Smart Electronic Voting Machine Using

Arduino & LCD Display

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)

SUBMITTED BY

RAJBHAR SITARAM SANJEEV

&
MANISHA RAMSURAT RAJBHAR

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

MS. HARPREET KAUR

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

GURU NANAK COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE
Affiliated to University of Mumbai
MUMBAI – 400037
MAHARASHTRA
2023-2024
 GURU NANAK COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE
Affiliated to University of Mumbai
MUMBAI - MAHARASHTRA– 400037

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled Smart Electronic Voting Machine Using Arduino &
LCD Display is a bonafide work of Rajbhar Sitaram Sanjeev & Manisha Ramsurat Rajbhar
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY from Univerity of Mumbai

_______ __________
Internal Guide Coordinator

_______________
External Examiner

Date: ____________ College Seal

 ABSTRACT

The project "Smart Electronic Voting Machine Using Arduino & LCD Display " The
basic idea of this project is to create an electronic voting machine that will help to eradicate
defrauding of the manual voting systems and prior versions of electronic voting. The thesis
looks into and proposes a system that includes multiple layers of verifications to ensure the
reliability of the device.

With the inclusion of biometric fingerprint sensor, each voter is entered into the system only
after being recognized and checked with the given database of enlisted voters. Once the
corresponding fingerprint is matched with the information provided, the voter will be allowed to
proceed for choosing their preferred candidate from the panel of buttons.

The final vote is then displayed onto an LCD for the satisfaction of voters. The proposed
project displays transparency and also carries the feature of being autonomous during the course
of operation.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude and appreciation to all those who contributed to
the successful completion of the " Smart Electronic Voting Machine Using Arduino & LCD
Display " project. This project would not have been possible without the support, guidance, and
assistance of numerous individuals and organizations.

First and foremost, we extend our heartfelt thanks to our project supervisor, whose expertise and
mentorship were invaluable throughout the project. Their insights, encouragement, and
continuous support greatly enriched our learning experience.

We also extend our thanks to the faculty and staff at for providing us with the necessary
resources, facilities, and a conducive environment for conducting this project.

Furthermore, we want to acknowledge the generous contributions of our fellow students and
colleagues who provided valuable insights, feedback, and assistance during the development
and testing phases...

Lastly, we appreciate the open-source community and the developers who created the
software and libraries that were instrumental in the success of our project. Your dedication to
sharing knowledge and resources is commendable.

This project has been a remarkable journey, and we are grateful to everyone who played a part
in making it a reality. Your collective efforts have contributed to the development of an
innovative AI-driven robotic system using Raspberry Pi, and we look forward to further
advancements in this exciting field.

Thank you all for your support and contributions.

Sincerely,
Rajbhar Sitaram Sanjeev & Manisha Ramsurat Rajbhar
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled, " Smart Electronic Voting Machine Using Arduino &
LCD Display " done in our college, has not been in any case duplicated to submit to any other
university for the award of any degree. To the best of my knowledge other than me, no one has
submitted to any other university.

The project is done in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) to be submitted as
final semester project as part of our curriculum.

Name and Signature of the Student

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.2 Objectives

1.3 Purpose, Scope, and Applicability

1.3.1 Purpose
1.3.2 Scope
1.3.3 Applicability

1.4 Achievements

1.5 Organisation of Report

CHAPTER 2: SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES

CHAPTER 3: REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS

3.1 Problem Definition
3.1.1 General Description

3.2 Planning and Scheduling

3.3 Software and Hardware Requirements

CHAPTERS 4: SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 Use Case Diagram

4,2 Er Diagram

4.3 Activity Diagram

4.4 Sequence Diagram

4.5 Circuit Diagram

 1. INTRODUCTION
Election is the act of party casting votes [1,3] to elect on individual for some type of position.
Election may involve a public or private vote depending on the position. Most position in the
local, state, and federal governments are voting on in some type of election. In paper-based
elections, voters cast their votes by simply depositing their ballots in sealed boxes distributed
across the electoral circuits around a given country. When the election period ends, all these
boxes are opened and votes are counted manually in presence of the certified officials.
In this process, there can be error in counting of votes or in some cases voters find ways to vote
more than once. Sometimes votes are even manipulated to distort the results of an election in
Favor of certain candidates. In order to avoid these shortcomings, [4-7] the government of India
came up with direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting system which are usually electronic
voting machine (EVM). These devices have been praised for their simple design, ease of use
and reliability.
However, it has been found that EVMs are not tamper proof and are easily hacked. Moreover,
these attacks, hardware as well as software, go without any detection but are quite simple to
implement.

