Maintenance

HYDRAULIC
CLEANLINESS
PROCEDURES

PART NO. 550073240 1900 YRM 1620

 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
• When lifting parts or assemblies, make sure all slings, chains, or cables are correctly fastened, and that the
load being lifted is balanced. Make sure the crane, cables, and chains have the capacity to support the
weight of the load.
• Do not lift heavy parts by hand, use a lifting mechanism.
• Wear safety glasses.
• DISCONNECT THE BATTERY CONNECTOR before doing any maintenance or repair on electric lift trucks.
Disconnect the battery ground cable on internal combustion lift trucks.
• Always use correct blocks to prevent the unit from rolling or falling. See HOW TO PUT THE LIFT TRUCK
ON BLOCKS in the Operating Manual or the Periodic Maintenance section.
• Keep the unit clean and the working area clean and orderly.
• Use the correct tools for the job.
• Keep the tools clean and in good condition.
• Always use APPROVED parts when making repairs. Replacement parts must meet or exceed the
specifications of the original equipment manufacturer.
• Make sure all nuts, bolts, snap rings, and other fastening devices are removed before using force to
remove parts.
• Always fasten a DO NOT OPERATE tag to the controls of the unit when making repairs, or if the unit needs
repairs.
• Be sure to follow the WARNING and CAUTION notes in the instructions.
• Gasoline, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), and Diesel fuel are flammable.
Be sure to follow the necessary safety precautions when handling these fuels and when working on these
fuel systems.
• Batteries generate flammable gas when they are being charged. Keep fire and sparks away from the area.
Make sure the area is well ventilated.
NOTE: The following symbols and words indicate safety information in this man-
ual:

WARNING
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death
or serious injury.

CAUTION
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor
or moderate injury and property damage.
On the lift truck, the WARNING symbol and word are on orange back-
ground. The CAUTION symbol and word are on yellow background.
 Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Proper Flushing after Major Hydraulic Repairs....................................................................................................... 1
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................1
The Phases of Wear............................................................................................................................................. 1
Causes of Hydraulic System Failure.....................................................................................................................1
Progression of Contaminant Caused Hydraulic System Failure...........................................................................2
Hydraulic System Flushing Techniques................................................................................................................2
Double Oil and Filter Change.............................................................................................................................2
Mechanical Cleaning..........................................................................................................................................3
Cleaning of Components....................................................................................................................................3
How to Clean Tubes and Hoses........................................................................................................................... 3
Filter Caddy.......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Start-Up Procedure for Cleaned System.............................................................................................................. 4
Contaminated Oil Coolers.....................................................................................................................................4
Additional Filter Caddy Functions.........................................................................................................................4
How to Handle Different Fluids............................................................................................................................. 4
Water Removal Filters.......................................................................................................................................... 5
Fluid Conditioning and System Flushing Procedures............................................................................................. 5
Operation of the Filter Caddy................................................................................................................................5
Filter Caddy operation........................................................................................................................................5
Fluid Conditioning Procedure............................................................................................................................... 6
Filter Caddy Start-Up......................................................................................................................................... 6
System Flushing Procedure..................................................................................................................................7
Component Cleaning Procedure........................................................................................................................7
Reservoir Cleaning Procedure........................................................................................................................ 7
Cylinder Cleaning Procedure...........................................................................................................................7
Hose and Tube Cleaning Procedure............................................................................................................... 8
Valve Cleaning Procedure............................................................................................................................... 8
Front-End Attachment Cleaning Procedure.....................................................................................................9
System Flushing Procedure...............................................................................................................................9
Filter Caddy Start-Up.....................................................................................................................................10
System Start-Up and Flushing......................................................................................................................... 10
Reservoir Fluid Cleaning Times....................................................................................................................... 11
Dealing With Different Fluid Types......................................................................................................................11
Cleaning Procedure After Switching Fluids (Cross Contamination Flushing).................................................. 11
Filter Caddy Maintenance................................................................................................................................ 12
Servicing the Strainer.......................................................................................................................................12
DC Motor..........................................................................................................................................................12
Hydraulic Oil Sampling Method and Procedure.................................................................................................... 12
Hydraulic Oil Sampling Method.......................................................................................................................... 12
Objective.......................................................................................................................................................... 12
General Guidelines.......................................................................................................................................... 12
Synopsis...........................................................................................................................................................13
Hydraulic Oil Analysis Report Guidelines.........................................................................................................14
Sampling Conditions........................................................................................................................................ 15
Equipment........................................................................................................................................................15
Sampling Procedure........................................................................................................................................... 15
Hydraulic Oil Sampling.....................................................................................................................................15
Sample Labeling.............................................................................................................................................. 16
Results Documentation....................................................................................................................................16

©2020 Yale Materials Handling Corp. i

1900 YRM 1620 Proper Flushing after Major Hydraulic Repairs

Proper Flushing after Major Hydraulic Repairs

INTRODUCTION THE PHASES OF WEAR
Yale lift truck operators/owners sometimes blame Wear starts the day the lift truck is put into operation.
component quality for failures of costly hydraulic See Table 1. Some wear can be detected through
pumps and control valves when in fact these failures condition-based maintenance practices and some are
are cause by system contamination. There are several undetectable. While lift trucks operate normally as they
potential causes for the system contamination: get older, some wear becomes visible during standard
Improper fluid flushing after a repair is maintenance practices. Oil analysis provides the
•
completed. opportunity to determine potential areas of concern. At
this point in the wear phase, it is possible to keep the
• In an effort to minimize downtime, a technician
system operating normally and allow the components
may not complete a thorough clean up
procedure. to survive. When the system reaches the point of no
return, it means that too much wear has occurred and
• The technician may not have the ability to
component replacement or an overhaul becomes the
remove contaminants from the hydraulic system
after completing repairs. only solution. The service technician's task is to
monitor the systems and modify them when
• The technician may not have any visibility of the contamination or wear is detected. This can be
oil cleanliness level before or after necessary
accomplished with condition based maintenance
repairs.
practices and the use of conditioning units like the filter
With proper equipment, having instant visibility to oil caddy discussed below. A well-designed oil analysis
cleanliness and the ability to remove fluid program should enable these common problems to be
contaminants is feasible. Technicians will be able to detected before a flush is required. When successful,
accomplish successful repairs and thoroughly clean nothing more than an oil change may be required. The
the system utilizing filter caddies combined with effectiveness in catching common flush precursors
sponge launchers. Hydraulic pumps and control valves depends on oil samples being taken at the optimum
will operate as designed and reach their intended life frequency and the proper use of laboratory screening
expectancy. tests.

