HOMEWORK CHAPTERS 1-4

CHAPTER 1

I/ Multiple choice
1/ In a post office, the mailboxes are numbered from 1 to 4,500. These numbers represent

A/ categorical data
B/ quantitative data
C/ either categorical or quantitative data
D/ since the numbers are sequential, the data is quantitative

2/ On a street, the houses are numbered from 300 to 450. The house numbers are
examples of
A/ categorical data
B/ quantitative data
C/ both quantitative and categorical data
D/ neither quantitative nor categorical data

Exhibit 1-0
Part of the data bank of a corporation is shown below.
Employee Gender Department Years of Employee Yearly
Number Experience Rank (1 - 10) Salary
23450 Male Accounting 15 10 $ 52,443.00
34568 Female IT 24 7 $111,239.00
23123 Female Personnel 20 4 $ 84,473.00
23007 Male Finance 9 1 $ 47,519.00

Refer to Exhibit 1-0, which of the above variables (Gender, Department, Years of
Experience, Employee Rank, Yearly Salary) are categorical and which are quantitative
variables?

Exhibit 1-1:

After graduation ceremonies at a university, six graduates were asked whether they
were in favor of (identified by 1) or against (identified by 0) abortion. Some
information about these graduates is shown below.

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a/ How many elements are in the data set?
b/ How many variables are in the data set?
c/ How many observations are in the data set?
d/ Which of the above variables (Sex, Age, Abortion Issue, Class rank) are categorical
and which are quantitative variables?
e/Are arithmetic operations appropriate for the variable "abortion issue"?

Exhibit 1-2:
A recent issue of Fortune Magazine reported that the following companies had the
lowest sales per employee among the Fortune 500 companies.

a/ How many elements are in the above data set?

b/ How many variables are in the above data set?
c/ How many observations are in the above data set?
d/Name the variables and indicate whether they are categorical or quantitative.

CHAPTER II

1/ Twenty employees of the Ahmadi Corporation were asked if they liked or disliked the
new district manager. Below you are given their responses. Let L represent liked and D
represent disliked.
L L D L D
D D L L D
D L D D L
D D L D L

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a/ Construct a frequency distribution and a bar chart.
b/ Construct a relative frequency distribution and a pie chart.
c/ Comment on the distribution of bar graph.

2/ Forty shoppers were asked if they preferred the weight of a can of soup to be 6 ounces,
8 ounces, or 10 ounces. Below you are given their responses.

a/ Construct a frequency distribution and graphically represent the frequency distribution.

b/ Construct a relative frequency distribution and graphically represent the relative
frequency distribution.
3/ A relative frequency distribution is given

Class Relative frequency

A 0.22
B 0.18
C 0.4
D

a/ What is the relative frequency of class D?

b/ The total sample size is 200. What is the frequency of class D?
c/ Show the frequency and percent distributions.

Chapter – III

4/A doctor’s office staff studied the waiting times for patients who arrive at the office
with a request for emergency service. The following data with waiting times in minutes
were collected over a one-month period.

Use classes of 0–4, 5–9, and so on in the following:

a/ Show the frequency distribution.
b/ Show the relative frequency distribution.
c/ Show the cumulative frequency distribution.

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d/ Show the cumulative relative frequency distribution.
e/ What proportion of patients needing emergency service wait 9 minutes or less?

5/ Consider the following marks obtained by 20 students in a business statistics test:

a/ Construct a stem-and-leaf display for these marks to assess class performance.

b/ Describe the shape of this data set.

6/ Data is the distance (in kilometers) from home to the local supermarket

a/Construct a stem-leaf display. Determine the width of stem and the unit of leaf.

b/ Describe the shape of this data set.

7/The following data set shows the number of hours of sick leave that some of the
employees of Bastien's, Inc. have taken during the first quarter of the year (rounded to the
nearest hour).

a/ Develop a frequency distribution for the above data. (Let the width of your classes be
10 units and start your first class as 10 - 19.)
b/ Develop a relative frequency distribution and a percent frequency distribution for the
data.
c/ Develop a cumulative frequency distribution.
d/ How many employees have taken less than 40 hours of sick leave?
e/ Draw a histogram based on your frequency distribution.
f/ Determine the skewness and describe the shape of this data set.

8/ Suppose 30 students in a statistics class took a test and made the following
scores:

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a/ Determine the mean, 80th percentiles, 40th percentiles, quartiles, and variance.
b/ Draw a stem-leaf plot.
c/ Construct a frequency distribution, relative distribution and percent distribution.
d/ Draw a histogram.
e/ Determine the skewness and describe the shape of this data set.
f/ Draw a boxplot.