1.1 BACKGROUND

Current Voting System Challenges: - In many parts of the world, traditional paper-based
voting systems are still in use. These systems often face challenges such as long queues, time-
consuming processes, human errors, and the potential for fraudulent activities. Moreover, the
manual counting of votes can be labour-intensive and prone to inaccuracies.
Electronic Voting Solutions: - Electronic voting systems have gained popularity due to their
potential to streamline the voting process and provide a more efficient and secure means of
casting and counting votes. However, such systems need to be designed with utmost care to
ensure security and reliability.
Arduino Microcontroller Platform: - Arduino is a widely used microcontroller platform
known for its flexibility, accessibility, and affordability. It offers an excellent foundation for
building electronic systems, making it an ideal choice for this project.
LCD Display Integration: - The use of an LCD display in the project provides a user-friendly
interface for voters. It allows voters to verify their choices before casting their votes, and it can
also display important information such as voting instructions and results.
1.2 OBJECTIVES

The primary objectives of the "Smart Electronic Voting Machine Using Arduino & LCD
Display" project are as follows:
Efficiency: - Streamline the voting process to reduce waiting times and improve overall
efficiency in the polling station.
Accuracy: - Minimize the risk of human errors in vote counting by automating the process and
providing a clear and transparent tally.
Security: - Implement security features to prevent tampering and ensure the integrity of the
voting system.
User-Friendly Interface: - Develop an intuitive interface with an LCD display to guide voters
through the process and provide them with a clear summary of their selections.
Data Logging: - Create a system that can record and store voting data for auditing and analysis
purposes.
Cost-Effective Solution: - Design the system to be cost-effective and suitable for deployment in
various electoral settings.

1.3 PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND APPLICABILITY

1.3.1 Purpose
The purpose of the project "Smart Electronic Voting Machine Using Arduino & LCD Display" is
to address various issues and improve the voting process by introducing a modern, efficient, and
secure electronic voting system. The key purposes of this project are as follows:
Enhance Voting Efficiency: - The primary purpose is to streamline the voting process, reducing
the time required for citizens to cast their votes. This can help mitigate long queues and enhance
the overall efficiency of the electoral process.
Improve Voting Accuracy: - By automating the voting and counting process, the project aims
to minimize human errors that can occur in traditional paper-based voting systems. This helps
ensure that votes are accurately recorded and counted.
Enhance Security: - Security is a critical concern in any voting system. The project is designed
to incorporate security features to prevent tampering with votes, protect voter anonymity, and
maintain the integrity of the election.
Provide a User-Friendly Interface: - The project's purpose is to create a user-friendly interface
using an LCD display that simplifies the voting process for citizens. This interface allows voters
to review and confirm their selections before submitting their votes, reducing the chance of
errors.
Facilitate Data Logging: - The system is intended to log and store voting data for auditing and
analysis purposes. This data logging can enhance transparency and accountability in the electoral
process.
Cost-Effective Solution: - The project aims to provide a cost-effective electronic voting solution
that can be deployed in various electoral settings, including elections at the local, national, or
organizational levels.
Promote Technological Advancements:- The project serves to showcase the potential of
technology, specifically Arduino microcontrollers, in improving public processes. It encourages
the adoption of innovative solutions in democratic practices.
Modernize Voting Infrastructure:- Many countries and regions still rely on outdated paper-
based voting systems. The project's purpose is to help modernize voting infrastructure and bring
it in line with the digital age.
Enhance Voter Confidence:- A well-designed electronic voting system can enhance voter
confidence in the electoral process by providing a more transparent, efficient, and secure means
of casting votes and ensuring that their voices are accurately represented.
Serve as a Model for Future Voting Systems: The project can serve as a model for the
development of electronic voting systems in the future, both in terms of hardware and software.
It may inspire further innovations and improvements in voting technology.
1.3.2 SCOPE
The scope of the project titled "Smart Electronic Voting Machine Using Arduino & LCD
Display" encompasses a wide range of technical and operational aspects. Below is a detailed
scope of the project:
Hardware Development:-Design and assemble the electronic components, including Arduino
microcontrollers, LCD displays, input devices (e.g., buttons), and any additional hardware
required for the voting machine.
User Interface Design:-Develop a user-friendly interface on the LCD display that allows voters
to select their choices, review them, and confirm their votes.Implement clear instructions and
intuitive navigation to guide voters through the process.
Voting Process Automation:-Create the software to automate the voting process, ensuring that
each vote is accurately recorded and counted.Develop algorithms and logic for vote validation
and secure storage.
Security Measures:-Implement security features to prevent unauthorized access and tampering
with the system.Ensure the secrecy of individual votes to maintain the anonymity of
voters.Consider encryption methods and secure data storage.
Data Logging and Storage:-Develop a data logging system to record all votes for auditing and
analysis.Determine the appropriate data storage and retrieval methods, considering long-term
data retention.

