Chockalim A.

oalos(2o23
uotiaaoni hohue doe% this co wse
se fit ? Twuday
Basie T, Adw topia, QT
CT-S\ ’0C, Wc, STSP

SPCOM ’ mimosP, Comgnessed sensing

Ads se, Aray aP, spase SË
VDSPleGA 2Prgnaommus.
de ctue-02 04los|ao23
Thwsday
nfprtin hueny:
Tells utat ahievabla] posble.
Tx Channel

Capaihy e the chandl

C= BLega (1+SNR)
Clase to error t
bpsnale that one tx guliably ’ Pobe
ma-
Povbality of bit oo.
powe Wats
Rbps < Cops Watts

SNR: enitless Noise powe

ntast : bps
Muanes ef bpsl Hg
Mutual nfomalan,enbrpy
+SNR)
said
|mathods to achiwe ntat it
CT.S: usices tuhnius
possible.
* Méduation/emodulatian
l Qeusding
* Channl cedingASignal
SNR:de
nlival SNR 1.
System dusign T
lolg SNR.
ÞT 4T
T aT
T (see
T
BPSK BPSK Channel BPSK
modulalox
1-1 |Seneduatoy
No

dt

b/N, lde)
(E (SNe)
Watts-see
Eb: Enng4 pea bat
pectra Powea
No: Noise Noise wnt watts/ Hg
denmhy Wals

No
Eb and SNR
No
VS ES
No No

Es

log,m
Eb
N No

No.
 Es Gs. Esw 1 =W
T
No T
Es, w Now- N
N

Eb SNR
No
Eb SNR
No

tb M=4 No 2

No
SNR AS6- QAM
Eb.
No
lo24-qAM
|2
4096-8AM
Pe
M-lb
m
mey
Eb
No

Speutracl n as m‘
Pe degads
Modulation. Coding. bis
K: # u
System-& Rate Coded bls
n= rate =
Coded inf paiy bli
(n-k) an ky
1 bper channel. AR bps
R
QPSK
dineduation
Into.buls Rate 1

Charnel fEC
fate : bp
8- PSK rate:

vali:3 s bpodeiedud
inf. bi&
4- QAM
qate
info
3 biu
4oded bls 6fAM vat bph
rati
 dectue- 03
* Metisation

* CTS algorithu for bhahmelhs

nanmlla
bslos2o23,
and
An conAmenietion
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stimalon
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egins
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aling Spewal punpose Hlo
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Handwnne and Sotuwe
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RE Engines
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x
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(AWGN)
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lx Ant qan
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Chardrayan
Seepspace cemmuniation link
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Tx AFE
'achiti -
a) teo- 2E >1- Staq
88 >
Bascband
PB
fassPGBB
band (Honodyne)

* RE analag mpamenli medling

* oillatos ( Caes Aouue)
phase neise medeling
.nose on SNR BER pufera
SNR
dugadaluon due to phaae
Sangling tu (Cloce sooue)
Aiynaling intawal Sampliny yny
tinu
Medel and shudy the T

ADC AD Ce.
(n-)r
nT
 Buynadalion.
<Ppm) Samgling *
(clocks) ooct gny
SeO estimati
atlabSim.
kautoo dugnading a OFDn
be Can
vanation.
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(ppm)
impaumnt Manuatwng
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CFO : bowws
etstfuqueny Camien *
(ceo)
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duniy voltage Noise RMS Vo
V8
denaty voltage Neise
V4kTR V4KTRE
SNRout
SNRun fe
snstioty and kgue Netse
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No=
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R
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englkI-39x(6
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voltage ese RMS
nwlor panwe gnnald
aby vnltag Nose
Aeocce phyotual the polsent
changes flutnatims
the of otandone the Caused
h
)
(t)
Nonise Thumal
 Blu linup
( Kzliy Modues
oif) troth
the odel, Saleh
models
PmAm output AMAm/ Am
Tnput
distooled Am tnmplifu Youwe *
distantiow
futsBegading
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TB,. îa, points
DP,) , compson |-d6 *
point Gain
Snoertion
los
lineasty Non ordes andg
pouwe ’lp
Powee
bensuioty
ugisn NL noLse ADC
tut tet floos’
PAPR
Dvesamplrg SaNR, -
nose Thmal
cippgdyam aise),Quantigatio -
4ntinyaws ADL|0AC *
enuunation
atir IgT digadalon puomanu Asaus
kmslol Matab
1Íí Model
pnfomane Pngon dugnadalion
inn use
sataon Sinwtt A,tA,
Tx
dienod med| At Î8
 syotom|link
Tx
1nole light connnuniatun ED
PD Rx

