypt and
many more. Visit temples, palaces and ancient ruins – just remember to bring your camera! Get
to know local ways of life by exploring markets, trying exotic foods and meeting local people.
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Trekking tours
We have trekking holidays to famous places such as Machu Picchu or the Everest Base Camp
Trek, as well as some nearer to home in the Highlands of Scotland. You don’t need to be very
sporty, just fairly fit. You’ll have a great time enjoying nature with a group of new friends.
Some of the holidays include camping, but we’ll transport the tents for you!
Wildlife holidays
We organise small-group tours to get closer to nature in Africa, Asia or South America. Go on
safari in Africa and watch lions and giraffes. Meet the famous turtles of the Galapagos Islands.
Look for tigers in India, or take an elephant safari in Sri Lanka. We use local guides and stay in a
range of accommodation, from tents to tree houses.
exciting-захопливий,хвилюючий fairly-справедливо,чесно
variety-різноманіття get closer-наближуватися
explore-досліджувати,вивчати organize-обладнувати
ancient-древній accommodation-житло
Text 11.Skills for the 21st century workplace

Have you got the skills you need for the 21st-century workplace?
We need to develop all kinds of skills to survive in the 21st century. Some, like ICT skills and
knowledge of the digital world, are taught explicitly in schools in the UK. Here are five less
obvious ones for you to think about. These are the sorts of skills that employers may ask you
questions about in interviews, so it’s a good idea to think about how good you are in these areas.
What are your strengths and weaknesses?
Imagination
In the age of technology that we are living in now, it is no longer enough to keep on making the
same products. Employers need people who can imagine new approaches and new ideas.
Think: Think of an object or gadget you use every day. How could it be improved? Can you
think of three improvements?
Problem solving
Employers will value workers who are able to see problems before they happen and come up
with creative solutions.
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Think: Imagine you are organising an end-of-term social event at school. Think of some
problems that you could face. Can you think of any solutions?
Communication skills
Workers will have to be good communicators. They will have to be able to negotiate and discuss
key issues and also write in a clear way without using too many words.
Think: How do people communicate with each other in the 21st century?
Critical analysis
Employers want workers who are able to recognise the difference between information that can
be believed and false information.
Think: Use the internet to find out three facts about a celebrity or famous figure. Can you verify
the information by checking other websites?
Decision making
Individual workers have a growing amount of responsibility. It is important to be able to

evaluate a situation and be confident in making a decision.
Think: Which three things could you do to (a) be healthier (b) do better at school and (c) help
others? Make a decision now to do at least one of these things. Then … just do it!
workplace-робоче місце improvement-покращення
explicitly-ясно,точно solution-рішення
strength-сила verify-перевіряти
weakness-слабість negotiate-домовлятися
responsibity-відповідальність
Text 12.Food and restaurant

Are you looking for somewhere special to go this weekend? Do you want to try something new?
Check out one of these hot new restaurants.
Last Days of the Raj
A centrally located Indian restaurant, perfect for eating before or after the cinema or a show. In
summer enjoy your meal in the beautiful garden. The most popular dishes are lamb and chicken
cooked with mild, medium or hot spices. For brave customers there is extra hot!
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A Taste of Tuscany
Whether you’d like a great value-for-money lunch or a relaxed evening meal in stylish
surroundings, this is the place for you. The chefs have all been trained in Italy and they make
both traditional and contemporary dishes. We recommend the pasta and seafood.
Your Local Caff
Remember when cafés served full English breakfasts – sausages, beans, fried bread, bacon and
eggs – with a strong cup of tea? Well, this place still does and you can have your breakfast at any
time you like during the day while you listen to your favorite tunes from the 1980s.
The Lemon Tree
This pretty restaurant serves healthy food that’s tasty too. Come in for a vegetarian snack at
lunchtime or a great fruit smoothie or a cappuccino and a delicious piece of cake in the
afternoon. Food is bought from local producers whenever possible.
Cheesy Bites
A restaurant that only serves cheese, but hundreds of cheeses from many countries and in lots of
different forms. They serve reasonably priced lunches but dinner can be expensive. Lovely food
and a very elegant dining room, looking onto an amazing flower garden.
Fast Best
Fast food doesn’t have to be junk food, as this café proves. Do you fancy a really good
hamburger made with the best ingredients, or old-fashioned fish and chips fried to perfection,
all on the table in super-quick time? Speed and quality are important here, and the prices aren’t
bad either.
The Chocolate Box
The owner of this small café used to cook all kinds of food, but then she realised she preferred
desserts to anything else. If you want meat or fish, don’t come here. They only do desserts! Lots
of different kinds of sweets. Chocolate lovers will be excited by the range of chocolate cakes.
Musical Chairs
Have you noticed how music improves the taste of your food? This new restaurant has different
types of live music every night except Sundays, and excellent food to go with it. Great fish
dishes, steak and pizza. Monday is classic rock night, so see you there!
dish-страва contemporary-сучасний
meal-їжа seafood-морські продукти
mild-м’який reasonably-розумно
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customers-споживачі,покупці old-fashioned-старомодний
perfection-ідеальність owner-власник
Text 13.Life on Mars