1.3.3 APPLICABILITY
The "Smart Electronic Voting Machine Using Arduino & LCD Display" has several potential
areas of applicability:
Government Elections:-This system can be used in local, regional, and national government
elections to streamline the voting process, improve accuracy, and enhance transparency.
Organizational Elections:-Many organizations, such as companies, labor unions, and non-
profits, hold internal elections. This electronic voting system can be adapted for such elections to
increase efficiency and reduce the likelihood of errors.
Educational Institutions:-Universities, schools, and student associations can employ this
system for student council elections, faculty votes, and other decision-making processes within
the educational community.
Board of Directors Elections:-Corporations and non-profit organizations can use the system for
board of directors or governing body elections to ensure a secure and efficient voting process.
Citizen Initiatives and Referendums:-The system can be used to facilitate citizen initiatives
and referendums, providing a reliable and secure means for the public to express their opinions
on important issues.
Online Voting for Remote Populations:-In regions with remote or dispersed populations, this
system could be adapted for online voting, allowing citizens to cast their votes electronically
without traveling to a physical polling station.
 2 . SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGY
2.1 Literature Survey
The purpose of this chapter is to provide a literature survey is a crucial section of the report that
provides an in-depth review of existing technologies, related work, and research in the field of
electronic voting systems and the use of Arduino and LCD displays in such systems.
Introduction to Literature Survey:- In this section, introduce the purpose of the literature
survey, which is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the technological landscape
relevant to the development of a Smart Electronic Voting Machine using Arduino and LCD
displays.
Electronic Voting Systems:- Discuss the various types of electronic voting systems that have been used
worldwide. Include discussions on their advantages and challenges. This section should also cover any
notable examples or case studies.

Role of Arduino in Voting Systems:- Explain how Arduino microcontrollers are used in
electronic voting systems. Discuss their role in hardware control and data processing. Provide
examples of Arduino-based voting systems if available.
LCD Displays in Voting Systems:- Elaborate on the use of LCD displays in the context of
electronic voting machines. Discuss how they are integrated into the user interface, the
information they display, and their impact on the user experience.
Security in Electronic Voting:- Discuss security aspects related to electronic voting systems,
such as authentication, encryption, and protection against tampering. Highlight successful
security measures that have been employed in similar systems.

2.2 EXISTING SYSTEM AND ITS LIMITATION

Existing System and Its Limitations:-This section delves into the current state of electronic
voting systems, focusing on their limitations and challenges. It is important to understand the
shortcomings of existing systems to inform the design and development of a better solution using
Arduino and LCD displays.

Introduction to Existing Systems:- Introduce the section by discussing the current state of
electronic voting systems, emphasizing their widespread use and significance in various settings.

Limitations of Traditional Electronic Voting Systems:- Explore the limitations and challenges
associated with traditional electronic voting systems, including:

Security Vulnerabilities:- Discuss how vulnerabilities, such as hacking and tampering, pose a
significant risk to the integrity of electronic voting.
Complexity:- Describe how complex systems can lead to errors in setup, operation, and
maintenance.

Lack of Transparency:- Explain the concerns regarding the transparency and auditability of
electronic voting systems.

Accessibility:- Address issues related to the accessibility of electronic voting systems, especially
for individuals with disabilities.

Cost:- Discuss the financial burden associated with procuring, deploying, and maintaining
electronic voting systems.

Scalability:- Consider the challenges of scaling traditional systems for use in various election
sizes and scenarios.

