Module Guide
Module Guide
Economics
Research Methodology
BRM401
Ms Z. Sikhunyana
1
Table of Contents
1
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................3
1.1. Welcome........................................................................................................3
1.2. Purpose of the module...................................................................................3
1.3. Educational approach....................................................................................3
1.4. Responsibilities of the student.......................................................................3
2.ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION......................................................................4
2.1Contact details..................................................................................................4
3.MODULE INFORMATION......................................................................................7
3.1Module Description and Purpose:..................................................................7
3.2The students are expected to/ Assumed Knowledge and Skills:.................7
3.3 Credit Map and Notional Hours......................................................................7
3.4 Articulation with other modules in the programme...................................10
3.5 Module Outcomes......................................................................................... 10
3.6 Module structure/Content:............................................................................11
COVERAGE................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. PROFESSIONAL BODY REQUIREMENTS.....................................................12
5.TEACHING & LEARNING DETAILS.................................................................12
5.1 Overview of Learning Activities...................................................................12
5.2 Learning Activities Timetable.......................................................................13
6.LEARNING RESOURCES.................................................................................13
6.1.Prescribed Textbook........................................................................................14
7.ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES............................................................................17
7.1 Assessment plan/ Matrix..............................................................................17
7.2 Assessment Policy........................................................................................19
10. SUPPORT SERVICES & RESOURCES.........................................................20
10.1 The Library...................................................................................................20
10.2 Special Needs.............................................................................................21
10.3 Emthonjeni - Fountain of Student Wellness.............................................21
11.GLOSSARY OF INSTRUCTION WORDS.......................................................24
2
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Welcome
The American Economic Association (1991, cited in Ethridge, 2004) argues that
“students need more training in the relevance and application of the tools”. As such, this
course is intended to help you conduct research in Economics. To this end, you will be
required to examine the nature of the research process, identify viable research topics,
critique relevant published research and learn how to structure good arguments in order
to turn in a research proposal that will form the basis of your Research Essay.
The purpose of Research Methodology is to introduce students to, and familiarise them
with, the research process, different types of research, research methods, data collection
and analysis as well as data presentation and report writing in the field of Economics
As a student in this module, we expect you to come to lectures fully prepared and ready to
contribute to class discussions. There are several learning activities and resources that are
placed on Moodle, please ensure that it is active.
To get the most benefit from this module you will need to come to class prepared-
read ahead, read various material that is provided via Moodle Site, read textbook,
follow current affairs such as Budget Speech, Monetary Policy Statement.
Class attendance for this module is compulsory, and you must attend with your
allocated group- do not attend in another group.
To communicate timeously and to provide supporting information where applicable.
Assignments must be submitted on time. Submission dates are clearly stipulated.
Submit leave of absence accompanied by appropriate supporting documentation
within prescribed timeframes.
Honour the University values
3
Please refer to General Prospectus 2024 and Faculty Prospectus 2024 for general
rules and regulations.
2.ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
You need to set up your Mandela University email address. All communication other than in
class and this module guide will be through your Mandela University email address as well
as on Moodle Site (see later in this guide what is Moodle site and how to access the site). If
you do not use that address, you will not receive notifications for this module.
2.1Contact details
Building
Telephone
Responsibility Name and room Email address
number
number
Module
coordinator_ Classroom
Ms. Zintle Block, (0)41 504
[email protected]
Second Sikhunyana office 132, 1541
Avenue first floor
Campus
Ms
Academic Sikhosana 065 823 [email protected]
advisor Thandeka 2607
Florence
Emails are answered as soon as possible. The Department of Economics requests you to
please observe etiquette in all communication, giving respect to lecturers, fellow students,
administrative staff, and the wider university community. A reasonable time frame (after the
first two weeks of lectures have concluded) for an answer would be ONE to TWO working
days during term-time or THREE to FIVE days during recess (assuming your lecturer is not
on leave). If you email on a Friday afternoon or over the weekend, please wait until at least
Tuesday afternoon before reaching out again. Always include your module code (BRM401),
and name of programme (Research Methodology) in all correspondences.