A new study published in the journal Science shows definitive evidence of organic matter on the
surface of Mars. The data was collected by NASA's nuclear-powered rover Curiosity. It
confirms earlier findings that the Red Planet once contained carbon-based compounds. These
compounds – also called organic molecules – are essential ingredients for life as scientists
understand it.
The organic molecules were found in Mars's Gale Crater, a large area that may have been a
watery lake over three billion years ago. The rover encountered traces of the molecule in rocks
extracted from the area. The rocks also contain sulfur, which scientists speculate helped preserve
the organics even when the rocks were exposed to the harsh radiation on the surface of the
planet.
Scientists are quick to state that the presence of these organic molecules is not sufficient
evidence for ancient life on Mars, as the molecules could have been formed by non-living
processes. But it's still one of the most astonishing discoveries, which could lead to future
revelations. Especially when one considers the other startling find that Curiosity uncovered
around five years ago.
The rover analyses the air around it periodically, and in 2014 it found the air contained another
of the most basic organic molecules and a key ingredient of natural gas: methane. One of the
characteristics of methane is that it only survives a few hundred years. This means that
something, somewhere on Mars, is replenishing the supply. According to NASA, Mars emits
thousands of tons of methane at a time. The level of methane rises and falls at seasonal intervals
in the year, almost as if the planet is breathing it.
NASA suspects the methane comes from deep under the surface of the planet. The variations in
temperature on the surface of Mars cause the molecule to flow upwards at higher or lower
levels. For example, in the Martian winter the gas could get trapped in underground icy crystals.
These crystals, called clathrates, melt in the summer and release the gas. However, the source of
the methane is still a complete mystery.
The world of astrobiology considers both of these studies as historical milestones. According to
this information, Mars is not a dead planet. On the contrary, it is quite active and may be
changing and becoming more habitable.
Of course, this means further research is necessary. Scientists say they need to send new
equipment to Mars, equipment that can measure the air and soil with more precision. There are
already missions underway. The European Space Agency's ExoMars ship lands in 2020 and will
be able to drill into the ground on Mars to analyse what it finds. Additionally, NASA is sending
another Mars Rover in the same year to collect samples of Martian soil and return them to Earth.
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The possibility of life on Mars has fascinated humans for generations. It has been the subject of
endless science-fiction novels and films. Are we alone in the universe or have there been other
life forms within our Solar System? If the current missions to the Red Planet continue, it looks as
if we may discover the answer very soon.
evidence-доказ sufficient-достатній
confirm-підтверджувати astonishing-дивовижний
findings-висновки,отримані дані emit-виділяти
compounds-компоненти,з’єднання upwards-вверх
essential-природній,необхідний according to-відповідно до
surface-поверхня additionally-додатково
presence-присутність habitable-населений
precision-точність
Text 14.Sustainable supermarket

Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of various
unethical acts over the past decade. They've wasted tonnes of food, they've underpaid their
suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its
impact on our environment.
But supermarkets and grocers are starting to sit up and take notice. In response to growing
consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging,
some of the largest UK supermarkets have signed up to a pact promising to transform packaging
and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse, recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025,
supermarkets are now beginning to take some responsibility for the part they play in contributing
to the damage to our environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to
eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.
In response to criticisms over food waste, some supermarkets are donating some of their food
surplus. However, charities estimate that they are only accessing two per cent of supermarkets'
total food surplus, so this hardly seems to be solving the problem. Some say that supermarkets
are simply not doing enough. Most supermarkets operate under a veil of secrecy when asked for
exact figures of food wastage, and without more transparency it is hard to come up with a
systematic approach to avoiding waste and to redistributing surplus food.
Some smaller companies are now taking matters into their own hands and offering consumers a
greener, more environmentally friendly option. Shops like Berlin's Original Unverpakt and
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London's Bulk Market are plastic-free shops that have opened in recent years, encouraging
customers to use their own containers or compostable bags. Online grocer Farmdrop eliminates
the need for large warehouses and the risk of huge food surplus by delivering fresh produce
from local farmers to its customers on a daily basis via electric cars, offering farmers the lion's
share of the retail price.
There is no doubt that we still have a long way to go in reducing food waste and plastic waste.
But perhaps the major supermarkets might take inspiration from these smaller grocers and
gradually move towards a more sustainable future for us all.
accusations-звинувачення eliminate-усунути
underpaid-малооплачуваний hardly-навряд чи
excessive-надлишковий surplus-надлишкок,надлишковий
packaging-упаковка warehouse-склад
take notice-зауважувати no doubt-без сумніву
backlash-негативна реакція inspiration-натхнення
wastage-витрати
Text 15.Cultural behavior in business

Much of today's business is conducted across international borders, and while the majority of the
global business community might share the use of English as a common language, the nuances
and expectations of business communication might differ greatly from culture to culture. A lack
of understanding of the cultural norms and practices of our business acquaintances can result in
unfair judgements, misunderstandings and breakdowns in communication. Here are three basic
areas of differences in the business etiquette around the world that could help stand you in good
stead when you next find yourself working with someone from a different culture.
Addressing someone
When discussing this topic in a training course, a German trainee and a British trainee got into a
hot debate about whether it was appropriate for someone with a doctorate to use the
corresponding title on their business card. The British trainee maintained that anyone who wasn't
a medical doctor expecting to be addressed as 'Dr' was disgustingly pompous and full of
themselves. The German trainee, however, argued that the hard work and years of education put
into earning that PhD should give them full rights to expect to be addressed as 'Dr'.
This stark difference in opinion over something that could be conceived as minor and thus easily
overlooked goes to show that we often attach meaning to even the most mundane practices.
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When things that we are used to are done differently, it could spark the strongest reactions in us.
While many Continental Europeans and Latin Americans prefer to be addressed with a title, for
example Mr or Ms and their surname when meeting someone in a business context for the first
time, Americans, and increasingly the British, now tend to prefer using their first names. The
best thing to do is to listen and observe how your conversation partner addresses you and, if you
are still unsure, do not be afraid to ask them how they would like to be addressed.
Smiling
A famous Russian proverb states that 'a smile without reason is a sign of idiocy' and a so-called
'smile of respect' is seen as insincere and often regarded with suspicion in Russia. Yet in
countries like the United States, Australia and Britain, smiling is often interpreted as a sign of
openness, friendship and respect, and is frequently used to break the ice.
In a piece of research done on smiles across cultures, the researchers found that smiling
individuals were considered more intelligent than non-smiling people in countries such as
Germany, Switzerland, China and Malaysia. However, in countries like Russia, Japan, South
Korea and Iran, pictures of smiling faces were rated as less intelligent than the non-smiling ones.
Meanwhile, in countries like India, Argentina and the Maldives, smiling was associated with
dishonesty.
Eye contact
An American or British person might be looking their client in the eye to show that they are
paying full attention to what is being said, but if that client is from Japan or Korea, they might
find the direct eye contact awkward or even disrespectful. In parts of South America and Africa,
prolonged eye contact could also be seen as challenging authority. In the Middle East, eye
contact across genders is considered inappropriate, although eye contact within a gender could
signify honesty and truthfulness.
Having an increased awareness of the possible differences in expectations and behavior can help
us avoid cases of miscommunication, but it is vital that we also remember that cultural
stereotypes can be detrimental to building good business relationships. Although national
cultures could play a part in shaping the way we behave and think, we are also largely
influenced by the region we come from, the communities we associate with, our age and gender,
our corporate culture and our individual experiences of the world. The knowledge of the
potential differences should therefore be something we keep at the back of our minds, rather than
something that we use to pigeonhole the individuals of an entire nation.
acquaintances-знайомі insincere-нещирий
unfair-нечесний disgustingly-противно
breakdown-аварія,катастрофа overlook-упускати з виду
trainee-стажер,практикант dishonesty-нечесність
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awkward-незручний challenging-складний
signify-значити,мати значення truthfulness-правдивість
behave-поводитися detrimental-шкідливий,збитковий
Text 16.Wall Street culture