* VLC n an ndop eoDnmnt

link dugn
* VLC Conwwwniation
MIMO
Mo tuhnique fos vec
VLO
OF DM

Newal nehenks fo Cso

CSp

Mep laningl deypONN

banc NN mh to diniyn f deteuen
GAppliaón
09/os|ao23
Kectue -04
Adedule 4 : Neise chanatuization
|Modilng Tusday
Themal mose - boue 9 changs/uons
Random bDuenian uetion e
AwGN to ndices.
Tempuatuie dupendint.
Tx mignal 'AwGN
nt)
yt) = t ) t
Gausnian
Range o values Go: Raf
t) =
Real
Conplejonase Real N(o, 0}2)
n deoices :
Noise Soltag
-

Neisy
Rs tnlt)
>t
9t) RMS o GIe
alls
V 4K TR, B
Boltymams Const I38 x163/K
(oalta) oltag
(°c)
T: Tempunat ne
R: hms lo°c = 8sK
B: Banduwidth (ty) I7 °c - 90° K
 T= 29o k
R= Sos,BoMh
1e 4
|26 uV
T296k
4 V
126u V
Q00 MH

I 28 uV
4u
Q6D MH

) Nose pows :

Thevenins cquivalunt of nouy sstor

Antenna
R lNoise fru)
W Maximine Ry hignal po Ri= Rs
Ri

Noise power Pn
-RstRi)
Ri
VqkrRsB
Rs Ri = R
4KT RB

Ba kTB wats

KTB kT wattlHs
B
k= I:38 xIoJk
T:A90K
No>4 XI6
A0W! J3 dew

2kw! 33dBw

|MW a-30 dBw

 eetue-0s nos|a0a3
Neise in tansitte Thussday
) Additional/ Ncess nose added n a dooie No, m
Sim Nin Nin Nout
NoLse
= SNR in Nout t Nun
Neise fiquxe, f =
atts

SNRout Addiional neise

addled by the besice
Sw | Nin
Sout Nout
fm = Si, m/ Nim So,m
Som No,m
No,m

Som.Ni,m the m dusica)

Si,m
G.(Powegain o
Fm No, m
Gm Nim KTB (matchedd e )
Nom Fm Gm Nem
additional/eaess
Nom =
Gmim t Ngn) noise added by
the mh duiie.
Nm Nom - Gm Nim Substitute for Nom from
and simplfy
Fm GmNu - Gm Nim
Nm Gm Nin(Fm-)
F= SNR)
(SNRout
praüse > 1
Tn > 0 dB
RsRR
s next
questaon ae matchd
6) hshatCas desices ’ hohich
cadee
Fi,G,,N, f,6p, Ne

Nise
the cascade fe- ?
powe tique ef
K67 Nose
KBT
(SNR)s
m SNut
 Nim - N

y the cab Cade

KTB
added
Ne: Exess Mee
Ge Nt(Fe- D

Ge:Gaiunof the casade

M=l,2, . N
Nm fo
N,= G,NiE-) 6a

Ng Ga NiC-)’6b

N
: Cne way o witing Ne
Amothe way
+ GuNN- + NN ()
tqnate equations and G and we equaticn
kor Ni, Na.. .NN,Ni and
and simpliby
Mmpl you toll gut
Faiis equation.
FN--! FN-I