You have an opportunity to meet on one-on-one with your lecturer, soon after the lecturer or
by appointment. Consultation hours are times when you can meet with your lecturer to
discuss the material being presented in class or other related interests you have. Course-
related discussions include asking for extra help, seeking clarification of material presented
in class and following up on aspects of the class you find compelling. Lecturers often expect
students to “drive” these meetings with their questions and their thoughts. A good way to
prepare for consultation hours is to attempt your homework and review your notes from class
and identify as clearly as you can what you do not understand. Students cannot expect the
lecturer to explain the work if they did not attend the scheduled classes.
4
Lecturer Day Consultation Times
Ms. Zintle Make appointment via email
Sikhunyana
Academic Advisor
Name: Ms Thandeka Florence Sikhosana
Ms Sikhosana will put you into contact with resources, such as workshops and tutorials, that
are designed to help you reach your educational and / or career goals. She is also able to
offer advice regarding procedures and policies to follow should you wish to make academic
changes.
As far as possible, try to set an appointment in advance with the academic advisor.
While you are welcome to send the academic advisor an email during her
consultation hours, there is no guarantee that she will be able to see you.
Be on time for your appointment (via Microsoft Teams) and remember to cancel if
you cannot make it.
Come prepared by thinking about questions/concerns you would like to discuss and
complete any questionnaires the academic advisor may ask you to complete in
preparation for the session.
Take responsibility for making your own educational plans and decisions, and for
completing tasks that may be set out after the advising session.
Monitor your own progress and ask for help when you need it.
Advisor Responsibilities:
5
• To help students define and develop realistic educational plans.
• Connect students to useful resources and other advisors to advance their
educational plan.
• Provide accurate information to help students navigate the university system.
• To monitor and track student progress.
The Department of Economics would like to encourage you to regularly visit the Academic
Advisor’s Moodle site https://learn.mandela.ac.za/course/view.php?id=7607 The site has
resources that may assist you should you have queries related to:
• Academic literacy
• Faculty administration documents
• Financial aid
• General information
• Goal setting
• Multilingualism
• Orientation
• Study skills or
• Time management.
Class Representative
Acting as a representative can be a rewarding activity: taking an active interest in course and
curriculum design and teaching and study methods can help improve one’s understanding of
Economics as well as help develop a variety of skills, such as communication, leadership,
and negotiation skills.
Note:
• Class representatives are chosen during the first week of lectures. The names
and email addresses of class representatives will be posted on the Moodle site.
• All students are encouraged to channel ideas and suggestions for the module
through their class representatives.
3.MODULE INFORMATION
3.1Module Description and Purpose:
The purpose of Research Methodology is to introduce students to, and familiarise them with,
the research process, different types of research, research methods, data collection
and analysis as well as data presentation and report writing in the field of Economics
6
Apply the scientific method of research appropriately according to set criteria
Define and explain different research procedures pertaining to qualitative and
quantitative research in the field of Economics
Identify and describe different stages in the research process
Conduct a literature survey initiated by a specific research problem and/or
hypothesis, broken down into specific research questions and objectives.
Identify and describe the difference between research problem, hypothesis,
research questions and objectives
Prepare and present a coherent research proposal on which to base a written
research essay.
The lecturer on this module believes that Education should be student centred. According to
Brown (2008), basically says that “student-centred instruction is when the planning,
teaching, and assessment revolve around the needs and abilities of the students”.
Irrespective of differences in developmental levels, students in this module are exposed to
the same content in the same period and as an educator it is my role is to accelerate growth
by using the interests and unique needs of you students as a guide for meaningful
instruction. Becky (1999) further elaborates that “students develop analytic skills that can be
applied to other problems and situations, rather than accept their teachers’ explanation”.
This method gives you students the chance to use your abilities and experiences to solve
problems and find new ways of learning. The main purpose of Economics modules is thus to
enable students to apply the economic way of thinking. To develop this set of skills the
following process will have to be followed:
A team approach.