For Americans, the most important street in the USA is Wall Street
In the United States of America, there are plenty of famous streets. But of all the streets in world,
there is one which is in the news every day: Wall Street . This is the street on which fortunes are
made and lost. But more generally what goes on on the street is of vital interest for most
Americans..... and the rest of the world too. As they say, when Wall Street sneezes, America
catches cold.
Say "the streets of New York" to a non-American, and he'll probably think of Times Square,
Madison Avenue or Broadway; but mention the subject to an American and for many the first
name that comes to mind will be Wall Street.
For many, Wall Street is indeed just "the street", probably the most important street in the USA
or even in the world; for what goes on on Wall Street, more perhaps than what goes on in
Congress, can have a direct influence on the lives of everyone in the USA, if not most people in
the world.
Wall Street is of course the home of the New York Stock Exchange, the financial heart of the
American business world. Each day, billions of dollars of shares are traded on the floor of the
stock exchange on behalf of companies, pension funds and private individuals wanting to
protect their investments or their life's savings, and make sure that they too are on the
bandwaggon of prosperity.
The New York Stock Exchange is the biggest and most active stock exchange in the world; over
half of all adult Americans have some, if not all, of their savings invested directly on Wall Street,
so it is not surprising that the fluctuations of the Street's famous indexes, the Dow Jones and the
Nasdaq, are followed daily by millions of ordinary Americans. When the Dow and the Nasdaq
are on a rise, millions of Americans feel more prosperous; when they are falling, millions start
feeling worried about their financial security and their retirement years. Yet more importantly,
when Wall Street booms it is a sign that the American economy is booming, creating jobs and
prosperity for people throughout the nation; when Wall Street slumps for more than a short
period, it is because the American economy is slowing down, putting investment and jobs at risk.
Nevertheless, in spite of its periodic crashes and downturns, most Americans know very well
that by investing directly in the stock market, they are probably ensuring the best possible long
term return on their investments.
Over time, direct investments on Wall Street have always done better than most other forms of
long-term placement, and logically speaking this is inevitable. Ultimately, most forms of
271
investment depend on the performance of the US economy in general, and by investing directly
on Wall Street, American investors are simply ensuring that they personally take full advantage
of the growth of the stock market, rather than share their gains with banks, investment trusts or
other intermediaries offering investment services.
generally-взагальному inevitable-неминучий
retirement-вихід в відставку,вихід на пенсію ultimately-остаточно
exchange-обмінювати importantly-важливо
on behalf-від імені in spite of-не дивлячись на
savings-збереження,заощадження performance-представлення,виступ
fluctuation-коливання advantage-перевага
prosperity-процвітання
Text 17.Shakespeare
Four hundred years after he died, in 1616, William Shakespeare, the "bard (poet) from
Stratford" is still one of the most influential forces in the world of theatre and cinema today . As
more than one critic has said, if he were still around today, he would quite likely be one of
Hollywood's top movie directors. Back in 1999, people in Britain chose Shakespeare as the "Man
of the Millennium" – the greatest Briton in 1000 years. So how is it that this writer has
established a reputation as the greatest writer the world has ever known?
The works of Shakespeare have been translated into all of the major languages in the world –
over 80 languages; 400 years after he died, Shakespeare is studied in schools and universities
worldwide, and throughout the world he is still considered by many as the greatest writer of all
time.
Shakespeare's plays have been made into over 420 films – far more than any other author – and
each year there are hundreds of Shakespeare festivals worldwide, including many in non-
English-speaking countries like Poland, Germany, France, Spain, Japan or Argentina. For a
writer who died 400 years ago, this volume of attention and respect is incredible, almost
unbelievable. So how has Shakespeare managed to establish such an immense reputation ?
In short, Shakespeare is seen as the world's greatest writer because he was.... an incredibly good
writer. Even in his lifetime, Shakespeare was a star. He was the most popular playwright of his
age, at a time when the theatre was very popular indeed in England. Indeed, Shakespeare was
very lucky to be born at just the right time in history, when the theatre was becoming a very
popular art for the first time, and - in England at least - writers were exploring all sorts of new
ideas and techniques.
272
Shakespeare distinguished himself from other writers of his time, in that while many other
writers mastered one side of dramatic art, Shakespeare mastered them all. He could write
amazing poetry, but he was also a master of ordinary prose dialogue; he could write lines of the
most tragic sincerity, but he was also a master of comedy... and he could even mix comedy and
tragedy in the same play, inventing the dramatic technique known as "comic relief". He wrote
some very funny comedies such as A Midsummer Night's Dream, the world's most famous
romantic tragedy in Romeo and Juliet, some of the darkest tragedies ever written in King Lear or
Othello, and a number of the greatest historic dramas ever written.
One surprising thing about Shakespeare's plays is that few of the stories were original. Most
frequently, Shakespeare took well-known stories, or stories from history, and even classic plots
of situational comedy, and retold the stories in his own words. Even Romeo and Juliet was not
"invented" by Shakespeare; several versions of the story were published in Italy and England in
the sixteenth century, from 1530 onwards; but Shakespeare took the story, reworked it, and
transformed it into a masterpiece that is now known worldwide. As for his history plays,
Shakespeare took the details mostly from Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and
Ireland published in 1577. Even the famous "three witches" in Macbeth were not invented by
Shakespeare, but borrowed from Holinshed; but while Holinshed called them "nymphs or
fairies", which sounds nice and attractive, Shakespeare transformed them into "secret, black, and
midnight hags".
On the other hand, one area in which Shakespeare was amazingly original was in his use of the
English language; literally hundreds of words and expressions that are still in common use today
were invented by Shakespeare. In a recent and very readable study of the life of Shakespeare,
Bill Bryson picks out a selection of well-known idioms that can be attributed to Shakespeare,
even if few people today actually realise this; these include vanish into thin air, the milk of
human kindness, foul play, a tower of strength, the wish is father to the thought, pomp and
circumstance, and a foregone conclusion. Many of these expressions have since been translated
into other languages too, showing just how universal the influence of the bard from Stratford
upon Avon has been in the four hundred years since his death.
Indeed, universality is Shakespeare's greatest strength, and the reason for his enduring success.
His tragedies are not just about the characters in them; they are about humanity. Romeo and
Juliet is not just a story about impossible love in sixteenth-century Italy; remodelled as West
Side Story, it became a story about impossible love in twentieth-century New York, or in the
1949 film Les Amants de Vérone impossible love in postwar Italy. Hamlet is not just a play
about the troubles of a Danish prince, but a tragedy about revenge and being true to oneself.
Shakespeare's history plays are not just stories; in them he explores the universal themes of
loyalty and treachery, power and the abuse of power, strategy and choices. And in Othello and
The Merchant of Venice and other plays too, he even highlighted the questions of race and
culture which, in the sixteenth century Age of Discovery, were becoming increasingly relevant
and intriguing topics of interest.
In 2016, a worldwide survey by the British Council, marking the 400th anniversary of
Shakespeare's death, found that Shakespeare is actually more popular today outside Britain than
in Britain itself. This is surely due to the fact that in many parts of the world, Shakespeare's
plays are read in modern translations which are understandable by all. In Britain, Shakespeare
273
is usually studied and presented in the original 16th/17th century English in which it was
written, which is not always easy to understand, especially for teenagers in school.
In 400 years, the English language has changed quite a lot; but it is probably true to say that
without the continuing influence of Shakespeare, it would have changed even more.
influential-впливовий selection-вибір
worldwide-на цілому світу mostly-в основному
unbelievable-неймовірний kindness-доброта
volume-об’єм vanish-зникати
distinguished-заслужений,видатний humanity-людство
master-засвоїти foregone-завчасний,попередній
ordinary-звичайний treachery-зрада
frequently-часто abuse-нападати,ображати
highlight-основний момент,виділяти relevant-доречний
anniversary-річниця due to fact-внаслідок того
surely-впевнено modern-сучасний
written-написаний understandable-зрозумілий
Text 18.Water wars of California