Table 1. Phases of Wear

⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒TIME⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒
Some Symptoms
Operating Normal Operating Normal Performance Issues Failure
Appear
Some wear Point of no return ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒
detectable through Visible wear, Very visible Forensics
fluid analysis changes in behavior symptoms and wear
Non detectable wear
Objective is to increase the operating time with non detectable wear through standard
maintenance practices, including conditioning units (filter caddy) and an oil analysis
program.

CAUSES OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM • When replacing failed components.

FAILURE • Poor shop cleanliness, dirty spare parts
storage, dirty rags.
Industry statistics show that 70-80% of hydraulic
2 Ingression of contamination.
failure are not caused by design flaws, but by
contaminants, water, or lubricant degradation. • Leaky cylinder wiper seals.
Contaminants are produced in different ways: • Reservoir vents with poorly maintained
breather filters.
1 Introduced through poor maintenance and
service procedures. 3 Generated internally due to wear and part
failure.
• Introduced when adding fluids.

1
Proper Flushing after Major Hydraulic Repairs 1900 YRM 1620

4 Chemical reactions between the lubricant HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FLUSHING

additives, water, air, heat, and metallic particles.
TECHNIQUES
Contaminants are not limited to solid particles. Air,
Techniques for flushing hydraulic systems vary in cost
water and high temperatures are also contaminants.
and complexity. Before discussing some of these
Chemical reactions between lubricant additives and
methods, let's first distinguish between Flushing the
water can produce chemical sub-products that could
Fluid and Flushing the System.
be corrosive to vital components inside the hydraulic
system. These same chemical reactions could also • The objective of Flushing the Fluid, commonly
destroy oil film strength where it is most needed. referred to as Fluid Conditioning, is to eliminate
contaminants such as particles and water. This
Hydraulic systems on Yale lift trucks are designed to is usually accomplished using a filter caddy or
provide many years of trouble free service. However, by diverting system flow through an external
there may be times when the system's internal fluid-conditioning tool.
environment, in which the hydraulic components work, • The objective of Flushing the System is to
has been altered by some contaminant or eliminate sludge, varnish, debris and
contaminants that are not detected in time and the contaminated or degraded fluid from the
system's own filtration mechanism is unable to handle. reservoir, conductor walls, other component
Preventative maintenance programs that include internal surfaces and system dead spots.
scheduled oil analysis can detect these system The technique or combination of techniques selected
changes. will depend on the type of system and its size, your
The second series of events occur when the reliability objectives for the equipment and the reason
technician, not aware of the micro-world on which the for the flush.
hydraulic system is so dependent, limits corrective
actions to replacing the most affected component and Double Oil and Filter Change
oil from the reservoir. This leaves behind millions of
destructive particles lodged in lines, valves, coolers
and crevices. The results are premature failure of the CAUTION
main component and even greater levels of There is risk of secondary failures in steering
contamination. control units and control valves if residual
contaminants are not removed from the system.
PROGRESSION OF CONTAMINANT
NOTE: This procedure should only be used for lightly
CAUSED HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FAILURE
contaminated systems or degraded fluid and not for
High contaminant particle counts tend to erode soft systems that have experienced major component
metals and increase wear on all moving parts. Also, failures.
chemical reactions between additives and water or
NOTE: The installation of large volumes of new oil
incompatible oils cause etching. Etching reduces
and disposal of the contaminated oil can be costly. If
pump efficiency and increases internal leaks, which
the oil is not degraded, this is a waste of oil since it is
causes high temperatures. High temperatures reduce
contaminated but not degraded. The filter caddy can
oil additive life and destroy further ability of the
be used to "condition the fluid" by removing the
lubricant to separate parts in motion.
particles and water.
Metallic particles act as catalysts that contribute to
This technique involves an initial oil drain and filter
rapid oxidation of the lubricant. The destructive pattern
change, which removes a large percentage of
has begun and total failure of the most active
contaminants and degraded fluid. The system is then
components is probable.
filled with pre-filtered oil and the fluid circulated at low
After the failure of a major component (pump or pressure until operating temperature is reached, each
cylinder) millions of metallic particles, as well as fibers hydraulic function has been operated three full cycles,
and contaminated oil, settle in every corner of the and the fluid has been turned over at least five times.
hydraulic system. Replacing the oil from the
The oil is drained, system refilled with filtered oil and
reservoir accomplishes only one-third of the
the filters changed a second time. After the fluid has
process required to restore the system.
been circulated, each circuit operated three full cycles,
and the system warmed to operating temperature, an

2
1900 YRM 1620 Proper Flushing after Major Hydraulic Repairs

appropriate oil sample should be taken to determine

the success of the flush.