7
Lectures help to guide your thought process, clarify common misunderstandings, clarify
concepts, suggest different interpretations, and stimulate your thinking to build a critical
interest in the subject. It should, however, be noted that lectures are not intended to provide
you with all the information you need, or to summarise the textbook. PowerPoint slides act
as pointers to the study material, they do not contain the study material. It has also been
found that lectures are most effective when you are alert and mentally active. To enhance
your learning take good notes: this involves following your lecture with a critical eye and
asking yourself questions, not just mindlessly copying down what the lecturer says.
Reading /studying the assigned reading before a lecture also contributes to the success of a
session. We also believe that student participation is vital. Feel free to ask questions at any
time during the class, taking into consideration time constraints.
Private study
According to the current course structure it is advisable that you allocate at least 30
minutes of your private study time to preparing for your next Research Methodology
lecture. This preparation could include checking the course outline to see what topic will be
dealt with in the upcoming lecture and to then complete the relevant reading assignment.
Furthermore, it would be advisable to review the notes that you had made during the
previous lecture. You are further advised to spend at least 1½ hours after each lecture
reviewing your lecture notes.
Cooperative studying
Learning can be enhanced by sharing ideas and views with other students, both in the
classroom and outside it. For instance, a good way to understand a topic better is to explain
it in as clear a way as possible. This can help reveal any gaps in your knowledge and
understanding of the topic. Furthermore, by exchanging ideas with students who have
heterogeneous backgrounds, qualifications, and future aspirations, you can see things from
a variety of perspectives, allowing you to develop a broader, more detailed understanding of
the subject. Teamwork skills are also developed through cooperative studying. Such skills
are highly valued by employers.
We thus encourage you to:
• try to find a classmate who can assist you if you are having problems
understanding a problem or reading material, and provide help to others if you
are able; and
• ask and answer questions in the classroom if you need any clarity in any concept,
you might not be sure of.
8
3.4 Articulation with other modules in the programme
PRE- REQUISITE MODULES:
There are no pre-requisite modules for BRM401 but you are required to pass BRM401 for
you to graduate.
PROGRESSION:
Enquire on Progression, please make sure you contact your respective faculty officers.
please refer to the table above and contact your respective faculty officers.
The scientific method (Ethridge: Chapter 3 and Chapter 4; Quinlan: pp. 80 – 82;
Tichapondwa: Chapter 5)
Different types of research (Ethridge: Chapter 2 and Chapter 9)
The research process and its stages (Ethridge: Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9; Quinlan:
Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9)
Data gathering methods and procedures (Ethridge: Chapter 9; Quinlan: Chapters 12,
14, 15 and 16)
Sampling and fieldwork (Quinlan: Chapters 10 and 12; Tichapondwa: Chapter 6)
Statistics, data analysis and interpretation (Quinlan: Chapters 17, 18 and 19,
Tichapondwa: Chapter 7)
Ethical issues (NMMU notes; Quinlan: Chapter 3; Tichapondwa: Chapter 3)
Data presentation and report writing (Ethridge: Chapter 10, Quinlan: Chapter 20)
The research proposal (Quinlan: Chapter 11)
9
Teaching/Presentation Plan
BRM401 COURSE PROGRAM
Week Coverage Learning objectives
beginning (After studying the particular chapter, you should be
on _ & able to:)
ending on
_
Lecture 1 General Introduction
Students to read through Ethridge: Discuss why there is a need to study research
12-15 Chapters 1 and 2. Discuss what research is as well as what it is not
February Distinguish between basic research and applied
Certain sections of Chapters 1 and 2 in research.