This five-letter word is one that Californians see almost daily in headlines.
How to dam it, how to sell it, how to use it, how to share it, how to keep it pure.... these are just a
few of the major problems that face California's people and political leaders.
Thousands of dollars are spent annually on studies, and on lawsuits, in California's "Water
Wars", and the seemingly endless conflict between the overwhelming needs of Central and
Southern California, and their drain on Northern California rivers.
California has what has been called "the biggest waterworks in history". Dams in the Sierra
Nevada mountains hold back water provided by great rivers fed by rain and snowmelt; they tame
raging rivers, help prevent damaging floods, generate cheap, pollution-free hydro-electricity, and
release a steady supply of water for California's citizens.
274
California's great cities get their water via an immense network of dams, aqueducts, pipelines
and wells that is one of the engineering wonders of the world. Part of the water supply for the
Los Angeles area comes from a 445-mile long canal running south from the "Delta" area of
Northern California. During its long journey, the water is pumped up a 3000 ft. elevation, then
enters a tunnel through the mountains, before reaching the Los Angeles area. More water for this
thirsty area is brought in along the Colorado River Aqueduct, over a distance of 185 miles; and
the City of Los Angeles also takes water from a place called Owens Valley, 338 miles away!
Even the city of San Francisco, in cooler Northern California, has long-distance water, its supply
being carried almost 150 miles from an artificial lake in Yosemite National Park.
Yet mammoth as this interlocking system is, in years ahead it is going to be inadequate to handle
the state's rapidly growing population. The prospect of major water problems in the near future
has become particularly alarming.
Many California farmers have already had to abandon crops on account of water shortages
during recent dry summers; and in many towns and cities, the sprinklers that traditionally keep
the lawns green round suburban homes have been turned off. .
As if dry summers and growing needs were not enough problems already, Californians also have
problems getting water from outside their state. For instance, the Colorado river provides water
to several states, and also to Indian reservations, and there has been a lot of argument about
water rights. In 2003, the state of California agreed to take a smaller quota of water from the
Colorado River - partly to allow the state of Nevada to have more, on account of the dramatic
increase in needs of the city of Las Vegas.
One of the most serious environmental problems was that of Mono Lake. In 1989, California's
State Legislature voted $65 million to find alternatives to save Mono Lake from evaporating in
the desert sun of Eastern California. Since then, the depletion of this unique environmentally-
sensitive lake has been reversed, and though the water level today is still some 35 ft. below the
natural level recorded back in 1941, it is now 10 feet higher than it was at its lowest point, in
1982.
Since the year 2000, California has had a series of drought years with below normal rainfall.
Emergency water conservation ordinances have made lawns turn brown, cars and sidewalks get
dirty. Violators of the ordinances have had their water supply cut to a trickle. In Fresno, a city
which does not even meter how much water its residents use, the wells have already run dry..
Water conservation measures are part of the answer; but political analysts predict that it will
require many years and some serious and unattractive lifestyle changes to resolve California's
Water Wars. The tense competition for a scarce resource, among groups with conflicting
interests, will demand give and take forever.
275
daily-щоденний supply-постачати
headline-заголовок artificial-штучний
annually-щорічний particularly-конкретно
lawsuit-судовий процес shortage-скорочення
seemingly-на вигляд depletion-виснаження
overwhelming-приголомшливий,нездоланний drought-посуха
immense-величезний conservation-розмова
ordinance-указ,постанова,закон,обряд predict-передбачати
unattractive-непривабливий scarce-дефіцитний,недостатній
demand-попит,жадати,вимагати
Text 19.The Air base