Mechanical Cleaning
The use of mechanical cleaning after a major pump or
cylinder failure must be incorporated in the flushing
strategy. This involves the use of a pneumatic
projectile gun and sponge projectiles to clean tubes Figure 1. Sponge Projectile Tool
and hoses. It also involves disassembly of other
components for cleaning using brushes and clean FILTER CADDY
solvents. It is essential that the reservoir is
mechanically cleaned to remove residual Flushing the system is the total cleaning of the
contamination particles. hydraulic system, which means actually removing all
the oil, components, and cleaning or repairing them as
Mechanical cleaning is labor intensive, but is the most required. Hoses and tubes are cleaned as described in
effective method for restoring the system to reliable the previous section. It is essential that the reservoir is
operation after major mechanical failure. mechanically cleaned to remove residual
contamination particles. The reservoir suction screen
Cleaning of Components and breather must be replaced.
The question of how to deal with system components Hydraulic cylinders must be cleaned and filled with
arises when considering a hydraulic system flush. clean oil to eliminate as much air as possible.
Plumbing should be cleaned in isolation from pumps, Elimination of air avoids micro-dieseling. Micro-
valves and actuators. These can be cleaned while still dieseling is combustion just like a diesel engine and
installed in the equipment as discussed in the following occurs when hydraulic oil is compressed at high
sections. The decision to disassemble and pressure in the presence of air or air bubbles. Micro-
mechanically clean components will depend on the dieseling can burn the oil (turns oil blackish) and
type of equipment, your reliability objectives and the damage hoses and cylinders internally. Cylinders
reason for the flush. Once the conductors and should not be extended to the end-stops or system
components have been cleaned and clean oil is relief pressure until the air in the system has been
installed, valves and actuators can be gradually flushed.
included in the flushing circuit as the process Once the hydraulic system has been overhauled and
proceeds. all components cleaned and installed, the hydraulic
reservoir needs to be refilled with filtered oil. The filter
HOW TO CLEAN TUBES AND HOSES caddy (Figure 2 or Figure 3) is then used to clean the
The use of sponge projectiles is very effective in reservoir oil until a predetermined level of oil
cleaning tubes and hoses. The hoses and tubes can cleanliness is achieved. This operation is not possible
be cleaned while installed in the truck after a major without a filter caddy. The caddy insures that the
component failure. The sponge projectiles clean hoses reservoir and reservoir oil are clean before the pump is
and tubes regardless of their length and angles. The turned.
sponge projectiles are shot with compressed air and Next, the pump needs to be bled or the case filled with
travel at high speed, pushing residual oil and filtered oil. Only then can the hydraulic system be put
contaminants out. The hoses and tubes can be into operation. The most critical part of the start-up
cleaned to levels unattainable by conventional procedure is when the hydraulic pump is turned for the
methods. See Figure 1. Without the sponge projectile, first time.
the hose could not have been cleaned. This tool can
Filter caddies are not capable of removing all
minimize replacement costs of additional components
contaminants from the hydraulic system. As previously
caused by secondary contamination failures.
explained, hidden particles in the most secluded areas
of the hydraulic system make it impossible for any filter
caddy to reach into all areas of complex hydraulic
systems. However, a filter caddy is an essential tool
once the system has been completely disassembled,
cleaned and assembled.

3
Proper Flushing after Major Hydraulic Repairs 1900 YRM 1620

By activating the hydraulic pump to start pumping oil

slowly through the main valve the remaining particles
still in crevices, valves and fluid conductors are
brought back to the reservoir and the return filter. Once
the cleanliness is assured, the rest of the operating
components on the hydraulic system are progressively
actuated with loops eliminated. Progressively actuate
each circuit, starting with the auxiliary circuit, tilt circuit,
lift circuit, and lastly the steering circuit. To flush the
individual cylinder circuits, they must be operated stop-
to-stop for at least five stroke cycles without load.

CONTAMINATED OIL COOLERS

In the case of major component failures, the metal
chips and debris collected in oil coolers make it
impossible to clean them to a safe level. The cooler
must be replaced. In contaminated units where a
Figure 2. Portable Filter Caddy massive failure has NOT OCCURRED, the oil coolers
can be flushed, assuring a safe cleanliness level. The
filter caddy would be ideal for this fluid conditioning
task.

ADDITIONAL FILTER CADDY FUNCTIONS

Filter caddying as described in the previous section,
takes part in the final step of recuperating a hydraulic
system after a major component failure. Filter caddies
are useful for additional service procedures:
• Transferring and pre-filling new oil from storage
when filling hydraulic reservoir.
• Conditioning the hydraulic fluid (cleaning the
fluid already in the system).
• Certain hydraulic system contaminations
make it impractical to clean and one needs
to determine the benefits of using a caddy
filter. For example, to clean oil that is
heavily contaminated (to the level of ISO
Figure 3. Hand Held Filter Caddy 24/23/20) makes no sense if the condition
of the additive package is already
START-UP PROCEDURE FOR CLEANED degraded. Therefore, before conditioning
SYSTEM fluid, check condition of the additive
package through oil analysis.
When the reservoir fluid in a hydraulic system has
been cleaned to the target cleanliness level, the HOW TO HANDLE DIFFERENT FLUIDS
hydraulic system is ready for start-up. Initially, the
Special care is needed when handling different types
system is operated at low speed and relief valves are
of oil. Mixing oils of a different nature, such as
adjusted to the lowest possible pressure (see the
hydraulic oil and tractor hydraulic fluids, is not
individual truck service procedures for specifics of
recommended.
adjusting relief valves). In addition, individual circuits
are looped to isolate cylinders and sensitive valves The additive concentrations and types are different.
during initial system start-up. Due to the length of the Tractor fluids have EP additives that are not fully
auxiliary lines, the A and B port auxiliary hoses should compatible with AW additives from hydraulic oils.
be looped at the carriage end to insure the full length Mixing oils brings changes of viscosity and the
gets flushed. possible loss of oil film strength. Oil additives tend to

4
1900 YRM 1620 Fluid Conditioning and System Flushing Procedures

fight over polar surfaces, increasing production of soft removal units, but their primary function is to remove
metals. free water. Most oils have some level of water content,
especially those containing calcium additives.
When using a filter caddy with different oils, it is a
Monitoring water content and having a water removal
recommended practice to have different sets of
filter permanently installed is a recommended practice.
hydraulic filters for use with different oil types. The
This keeps water content in the range considered
filter caddy operator should switch to a different filter
acceptable.
set matched to the oil type being filtered. Store the
alternate filters in properly identified plastic bags that
protect them from contamination.

WATER REMOVAL FILTERS

Some water removal filters are made of water
absorbent material. They can also act as particle

Fluid Conditioning and System Flushing Procedures

OPERATION OF THE FILTER CADDY
CAUTION
Never start or run a dry pump. Allowing the pump
WARNING to run without fluid flowing through it will greatly
Read the safety messages in the operating manual reduce pump life. During fluid transfer operation it
of the filter caddy. Follow these warnings and is critical that the pump inlet stay submerged in
instructions carefully. Review them frequently. Be fluid. Failure to do so will cause galling, seizing or
sure all operators of the filter caddy understand destructive wear between the rotors, end plates
every safety message. Replace safety labels and casting.
immediately if missing or damaged.