Quinlan will also be discussed Describe the steps involved in the research process
Discuss the four framework approaches
Discuss the reasons to study methodology
Distinguish between methods and methodology (very
briefly at this stage)
Distinguish between research methodology and
economic research methodology
Lecture 2 The literature review Discuss what is literature review
Discuss the purpose of literature review
19-23 Feb Discuss how literature review is linked to other steps of
Students to read through Chapter 7
the research proposal
before class
Discuss suggestions on how to structure or write
literature review
Certain sections of Chapter 6 in Quinlan Discuss how to do referencing
will also be discussed
Lecture 3 Planning the research Discuss the elements of the research proposal
Describe how the elements of the research proposal are
25 Feb- 01 Students to read through Ethridge: linked
March Chapters 5 and 6 before class Discuss the difference between a research decision and
Certain sections of Chapters 2 and 11 in action problem
Quinlan will also be discussed Discuss how to identify the research problem
Discuss how to develop introduction and background,
problem statement, and objectives
List and apply the five guidelines that may be used to
develop effective problem statements
Discuss how to use data in developing a problem
statement.
10
Understand the links between research, theory and
knowledge
Lecture 5 Methodology
Ethridge: Chapter 9 (Methods and procedures)
11- 15 Discuss the importance of methods and procedures
March Students to read through Discuss the different data gathering methods
chapter 9 before class
Quinlan: Chapter 7 (Quantitative research: an
introduction to measurement)
• Understand quantitative research
• Be able to define and explain quantitative research
Students to read through Chapters 7 and • Know how and when to use quantitative research
8 before class
Quinlan: Chapter 8 (Qualitative research: an
introduction)
Relevant pages from Chapters 17, 18 • Understand qualitative research
and 19 will also be highlighted • Be able to define and explain qualitative research
• Know how and when to use qualitative research
Lecture 6 Methodology Quinlan: Chapter 10 (Understanding populations
18- 23 and sampling)
March • Define a research population
• Select a sample from a population
• Describe the process of identifying a target population
Students to read through Chapters 10 and selecting a sampling frame
before class and Students to read Identify the types of probability and non-probability
through chapter 12 sampling and summarise their advantages and
disadvantages
11
April a survey
• Identify sources of error in survey research
Students to read through • Design questionnaires for different research projects
chapter 15 and 16 before class -Discuss and explain the issues of validity and reliability in
relation to questionnaire design
17 May Final date and time for handing in your final copy of the research proposal to your lecturer:
2024 hard copy and online submission
submission: Moodle under turn it in account)
Note:
The course programme is subject to change.
12
Lecture time Weekdays
Monday Tuesday Thursday Friday
10:25- 11:35
411_1_0103
11:45- 12:55 Online session
15:45- 16:55 411_1_0103
17:05- 18:15 Online session
6.LEARNING RESOURCES
6.1. Prescribed Textbook
Quinlan, C., Babin, B., Carr, J., Griffin, M. & Zikmund, W.G. 2015. Business research
methods. 1st edition. UK: Cengage.
Geel, F.C. & Gray, B.A. 2010. Scientific assignment and report writing. 2nd revised edition.
Port Elizabeth: Lectern Publishing.
Tichapondwa, S.M. (Ed). 2013. Preparing your dissertation at a distance: A research guide.
Vancouver: VUSSC. [Online]. Available:
http://www.sadc.int/files/3713/7821/2867/Dissertation_PDF.pdf [Accessed 10 December
2014].
You must visit this site regularly. It is a learning management system (LMS) where lecturer
materials like Slides/PowerPoint; videos, quizzes, Tutorials, Course Outline are accessible
through ought the year. To access the site, follow these steps:
Step 1
On the Nelson Mandela University’s Student Portal please click on “iLearn / Moodle”.
13
Step 2
Log in with your Nelson Mandela University username (student number) and password.
Please note that your student username is prefixed with an “s”.
This will take you to the list of Faculties and departments. Click on the Business and
Economic icon.
Step 3
14
After clicking on the Business and Economic icon you will be taken to a webpage that
displays several module categories. Click on the Department of Economics and
Step 4
After clicking on the Department of Economics and Economic History option, the modules
which have Moodle sites are displayed. Click on BRM401: Research Methodology
15
This will take you to a page that will ask for an enrolment key.
