Design of Structures Course Code: 4360601

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (GTU)

Competency-focused Outcome-based Green Curriculum-2021 (COGC-2021)
Semester-VI
Course Title: Design of Structures
(Course Code: 4360601)

Diploma programme in which this course is offered Semester in which offered

Civil Engineering Sixth Semester

1. RATIONALE
After learning Mechanics of rigid bodies in 2nd semester and Mechanics of deformable bodies
in 3rd semester, this subject "Design of Structures" introduced in 6th semester, as it deals with
the design and analysis of R.C.C. and Steel structures, is the backbone of Civil Engineering
Course. The design of prime members like Slabs, Beams, Columns and Footing in R.C.C. and In
Steel structures some Introductory topics like design of connections and calculations of
various loads on Roof Truss are intended to incorporate in this subject of design of structures.

2. COMPETENCY
The purpose of this course is to help the student to attain the following industry identified
competency through various teaching learning experiences:
Analyze and Design important structural members of R.C.C. and primary
knowledge of bolted and welded connections for Steel structures and various loads
for steel structures.

3. COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

The practical exercises, the underpinning knowledge and the relevant soft skills associated
with the identified competency are to be developed in the student for the achievement of
the following COs:
a. Analyze and Design singly reinforced rectangular beam for flexure and shear.
b. Design One way and Two way slabs for simply supported conditions.
c. Design axially loaded short column and pad footing.
d. Design Bolted and Welded Connections for steel structures.
e. Determine Dead Load, Live Load and Wind Load on Roof Truss

4. TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME

Teaching Scheme Total Credits Examination Scheme
(In Hours) (L+T+P/2)
Theory Marks Practical Marks Total
L T P C CA ESE CA ESE Marks
3 0 4 5 30* 70 25 25 150
(*):Out of 30 marks under the theory CA, 10 marks are for assessment of the micro-project to
facilitate integration of COs and the remaining 20 marks is the average of 2 tests to be taken

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Design of Structures Course Code: 4360601

during the semester for the assessing the attainment of the cognitive domain UOs required for
the attainment of the COs.
Legends: L-Lecture; T – Tutorial/Teacher Guided Theory Practice; P -Practical; C – Credit, CA -
Continuous Assessment; ESE -End Semester Examination.
Note: Subject related Indian Standard Codes (1) IS:456-2000 (2) IS:800-2007 (3) IS: 8751987
(Part- I,II,III) (4) SP-16 Design Aid to IS-456 (5) SP-6 Handbook for Steel Structures will be
allowed during Examinations.
5. SUGGESTED ASSIGNMENTS/ EXERCISES :
The following practical outcomes (PrOs) are the subcomponents of the COs. Some of the PrOs
marked ‘*’ are compulsory, as they are crucial for that particular CO at the ‘Precision Level’ of
Dave’s Taxonomy related to ‘Psychomotor Domain’.

Approx.
Sr. Unit
Practical Outcomes (PrOs) Hrs.
No. No.
Required
1 Interpret IS Code provisions for Limit state R.C.C. Design from IS:456- I 02 *
2000 and SP-16
2 Analyse Singly Reinforced Beams for Moment of Resistance from given II 04*
data (2-Problems).
3 Design of singly reinforced beams for flexure and shear and apply II,III 04 *
necessary checks from given data (1-Problem).
4 Design of One way simply supported slabs and apply necessary checks IV 04*
from given data (1-Problem).
5 Draw sketches (not to scale) showing reinforcement details of singly II,III,IV 02*
and doubly reinforced beams and one way simply supported slab in
longitudinal and cross sectional view.
6 Draw structural details of the designed beam , simply support a one II,III,IV 04*
way slab in A2 size drawing sheet with scale. (Sheet-1)
7 Design of Two way simply supported slabs and apply necessary checks IV 04*
from given data. (Corners not held down condition only)-
(1-Problem)
8 Analyse and design axially loaded short square column and design pad V 06*
footing of same column from given data.
9 Draw sketches (not to scale) showing reinforcement details of axially IV,V 02*
loaded short rectangular, Circular columns and isolated pad and
slope footing in plan and sectional view in longitudinal and cross
sectional view.
10 Draw structural details of the designed two way slab, column and IV,V 04*
footing in A2 size drawing sheet with scale. (Sheet-2)

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Design of Structures Course Code: 4360601