Case Studies of Existing Limitations:-Provide real-world examples or case studies that

illustrate the limitations and challenges faced by traditional electronic voting systems. Use these
cases to highlight specific instances where the current systems fell short.

The Role of Arduino and LCD Displays in Mitigating Limitations:-Explain how the
introduction of Arduino and LCD displays can help address some of the limitations identified in
existing systems. For example, discuss how Arduino's flexibility and LCD's user interface can
enhance system usability and security.

Integrating Security Measures:-Discuss how your project aims to integrate security measures
(encryption, authentication, etc.) into the system to mitigate the security limitations of existing
systems.

Theoretical Impact of Addressing Limitations: -In a theoretical context, elaborate on how

overcoming the limitations of existing systems through the use of Arduino and LCD displays can
result in a more secure, transparent, and accessible voting process.
 3. REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS
3.1 Problem Definition: -
In the problem definition, it’s essential to outline the challenges or issues that the smart
electronic voting machine aims to address. This can include concerns about traditional voting
systems, security vulnerabilities, or the need for a more efficient and reliable voting process.
Providing a clear and concise description of the issues helps in understanding the necessity and
purpose of the project. Creating a comprehensive document for your project might require a
significant amount of information and detail. I can provide you with an overview of what you
might include in this chapter, such as:
1. Introduction: Discuss the purpose and scope of the project.
2. Background: Explain the current issues with traditional voting systems.
3. Objectives: Clearly define the goals you aim to achieve with this project.
4. Stakeholders: Identify the parties involved and their interests in the project’s success.
5. Functional Requirements: List the features and capabilities the electronic voting machine
should have.
6. Non-functional Requirements: Specify constraints such as security, usability, and reliability.
7. System Architecture: Describe the overall structure of the electronic voting machine system.
8. Data Flow Diagram: Illustrate how data will flow within the system.
9. Risk Analysis: Identify potential risks and propose mitigation strategies.
10. Feasibility Analysis: Assess the technical and financial feasibility of the project.

3.1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION: -

Certainly, here is the general description of the Smart Electronic Voting Machine using Arduino
and LCD Display project: The Smart Electronic Voting Machine utilizing Arduino and an LCD
Display is a technologically advanced voting system that aims to streamline the voting process,
enhance security, and provide efficient data management during elections. This project focuses
on integrating Arduino microcontrollers and LCD displays to create an intuitive and user-
friendly interface for voters and administrators.
Key Features: -
1. User-Friendly Interface: The voting machine incorporates an LCD display to facilitate a
seamless and straightforward voting experience for the voters. The interface is designed to be
intuitive, ensuring that even users unfamiliar with the technology can easily navigate through the
voting process.
2. Authentication Mechanism: - The system includes a secure authentication mechanism to
verify the eligibility of voters, preventing unauthorized access and ensuring the integrity of the
voting process.
3. Data Security and Integrity: - Robust data security measures are implemented to safeguard the
confidentiality and integrity of the voting data. This includes encryption techniques and secure
data transmission protocols to prevent tampering and unauthorized access to sensitive
information.
4.Real-Time Vote Tallying: - The system enables real-time vote counting and tallying, ensuring
that the results are promptly available after the completion of the voting process. This feature
enhances the efficiency and transparency of the electoral system.
5.Reliability and Efficiency: - The voting machine is designed to be reliable, minimizing
technical errors and disruptions during the voting process. It aims to provide a smooth and
efficient experience for both voters and administrators, reducing the likelihood of delays and
inaccuracies in the voting procedure.