The filter caddy is designed to remove particulate

contamination in fluid powered systems. The filter CAUTION
caddy is an oil filtering system that captures The maximum operating temperature for the filter
contaminant particles using a high performance caddy is 65°C (150°F). Higher operating
filter(s). The filter caddy can also be equipped with an temperatures could lead to hose damage.
optional water removal filter that can be used in place
of one of the standard filters to remove free water. The
filter caddy can also be used to transfer fluid from an CAUTION
oil drum to the truck reservoir, or to condition the fluid The 1½ HP electric motor draws 12.6/6.3 amps at
(clean up fluid) already in the truck reservoir as part of 115/230 volts, 60 Hz at full load. Starting current is
a preventive maintenance program. approximately 88/44 amps at 115/230 volts, 60 Hz.
A proper circuit breaker should be installed to
Filter Caddy operation protect the motor and meet national and local
electric codes. Recommended size for an
extension cable is 12-3 conductor with a maximum
WARNING length of 25 feet.
The Mobile Filtration System is designed for the
transfer and filtering of hydraulic and lubrication NOTE: Minimal repair service is generally required on
oils only. It is not to be used for highly volatile filter caddies. It is recommended that any failed parts
fluids such as gasoline or paint thinners. Failure to be replaced with new parts. See the unit manual for
follow this warning could lead to death or serious parts list.
injury.
NOTE: Below are summarized instructions for
operating the filter caddy. See the filter caddy
operating manual for full details.

5
Fluid Conditioning and System Flushing Procedures 1900 YRM 1620

NOTE: All safety procedures associated with the 2. Position the filter wands inside the reservoir per
operation of electrical powered equipment must be the following guideline:
observed. The best situation occurs when the reservoir
•
1. On a new unit, prime the suction hose to insure has a large but short opening. That way the
the pump does not run dry. Pumps that are wands can be crossed and separated to create
allowed to run dry will not be covered by warranty. turbulence throughout the reservoir and filter the
fluid faster. When the reservoir opening is
2. Place the suction hose into the fluid to be filtered smaller and has a long or narrow opening, the
wands have to be offset at different heights. See
or transferred. Place the discharge hose into the
Figure 4. In this orientation, the flow and
machinery reservoir or waste container cleaning speed will be lower than the widely
depending on desired operation. Ensure that the separated tubes.
wands are secured to avoid possible fluid loss.

3. Ensure selector switch is in OFF position. Check

that the power source being utilized complies with
the requirements of the filtration cart motor before
actual hook-up. To energize the unit, connect to
appropriate electrical outlet.

4. Switch on the Mobile Filtration System's motor.

Visually check that the fluid is actually being
pumped through the filter unit and out of the outlet
hose.

FLUID CONDITIONING PROCEDURE

Fluid Conditioning is used to eliminate contaminants
such as particles and water as part of a preventive A. CROSSED CONFIGURATION
maintenance program. Fluid conditioning can be B. OFFSET CONFIGURATION
accomplished using a filter caddy. It is usually done in
response to a Fluid Analysis Report that shows higher Figure 4. Filter Station Wand Configuration
than normal contaminant particle counts or high water
content and can be done as long as the additives have Filter Caddy Start-Up
not degraded. If the water content is high, install a After set up is complete, the filter caddy is now ready
water removal filter on the filter caddy. If the additives for start-up and cleaning of the reservoir fluid.
have degraded, the system fluid needs to be drained
and replaced with new fluid. Fluid conditioning does 1. Run the reservoir cleaning process for the time
not address significant contamination that results from outlined in Table 2. Different filter machines have
major component failures that have spread different flow rates, requiring different run times to
contamination throughout the system. See System achieve the required cleanliness. If not utilizing
Flushing Procedure below if there has been a major one of the listed filter units, see the operating
component failure. manual for the flow rate and filter Beta rating of
your filter caddy to determine if the run time
NOTE: Wand positioning is an important part of needs to be adjusted upward. Reduced flow
maximizing the cleaning speed of the filter caddy. In rates, lower filter Beta ratings, and fewer filters in
order to ensure the proper cleaning of the reservoir series require longer flushing times.
fluid, position the ends of both the inlet and the outlet
hose or tube as far apart as possible inside the 2. After the run time has been completed, install the
reservoir. filter element bowl, a new filter element, and filter
1. Remove the filter housing cap, filter element, and housing cap.
element bowl to allow full access to the reservoir
interior. 3. The system is now ready to start.

6
1900 YRM 1620 Fluid Conditioning and System Flushing Procedures

4. Operate the individual hydraulic functions until the Reservoir Cleaning Procedure
system is up to operating temperature
(50°C (120°F)). 1. Ensure absolute cleanliness in all work
procedures.
5. Take an oil sample from designated test port and
send off for analysis. 2. Clean the top of the filter housing, cap, and
surrounding reservoir surface to avoid adding any
6. Return lift truck to service. additional contaminant to the hydraulic reservoir.

7. Review oil analysis report to insure fluid has been NOTE: It is an acceptable alternative to perform
sufficiently cleaned. Repeat conditioning Step 5 prior to Step 3.
sequence if required. 3. Remove the filter housing cap, filter element, and
element bowl to allow full access to the reservoir
SYSTEM FLUSHING PROCEDURE interior.
System flushing is used to eliminate sludge, varnish,
debris, contaminated or degraded fluid from conductor
walls and other internal surfaces, and system dead CAUTION
spots after a major component failure. The use of Dispose of fluids in accordance with local
mechanical cleaning after a major component failure environmental regulations.
(pump or cylinder), must be incorporated in the
flushing strategy. This involves the use of a pneumatic 4. Utilize the filter caddy to pump fluid from the
gun and sponge projectiles to clean tubes and hoses. reservoir to a storage container for disposal.
It also involves disassembly of other components for
5. Drain and remove all residual oil from reservoir.
cleaning using brushes and clean solvents.
Mechanical cleaning is labor intensive but is the most 6. Remove and discard the suction strainer.
effective method for restoring the system to reliable
operation in cases of major component failure. 7. Remove and discard the reservoir breather.
Reservoirs, hoses, tubes and cylinders must be
cleaned prior to filling the system with oil and 8. Clean the reservoir to ensure it is free of metallic
flushing the system. debris and other containments.
Before proceeding with the component cleaning 9. Clean all accumulated metallic particles from the
procedure, drain all fluid from the system and then magnetic plug and reinstall.
proceed to clean the components as outlined below.
Failure to do so may result in damage to the pump(s) 10. Install new reservoir breather.
or other components on start-up. On large systems
where it may be cost prohibitive to change the fluid, 11. Install new suction strainer.
the fluid can be removed from the reservoir and
pumped into a clean storage container with the filter 12. Cover the reservoir openings until ready to
caddy. It can then be filtered to the target ISO perform flushing operation.
cleanliness, then returned after the reservoir cleaning
is complete (this assumes the fluid is not already Cylinder Cleaning Procedure
degraded).
1. Ensure absolute cleanliness in all work
procedures.
Component Cleaning Procedure
NOTE: The following steps outline the basic 2. Before loosening fittings and components, clean
procedures for cleaning a heavily contaminated the external surfaces using industrial, residue free
system after a major component failure. The technique wipes.
or combination of techniques employed will depend on
size and type of system, your reliability objectives for 3. Cover all connecting hose and cylinder openings
the equipment and the reason for the flush. immediately with protective caps in order to
prevent dirt and debris from penetrating the
system.

