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Smart Chopper and Monitoring System for Composting Garbage

Conference Paper · September 2019

DOI: 10.1109/IC2IE47452.2019.8940812

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 Smart Chopper and Monitoring System for
Composting Organic Garbage
Vivien Arief Wardhany Subono Alfin Hidayat
Teknik Informatika Teknik Informatika Teknik Informatika
Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi, Indonesia Banyuwangi, Indonesia Banyuwangi, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

akhmad.afandi
M. Doni Sururin A.
Teknik Mesin
Teknik Informatika
Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi
Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi
Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Banyuwangi, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Garbage becomes a global issue that is still a an ultrasonic sensor and a Wi-Fi module and this entire
problem, especially in developing countries. because the system is connected to every single bin for the campus area.
problem of waste has a negative impact on the environment if The IoT-Based Garbage system, in the future will be used as
the management is not right. one of the contributors to waste the payment module, so when the users using the bin they
in this world is household waste. with this problem, the right
way is needed to process organic waste so that it is beneficial to
have to pay online maybe weekly or monthly.
the environment and reduces the impact of environmental Kannapiran Selvaraj, et all. Are proposed the smart
pollution.By using this system we can crush the organics waste dustbin to reporting the information. This paper presents an
then let it sit for composting process. In this system we using Arduino based smart dustbin monitoring system which can
the arduino mega2560 for proceesing, the we use the 3900rpm be operated using a local area network (LAN) server. The
motor and several sensors like temperature sensor, humidity Arduino Uno controller is used to read the dustbin levels
sensor, ultrasonic sensor and LDR sensor. This system also with the help of Ultrasonic sensor. After 100% filling of dust
show the monitoring of crushing process and composting and waste items, vehicle is sent to that area to collect the
condiotion by using the LED monitore, that display each value garbage deposited. Arduino Uno contains Atmega328p-pu
of the data that taken from each sensors. From the experiment
we see that the average time for the transformation form from
IC. Arduino Ethernet shield is used to send the data to server
solid to liquid is about 6 days. in order to monitor the dustbin level. Embedded C is used to
Keywords: garbage, Chopper, sensor, Arduino program the controller and html is employed for creating the
web page.
A. INTRODUCTION
The growth of population causes an increase in the C. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
amount of waste. The more population in a city, the more Smart Chopper and monitoring System for Organic
complex the activities and businesses will be, so the greater Waste Household functions as a household waste processor
the garbage problems that must be addressed the garbage to become a more useful item, where the user can control by
recycle management is intended so that waste does not turning off or turning on the tool by pressing the on / off
endanger human health and does not pollute the button in the household organic waste crusher. The users can
environment. Waste management is also carried out to obtain press the push button to turn on the smart trash machine
benefits especially the benefits for humans. This is based on manually, and also the users can see the time for the process
the point of view that waste is a resource that can still be of destruction of organic waste on the LCD screen. If the
used and even has economic value. This opinion arises along shelter box is full the ultrasonic sensorswill send the signal to
with the increase of scarce natural resources and the arduino, then arduino will send the signal into the LED light
deterioration of the environment. Another way is by indicator also the buzzer will give the sound as the warning.
processing organic waste into compost. In this system after Users can monitor the room temperature and water content in
the type of garbage is classified, then the collected organic the waste from the destruction of organic waste in the trash
waste will be crush by the machine and then entered into a can. also can find out if the destruction has been completed
shelter for fermentation. The fermentation period of organic through the sound of the buzzer alarm and the led lights on
waste from solid to liquid ranges take time about 4 to 6 the device.
weeks. The temperature of the trash can be observed by a. System Layout
placing the temperature sensor and the height of the trash can The layout of the trash bin is shown in the image below
be observed using a led light that is installed in the trash can which can be seen from the front side, it can be seen there is
and utilizing the LDR sensor to observe the height of the an LCD screen, an on/off switch, a Button, a waste container
garbage that has entered the trash can. which is enumerated waste, a room temperature sensor, a soil
B. RELATED WORK moisture sensor and a garbage collection container.
Some studies related to smart garbage and monitoring This is How the smart garbage works :
system for composting organic garbage use the sereval  The user has the right to drain electricity or
hardware also using an application to use [1-6]. Priya G et disconnect electricity through the on / off button.
all. For the article with the title “smart Garbage Monitoring
System” the author using arduino board which connected to
  The push button button functions as an emergency will ring which indicates the process of enumerating waste
button if the trash can has an error or damage when has been completed. The ultrasonic sensor is used to
processing organic waste. measure whether the container from the garbage
 Ldr sensor (Light Dependent Resistor) is used to enumeration is full or not, if it is full of feeding the
send signals whether the trash can will process ultrasonic sensor sends a signal by indicating that the
organic waste or not. garbage container is full to the LCD and sending the
 Trash cans serve as a tool to process household signal to the buzzer, where the buzzer will ring indicating
organic waste into smaller particles. the destroyed garbage container is full.
 Arduino acts as a controller for the performance of
household organic waste crushing trash cans.
 RTC (Real Time Clock) is used to stop the engine
based on the time it has been set when the engine
stops processing in converting organic waste into
smaller particles.
 Relay is used to disconnect or connect voltage to
the motor so that the motor can be control for on or
off.
 The motor is used to crush the organic waste into
smaller particles.
 The ultasonic sensor is used to determine whether
the waste container resulting from the destruction
of garbage is full or not.
 The results of the destruction of household waste is
organic shattered garbage that prepared for
composting.
Fig. 2. Hardware System