3.2 Planning and schedule: -

Certainly, in the context of the “Smart Electronic Voting Machine using Arduino and LCD
Display” project, the section “3.2 Planning and Scheduling” involves the establishment of a
systematic approach to manage the development process efficiently. Here's an outline of what
this section might include:
1.Project Scope Definition: Clearly define the scope of the project, including the specific
functionalities and features that the smart electronic voting machine will incorporate. This step
ensures a comprehensive understanding of the project’s goals and deliverables.
2. Resource Identification: Identify the necessary resources, including human resources,
hardware components, software requirements, and any external support or expertise required for
the successful implementation of the project.
3. Task Breakdown Structure: Create a detailed breakdown of tasks involved in the development
process. This structure should outline the sequential and parallel tasks required for hardware and
software development, testing, and integration of the electronic voting machine components.
4. Timeline Creation: Develop a realistic timeline for each phase of the project, considering the
complexity of the tasks and the availability of resources. Set milestones and deadlines to monitor
the progress and ensure that the project stays on track.
5. Risk Assessment and Mitigation: Identify potential risks that could impact the project’s
progress and develop strategies to mitigate these risks effectively. This includes considering
challenges related to hardware malfunctions, software bugs, data security breaches, or any
unforeseen technical issues.
6. Quality Assurance Plan: Establish a comprehensive quality assurance plan to ensure that the
developed electronic voting machine meets the required standards for functionality, security, and
usability. Implement testing protocols to verify the reliability and accuracy of the system.
7. Stakeholder Engagement: Engage with stakeholders, including potential users, administrators,
and any other relevant parties, to gather feedback and ensure that the developed solution aligns
with their needs and expectations.

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: -

Certainly, in the “Software and Hardware Requirements” section of the Smart Electronic Voting
Machine using Arduino and LCD Display project, it is essential to outline the specific software
and hardware components necessary for the successful implementation of the project. Here is a
comprehensive overview of the requirements:
Hardware Requirements:
1. Arduino Microcontroller: Select an appropriate Arduino board with sufficient digital and
analog pins to accommodate the voting machine’s functionalities and interface with the LCD
display.
2. LCD Display: Choose a compatible LCD display with adequate resolution and size to provide
a clear and user-friendly interface for the voters and administrators.
3. Input Devices: Incorporate reliable input devices, such as push buttons or keypads, to enable
users to cast their votes securely and efficiently.
4.Authentication Mechanism Components: Integrate necessary hardware components, such as
RFID readers, biometric sensors, or smart card readers, to establish a robust and secure
authentication system for eligible voters.
5.Power Supply Unit: Ensure a stable and reliable power supply unit to support the continuous
operation of the electronic voting machine throughout the voting process.
Software Requirements:
1. Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE): Utilize the Arduino IDE to develop and
upload the firmware, ensuring seamless communication between the Arduino microcontroller
and other hardware components.
2. Programming Languages: Employ C or C++ programming languages to write the firmware
code for the Arduino microcontroller, enabling the implementation of various functionalities,
including user interface interactions, authentication protocols, and data management.
3. Data Management Software: Implement secure data management software to handle voter
information, voting data, and real-time vote tallying, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the
voting process.
4. Security and Encryption Software: Integrate appropriate security and encryption software to
safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of the voting data, preventing unauthorized access or
tampering during the transmission and storage of sensitive information.
By fulfilling these software and hardware requirements, the Smart Electronic Voting Machine
project can ensure the seamless integration and operation of the electronic voting system,
providing a secure, user-friendly, and efficient platform for conducting elections.
 4. SYSTEM DESIGN
Use Case Diagram: -
A Use Case Diagram for a Smart Electronic Voting Machine using Arduino and LCD Display
would typically involve the following components:

ER Diagram: -
An Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram for the Smart Electronic Voting Machine using Arduino
and LCD Display will illustrate the entities and their relationships within the system. Here are
the key entities and their relationships that might be included in the ER Diagram for this project:
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM: -
An Activity Diagram for the Smart Electronic Voting Machine using Arduino and LCD Display
will represent the flow of activities and actions within the system. Here’s a general outline of the
key activities and their sequence in the voting process:

Sequence Diagram: -
A Sequence Diagram for the Smart Electronic Voting Machine using Arduino and LCD Display
would illustrate the interactions between the various components and their sequence of actions
during the voting process. Here’s a simplified representation of the sequence of events:
Circuit Diagram: -
A Circuit Diagram for the Smart Electronic Voting Machine using Arduino and LCD Display
showcases the physical connections and components required to build the system. Here's a basic
representation of the key components in the circuit:

1. Arduino Microcontroller: The central processing unit that controls the overall functioning of
the electronic voting machine.

2. LCD Display Module: The display unit that provides information and instructions to the voter
during the voting process.

3. Keypad or Buttons: Input devices that enable the voter to make selections and navigate
through the options.

4. Resistors and Capacitors: Components that help regulate and stabilize the flow of current
within the circuit.

5. Voting Module Interface: The interface responsible for recording the votes and updating the
database.

6. Power Supply Unit: The power source that supplies the necessary electrical energy to the
entire circuit.