7
Fluid Conditioning and System Flushing Procedures 1900 YRM 1620

4. Disassemble the cylinder and wash all parts with Dirty, moisture laden air will add contamination to the
filtered petroleum based solvent to remove hoses and tubes.
contamination particles. Pay particular attention to
Consult the Ultra Clean Owner’s manual for detailed
cleaning seal grooves, and gland nut and port
recommendations for the required air pressure and
threads. See the Cylinder Repair manual for
supply line size.
your specific lift truck.
1. Closely inspect hoses and replace any that are
5. Install new seal kits. See the Cylinder Repair
suspect.
manual for your specific lift truck.
2. Disconnect each end of the hose and tube
6. Fill the cylinder with filtered hydraulic fluid. This
assembly to be cleaned.
displaces the air and reduces the risk of air
compression inside the cylinder that can cause 3. Place one end of the hose/tube assembly into the
dieseling during initial pressurization at start-up. catcher bucket.
Dieseling will result in damage to the cylinder and
seals. 4. Install the appropriate sized nozzle on the
launcher and place the sponge projectile into the
7. Plug all ports and reinstall in the truck. See the launcher.
Cylinder Repair manual for your specific lift
truck. 5. Place the projectile launcher at the opposite end
of the hose/tube assembly.
Hose and Tube Cleaning Procedure
6. Launch the sponge projectile through the hose/
tube assembly.
WARNING
Compressed air can move particles so that they 7. The first projectile will remove the residual oil
cause injury to the user or to other personnel. from the hose/tube assembly.
Make sure that the path of the compressed air is
away from all personnel. Wear protective goggles 8. Launch additional sponge projectiles through the
or a face shield to prevent injury to the eyes. hose/tube assembly until all oil and contaminants
are removed and the projectiles come out clean.
Generally, four to six projectiles should be
CAUTION enough. Wipe off the nozzle each time to
eliminate potential contaminants.
Disposal of contaminated sponge projectiles must
meet local environmental regulations.
9. Check the catcher bucket each time to ensure
NOTE: A sponge projectile launcher cannot be use to that the projectile has been discharged into the
clean pump suction line hoses with spring wire inserts. bucket and has not been trapped inside the hose/
These suction lines must be removed and flushed with tube.
clean solvent.
10. Prior to launching the final projectile and
A handheld sponge projectile launcher can be used to reconnecting the hose/tube assembly, wipe off
quickly and efficiently remove contaminated oil and each end of the assembly to remove any
contamination particles from hoses and tubes without accumulated oil or visible contaminants.
removing them from the lift truck. The required air
supply for the projectile launcher consists of the Valve Cleaning Procedure
following:
NOTE: This procedure is a general outline. The exact
• 5.5 to 7.5 bar (80 to 110 psi) procedure will depend on the valves in the system.
• 1/2" ID air hose to ensure 55 SCFM (1.6 m3/ More complex systems will require more valves to be
min) air flow cleaned.
• A 5 micron filter, pressure regulator, and 1. Ensure absolute cleanliness in all work
pressure gage procedures.

8
1900 YRM 1620 Fluid Conditioning and System Flushing Procedures

NOTE: Make note of position and setting of valve Next, the pump needs to be bled or the case filled with
prior to disassembly to help in resetting after flushing filtered oil. Only then can the hydraulic system be put
is complete. into operation. The most critical part of the start-up
procedure is when the hydraulic pump is turned for the
2. Primary Relief Valve: Disassemble the relief
first time.
valve assembly, clean all parts, reassemble, and
leave setting at low pressure for initial flushing
NOTE: Wand positioning is an important part of
operation.
maximizing the cleaning speed of the filter caddy. In
order to ensure proper cleaning of the reservoir fluid,
3. Unloader and Spool Valve (if applicable) :
position the ends of both the inlet and the outlet hose
Remove and clean all parts. Some assemblies
or tube as far apart as possible.
may not contain these components.
1. Loop the steering, auxiliary, and tilt circuits to
NOTE: Make note of position and setting of valve exclude the cylinders during the initial flushing
prior to disassembly to help in resetting after flushing operation. This will allow the fluid to flow through
is complete. continuously to clear the air from the system and
4. Secondary Relief Valve: Disassemble the relief keep from recontaminating the cylinders just
valve assembly, clean all parts, reassemble, and cleaned. See Figure 5.
leave setting at low pressure for initial flushing • Steering lines should be looped at the steer axle
operation. end.
• Tilt lines should be looped at tilt cylinder end.
5. Steering Priority Spool: Remove, clean all
parts, ensure all orifices are clean and reinstall. • Auxiliary lines should be looped at the carriage
end.
6. Remove the screened fittings from the L (left) and
R (right) steering control unit ports and flush to
remove any accumulated contamination particles.

Front-End Attachment Cleaning

Procedure
NOTE: The cleaning procedure below should also be
utilized when transferring a previously used
attachment to a new truck with a clean hydraulic
system to prevent contaminating the new system. NOTE: THIS IMAGE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT
THE LOOPING PROCEDURE WILL LOOK LIKE.
1. Ensure absolute cleanliness in all work
Figure 5. Hydraulic Hose Looping
procedures.
2. Clean the top of the filter housing, cap, and
2. Flush cylinders and refill with filtered oil.
surrounding reservoir surface to avoid adding any
3. Clean hoses and tubes. additional contaminants to the hydraulic reservoir.