9/ A researcher has obtained the number of hours worked per week during the summer for
a sample of fifteen students.

Using this data set, compute the

a/ median and explain its meaning.

b/ mean and variance.
c/ mode and explain its meaning.
d/ 40th percentile and explain its meaning.

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 REVIEW Chapter 2-3
Problem 1: Twenty-four patrons at a baseball game were observed in
order to determine how many hot dogs each of them ate during the
game. The following table contains the data:

4 2 1 2 1 0
2 2 2 3 0 3
3 4 1 4 6 1
6 0 0 2 3 2

a/ Construct a frequency distribution table and percent frequency table for these data using
single-valued classes.
b/ Draw a bar graph based on the frequency disribution.
c/ What is the percentage of patrons who ate fewer than 4 hot dogs?

Problem 2: The following data show the annual base salary ($1000s) for
superintendents in 20 districts in the greater Rochester, New York, area
(The Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, February 10, 2008).

187 184 174 185

175 172 202 197
165 208 215 164
162 172 182 156
172 175 170 183

a/ Compute sample mean and sample variance.

b/ Draw a stem-leaf plot. Which class has the most values?

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 c/ Determine Q1 (provide the ordered data); Q2; and Q3 and explain their
meaning.
d/ Does the data have any outlier(s). If yes, lists outlier(s). Draw a boxplot.
e/ Develope a frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution using
classes of 150–160, 160–170, and so on.
g/ Develop a histogram for the frequency distribution in part e.
h/ What percentage of the superintendents make more than $200,000?
i/ Compute skewness and describe the shape of distribution of the data.
k/ Based on the frequency distribution in part e/, recompute sample mean and
sample variance.

Problem 3: The following stem-and-leaf display is prepared for the number of hours
that 25 students spent working on computers during the past month.

Given that key: 8|5 = 85.

a/ Determine sample mean and sample variance.
b/ Determine Q1; Q2; Q3. Explain the meaning of the value of Q3.
c/ Does the data contain outlier(s)? Draw a boxplot. Describe the shape of
distribution of data.
d/ Draw a histogram using classes [0; 20); [20; 40), so on.

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Chapter 4

1/ A sample space, yeilds four simple events, A, B, C, D, such that P(A) = 0.35, P(B) =
0.1, and P(C) =0.25.
a/ Find P(D).
b/ Find ( P (C ) .
c/ Find P( ( A  B ) .

2/ Let P(A) = 0.65; P(B) = 0.3; and P(A|B) = 0.45.

a/ Compute P( A and B).
b/ Compute P (A or B).
c/ Compute P(B|A).

3/ Let P(A) = 0.55; P(B) = 0.3; and P(A and B) = 0.1.

a/ Compute P(A |B).

b/ Compute P( A or B)
P  A  B  
C
c/ Compute
 
4/ Let P(A) = 0.65, P(B) = 0.3, and P(A|B) = 0.45.

a/ Are A and B independent events? Explain.

b/ Are A nd B mutually exclusive events? Explain.
c/ What is the probability that neither A nor B takes place?

5/ Let A nd B be mutually exclusive with P(A) = 0.25 and P(B) = 0.3.

a/ compute P ( A  B ) .
b/ Compute P ( A  B ) .
c/ Compute P(A|B).

6/ Use the table below to calculate the following probabilities. Label each event.

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a/ Find the probability of randomly selecting a left-handed person given that they are a
woman. ANS: 5/16.

b/ Find the probability of randomly selecting a woman given that they are left-handed.
ANS. 5/8.

7/ The probability of passing the exam is 0.50 for John and 0.80 for Linda. The prospect
of John’s passing the exam is completely unrelated to Linda’s success on the exam.

a/ What is the probability that both John and Linda pass the exam?o.4.
b/ What is the probability that at least one of them passes the exam?0.9

8/ Anthony feels that he has a 75% chance of getting an A in Statistics and a 55% chance
of getting an A in Managerial Economics. He also believes he has a 40% chance of
getting an A in both classes.

a/ What is the probability that he gets an A in at least one of these courses?ANS: 0.9.
b/ What is the probability that he does not get an A in either of these courses? ANS: 0.1

9/ Samantha Greene, a college senior, contemplates her future immediately after

graduation. She thinks there is a 25% chance that she will join the Peace Corps and teach
English in Madagascar for the next few years. Alternatively, she believes there is a 35%
chance that she will enroll in a full-time law school program in the United States.

a/ What is the probability that she joins the Peace Corps or enrolls in law school?ANS:0.6
b/ What is the probability that she does not choose either of these options? 0.4

10/ Suppose that for a given year there is a 2% chance that your desktop computer will
crash and a 6% chance that your laptop computer will crash. Moreover, there is a 0.12%
chance that both computers will crash.