11 Interpret IS Code provisions for Limit state Steel Design from IS:800- VI 02 *
2007 and SP-6
12 Draw sketches (not to scale) showing details for standard rolled steel VI,VII 02*
sections, built up sections, Beam to Beam and Beam to Column
connections (Bolted and Welded).
13 Design a bolted connection for the given data of steel section as per VII 04*
IS: 800-2007.
Approx.
Sr. Unit
Practical Outcomes (PrOs) Hrs.
No. No.
Required
14 Design a welded connection for the given data of steel section as per VII 04*
IS: 800-2007.
15 Interpret IS provision for dead load, live load and wind load for steel VIII 02*
roof truss from IS 875-1987 (Part- I to III)
16 Draw sketches (not to scale) for types of roof trusses, components VIII 02*
of roof truss and important four joints like ridge joint, eave joint,
bottom middle joint and intermediate joint.
17 Calculate dead load, live load and wind load for the given data of VIII 04*
steel roof truss with graphical method (sheet-3) and prepare a force
table.
Total hours 56 Hrs.
Note
i. More Practical Exercises can be designed and offered by the respective course teacher to
develop the industry relevant skills/outcomes to match the COs. The above table is only a
suggestive list.
ii. The following are some sample ‘Process’ and ‘Product’ related skills(more may be
added/deleted depending on the course) that occur in the above listed Practical Exercises
of this course required which are embedded in the COs and ultimately the competency.

Sr. No. Sample Performance Indicators for the PrOs Weightage in %

1 Interpretation of given data and its understanding. 10
2 Selection of sketches/Process of designing of the given 30
structural components using relevant I.S.codes and
preparing of report of site visit..
3 Presentation of sketches in sketchbook, neatness and 30
cleanliness of sheets and writing reports.
4 Individual work, work as a team-member 10
5 Completion and submission of work in time. 20
Total 100

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Design of Structures Course Code: 4360601

6. MAJOR EQUIPMENT/ INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED

This major equipment with broad specifications for the PrOs is a guide to procure them by the
administrators to usher in uniformity of practicals in all institutions across the state.

Sr.
Drawing tools and other design aids (for all PrOs)
No.
1 Drawing boards and drawing instruments.
2 Scientific calculator and all relevant IS codes.
3 Computers and Printers.

4 Available CAD software( Not mandatory)

7. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OUTCOMES

The following sample Affective Domain Outcomes (ADOs) are embedded in many of the
above mentioned COs and PrOs. More could be added to fulfill the development of this
competency.
a) Work as a leader/a team member.
b) Follow safety practices while using equipment.
c) Realize the importance of green energy. (Environment related)

The ADOs are best developed through the laboratory/field based exercises. Moreover, the level
of achievement of the ADOs according to Krathwohl’s ‘Affective Domain Taxonomy’ should
gradually increase as planned below:

i. ‘Valuing Level’ in 1st year ii.

‘Organization Level’ in 2nd year.
iii. ‘Characterization Level’ in 3rd year.
8. UNDERPINNING THEORY
The major underpinning theory is given below based on the higher level UOs of Revised Bloom’s
taxonomy that are formulated for development of the COs and competency. If required, more
such higher level UOs could be included by the course teacher to focus on attainment of COs
and competency.
Unit Unit Outcomes (UOs) Topics and Sub-topics
(4 to 6 UOs at different levels)

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Design of Structures Course Code: 4360601

Unit – I 1a. Identify components and their

Fundamentals of characteristics for RCC 1.1 Reinforced Cement Concrete, necessity
of steel in concrete, normal location of
R.C.C. Design structures.
steel in beams, slabs, column & footing.
1b. Use limit states conditions for 1.2 Limit State, Limit State of
analysis and design of RCC CollapseFlexure, Shear, Compression,
structures. Torsion, Limit State of Serviceability-
1c. Use IS Code provisions for deflection and Cracking.
General Design Consideration. 1.3 Characteristic Strength of concrete and
steel, partial safety factor of concrete
and steel and partial safety factors for
loads.
1.4 Nominal Cover, Effective depth,
Effective span.

Unit – II 2a. Differentiate types of RC 2.1. Types of beam: Singly reinforced beam,
Singly beams. Doubly reinforced beam, Tbeam, L-
Reinforced 2b. Calculate moment of beam. Difference among various beams.
Beam resistance for given type of 2.2. Stress-strain diagram for singly RC
section. section. Under reinforced, over
2c. Design a singly RC beam reinforced and balanced section.
section for given condition. 2.3. Analysis of Singly RC beam:
2d. Apply check for deflection Determination of lever arm, total
2e. Draw reinforcement detailing tension, total compression, percentage
for the designed beam section area of reinforcement and Moment of
as per IS provision. resistance. Numerical based on this.