3. Remove the filter housing cap, filter element, and

System Flushing Procedure
element basket to allow full access to the
Once the hydraulic system has been overhauled and reservoir.
all components cleaned and installed, the hydraulic
reservoir needs to be refilled with filtered oil. The filter 4. Fill the reservoir with filtered oil using the filter
caddy is then used to clean the reservoir oil until a caddy or a barrel pump to transfer oil from the
predetermined level of oil cleanliness is achieved. This storage barrel.
operation is not possible without a filter caddy. The
caddy insures that the reservoir and reservoir oil are 5. Position the filter station wands inside the
clean before the pump is turned. reservoir per the following guideline:

9
Fluid Conditioning and System Flushing Procedures 1900 YRM 1620

• The best situation occurs when the reservoir 3. On units fitted with variable displacement pumps
has a large but short opening. That way the with an external case drain line, fill the pump case
wands can be crossed and separated to create with filtered hydraulic fluid through the highest
turbulence throughout the reservoir and filter the case drain port and reconnect the case drain line.
fluid faster. When the reservoir opening is Failure to do so will result in damage to the pump
smaller and has a long or narrow opening, the
through inadequate lubrication at start-up.
wands have to be offset at different heights, see
Figure 6. In this orientation, the flow and
cleaning speed will be slower than the widely 4. Confirm the reservoir is above the minimum level.
separated tubes.
5. Ensure all hydraulic controls are in neutral so
there is no load on the system.

6. Start the system and run unloaded at lowest

possible speed.
• On lift trucks equipped with a fixed displacement
system, allow the system to run unloaded for 10
minutes to flush any remaining particles still in
the main valve circuit back to the filter. Inspect
for leaks and check reservoir level.

NOTE: Perform Step 7 on lift trucks equipped with a

variable displacement pump (VDP).
7. Bleed the LS (load sensing) pilot line by carefully
loosening the pilot line fitting at the pump to allow
A. CROSSED CONFIGURATION trapped air to escape.
B. OFFSET CONFIGURATION • On lift trucks equipped with a VDP, the pump
will not flow unless there is a demand from the
Figure 6. Filter Station Wand Configuration control levers. Fully actuate and hold the last
auxiliary lever (third or fourth lever). Allow the
Filter Caddy Start-Up system to run unloaded for ten minutes to flush
any remaining particles still in the main valve
After setup is complete, the filter caddy is now ready circuit back to the filter. Inspect for leaks and
for start-up and cleaning of the reservoir fluid. check reservoir level.
• Run the reservoir cleaning process for the time
outlined in Table 2. Different filter machines 8. With the circuits still looped (cylinders not
have different flow rates, requiring different run connected), progressively operate each hydraulic
times to achieve the required cleanliness. function in the following order to flush out any
remaining particles and majority of the air in each
System Start-Up and Flushing circuit. First at low speed (low pressure), then at
Once components are clean and the fluid in the high speed (high flow).
reservoir has been flushed clean the system is ready • Auxiliary 3- Set auxiliary speed at ten for highest
to start. flow rate on EH valves.
• Auxiliary 4- Set auxiliary speed at ten for highest
1. Install the filter element bowl, a new filter element, flow rate on EH valves.
and filter housing cap. • Tilt
2. On pumps with a flooded inlet (pump inlet is • Lift
below the reservoir fluid level) carefully loosen the • Steering
intake line to allow the trapped air to escape. This
ensures that the line is full of fluid so the pump 9. Shut off system, remove circuit loops and connect
will have immediate lubrication. cylinders.

10
1900 YRM 1620 Fluid Conditioning and System Flushing Procedures

10. With the cylinders now connected, operate the 16. After fifty hours of operation, take an oil sample
individual hydraulic functions in the same from the designated test port and send off for
sequence as above for at least five complete analysis to verify the system is operating at the
stroke cycles each until all air is expelled and all target cleanliness level.
actuators operate smoothly. Stroke cylinders
slowly taking care not to develop high pressure at Reservoir Fluid Cleaning Times
the end of stroke which can cause dieseling.
Cleaning times can be affected by various factors. The
11. With system at operating temperature, reasons for this include:
50°C (120°F), check and adjust all relief valve • The filter caddy is cavitating.
settings to specification and set the auxiliary • The return wand is not submerged in fluid and is
speed setting to match auxiliary requirements. generating air bubbles.
See the Capacities and Specifications Manual
• The filter tower has not been purged.
for your lift truck model.
• Too much fluid turbulence in reservoir.
12. Functionally test all circuits under load. • The oil is too cold.
• The oil is heavily contaminated with water and
13. Check reservoir fluid level, fill to correct level with
particles.
filtered fluid.
The following table has been developed to provide an
14. Take an oil sample from the designated test port estimate of the cleaning times required with the filter
and send off for analysis. caddy.

15. Return lift truck to service.

Table 2. Reservoir Flushing Times

Reservoir Flushing Time - Minutes
Hydraulic Reservoir OF7 Hand Held Filter OFCD Portable Filter Target ISO Cleanliness
Capacity Caddy Caddy
15 liter/min (4 gal/min) 53 liter/min (14 gal/min)
Flow Capacity Flow Capacity
(See Figure 2) (See Figure 3)
Less than 42 liter (11 gal) 40 10 @ Start-Up after reservoir
42 to 80 liter 80 20 flush = ISO 18/15/12
(11 to 21 gal) @ Stabilization at 50
operating hours = ISO
20/17/14 10

NOTE: See Hydraulic Cleanliness Service Gram for Cleaning Procedure After Switching
further information on the filter caddies. Fluids (Cross Contamination Flushing)
1. Prepare an empty waste oil container (five gallon
DEALING WITH DIFFERENT FLUID TYPES bucket), as well as a top-off container (five gallon
container) for fluid removed from the hydraulic
system.
WARNING
The filter caddy is designed for the transfer and 2. Insert suction wand into reservoir and place
filtering of hydraulic and lubrication oils only! It is return wand into the waste container.
not to be used for highly volatile fluids such as
gasoline or paint thinners. Failure to follow this
warning may lead to death or serious injury.

11
Hydraulic Oil Sampling Method and Procedure 1900 YRM 1620

3. Replace existing particle filter with those of the No maintenance operations should be carried out
fluid in the machine (if the filter caddy has while the unit is running. Before starting any other
HCE-102 Tractor Hydraulic Oil filters and machine maintenance operations, ensure that the system is
uses HCE-140 Hydraulic Oil, then install filters shut down and disconnected from the electrical power
used with HCE-140 oil). source. System pressure can be contained in the unit
for some time after it has been disconnected.
4. Run the filter caddy until the waste container is
filled with about four gallons of fluid. Servicing the Strainer
5. Remove return wand from waste container, wipe Under normal operating conditions, the strainer should
it clean, and insert into reservoir. be removed from the line, cleaned and re-installed
after every one hundred hours of operation. The
6. Position wands in the correct orientation and strainer should be cleaned more often however, if the
begin reservoir filtration until desired cleanliness fluid is heavily contaminated.
level has been achieved.
DC Motor
7. Cycle machine hydraulic functions.
The motor should be inspected at regular intervals
(every five hundred hours of operation or every three
8. Resume reservoir filtration.
months, whichever occurs first). Keep the motor clean
and the ventilation openings clear.
Filter Caddy Maintenance
See the filter caddy Operating Manual for detailed
instructions.