c. How the System Work

The system designed includes several essential parts,
namely the hardware design on the hardware side, the
prototype of the smart garbage bin that destroys household
organic waste in the side of the object. This following
figure is a general description of the overall system of a
smart garbage can.

Fig.1. Garbage Bin Design

b. Hardware Design
The 9 volt adapter is used to supply power for the Arduino
Microcontroller so that it can be active and work according to
the instructions given from the program that has been
embedded in the Arduino Microcontroller IC. Then The LDR
sensor is used to start the processing of the destruction of
household organic garbage in an automatic way, so when the
IR sensor is blocked the garbage in the pipe will send an order
to the Microcontroller that the organic garbage motor will Fig 3. System Schemes
spin. The Button is used to give instructions manually by
sending the commands to the Microcontroller to start the In the design of the hardware consists of several
program execution to activate all devices connected to the circuits which are all interrelated to control and observe
microcontoller. the conditions in the smart garbage crusher of household
The relay will trigger a 1 phase motor that is used to organic waste, namely as follows:
destroy organic waste to become finer particles according Table 1. Arduino Pin Connection With Actuators and Sensors
to the size of the filter used. The length of the enumeration
process has been set using the rtc circuit. LCD is used to Pin Mega 2560 Pin Out Description
monitor the time, temperature and humidity that used in SDA, SCL Rtc Digital Signal 16x2
the crush processing of household organic waste which
will be used as compost. After the process of enumerating 34 Ultrasonic Sensor Input Signal Sensor
household organic waste has been completed, the buzzer 45 Relay Analog Motor Signal
 43 Button LCD Digital Signal on / off button in the household organic waste crusher.
39 Buzzer LCD Digital Signal Users can press the push button to turn on the smart trash
machine manually.
A3 Room Temp. Sensor Input Signal Sensor Table 2. Component Description
A0 Soil Moisture Sensor Input Signal Sensor Number Description
A13 LDR Input Signal Sensor 1 On/Off Switch
3 Led Red LCD analog signal 2 Push Button
4 Led Orange LCD analog signal 3 LCD 16 x 2

5 Led Yellow LCD analog signal 4 Light Indicator (LED)

5 Buzzer
6,7,8,9,10,11 LCD 16x2 LCD analog signal
6 Relay
7 Relay Time Clock
Arduino Mega2560, is a series of microcontroller
8 Arduino Mega 2560
modules that serves to control the performance of
actuators in smart trash cans of household organic waste 9 Adaptor 9 volt
by connecting pins from Arduino into the actuator driver 10 LDR Sensor ( Light Dependent Resistor )
or without the driver. The Arduino Mega module uses the 11 Crushing Motor
Mega2560 chip with a total of 53 digital I / O pins and 15
analog I / O pins. To control the actuator in the smart 12 Crushing Knife
organic waste crusher for household waste, it is necessary 13 Ultrasonic Sensor
to connect the pin on the Arduino Mega2560 into each 14 Room Temperature Sensor
actuator and sensor. Arduino pin connections with
actuators and sensors can be seen in table 1 15 Humidity Sensor

Users can see the time of crushing process of organic

D. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING waste on the LCD screen. The buzzer will ring whether the
waste processed is full or not in the storage shelter. If it is
The hardware realization of the proposed Smart Chopper
full, the ultrasonic sensor will send the signal to Arduino
and Monitoring System for composting Organic Garbage is
and Arduino to send a signal to the LED indicator with the
detailed as below :
buzzer. Users can monitor the room temperature and water
content in the waste from the destruction of organic waste in
the trash can. Users can find out if the destruction has been
completed through the sound of the buzzer alarm and the led
lights on the device.

