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Basic Unix Commands Required For Sap Administration

This document provides information on various Unix commands for basic file, directory and permission management. It covers commands for creating, deleting, listing and moving files and directories, setting permissions, viewing processes and users, and networking and remote access.

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nehra.raman07
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© © All Rights Reserved
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9 views

Basic Unix Commands Required For Sap Administration

This document provides information on various Unix commands for basic file, directory and permission management. It covers commands for creating, deleting, listing and moving files and directories, setting permissions, viewing processes and users, and networking and remote access.

Uploaded by

nehra.raman07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Useful Unix commands for basis consultant

CREATING AND DELETING FILES

cat > filename


file will be created
cat >> filename
append contents to existing file.
touch file1 file2
no.of files will be created.
rm filename
file will be deleted.

CREATING AND REMOVING DIRECTORIES

mkdir dir1 dir2


no.of directories will be created.
rmdir dir1 dir2
no.of empty directories will be deleted
rm –rf dir1
it removes directories with contents.
cd
to change one directory to another directory

pwd
to know present working directory.
ps –ef
to know all processes.
kill pid
to kill particular process.
kill –9 pid
to kill process forcefully.
vi filename
to edit file in vi.

ls filename
Lists all files and directories.
ls –l
it gives full information of files and directories.
ls –a
it displays hidden files
ls –p
shows difference b/w files and directories.
ls –i
Displys inode no of files and directories.

File permissions

We have two ways to assign permissions to files


1. Numeric mode
2. Symbolic mode or relative mode

Numeric mode

We assign numerics to permissions like


read 4
write 2
execute 1
chmod 777 filename/dirname
assign full permissions to all users.
chmod 666 filename/dirname
it assigns read and write permissions to all users

chgrp newgroupname file/directory


it changes groupname for file or directory.
chown newownername file/directory
it changes owner for file or directory.

Symbolic mode or relative mode

Here we assign symbols to users.


owner u
group g
others o
all a
read r
write w
execute x
adding permissions +
removing permissions -

To assign permissions

chmod ugo+rwx file/dir.

To remove permissions

chmod ugo-rwx file/dir.

Network communication

In hetrogenous and homogenous environment

telnet ipaddress
it connets to remote system
ftp ipaddress
scp /dir ipaddress:/dir
it copies date from source system to target system
ssh ipaddress:mkdir /dir
it executes commands in remote system.
Only in homogenous environment

rlogin ipaddress

rcp /dir ipaddress:/dir

rsh ipaddress:rm /file

User commads

useradd –u uid –g gid –G gid –d homedirecory –m –s sh username


it adds user g for primary group
G for secondary group
d,m for homedirecoty
s for default shell
u user id
su – username
to swith from one user to another user.

who
displays all users who are currently logged in system.
who am I
displays detailed information about current logged in user.
last
displays information about when system is lastly rebooted,who,time.
finger
information about current logged in user.

filesystems

df
it displays all filesystems with sizes
df –h
it displays all filesystems with human readable form.

du to know disk utilization


Shutdown commands

shutdown
init 0
like shutdown
init 1
single user mode
init 6
like reboot
reboot
poweroff

copy or move

To copy a file
cp sourcefile targetfile
To copy empty directory
cp sourcedir targetdir
To copy directory with all contents
cp –r sourcedir targetdir
To move file
mv sourcefile targetfile
To move directory
mv sourcdir targetdir

creating links

To link file or directory in same filesystem


ln soucefile/dir targerfile/dir
this is called hard mounting
If you link souce file or dir with another file which is in different file system that is
called soft mounting
ln –s sourcefile/dir targetfile/dir
For help
man command
Pattern search

To seach for a single word in a file


grep word filename
it displays all lines which contains this word
To seach multiple words
egrep word1 | word2 filename
To seach for a text
fgrep text filename

find

searches in current directory for file or directory.

find . –name “<file>/<directory>” –type f/d -print

type options:

b block (buffered) special

c character (unbuffered) special

d directory

p named pipe (FIFO)

f regular file

l symbolic link

to search files exact n th day old from now

find . –name “<file>/<directory>” –mtime n –print

to search files morethan n days old from now.

find . –name “<file>/<directory>” –mtime +n –print

to search files from n days old from now.


find . –name “<file>/<directory>” –mtime -n –print

for searched files in range( from more than 64 days old to 95 days old)

find . -name "*" -a "(" -mtime +64 -a -mtime -95 ")" -exec ll {} \;

to know files in current directory which are more than 10M size.

find . -type f -size +10M -exec ls -l {} \; (for files)


or

find . -xdev -size +10000000c -exec ls -l {} \; (for files and directories)

`b' for 512-byte blocks (this is the default if no suffix


used)

`c' for bytes

`w' for two-byte words

`k' for Kilobytes (units of 1024 bytes)

`M' for Megabytes (units of 1048576 bytes)

`G' for Gigabytes (units of 1073741824 bytes)

If you want to see if you have any directories with world write permission, use:

find . -type d -perm 777 –print

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