Hydraulic Oil Sampling Method and Procedure

HYDRAULIC OIL SAMPLING METHOD
Objective WARNING
When operating the lift truck with the hood open,
Document a structured oil sampling method for be aware of the hazard from the fan, pulleys and
taking fluid samples from field vehicles. belts. Failure to recognize these moving
Maximize Data Density in the sample. components could lead to serious injury.
Determine level of wear particles.
Understand status of additive deletion.
WARNING
Determine cleanliness and dryness of fluid.
At operating temperature, the hydraulic oil is HOT.
Establish physical and chemical properties of DO NOT permit the hot oil to touch the skin and
oil, contamination, and mechanical wear. Oil life cause a burn.
and service intervals are determined by
degradation due to oxidation and additive Due to the extreme sensitivity to external
depletion.
contamination of an oil sample, the utmost care and
diligence must be exercised while performing oil
General Guidelines sampling. The measured cleanliness of a hydraulic
fluid sample depends on how and where (in the
hydraulic system) the sample is extracted. Follow the
WARNING
procedure carefully and consistently each time a
The lift truck must be put on blocks for some types
sample is taken.
of maintenance and repair.
The surface must be solid, even, and level when 1. Refer to Hydraulic Cleanliness Service Gram for
the lift truck is put on blocks. Make sure any kits specifically designated for Hydraulic Oil
blocks used to support the lift truck are solid, one- Analysis.
piece units.

12
1900 YRM 1620 Hydraulic Oil Sampling Method and Procedure

2. Use the same analysis laboratory for all similar 8. Document all hydraulic component failures or
fluid samples in order to maintain consistent hydraulic system service performed that might
results for each sample program. There are have introduced contamination or new oil into the
differences in results from laboratory to system since the last oil sample was taken.
laboratory, no matter how reputable.
Synopsis
3. Consistent use of the same laboratory will provide
a historical record of sample results. Trending of 1. Analysis Reports
these results provides the ability to identify Spectrographic analysis
significant changes in oil condition. - is used to finely measure parts per million by
weight (PPM) of various elements contained in
4. Analysis Reports should include the following sampled oil. The process measures the
information: concentration of wear metals, contaminant
Spectrographic analysis - Wear Metals metals and additive metals in a lubricant.
•
• It can identify the concentration of
• Viscosity
individual metal or alloy of a particle. Its
• FT-IR spectroscopy - Additive condition, size limit is about 8 microns or smaller, so it
oxidation, TAN, fluid mixing is blind to the larger particles that can often
• Particle counts per ISO 4406-1999 signal pending failure.
• Water Content (% or PPM (parts per million)) • Spectrographic limits are an instrument
limitation. The size limitation depends on
the particle types and instrumentation
5. Follow the described method for sampling in all
used.
cases to avoid contamination of the sample.
• Spectrographic Analysis and Particle Count
6. Minimize Data Variability. Analysis form an efficient partnership in
identifying the concentration of small and
• Consistent sampling process produces uniform, large particles in the oil and the total fluid
consistent, and representative information. contamination level.
• DO NOT allow contaminant to enter the sample Viscosity
from outside the oil.
- is the most important physical property of oil.
• Use the same location for each sample. Not all Viscosity determination provides a specific
sample locations will produce the same data. number to compare to the recommended oil in
service. An abnormal viscosity (± 15%) is
7. The recommended frequency for hydraulic fluid usually indicative of a problem. Standard ISO
samples is: VG 46 hydraulic oil should have a viscosity
Every 500 hours and just prior to all oil and filter between 41 and 51.
•
changes. Once the effects of the operating Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer
conditions have on the oil are understood, it - Measures the chemical composition of a
may be possible to extend the sampling lubrcant.
frequency.
• Every compound has a unique infrared
• High operating temperatures and severe signature. Using a FT-IR Spectrometer, the
operating conditions shorten the life of oil. For key signature points in a spectrum of a
machines operating in severe duty applications specific lubricant are monitored. These
with high hydraulic oil temperatures or operating signatures are usually common
in highly contaminated environments, we contaminants and degradation by-products
recommend taking oil samples every 500 hours. unique for a particular lubricant.
• Within one operational hour of major system
service, then at 100 hours, and every 500 hours
thereafter.
• Significant changes in the system fluid condition
reported by the analysis will dictate a repeat
sample to validate results prior to taking
corrective actions.

13
Hydraulic Oil Sampling Method and Procedure 1900 YRM 1620

• Molecular analysis of hydraulic fluids by on the nature and extent of their use, their
FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct exposure to adverse operating conditions, their
information on molecular species on age, how often the oil was changed, etc. Unless a
interest, including additives, fluid sharp increase in an important element is
breakdown products and external detected, it is inadvisable to rely on a single test.
contamination. The infrared spectrum of
Repeated sampling on a regular schedule is
used oil is compared to a baseline
spectrum of new oil. Levels of oxidation, required to establish trending which will enable
nitration and sulfate by-products are the technician to identify significant changes in
reported along with soot, water and glycol. the system.
Particle Counts
3. It is important to know the target fluid cleanliness
- Measures the size and quantity of particles in level specified for the system. Unless otherwise
a lubricant. Use whenever Yale provides stated, Yale hydraulic systems have a target
recommended lubricant cleanliness levels and
cleanliness of ISO 20/17/14. See the Periodic
for any system where oil cleanliness is directly
related to longer lubricant life, decreased Maintenance Manual for your specific lift truck.
equipment wear or improved equipment
performance. 4. Although the 3 code ISO system is used for all
manufacturing cleanliness requirements, for
• The analysis report will show the actual hydraulic oil samples taken in the field, only the
number of particles by size category and
by the ISO code per ISO 4406-1999. The last two ISO particle counts need to be monitored.
ISO code reports 3 particle size categories: As an example, 20/17/14 is stated as simply --/
≥ 4 microns / ≥ 6 microns / ≥ 14 microns 17/14. Unless otherwise stated in the Periodic
Maintenance Manual, target oil cleanliness
• Use whenever Yale provides
recommended lubricant cleanliness levels levels for field oil samples are ISO --/15/12 for
and for any system where oil cleanliness is initial fill oil, and ISO --/17/14 for oil in service.
directly related to longer lubricant life, As previously stated, the Particle Count test is
decreased equipment wear or improved used in partnership with the Spectrographic
equipment performance. Analysis to monitor the total contamination levels
Water Content in the oil. Trending the concentration of small and
- The Karl Fischer Test quantifies the amount of large particles indicates the severity of system
water in lubricant. wear.
• Results are reported as % water or PPM
(1% = 10,000 PPM). Hydraulic Oil Analysis Report Guidelines
• Water seriously damages the lubricating Unless otherwise stated in the Periodic Maintenance
properties of oil and promotes component Manual for your specific lift truck, see Table 3 for the
corrosion, Increased water concentrations hydraulic oil cleanliness guidelines and Table 4 for the
indicate possible condensation, coolant
water content guidelines.
leaks, or leaks around the seals.