Your enrolment key for this module is Research2024 (Enrolment keys are case sensitive
so make sure you type it in exactly as specified)
Click Enrol me. You will only have to enrol once. By enrolling for the course, you are
registering to be part of the site. Next time you go to the BRM401 site you will be able to
enter directly without enrolment.
7.ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES
Semester one
The class mark contributes 40% towards final mark & the class mark consist of: the
tutorial tests and the semester tests
Must add up to
Final mark= 40% (class mark) + 60% (from examination)
100
NB: PLEASE NOTE THE TWO OF THE BEST MARKS FROM YOUR TUTORIAL TEST WILL
CONTRIBUTE TOWRDS YOUR FINAL MARK.
16
Students are encouraged to attend all lectures, as per the timetable. A student cannot
expect the lecturer to explain the work if he / she did not attend the scheduled classes.
Furthermore, students must adhere to the specified lecture times indicated on their
timetable, as late-comers distract the attention of fellow students and the instructor.
Tutorials
Tutorial sessions will be conducted online with experienced and trained senior students. The
session links will be shared. It is compulsory for you to attend these sessions. Tutorial
sessions will commence in the second week of lectures.
Each week’s tutorial session helps you to develop your understanding of the topic covered in
the lectures and provides you with additional practice in understanding and solving economic
problems. These sessions are designed to prepare you for the tests and examinations; thus,
you should make every effort to understand the material covered in each tutorial. Students
may be required to write both announced and unannounced short tests in your tutorials.
The tutors are there to guide learning and not to tell student answers, you are encouraged to
pre read before attending each tutorial session.
Please note that the lecturer will only assist students who miss a tutorial if the
student provides satisfactory evidence of having attempted the tutorial questions.
The semester tests will be written online on weekdays, on a specified date and time. The
test dates and time are provided below in the lecture schedule table. No test scripts will be
made available as they are multiple choice questions, true or false, but comments will be
given on your performance. No results will be made available to any student whose name
does not appear on the class list. Students are therefore urged to sort out all registration
problems with the Faculty Administrators as soon as possible.
You will not be allowed to attempt the test before the test cycle has been opened, nor will
you be allowed to attempt the test after the test cycle has been closed on the system. From
17
the moment you access a Tutorial and semester test you have 30 minutes to complete
the Tutorial test and 1 hour to complete the semester test (the semester tests will be
written in the assessment venues and the tutorials will be written anytime during
lecture times). Below, please finds information about the dates on which the tutorial and
semester tests will open and close, as well as the work that each semester test will assess:
Tutorial Tests
Semester Test
NB: Once you click on “start the quiz” you will not be given another opportunity for
that specific test. Therefore, ensure that you prepare adequately before attempting the
test.
In the case of illness, a medical certificate must be submitted. The medical certificate
must clearly indicate the nature of the illness and confirm that you were, according to
the clinical opinion of a medical practitioner, unfit to sit for the test on the day of the
18
test in question. (See https://www.mandela.ac.za/getmedia/f333ec98-5667-4094-
9a76-e052d9758eb3/General-Prospectus?disposition=attachment Rule G1.11.3.2).
In the case of death in the family, a certified copy of the death certificate must be
submitted (see https://www.mandela.ac.za/getmedia/f333ec98-5667-4094-9a76-
e052d9758eb3/General-Prospectus?disposition=attachment Rule G1.11.4). In terms
of the University’s Policy “family” includes the following persons: a student’s spouse
or life partner or a student’s parents, brother, sister, adopted parents, grandparent,
child, adopted child, grandchild, or his / her legal spouse’s parents (see
https://www.mandela.ac.za/getmedia/f333ec98-5667-4094-9a76-e052d9758eb3/
General-Prospectus?disposition=attachment Rule G1.1.30).