RAF Upper Heyford - once the heart of allied defence against nuclear attack by the USSR -
could become a Cold War 'museum'.
Historians want parts of the base to be preserved as a heritage centre that could show future
generations the struggle with Soviet communism 'in a way no document can'.
Details of the latest recommendations for Heyford - now being called Heyford Park - have been
put forward by English Heritage which has called for measures to prevent demolition of the
'irreplaceable' military remains.
Current thinking comes from a detailed assessment of Cold War infrastructure across England
by English Heritage experts. Keith Watson, the chief executive of the North Oxfordshire
Consortium who are to develop part of the site for housing, said they were in full agreement
with English Heritage's proposals.
He said: "We are quite content with what English Heritage is proposing. It has always been part
of our scheme to retain these structures in any event. "We are working with English Heritage to
agree a consistent plan for the buildings."
David Went, English Heritage inspector of ancient monuments, said many Upper Heyford
features exemplify historical aspects of national importance about the Cold War.
"The sheer scale and bare functionality of the structures on the base can illustrate for present and
future generations, in a way no document can, the reality of the struggle with Soviet
Communism," he said.
276
"In our view much of this character would be lost by future ill-thought-out change and there
stands an opportunity to ensure this does not happen.
"We recognize that preservation of the whole base exactly as it stands today may not be a
realistic option but a sustainable future could be found which balances the need for preservation
against other needs."
Mr Went said the English Heritage view was that the future appearance of the base should
include the most significant monuments and should:
keep the open character of the runway area without planting schemes planned by developers
keep a section of the main runway and the remainder as a grassed avenue
provide all-weather access to the monuments, preferably by keeping existing base taxiways and
perimeter tracks, for visitors or other practical use
preserve the present landscape balance around the bomb bunkers and quick reaction area.
The English Heritage study, submmitted to the Planning Inspectorate in advance of the public
inquiry into planning wrangles over the base which started at Bodicote House yesterday, has
revealed that much of the Heyford landscape prior to becoming an airbase was open common or
heathland - a feature Cherwell District Council planners would like re-established as a local
country park.
The council aims to defend the accepted 1,000-home plan which the North Oxfordshire
Consortium of developers wishes to extend to over 5,000 homes.
allied-союзний consistent-послідовний
nuclear-ядерний housing-житло,житловий
preserved-збережений exemplify-пояснювати,бути прикладом
heritage-спадщина sheer-чистий
generation-покоління appearance-поява
military-воєнний landscape-ландшафт
assessment-оцінка in advance-завчасно
prior-попередній feature-характеристика,особливість
executive-виконавчий
277
Text 20.The power of advertising
Where would modern society be without advertising? Individual advertisers might think they
are just trying to sell a particular product but advertising as a whole sells us an entire lifestyle. If
it weren't for advertising the whole of society would be quite different. The economy, for
instance, would be plunged into a crisis without the adverts and all the publicity that fuel our
desire for limitless consumption.
As John Berger observed in his book "Ways of Seeing", all advertising conveys the same simple
message: my life will be richer, more fulfilling once I make the next crucial purchase. Adverts
persuade us with their images of others who have apparently been transformed and are, as a
result, enviable. The purpose is to make me marginally dissatisfied with my life - not with the
life of society, just with my individual life. I am supposed to imagine myself transformed after
the purchase into an object of envy for others - an envy which will then give me back my love of
myself.
The prevalence of this social envy is a necessary condition if advertising is to have any hold on
us whatsoever. Only if we have got into the habit of comparing ourselves with others and
finding ourselves lacking, will we fall prey to the power of advertising.
While fanning the flames of our envy advertising keeps us preoccupied with ourselves, our
houses, our cars, our holidays and the endless line of new electronic gadgets that suddenly seem
indispensable. Tensions in society and problems in the rest of the world, if attended to at all,
quickly fade into the background. They are certainly nothing to get particularly worked up
about. After all, there can't be any winners without losers. That's life.
Furthermore, together with the holy rituals of shopping (people get dressed up now to go
shopping in the way that they only used to get dressed up when they went to church) advertising
is one of the ways in which we are quietly persuaded that our society is the best of all possible
worlds (or at least so good that it is not worth campaigning for any fundamental changes).
Adverts implicitly tell us to get off our fat arses and do some shopping, and the idea that the
shelves of the shops are full of the latest products is indeed one of the most effective ways in
which contemporary society gets its legitimation.
People like John Berger are also not entirely over the moon about the impact that advertising
and shopping have on the value of political freedom. Freedom is supposed to be the highest
value in our societies, but in the age of the consumer that freedom is all too readily identified
with the freedom to choose between Pepsi and Coke, McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken,
Toyota and Ford, and people lose interest in the various political freedoms and our ability to
participate in the process of exercising democratic control. There are lots of criticisms that could
be made of modern democracies, but no one is going to pay much attention to them if they are
more interested in becoming happy shoppers.
In all these ways advertising helps to keep the whole socio-economic show on the road. We are
rarely aware of this because we are too busy working to earn the money to pay for the objects of
our dreams - dreams that play on the screen of our mind like the little clips of film we see in the
commercial breaks.
278
advertising-реклама suddenly-раптово
advertiser-рекламщик indispensable-необхідний,незамінний
limitless-необмежений background-фон
consumption-споживання furthermore-більше того
convey-передавати fundamental-основний
fulfilling-виконання implicitly-неясно,неявно,незрозуміло
crucial-вирішальний contemporary-сучасний
enviable-завистний legitimation-узаконення
dissatisfied-незадоволений impact-вплив
envy-заздрити consumer-покупець
prevalence-розповсюдженість pay much attention-звертати багато уваги
condition-стан,умова
whatsoever-будь-який
Text 21.Nanotechnology
Anybody who doesn't know much about nanotechnology should begin with geckos. These are
the lizards that are probably the world's best climbers. Watching them climb upside down on a
horizontal pane of glass, you realize that spiderman should really have been called geckoman.
These guys outclimb spiders any day.
With perfect ease they can hang from a single toe, and they do so by pure adhesion, not by
sticking a toe in a hole or by curling it round something they can grip. With all the toes on the
glass scientists estimate that if the rest of the body were strong enough it could take the weight of
a 100kg person suspended below it. Although each toe is equipped with a tiny hook-like claw at
the end, these are of no use on the glass. What keeps them up there is the amazing structure of
the skin of the toe.
Seen under the microscope each toe has around two million tiny hairs on its underside. Under
the higher magnification of an electron microscope the end of each of these hairs is seen to split
into hundreds of even tinier nano-hairs, which scientists have called spatulae. These hairs are so
small that they are able to establish contact with the molecular structure of the surface the gecko
is walking on. With that near-perfect contact the hairs are stuck to the surface by elctromagnetic
forces called van der Waals forces. The molecules on the feet and on the surface have areas of
slight positive or negative charge that attract each other like mini magnets when they get really
close.
279
Scientists have been working for over 15 years now to try to unlock the secrets of the stickiness
of gecko toes and find a way to artificially reproduce the same structure of nano-hairs. The
hypothesis at the moment is that if any material can be shaped into nano-hairs they will have the
same properties as those on gecko toes, so scientists are looking for an alternative material with
which to manufacture the stickiest synthetic surface ever.
This is one example of research in the field now known as nanotechnology. In this field, the
technology being created can be measured in a few nanometres (one nanometre is a millionth of
a millimetre). Interest in developing technology at this level was largely inspired by Richard
Feynman at the beginning of the 1960?s, but the 'nano' catchphrase was coined in the 1990?s by
Dr. Eric Drexler, who spurred scientists on through a series of speeches and a book entitled
"Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology".
The scientists working on the geckos envisage an enormously wide range of possible
applications for the kind of adhesive nanotechnology that they will develop. The one that will
make the biggest splash in the media will be the gloves and the boots that will allow rock-
climbers to take their sport to hitherto undreamed of heights. But the technology could also be
used in surgery to keep the edges of wounds together without the need for stitches. There will
also be a huge potential in the manufacturing sector to stick millions of components together
tighter than ever before without glues or screws.
pane-панель stickiness-липкість
adhesion-прилипання artificially-штучно
although-хоча property-власність
underside-нижня частина speech-промова
surface-поверхня entitled-уповноважений
unlock-відкривати enormously-надзвичайно
application-застосування,засіб,програма undreamed of-неможливо,неймовірно
splash-сплеск surgery-хірургія
boots-чоботи wounds-рани
Text 22.Boy and girl problems