Next Question SNR 9ls Pob. eo0d

Pe= Q(SeD)
(No:
 Reuuve enstty ’ Reived kignal pouoe (wata) dBm
Minimum Mgnal powon hignned to mat #he Aeqund
oER Pugoane SNRout
S/Na
Soat / Nout
Sin/Nn
(SNeout, uquind
Fex (SNeutaied' Nin
snstiy
PexNioSNRNI
Rysen .SNkyut, eq
Fex KTB" SNRat, g
Phaysical aya tuhniques that wile nedue SNR out uquired
for
Noise kgie foa Cascade of musmatched duoices.
12)0slaoa3
letue- O6 Iaiday
- 88 dBm Fex= 4
SNRout,g= |0

b) SNR

e ioMHg
m and
foont end Bw
ciL phon hass athe thenal nese flor. T-an
A call
NP e 3 de. what
Sin/Nin
Sout/ Nout
F GKTB
Nout Nout
neise
 Cascaded neise (nismatched duias)
Rs Ri
h3
1an
Fe-?
9UYns noise
n,m vottag
e the mth dusie. Accoible n RE
Phyial enanple: RE tcs SC design tools
Gmi mth doies powes Qain
(N+2) 10lkages
m=l,2, N

Pn,ut = GGGinth)+ a 3-
2

m=1

1nut
Gc
Substituting O and sinplif
2
n,
(19%+19)t
2

Sio/Nus
1n,out
Sout/Nout
2

1 + Bn,Rx 1+ 19n,Rx
4 KTRB
 Noise kgwe 19s etteutwe tampvuhuu "
Noise
(Satcom) kow NF chains
0-S dB
O6dB
olp = GkTB +Nn
NinkIg Nout
Thuat Hhis as

4
Nput 4, KTB + G,KTeB an equivalint nput
Nout
a cutain tempnatue Te
GNn
G,KB(T+ le)

T+Te
Te=(f- )T
F= 1t Te Fand Te
Relatin between
T=240°K
N-P at Najse tump

Te= 84-8°K

Te 43.s°K
Colored nouse pink noise)
Picken Noise : (
un dices can be colovd.
nO AAe Rl)
Jn pratise -
No/2

whit dB)deade
InoSe
&o dBldecade
1od 30 dedecade
No

Noise
Modee the ficke
powa spebal dnsity (w/ t;)
No: Thunal noise prop
Jick ese: îs nwasly
ficku
B
 = N
Nquk No
fornu
No fconna
letal nese Ihumal t fhckea
PSD ) = Not Nlicke
noise
- No + No forne
PSD . Cf)'e No(1+ ome)
noue

PSp )
ise

No

foonu

feona s
Simulation e lickn
PSp (f)
oise Ne (1t fexu)
No
Phase is not thne
n this medl
Rual signal
nt) = ngt) + ng) medeling pupoe
nboduue a andom
Heamihan symmy phase,

f>0 > N)= PsPhnef)ipe)

f20 Nlo)=
 Nodule-2: Cemmuniatin dink Budget gloslao3
|detue-o+ Satunday
No
SNRout
Rx

Rx bensntiviy
(Min. 9ny
to met (SNR)ut, ad
neevea
P! Rx sgnal powEA at the
(uwatte)
P: Tx powea
qain (d8)
Gr: Tx antenna and Rx (met)
stance ltween Tx
distamu, wavhngt)
d'
the channd (fn o
dp: Pathloss e gain
GR: Rx antenna (°k) le: a u hquny
Nese temputune
T:
Path loss dp wawelngth (m)
A:
(4nd
Pr-GTR speud of light
3x10 m/se

+ Gras-lopat Gaas
in dBBale

(Peaaw, Tx ant. lependent

and
Autennas
Gain Rx ant wavelength
Parabolic Hon
Antenna
Antenna
-Aiamelae
JCm)
Rx antnna Gain
= 4Ae
A2
Physial dimnalon 4
Ae'
np fueny antnna
 Squane-hoom
A=dH

A AMh
kink
Example o a Satom
linka.
Uplink
kink 1 QSat
Telecemmand
Aink& :a Hoplink

4ND stnA
Telmry dinki! 1 Hop

GND Stn B
link a: 1 hop

End- to-End dnk

ek link desgn:

Geo stationay sat to govurd Staink

d= 86 ODo Km
d 6oo Km
14s-6 dB l60 dB

- 36383 x I0
At the batllite P l0 w o dBw

Ao = -224
o-0224
n²= ux0-0124

At Rx.

