Problem-Based Learning
Problem-Based Learning
1. Classic PBL:
- The original PBL model developed at McMaster University’s medical school
- Students work in small groups to tackle complex, ill-structured problems
- Emphasis is on self-directed learning and acquiring knowledge to solve the problem
2. Case-Based PBL:
- Uses real-world case studies or scenarios as the basis for learning
- Cases often have multiple possible solutions or approaches
- Students analyze the case, identify learning needs, and develop solutions
3. Project-Based PBL:
- Students work on an extended project to address a complex, open-ended problem
- Projects often integrate multiple disciplines and result in a final product
- Emphasis is on teamwork, research, and applying knowledge
4. Hybrid PBL:
- Combines elements of PBL with more traditional instructional methods
- May include lectures, labs, or other activities in addition to PBL
- Aims to provide more structure and support for students
5. Anchored Instruction:
- Uses a realistic, narrative “anchor” to provide context for the problem
- Anchor can be a video, story, or simulation
- Students work collaboratively to investigate and solve the problem
6. Problem-Oriented PBL:
- Starts with a specific problem that drives the learning process
- Students identify the knowledge and skills needed to address the problem
- Curriculum is organized around solving the central problem
These different PBL approaches share common elements, such as collaborative work, self-
directed learning, and real-world applications. The specific implementation can vary depending
on the educational setting, subject matter, and learning objectives.
Benefits of PBL
- Develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills
- Promotes active, student-centered learning
- Encourages collaboration and teamwork
- Integrates knowledge from multiple disciplines
- Increases student engagement and motivation
- Develops self-directed learning skills
Overall, problem-based learning is a powerful instructional approach that fosters deeper learning,
critical thinking, and problem-solving skills in students. While it requires more time and effort,
the benefits can be significant for both students and instructors.