Love stories generally build up to a romantic climax and then end, leaving us with the
impression that the couple lived happily ever after. Sadly, the reality is rarely as rosy as this.
In the first flush of love nothing much matters beyond being together - no sacrifice is too great
if it helps you spend more time with the person whose mere presence intoxicates you. But when
280
the intoxication starts to wear off, as it does unfortunately, little misunderstandings start
occuring, causing friction, irritation, long cold silences or angry rows and the rosy image of
love can give way to a deep sense of disillusion.
Why is there this friction between men and women? John Gray thinks he knows the answer. The
root cause of the problem, apparently, is that men and women don't understand just how
different they are emotionally. Men and women respond to problems in very different ways and
consequently have very different emotional needs. When people insist on their own needs and
fail to properly appreciate the needs of their partners there is bound to be friction.
Women, typically, deal with problems and stresses by talking about how they feel. A woman
may easily feel overwhelmed and by talking she will find relief and feel less upset. There is no
need necessarily to deal with the practicalities of the problem - they are of secondary
significance. What really matters is expressing herself, exploring her emotions and getting the
support from a loving relationship in which she feels that she is understood.
Whereas women want to talk and talk about their problems, men withdraw into the caves of
their mind to focus on solving the problem. A man's self-esteem is built on a sense of how
competent he is, so he feels he must develop the skills to solve his problems on his own. Asking
for help or idly expressing how terrible you feel is perceived as an admission of weakness and
incompetence. Rather than looking for understanding, men want their partners to admire them
for the way they achieve their goals.
To illustrate a typical lack of understanding Gray describes the following scenario: a man and a
woman return home burdened by their respective problems - he has been sitting on the train or
in his car silently trying to work out the problems of the day, but they seem insoluble and a guy
like this, when he gets home, is likely to have a burning need to just sit in front of the telly or
play a game just to take his mind off his problems and find a way to gradually relax. But just
when he is trying to forget a confusing and problematic reality, his partner wants him to listen as
she pours out all her problems, looking for support and understanding. If he has the energy, he
may tolerate this just enough to work out what the main problem is, then he will bluntly suggest
a solution before returning to the TV or the game. But the woman doesn't want solutions - she
wants a kind ear and someone to embrace her. Each annoys the other: he with his silence and
she with her continual moaning.
The more busy life becomes, the greater this friction will be. As the problems men face seem
greater and more intractable, the more they need to escape and the less they are able to patiently
sit and lovingly listen to their partner's frustrations. The more demanding a woman's life
becomes, the greater her emotional turmoil is and the more she has to express. If her partner is
glued to the TV or out skydiving all the time, they will grow further and further apart.
John Gray, whose job it is to provide counselling for couples, is optimistic. With a little help he
thinks men and women can understand each other better and learn to respect their differences.
He thinks that women can start to respect that men need to withdraw to cope with stress and they
can realise that this doesn't mean that they no longer love them. And he is convinced that men
can find that listening to their partner talk about her problems could actually help them come out
of their caves in the same way as watching TV or skydiving. Apparently, men need to be needed.
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By learning to listen without giving solutions they can see how much of a positive difference
they can make in their partner's life and thus appreciate how important they are. So the key to
keeping the flames of love alight would seem to be less telly and more listening.
impression-враження overwhelmed-приголомшений,вражений
beyond-за чимось significance-значення
sacrifice-пожертвувати whereas-тоді як,в той час
unfortunately-на жаль insoluble-нерозчинний,нерозв’язний
irritation-роздратування self-esteem-самоповага
row-ряд admission-вхід,допущення
disillusion-розчарування lack-недостача,відсутність
root-корінь,корінний burdened- обтяжений
consequently-тому,в результаті confusing-заплутаний
properly-правильно,властиво tolerate-терпіти,допускати
bound-зв’язаний embrace-обіймати
appreciate-цінувати continual-постійний,неперервний
intractable-неподатливий lovingly-закохано
couples-пари alight-запалений
convinced-переконаний
Text 23.Robin Hood-fact or fiction?