2.4. Design and detailing of Singly RC beam:

Determination size of section, area and
number of reinforcement bars.
Combination of different diameters of
reinforcement bars. Check for spacing
and cover. Numerical based on this with
checking design for deflection.
3a. Identify the pattern of shear 3.1 Shear: Definition of shear, IS code
failure in beams and slabs. specifications, single legged and two
Unit– III 3b. Design shear reinforcement in legged shear reinforcement.
beams as per given 3.2 Vertical stirrups, Incline stirrups, benefit
Shear and Conditions. of bent up of main tension
Development 3c. Calculate development length reinforcement. Spacing of stirrups.
as per given conditions. Numerical based on this.
Length
3d. Check for development length 3.3 Effect of shear in slabs. IS code
in R.C.C. Design provision.
3.4 Development Length: Definition of
development length, IS provision for
determination of development length for
tension and compression zone.
Numerical based on this.

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4a. Suggest types of slab for given 4.1 Slab: Types of slabs. One way simply
Unit– IV Slabs support conditions. supported slab. Two way slab and one
4b. Design one way and two way way continuous slab.
simply supported slabs as per 4.2 IS provision for main reinforcement,
given data. distribution reinforcement, minimum
4c. Examine suitability of and maximum steel area, effective span,
designed slab by applying effective depth, effective cover.
deflection and cracking 4.3 Depth of Slab from deflection criteria,
criteria. Dead Load, Live Load and Floor finish
4d. Draw reinforcement detailing load on Slab. Bending moment due to
loads.
for the designed slab as per IS
4.4 Design and detailing of one way simply
provision.
supported and cantilever slabs. Check
limit state of serviceability. Numerical
based on this.
4.5 Design and detailing of two way simply
supported slab (only corners not held
down condition). Check the limit state of
serviceability. Numerical based on this.

Unit– V Axially 5a. Identify the type of column 5.1 Column: Types of column, Long
loaded short based on load condition. Column, Short column, Axially loaded
column and pad 5b. Analyze and Design axially column, uniaxially loaded column and
footing. loaded short columns. biaxially loaded column.
5c. . Design Isolated Pad Footing 5.2 Limit state of collapse: Compression,
for column. assumptions, effective length,
5d. Draw reinforcement details of slenderness ratio, minimum eccentricity.
column and footing. IS provision for reinforcement in

column, lateral reinforcement as tie only

for column,
5.3 Load analysis of axially loaded short
columns.
5.4 Design of axially loaded short columns.
Check for minimum eccentricity.
5.5 Footing: Types of isolated footing, pad
and sloped footing. IS specification for
reinforcement in pad footing only.
5.6 Design of isolated pad footing. Check for
bending, one way shear and two way
shear, check for development length in
footing. Numerical based on this with
reinforcement details.

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6a. Identify relevant steel 6.1 Steel versus RCC as a building material.
Unit– VI structure from given Advantages and disadvantages of steel.
Fundamental of condition. Types of steel sections normally in use.
6b. Identify the components of the 6.2 Characteristic strength and design
Steel Design given steel structure. strength, Stress-strain curve for mild
6c. Choose properties of the given steel. Partial safety factors for load and
steel section. materials as per IS provision.
6.3 Limit state of strength
and serviceability.

Unit– VII 7a. Select type of connection for 7.1 Types of connections in steel structures
Bolted and the given steel structure. Bolted connection: Types of bolts,
Welded 7b. Compute the strength of Black Bolts, Turned Bolts, HSFG Bolts,
bolted and welded connection Grade of Bolts Lap and Butt Joint,
connections
for the given condition. Minimum and Maximum Pitch, Tack
7c. Design bolted and welded Bolting, Edge Distance, Gauge Distance,
connection for given Bolt Hole.
condition. 7.2 Shear Capacity of Bolt – Vdsb, Bearing
Capacity of Bolt – Vdpb as per IS-800-
2007, Bolt Value,
Efficiency of Joint.
7.3 Analysis and design of bolted connection
of plate and Angle sections. Numericals
based on this.
7.4 Welded connection: Types of weld, Fillet
Weld and its symbol, tack welding,
minimum and maximum size of weld,
effective throat thickness, end returns.
7.5 Analysis and design of Fillet weld in
plate and angle section as per IS-
8002007. Numericals based on this.