Fig 5. Smart Garbage Crusher Machine for Monitoring Display

If it is full, the ultrasonic sensor will send the signal to

Arduino and Arduino sending a signal to the LED indicator
with the buzzer. Users can monitor the room temperature
and water content in the shelter box of organic waste. Users
also can find out if the destruction has been completed
Fig 4. Smart Garbage Crusher Machine
through the sound of the buzzer alarm and the led lights on
Smart garbage crusher machine as household waste the device.
processor to become a more useful item, where the user can At this testing stage of the crusher motor with 3900 rpm
control by turning off or turning on the tool by pressing the speed is carried out 4 times experiment. For each data taken
the result will be different for each process as we can see on
table 3. We can see that the heavier garbage weight will take which is initially an analog value is converted into a high
longer time for crushing process. (low) value, which can be monitored when the garbage size
is less than 3 cm. LDR sensor will read the low(0) values
Table 3. Number Description with the trash status not detected by the sensor, in the trash
measuring more than 5 cm the sensor will read the high(1)
Garbage Weight (Kg) Processing Time for value with the trash status detected by the sensor and give the
Data Taken
Crushing (sec)
decision for the garbage crushing actuator.
1 0,5 40
Table 4. LDR data measurement
2 1 70
3 1,5 95 Data LDR Sensor Garbage
Garbage Detection Status
Taken Value Diameter (cm)
4 2 120
1 1 >10 Detected
E. Temperature Sensor 2 1 9 Detected
The results of testing the temperature sensor for the 3 1 5 Detected
crushing organic garbage products in the shelter box for 1 to
4 0 3 Not Detected
15 day, as per 09.00 am data taken.
5 0 1 Not Detected

From the experiment as we can see that the minimum

garbage diameter start at ≤ 4cm cannot be detected by the
LDR sensor. The sensor can read if the diameter of garbage
is ≥ 5 cm.

H. Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

Figure 6. Temperatur value of the composting process on the shelter box. To detect the garbage container counter is using an
ultrasonic sensor, the ultrasonic sensor can detect the
As we can see for the figure that the sensors read that
distance from an object by emitting a 40 Khz frequency
there is an temperature increasing value of compost, the wave and then detect its reflection.
most significant is the day 2-5, which is an increase per day
reaching 0.8℃. the maximum temperature value is 30℃, Table 5. Ultrasonic data measurement
compos begins to change shape to liquid on day 10 where at
Garbage Height HC-SR04 Sensor
that time the temperature starts to stabilize between 29.7 - Data Taken
(cm) Value (cm)
Shelter Box Status
31 ℃.
1 0 10 Empty
2 5 8 Medium Fill
F. Humidity Sensor
3 8 <6 Full
For the Data taken of humidity compost value we use
soil moisture sensors is a sensor that can measure moisture
or moisture content in organic waste. For retrieval intervals
per - 5 days so that the sensor value can be read accurately I. CONCLUSION
so that the humidity value with the dry and normal limits is From the results of research and testing that have been
obtained, the value is Dry <10, Normal> 10 and <60, carried out it can be concluded that:
Moist> 70. The soil moisture sensor module has 4 pins,  By combining the technology we can reduce the garbage
namely GND (Groud), VCC (3.3-5Volt), A0 (Analog pollution by utilize the crusher machine and monitored
output), and DO (produces high / low digital output at them. the garbage also can provide the benefit by
certain humidity levels). recycling it into the compost, so it will help the
environtment by giving supplement to the soil.
Table 4. Humidty data measurement  All the process of this system can be controlled by using
the arduino mega2560, which it work when getting an
Data Humidity Interval
Taken Sensor Value (per-day)
Humidty Level analog signal command from the LDR sensor (Light
Dependent Resistor) which then sends a digital signal to
1 27 1 Low Humidity (dry) the enumerator motor. After the enumeration time of
2 30 5 Medium Humidity (dry) household organic waste is finished, Arduino sends an
3 50 10 Medium Humidity(normal)
order to the ultrasonic sensor to measure the height of
organic waste that has been chopped in a container and
4 70 15 High Humidity (normal) stops all the process of waste counting because the waste
receptacle container is full.
G. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) Sensor
For LDR sensor testing there is an output value in the ACKNOWLEDGMENT
form of an analog value to simplify the decision making by This research is supported by State Polytechnic of
the garbage crushing actuator, the value in the LDR sensor Banyuwangi for Informatics Engineering Department.
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