There can be no doubt about Sherlock Holmes or Indiana Jones. They are definitely invented
characters. But Robin Hood: fact or fiction? That question has many answers.
It depends a bit on what you mean by a "real person". If we mean: "Was there a man called
Robin Hood, who did all the things we can read about?", then the answer is no. But if we mean:
"Was there a man who lived in the Middle Ages, and is remembered in the legends of Robin
Hood", then the answer is yes.
The legend of Robin Hood is a very old one; and it is certainly based on reality.
According to one story, Robin was really an Anglo-Saxon nobleman, perhaps called Robin of
Huntingdon, or Robin Fitz-Ooth, and he was a rebel against England's Norman rulers.
282
After William the Conqueror conquered England in 1066, England was ruled by Norman kings
and Norman barons. Most of the ordinary Anglo Saxon people accepted their new masters; but
some didn't. They became outlaws, enemies of the Norman barons and the people who worked
for them.
In modern language, we could perhaps call this Robin a "resistance fighter" - though some
people might call him a "terrorist". The legend tells us that he took money from the rich, and
gave it to the poor. In fact, he probably took money from the Normans (who were relatively
rich), and gave it to poor Anglo Saxons. This is why he soon became a legendary hero among
Anglo Saxons.
Other stories claim that Robin was not an Anglo Saxon nobleman, but a common fugitive; they
say that his real name was "Robert Hod", and that he only fought against his personal enemies,
in particular the Sheriff of Nottingham, not against the Normans.
Many old stories said that Robin lived in Yorkshire. However, later stories had him living in
Sherwood Forest, near Nottingham; and today, Robin's name is definitely attached to the city of
Nottingham, and to Sherwood Forest.
Finally, what about the "merry men" that we meet in today's stories and films? Friar Tuck, Little
John and the others? And what about the beautiful "Maid Marion"?
It appears that these secondary characters have no historic base.
Nevertheless, at least one real person was the inspiration for the stories of Robin Hood; and that
person must have had friends. Perhaps there was a big man called John, and a fat friar too.
Perhaps there was even a beautiful young lady called Marion. Let's imagine these people really
existed - because in truth, they probably did, somewhere, at some time.
In Nottingham, Robin is now a very popular character. Visitors to the city can learn all about him
at the "Tales of Robin Hood" exhibition, where Robin and his adventures are brought to life; and
in Sherwood Forest, "the Major Oak", a massive old tree, is said to be Robin Hood's tree.
Maybe Robin never lived at all in the past; but too bad! His spirit is certainly alive today.
no doubt-без сумніву attached-прикріплений
depend-залежати outlaw-вигнанець
certainly-звичайно,несумнівно perhaps-може бути,можливо
conquered-завойований resistance-опір
in fact-насправді in particular-в особливості
exhibition-виставка,демонстрація,показ
283
Text 24.Tolkien-the man who gave us the Hobbit
"Middle Earth" is a world to itself, a magical mythical place like no other. It is one of the most
famous places in twentieth century fiction, and the wonderful fruit of a brilliant imagination. The
Lord of the Rings, the trilogy set in this mysterious world, has become one of the great classics
of twentieth century literature. It has been translated into dozens of languages and imitated by
dozens of writers, storytellers and film makers; yet no-one has surpassed the genius of the
original. J.R.R.Tolkien, the author of Lord of the Rings, was the improbable creator of this great
work of fantasy.
It was while he was marking exams in the early 1930's that J.R.R.Tolkien, Professor of
Mediaeval English Literature at Oxford University, wrote down a strange sentence that started:
"In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit..."
Obviously, creative writing was more interesting than marking papers, for Tolkien went on to
transform his sentence into a full novel, called "The Hobbit", published in 1937.
Quite unlike any other book in contemporary English literature, the Hobbit was an extended
fairy tale, an allegory set in a mythical world peopled with strange creatures and animals. It was
not the sort of book that ought to have become a best seller in the late 1930's, but it did – so
much so that the publisher requested a sequel. Delayed by the horror of war, the first volume of
Lord of the Rings eventually reached the bookshops in 1954.
Since then, Tolkien has come to be seen as one of the most important figures in English literature
this century, an original genius who created his own style of literature and his own universe. So
who was this unusual figure, born in the late nineteenth century in rural South Africa?
Tolkien in the army John Ronald Reuel Tolkien first came to England at the age of 4, when his
mother determined that it would be better for him to be brought up in a milder climate. His
father, a banker, should have followed his family back to England, but shortly after their
departure Arthur Tolkien caught rheumatic fever and died; Ronald and his brother were thus
brought up by their mother from age four onwards.
Tragedy was to mark Ronald's childhood again; when he was 10, his mother died of diabetes,
leaving him and his brother to be brought up in the care of a family friend, Father Francis
Morgan, a Catholic priest.
With no parents, and no family except his brother, Ronald was left much to himself; a dreamer,
he loved reading and could happily lose himself in the imaginary worlds he passed through in the
pages of novels. Yet as a pupil at King Edward's School in Birmingham, he proved to be a
brilliant linguist, and soon mastered French and German, Latin and Greek, plus Anglo Saxon,
Old Norse, Icelandic and Finnish. His interest in Scandinavian languages also led him into a
world of sagas and mythology.
At the age of sixteen, Ronald fell in love with a pretty girl, Edith Bratt, three years his senior,
who was another orphan living in the same lodging house in Birmingham. In the strict climate
of Edwardian Britain, teenage romances were frowned on, and although Ronald and Edith did
their best to keep things a secret, it was not very long before someone spilled the beans. Furious,
284
Father Francis removed Ronald to new lodgings, while Edith's guardians sent her to live with
relatives in the genteel town of Cheltenham.
Heartbroken, Ronald swore eternal love to Edith, even though he could not see her again; and
with no other girls to worry about, he escaped from his sadness into hard work at school,
eventually winning a scholarship to Oxford to study philology.
The question of whether art imitates reality, or vice versa, is one which is often discussed; but in
Tolkien's case, the answer seems to be quite clear! Raised on a diet of novels, sagas and
imaginary fiction, Ronald Tolkien did the kind of thing "that only happens in books"; when
midnight struck on the day of his 21st birthday, he wrote to Edith announcing his intention of
marrying her at once!
Edith, however, had in the mean time got engaged to a young man in Cheltenham, and wrote
back to Ronald with this unexpected news! On receipt of her letter, Ronald hurried down to
Cheltenham and began courting Edith again; the other young man was soon forgotten!
Then the war began. During the next year and a half, Ronald completed his degree in English
(having changed courses), getting married to Edith before being sent off to fight in the trenches.
Two months later, he was on the Somme, where he saw many of his great friends killed.
By good fortune, Ronald came out of the war physically unscathed; but psychologically, he had
been through a deeply marking experience. The war had strengthened his love of the calm of
the countryside, and hatred of industry and the evil of inhumanity and war. These themes were
to come up repeatedly through the idealism expressed in his fiction, from the Hobbit to the Lord
of the Rings and beyond.
mysterious-загадковий departure-відправлення,від’їзд
dozens-багато caught-захоплений
surpass-перевершити brought up-виховали
mediaeval-середньовічний onward-вперід,дальше
quite unlike-цілком різний dreamer-мрійник
orphan-сирота inhumanity-нелюдськість
requested-запрошений lodging house-житловий будинок
delayed-затриманий spilled-пролитий,просипаний
scholarship-вченість,стипендія announcing-проголошення
unexpected-неочікуваний unscathed-недоторканий
strengthened-укріплений,усилений repeatedly-неодноразово,повторно
285
Text 25.Who is James Bond?
In one of the first Bond novels, Ian Fleming tells us that James Bond - the classic “Englishman"?
- was the son of a Scottish father and an Oriental mother. But perhaps this was not really true.
The title of the 19th Bond film, “The World is Not Enough", was based on the Latin motto of the
Bond family, which is mentioned in one of the early novels. However, it now appears that the
motto is not that of the Scottish Bonds, but that of a different Bond family, who came from the
South West of England. So perhaps, Bond really is English, not Scottish, after all. Who knows?
Bond went to school in England, anyway - to Eton College, the same school as his creator Ian
Fleming. This is where Princes William and Harry were educated, and also many British Prime
Ministers, including David Cameron and Boris Johnson ! It is a school where young people learn
how to move in high society, like Bond does so well.
After leaving school, Bond did not go to university - it wasn’t necessary in the 1950’s......
Oh? You didn’t know Bond was so old? He doesn’t look it, granted, but he is! Like a few other
famous people, he seems to have found the secret of eternal middle age (we can’t call it “eternal
youth", can we?).
Bond joined the British Secret Service, where he soon got promoted to the top of the spyrachy,
the “double O" category. From then on he was 007, “licensed to kill", and so began a career
which would take him to all the corners of the earth.
In the early days, Bond’s role was quite clear. He was working for the West, and his main
enemies were men from the KGB, and other dangerous organisations. Since the end of the Cold
War, the role of MI6 has changed, and Bond’s job profile has changed with it. Now his main
enemies are the big bosses of organised crime and international terrorism.
Unlike the Cold War, organised crime is unlikely to come to an end - at least, not in the near
future. We can therefore be sure that James Bond, the best-known English fictional hero of the
20th century, has many more exciting adventures ahead of him.
Hollywood has already begun making sure of that! The original films were based on the fifteen
novels written by Ian Fleming; but after the last of these was made into a film, it was clear that
Hollywood was not going to stop! Bond films are too popular and too profitable to abandon. So
Hollywood has invented new James Bond stories...
In many ways, Bond has changed a lot since the early days. To start with, several different actors
have played the part of Bond, most notably Sean Connery, Roger Moore and today’s Daniel
Craig; but over the years, Bond movies have become more and more fantastic. Fleming’s
original character was fantastic, because he always came out alive; his adventures were
incredible, but they were based on some sort of realism. Bond’s original car (his Aston Martin
DB5) had gadgets, but they were all plausible! They were gadgets that would let him escape if
he was being chased.
286
More recently, Bond has had cars that can fire missiles from the headlights, and do other
remarkable things! In a sense, the modern Bond is Agent Gadget - and the people who try to get
him have some even more amazing gadgets - like the enormous circular saw that hangs under a
helicopter, cutting through everything that gets in its way (except Bond, of course!).
In the next Bond films, there will surely be lots more amazing things; but Bond will continue to
be the same, cool, calm and collected – the classic Englishman.; Craig is unlikely to be the last
007, and Bond will doubtless go on entertaining us for many more years!
mentioned-згаданий profitable-прибутковий
eternal-вічний plausible-правдоподібний
promote-просувати chase-перелідувати
main-головний remarkable-видатний
international-міжнародний doubtless-безсумнівний
therefore-отже entertaining-розважальний
best-known-найкращий,найбільший
ficitional-видуманий
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English workbook