Unit– VIII Load 8a. Identify the type of steel roof 8.1 Types of Truss for various spans, Pitch
Calculation for truss. of Truss, Rise, Spacing of Truss,
Roof Truss 8b. Compute dead load, live load Members of Truss: Purlin, Principal
and wind load per panel point Rafter, Main Tie, Sag Tie. Joints: eave

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as per given condition. joint, ridge joint, intermediate joint and

8c. Derive design load and check middle bottom joint. Roofing material-
load from different load GI and AC Sheets.
combinations. 8.2 Types of load and load combinations for
roof truss as per IS 875 codal provisions.
8.3 Dead Load of Truss per panel point: self
weight ,weight of Purlin , Wind Bracing
, and weight of Roofing Material .
8.4 Live Load per panel point on purlin and
Truss.
8.5 Wind Load per panel point on roof truss
8.6 Numericals on dead load, live and wind
load for roof truss.

9. SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION TABLE FOR QUESTION PAPER DESIGN

Unit Unit Title Teaching Distribution of Theory Marks

No. Hours R U A Total
Level Level Level Marks
I Fundamentals of R.C.C. Design 02 00 02 02 04
II Singly Reinforced Beam 08 02 04 06 12

III 04 02 02 04 08
Shear and Development Length
IV Slabs 08 02 04 06 12
V Axially loaded short column and 06 02 04 04 10
pad footing.
VI Fundamentals of Steel Design 02 00 02 02 04
VII Bolted and Welded connections 06 02 02 06 10
VIII Load Calculation for Roof Truss 06 02 02 06 10
Total 42 12 24 34 70

Legends: R=Remember, U=Understand, A=Apply and above (Revised Bloom’s taxonomy)

Note: This specification table provides general guidelines to assist students for their learning
and to teachers to teach and question paper designers/setters to formulate test
items/questions to assess the attainment of the UOs. The actual distribution of marks at
different taxonomy levels (of R, U and A) in the question paper may slightly vary from above
table.

10. SUGGESTED STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Other than the conventional teaching and learning, following are the suggested studentrelated
co-curricular activities which can be undertaken to accelerate the attainment of the various
outcomes in this course: Students should conduct following activities in group and prepare

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reports of about 5 pages for each activity, also collect/record physical evidences for their
(student’s) portfolio which will be useful for their placement interviews:

a) Collect different photographs of nearby structures (RCC or Steel) showing different

components clearly to create a self site visit.
b) Collect the photographs of different types of footings/foundations being constructed
nearby with their primary details.
c) Collect different photographs of steel structural members (by visiting railway station,
warehouse or industrial sheds) where connections can be shown actually implemented
at site.
d) Collect the photographs of five different types of rolled steel sections.
e) Collect the information with photographs of structural failure of RCC components due
to any reason.
f) Collect the information with photographs of world famous steel structures from
journals or websites.
g) Collect the information with photographs of structural members having well known
structures of India.

11. SUGGESTED SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES (if any)

These are sample strategies, which the teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the
various outcomes in this course:
a) Massive open online courses (MOOCs) may be used to
teach various topics/subtopics.
b) Guide student(s) in undertaking micro-projects.
c) ‘L’ in section No. 4 means different types of teaching methods that are to be employed
by teachers to develop the outcomes.
d) About 20% of the topics/sub-topics which are relatively simpler or descriptive in
nature is to be given to the students for self-learning, but to be assessed using
different assessment methods.
e) With respect to section No.10, teachers need to ensure to create opportunities and
provisions for co-curricular activities.
f) Guide students on how to address issues on environment and sustainability.
g) Guide students for using data manuals.

12. SUGGESTED MICRO-PROJECTS

Only one micro-project is planned to be undertaken by a student that needs to be assigned to
him/her in the beginning of the semester. In the first four semesters, the micro-projects are
group-based (group of 3 to 5). However, in the fifth and sixth semesters, the number of
students in the group should not exceed three.

The micro-project could be field application based, internet-based, workshop-based,

laboratory-based or theory (analysis or design) based. Each micro-project should encompass
two or more COs which are in fact, an integration of PrOs, UOs and ADOs. Each student will
have to maintain a dated work diary consisting of individual contributions in the project work

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and give a seminar presentation of it before submission. The duration of the microproject
should be about 14-16 (fourteen to sixteen) student engagement hours during the course.
The students ought to submit micro-project by the end of the semester to develop the
industry-oriented COs.
A suggestive list of micro-projects is given here. This has to match the competency and the
COs. Similar micro-projects could be added by the concerned course teacher:
a) Determine the moment of resistance of different cross sections for beams having
the same area and different grades of concrete.
b) Compare the price of different grades of steel bars by actual market survey and
prepare the report.
c) Prepare spreadsheet or computer program to determine moment of resistance of
singly reinforced beam for three grades of steel and concrete.
d) Prepare spreadsheet or computer program to determine development length for
different grades of steel , concrete, dia. of bar in tension and compression.
e) Prepare spreadsheet or computer program to calculate load carrying capacity of
axially loaded short RC column.
f) Prepare drawing in Autocad for Dead load, Live load and Wind Load for given roof
truss and compare answers with manual drawing.
g) Carry out market survey for steel sections which are available in market but not
included in steel table or SP:6.