GR 38.qdB
 link) ink( e-Q-e
alay Soue
Dtinatin
And and Amp Hop Q-
elay Conmmunication
Budqt Kink
xIo I-366
lVN)4 No
x
IO44
=
-40 No'As
dB
19-4
Eb
ae No
Noise 9
/dB No
tb
mbs Rl
()
det
No NodB
RNo No Raesale
Pe (H))
BPSK bps R
PR
dBHy 84:3699 =
|D3.48
dBWI 204 No-
290°K TNoise:
|2
-|1463dBW) =
|45-6
dB 94dB- Q0dBw+
38 +dp 11
 the st link
! SNR on
a ' SNR on the
link
End- to end sNR
Y4!
fnl,,)

16]os(a023
* End to End SNR
detu-o8
Af -HOP NetwOxk
GND stn B
Twenday
GND Atn A Sattuit
AF estination
Sousce Relag
e2e SNR
Ist hop !
Amplitde gain

Relaying Rlay

: Powe n i SNR on linka

P :Powe 4
P
Pny: pow Pai
sa

Pr

GPnt Pn
Po!
Substitute tu 6 and Mimplift
Pl

Y,, >> 1

ALtunatively witten
nonit

SNR, t SNR
SNR ee BPSK
No ND
No/e
/ Pe +
Pa
Wolee
Naiul eyoapu:
Ye Wo 2 &6303x/o*

Obsewation: both &NRS

O e2e &NR
the deuding link.
Weakst link sdeidu the oiualepuy
9hick link
Satcem
l l limited and dewn to GrDund station

wplink towands dED

Mobile limid sowe n the mobie
link Aue to
un eam
postd
multi-hop SNR PapuYo multe yalem
Gennalgati
 1
N

(1 ) ( 1 " )

,+,tI 1 1

4 11
1 1 1 +

ignoxe
+11
(MANGAYAAN)
Communiation with Mas.
’st atempt ues to uach Mass

Sun
Venus

muwy

man

|Eanth 36S
day
|Mass 684 dat
distanee between Qarth and MarS =
ClOsest 401 milin Kms
Casthest duslane bewen earth and Mas :

Magty
1#Fty dorg S4-6 mlion km.
&SD days
&1 Sept &ol4
Lommuniati on dhpt:
GND station
on Eau

4Rx360x|pb

MoDn in 384000 Km awo y Kom eatth

360 0DO Km
Prop- dalay: 40| i L tm
way? l336 sees

H):
Given fe= 44ts G=2m dia parabola
d= 36e nillion km

T-30k
Paabadie dist
(Requind)-IsdB
No
e Rx (f)- QdB
Noise 0dation
BPSK
Rate = S Kbps the Rx anlenna
what is the diamnaleo
= 4 Ae
2 3x108

46

Ae D'y.m
fe= 4GHy
= 0.0s0

x400x/o

dp(6: o2\X10°)
2m paabola.

P 4r
Eb
No NoR

P = Eb. No-R
No

= ISdB =
3|-6228 R=SXID bps
No
T- 30' K
N,= KT watilty
-23
= |38 XIb x30
22
4l4 X ID

Pe Eb,
= No. R
No
22
&1-6228414xio Sx Io

Pe

6-7021 X(D x6SysAX|D

36664l0
Ge 4ñ Ae
Ae= Gp-
GR A2

Ae 064|

Ae4

Ge:S4-82dß
Nod 42 1t3844

= 13dB

kb q.as26.
No
P
41302X|D't
366-64lo
( Eb)= 13-|-3
= C706*1
Go Po67x\D
aut88XT6 O-lba!
0-164l
Ae = I3ton payload
O.6465 m 8sa kg: fud
9: 49T6°m
Sientiju paylaad
Is
kogofosx O.0750 Sk,Iok, aok,40kbP
dB
GT= 3b 2199
Gr 42461 X/b
- 22
Ae |:9s92 x1b
X|bS
9030
G2 Gn8s. 1838.

l47282