•1800 tests by different topics

•Use of English (35 texts)

•Reading (25 texts)

4-216 сторінки-1800 tests

217-248 сторінки-Use of English

B1 level tests(Beginner tests)

Verb «to be»

Use of «another, other, others, the other, the others»

Phrasal verbs part 1

Phrasal verbs part 2

Passive Voice part 1

Passive Voice part 2

Gerunds and Infinitives

Adjectives and Adverbs

If clauses and Wish clauses

1.I ______ bus on Mondays.

a. 'm going to work with b. 'm going to work by

c. go to work with d. go to work by

2.Sorry, but this chair is ______.

3.A: 'How old ______?' B: 'I ______ .'

a. are you / am 20 years old. b. have you / have 20 years old

c. are you / am 20 years. d. do you have / have 20 years.

4.I ______ to the cinema.

a. usually don't go b. don't usually go c. don't go usually d. do not go usually

a. your sister works b. your sister work

c. does your sister work d. do your sister work

6.The test is ______ February.

7.I eat pasta ______ week.

a. twice in a b. twice a c. one time a d. once in a

8.I don't have ______ free time.

a. many b. any c. a lot d. some

9.A: '_____ to the cinema tomorrow?'

a. to buy b. for buy c. for to buy d. for buying

11.Sorry, but when you called I ______ a shower.

a. had b. did have c. was having d. were having

12.______ are very friendly and very intelligent.

a. Dolphins b. The dolphins c. A dolphin d. The dolphin

13.Somebody stole ______ yesterday.

a. the car of my mother b. my car mother c. my mother's car d. my mother car

14.______ with me?

a. Do you like to dance b. Would you like to dance

c. Do you like dance d. Would you like dancing

15.She is ______ her sister, I think.

16.I couldn't eat ______ before the exam.

a. nothing b. anything c. everything d. something

17.Please, pass me the remote. ______ TV.

a. I'm watching b. I will watch c. I'm going to watch d. I might watch

18.I'll call you when I ______ home.

a. arrive b. 'm going to arrive c. will arrive d. arrived

a. Have you ever gone in b. Do you have been in

c. Have you ever been to d. Have you ever been into

a. slow b. slower c. more slowly d. slowly

21.Can you ______ the lights? I can't see.

a. open b. turn on c. start d. put on

22.We couldn't find a taxi, ______ we walked home.

a. so b. because c. but d. although

23.Tomorrow I ______ get up early; it's my day off.

3.A: 'How old ?' B: 'I .'