2. All equipment or components of equipment

requiring oil will vary in performance and wear
rates from one application to another, depending

14
1900 YRM 1620 Hydraulic Oil Sampling Method and Procedure

Table 3. Hydraulic Oil Cleanliness Guidelines

Target Cleanliness for Maximum Particle
Oil Type Initial Fill Oil
Hydraulic Oil in Service Counts for Oil in Service
HCE-140, HCE-141, ISO --/15/12 ISO --/17/14 ISO --/18/15
1614025
HCE-102 ISO --/15/12 ISO --/17/14 ISO --/18/15

Table 4. Hydraulic Oil Water Content Guidelines

Water Content Status Recommended Action
≤ 0.05% (≤ 500 PPM) Normal None Required
> 0.05% to < 0.1% (>500 to <1000
Alert Use filter caddy to remove water.
PPM)
Use filter caddy to remove water or
≥ 0.1% (≥ 1000 PPM) Immediate Action Required replace fluid. Determine and
eliminate source of water ingression.

Sampling Conditions Sampling port conversion kits for other units

without factory installed sample ports may be
1. All samples should be taken with the system at available from the NMHG Parts Distribution
normal operating temperature; the hydraulic fluid Center.
at 50°C (120°F) or greater. Operate all hydraulic Oil sampling directly from the reservoir with a
functions repeatedly just prior to taking a sample. sampling pump is an alternative but results may
be unreliable due to oil flow stratification and
2. The system must be running when taking a inconsistent probe location.
sample.
2. Utilize hydraulic sampling valve kit available from
3. Thoroughly flush sampling valves and sampling NMHG Parts Distribution Center. It includes a
devices. connection line, fitting and a valve to open and
close flow through the quick disconnect fittings.
4. Maintain sample bottles in a clean environment.
3. Utilize hydraulic oil analysis kits available from
5. Sample at proper frequency. NMHG Parts Distribution Center.

6. Record operating hours on machine and oil SAMPLING PROCEDURE

hours.
Hydraulic Oil Sampling
7. Record oil brand and type.

8. Send samples immediately to laboratory. CAUTION

Wear safety glasses when collecting oil samples.
Equipment
NOTE: Refer to Hydraulic Cleanliness Service Gram
for complete information regarding available Hydraulic
Cleanliness Service Kits.
1. A factory installed zero-leak quick-disconnect
fitting (Yale P/N 580041208) is installed on the
control valve of 1-8 ton capacity products at the
recommended sampling location.

15
Hydraulic Oil Sampling Method and Procedure 1900 YRM 1620

1. Operate lift truck long enough to bring oil up to collect 50 to 100 ml (2 to 4 oz) of oil. Close the
operating temperature and evenly distribute valve and immediately seal the sample container.
contaminants throughout the system. Operate all Leave some head space in the bottle to facilitate
hydraulic functions for a minimum of three cycles. agitation at the analysis laboratory.
Run the system at elevated speeds and steer lock
to lock, lift to full height and lower fully, tilt full Sample Labeling
forward and full back, and cycle any attachment
Sample labels should include the following minimum
for at least one minute each. Assure oil
information:
temperature in sump has reached at least
50°C (120°F) prior to initiating the following • Date and time of sample
procedure. • System sampled, e.g. hydraulic system
ICE Truck - run the engine at high idle speed. • Equipment reference, e.g. truck serial number
Electric Truck - run the pump motor at high lift • Operating hours on machine and hours on oil
speed.
• Fluid manufacturer and type (example - Mobile
2. To avoid contaminating the sample: DTE 25)

Clean your hands or wear clean nitrile gloves. Results Documentation

Leave sample container closed until just before
you are ready to take sample. 1. Send samples immediately for analysis.
When cap is off bottle, hold bottle in your hand 2. Send samples to the same laboratory for analysis
with opening facing down, and do not set the to maintain consistent results for trending
cap or open bottle down on a workbench, truck
comparison.
surface, or in your pocket.
Do not touch sample bottle with sampling line. 3. Laboratory analysis reports should be retained in
Try to sample in an enclosed area - doors the Analysis Laboratories on-line database and
closed to reduce drafts that may carry vehicle service log for future reference.
contaminants. Do not take a sample in an area
where someone is grinding, cutting, sweeping,
or creating dust of any kind.
Return fluid back into the system by running it
into dipstick tube. Do not run fluid into a waste
pan when flushing the sample tube.

NOTE: Due to the design of manual control valve on

some trucks, the sample port flow at idle can be quite
low. It may be necessary to elevate engine speeds in
order to obtain a steady stream of oil. On these units,
run the engine at the minimum speed that provides a
steady oil stream from the test port.
3. When taking oil sample:
ICE Truck
- run engine at idle.
Electric Truck
- run pump motor at tilt speed.
open the valve and flush the sampling line by
following oil back into the sump through the
dipstick tube for at least one minute.

4. To take the sample; open the sample bottle, hold

the nozzle over the sample bottle without
touching the nozzle on the sample bottle and

16
1900 YRM 1620 3/20 (11/19)(12/17)(9/15)(3/15)(6/15)