13. SUGGESTED LEARNING RESOURCES

Sr. Publication with place, year and

Title of Book Author
No. ISBN
1 Design of Reinforced N Krishna Raju CBS Publishers & Distribution Pvt.
Concrete Structures Ltd. NewDelhi
ISBN: 9789385915369
2 Design of Reinforced N Subramanian Oxford Publisher
Concrete Structures ISBN: 0198086946
3 Reinforced Concrete Vol.I Dr.H.J.Shah Charotar Publication
ISBN: 9789385039478
4 Design of Steel Structures S.S.Bhavikatti Dreamtech press New Delhi
By Limit State Method as ISBN:9389307058
per IS:800-2007
5 Limit State design of Steel S.K.Duggal Mc Graw Hill
structures ISBN: 9353164877
6 Limit State design of Steel S.Kanthimathinath Dreamtech press
structures As per IS:8002007 an New Delhi
ISBN:9389447577

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Design of Structures Course Code: 4360601

7 IS:456-2000- Plain and BIS, New Delhi BIS, New Delhi

Reinforced concrete code of
practice.
8 IS:800-2007-Indian BIS, New Delhi BIS, New Delhi
Standard Code of practice
for use of structural steel in
general building
Sr. Publication with place, year and
Title of Book Author
No. ISBN
construction.

9 IS: 875-1987 part 1 to 5, BIS, New Delhi BIS, New Delhi

Indian Standard Code for
Loading Standards
10 SP:16-Design Aids for BIS, New Delhi BIS, New Delhi
reinforced concrete to IS:456

11 SP:6-Handbook for BIS, New Delhi BIS, New Delhi

Structural
Engineers(Structural Steel
Sections)
12 SP:34-Handbook on BIS, New Delhi BIS, New Delhi
Concrete Reinforcement and
Detailing

14. SOFTWARE/LEARNING WEBSITES

a) NPTEL Course :-Reinforced Cement Concrete by IIT, Kharagpur

https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/105/105/105105105/
b) NPTEL Video series for Steel design by IIT, Kharagpur
https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/105/105/105105162/

15. PO-COMPETENCY-CO MAPPING

Design of Structures
Semester III (Course Code: 4360601)
POs
PO 1 Basic PO 2 PO 3 Design/ PO 4 Engineering PO 5 PO 6 Project PO 7
& Discipline Problem development Tools, Engineering Management Life-long
Competency & specific Analysis of solutions Experimentation practices for learning
knowledge & Testing society,
Course Outcomes
sustainability
&
environment

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 Design of Structures Course Code: 4360601

Analyze and Design important structural members of R.C.C. and primary knowledge of bolted and
Competency
welded connections for Steel structures and various loads for steel structures.

Course Outcomes
COa) Analyze and
Design singly
reinforced 3 3 3 2 3 2 2
rectangular
beam for flexure
and shear.
COb) Design One
way and Two 2 3 3 2 2 2 2
way slabs for
simply
supported
conditions.
COc) Design axially
loaded short
column and pad
2 3 3 2 2 2 2
footing.
COd) Design
Bolted and
Welded 2 3 3 3 2 2 2
Connections for
steel structures.
COe)Determine Dead
Load, Live Load
and Wind Load
2 3 3 3 2 2 2
on Roof Truss.
Legend: ‘3’ for high, ‘2’ for medium, ‘1’ for low and ‘-’ for no correlation of each CO with PO.

16. COURSE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

GTU Resource Persons

Sr.
Name and Designation Institute Contact No. Email
No.
1. Shri P.V. Rayjada, HOD L.E. College 9824281646 [email protected]
Applied Mechanics (Diploma), Morbi

2. Dr. J.B.Oza, I/C HOD G.P.Rajkot 9429048253 [email protected]

Applied Mechanics

3. Shri S.M.Kondhiya, G.P. Rajkot 9825764005 [email protected]

Sr. Lecturer Applied
Mechanics
4. Shri R.R. Makwana, Sr. L.E. College 9824128087 [email protected]
Lecturer Applied (Diploma), Morbi
Mechanics

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