If you will be taking part in any recognised sport, cultural or other student activity at
provincial level or higher on the date of an assessment you must provide suitable
documentary evidence (e.g., a letter from their coach / manager) to the course co-
ordinator (see https://www.mandela.ac.za/getmedia/f333ec98-5667-4094-9a76-
e052d9758eb3/General-Prospectus?disposition=attachment Rules G1.11.5 –
G1.11.7).
If the application is on religious grounds or due to cultural practices or observances,
a letter from the relevant ordained religious leader or designated authority in charge
must be provided to the course co-ordinator.
If you miss a semester test without a valid reason you will be assigned a mark of zero.
You have THREE WORKING DAYS after the release of the respective semester test
marks to verify that your marks have been entered correctly. Any errors must be
brought to the lecturer attention within that period.
Tutorial assignments and tests
If you are absent from a tutorial assignment and tutorial test you will need to provide a
medical certificate, or other suitable evidence (see above) to explain your absence. Note:
there is no supplementary tutorial assignments as two assignments been scheduled, but
only the best mark will be used to calculate the tutorial assignment mark that will appear on
the ITS system.
Students who miss a tutorial assignment will be assigned a mark of zero (0).
A student has THREE WORKING DAYS after the release of the tutorial assignment
marks to verify that their marks have been entered correctly. Any errors must be
brought to the lecturer attention within that period of time.
19
10. SUPPORT SERVICES & RESOURCES
To ensure that you have all the support you need to successfully complete this course, we
have made the resources listed below available to you.
The Faculty Librarian is Mr Mzoxolo Tame who will be able to assist you with numerous
areas linked to sourcing information.
Contact Details:
Office Number: 412 (Library Block): 0007 Office Second Avenue Campus
Email Address: [email protected]
If you were granted any form of concession when completing an assessment in 2022, and
may require a similar concession in 2024, please register your special needs with the
university’s Universal Accessibility and Disability Services (UADS) by clicking the
following link: https://disability.mandela.ac.za/. The Department of Economics also
encourages students who have not applied for concessions, but who may qualify for such
concession to discuss their situation with UADS or our Academic Advisor (Mr Konke Mbuli)
20
Contact Details:
Honesty
The Department of Economics places a very high premium on the absolute honesty of every
student. The Department thus expects all students registered for an Economics module to
pledge to adhere to the principles of academic integrity that are outlined in the University’s
https://www.mandela.ac.za/getmedia/f333ec98-5667-4094-9a76-e052d9758eb3/General-
Prospectus?disposition=attachment. Furthermore, the Department expects all students
registered for an Economics module to pledge not to engage in theft, dishonesty, cheating,
copying assessments, downloading work from the Internet, and claiming it as theirs,
plagiarising, producing fraudulent medical certificates or tampering with marked
assessments.
Accessing study sites such as Chegg, Course Hero or Quizlet during assessments is also
forbidden. Please note that the Department reserves the right to monitor the sites that you
access and to submit your work through Turnitin, a plagiarism detection service. Failure to
abide by the principles of academic integrity outlined above will result in the Department
referring you to the University’s Disciplinary Committee.
Faculty Administrators
Should you experience any problems with your registration, or should you wish to add /
cancel modules you should contact your Faculty Administrator, (Second Avenue) Mr Xolani
Sipoyo as soon as possible (preferably via email) at [email protected]
and (George Campus) Ms Nonkululeko Nokhepheyi (preferably via email) at
[email protected] both the officers contact details appear below.
Please note that it is essential that you refer all queries to Mr Sipoyo and Ms
21
Nokhepheyi. Sending it to a different faculty administrator or to the manager’s email
address can result in lengthy delays. Furthermore, please remember to include your
student number and your qualification code in all correspondence. Faculty
Administrators are usually available for consultation between 10:00 – 12:30 and 14:00 –
15:30 daily.