Is the reliability of the two computers independent of each other?

We have P(A1 and A2) = 0.0012

11/ A stockbroker knows from past experience that the probability that a client owns
stocks is 0.60 and the probability that a client owns bonds is 0.50. The probability that
the client owns bonds if he/she already owns stocks is 0.55.

a/ What is the probability that the client owns both of these securities?0.33.
b/ Given that the client owns bonds, what is the probability that the client owns
stocks?0.06

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12/ Suppose that a card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 playing cards. Label
each event.
a/ Find the probability of drawing a black card. ANS: 1/2
b/ Find the probability of drawing an ace. ANS: 1/3.
c/ Find the probability of drawing a black ace card. ANS: 2/52.
d/ Find the probability of drawing a black card given that it is an ace. ANS: 1/2
e/ Find the probability of drawing an ace given that it is a black card. ANS: 1/13

13/ Suppose there are 9 fuses (6 good, 3 defective). The fuses are tested one-on-one,
without replacement. Label each event.
a/ Find the probability of selecting a defective fuse on the first try and a defective fuse on
the second try. ANS: 1/12
b/ Find the probability of selecting a good fuse on the first try and a defective fuse on the
second try. ANS:1/4

14/ Two cards are drawn successively and without replacement from an ordinary
deck of playing cards. Compute the probability of drawing
a/ two hearts. ANS: 1/17.
b/ a heart on the first draw and a club on the second draw. ANS: 13/204

15/ Assume you have applied to two different universities (let's refer to them as
Universities A and B) for your graduate work. In the past, 25% of students (with similar
credentials as yours) who applied to University A were accepted, while University B
accepted 35% of the applicants. Assume events are independent of each other.
a/ What is the probability that you will be accepted to both universities?
b/ What is the probability that you will be accepted to at least one graduate program?
c/ What is the probability that one and only one of the universities.

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16/ In a recent survey about appliance ownership, 58.3% of the respondents indicated that
they own Maytag appliances, while 23.9% indicated they own both Maytag and GE
appliances and 70.7% said they own at least one of the two appliances.
Define the events as
M = Owning a Maytag appliance
G = Owning a GE appliance
a/ What is the probability that a respondent owns a GE appliance?
b/ Given that a respondent owns a Maytag appliance, what is the probability that the
respondent also owns a GE appliance?
c/ Are events "M" and "G" mutually exclusive? Why or why not? Explain, using
probabilities.
d/ Are the two events "M" and "G" independent? Explain, using probabilities.
ANS:
a/0.363
b/ 0.4099
c/No, the intersection is 0.239 and not zero
d/ No, p(GM) = 0.4099 which is not equal to p(G) = 0.363

17/ A machine is used in a production process. From past data, it is known that 97% of the
time the machine is set up correctly. Furthermore, it is known that if the machine is set up
correctly, it produces 95% acceptable (non-defective) items. However, when it is set up
incorrectly, it produces only 40% acceptable items.

a/ An item from the production line is selected. What is the probability that the selected
item is non-defective?

b/ Given that the selected item is non-defective, what is the probability that the machine is
set up correctly?

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18/ Assume that a factory has two machines. Past records show that machine 1 produces
30% perof the items of output and machine 2 produces 70 per cent of the items. Further, 5
per cent of 12 the items produced by machine 1 were defective and only 1 per cent produced
by machine 2 were defective. An item is drawn at random.

a/ What is the probability that the item is defective. ANS: 0.22

b/ What is the probability that the defective item was produced by machine 1 or machine
2? 0.682 and 0.318.

19/ In a recent survey in a Statistics class, it was determined that only 60% of the students
attend class on Fridays. From past data it was noted that 98% of those who went to class
on Fridays pass the course, while only 20% of those who did not go to class on Fridays
passed the course.
a/ What percentage of students is expected to pass the course?
b/ Given that a person passes the course, what is the probability that he/she attended
classes on Fridays?
ANS: 66.8% and 0.88.

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