Building
Telephone
Name and room Email address
number
number
Bld 301,
Ms Mopani
(0)44 801 [email protected]
Nonkululeko Building
5566
Nokhepheyi (George
Campus)
Room 019,
auditorium
Mr. Xolani (0)41 504 [email protected]
(Second
Sipoyo 3804
avenue
campus)
22
11.GLOSSARY OF INSTRUCTION WORDS
ANALYSE HLAHLELA ONTLEED
Make an analysis of detailed Yenza uhlahlelo lwenkcukacha yoviwo Doen ‘n ontleding van gedetailleerde
examination ondersoek
Yahlula ibe ngamaqhekeza uze utolike
Separate into parts and interpret Breek op in verskillende dele en
interpreteer
COMMENT YENZA LEWER KOMMENTAAR
Be a difference between Yahlula phakathi kwe Daar moet ‘n verskil wees tussen maak
Distinguish between die verskille duidelik
Develop differences Yahlula phakathi kwe Ontwikkel verskille
Khulisa umahluko
DISCUSS XOXA BESPREEK
Look at closely in order to learn about Jongisisa ukuze ufunde nge:- okanye Kyk krities daarna om iets daaruit te
or from kwi – leer of om dit beter te verstaan
Question formally
Buza ngokolandelo-migaqo
EXPLAIN CHAZA VERDUIDELIK
23
Make clear. Cacisa Maak duidelik
Show the meaning of Bonisa intsingiselo ye – Maak die betekenis duidelik
Account for Chaza nge Gee rekenskap van
IDENTIFY CHONGA IDENTIFISEER
Recognise as being specified person or Yivume okanye yibone njengondoqo/ Erken dat dit ‘n bepaalde persoon of
thing. uqobo lomntu okanye into ding is
Consider to be identical. Yiqwalasele njengento efanayo Sien dit as identies
Associate oneself closely in feeling or Zinxulumanise ngokusondeleyo
interest ngemvo okanye umdla Assosieer daarmee mbt eie gevoelens
of belangstelling
ILLUSTRATE ZEKELISA ILLUSTREER
Make clear by examples or pictures Cacisa ngemizekelo okanye Maak duidelik dmv voorbeelde of
imifanekiso prente ens.
INTERPRET TOLIKA INTERPRETEER
Explain the meaning of Chaza intsingiselo ye: - Verduidelik die betwekenis daarvan
Tree op as interpreteerder
Act as an interpreter Yenza ngokungathi uyitoliki
JUSTIFY THETHELELA REGVERDIGING
Show to be right or just or reasonable Bonisa ukulunga okanye ukufaneleka Bewys dat dit reg of regverdig of redelik
okanye ukuvakala is
Bewys dat daar genoeg rede daarvoor
is
LIST YENZA ULUHLU LYS / NOEM
Written, printed series, items, figures Olubhaliweyo, olushicelelweyo Geskrewe of gedrukte reeks van name,
etc. lwamagama, izinto amanani njalonjalo items, figure ens.
MENTION CHAPHAZELA NOEM
Speak or write about briefly Thetha okanyelubhale ngokufutshane Praat of skryf kortliks
Refer to by name nge:-
Yibize nge gama (singisa kuyo Verwys daarna by naam
ngegama)
OUTLINE GQABAZA OPSOM/ OMLYN
Allow or cause to be seen Vuma okanye wenze ukuba ubonwe Help die leser om die prente te sien
Offer for inspection or viewing Nikela ukuba uhlolwe okanye wenziwe Bewys
imbono Help die leser om te verstaan
Qondakalisa Bied dit op so 'n wyse aand dat die
Yalatha-gca leser dit kan besigtig
Ngqina
Yenza ukuba kuqondwe
Nika umfanekiso we:-
STATE XELA NOEM
(to make a) statement Ukwenza inkcazo unike qmanqaku Maak ‘n stelling en gee die hoofpunt
24
giving the main points of something Aphambili ngomba kortliks, gee net die hoofpunt geen
brief Ngokufutshane detail of formaliteite nie.
give main points only Nika amanqaku aphambili kuphela
without attention to details or formalities Ngaphande kwengqalelo
Kwinkcukacha okanye ulandelo migaqo
25