Science Fair

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Lael Xhumari, Igor Gurashi, Anais Sinani, Majva Suci

Science fair
Summative Assessment
Mirjeta Zymeri

DIY Taser - Lael

Description
First you get the battery holders and you glue them together. In those holders you put your 4
batteries. You glue their backs together with a hot glue gun. Then you take the wires and glue
them to the side of the battery modules with the end of them coming out of the other end. At the
other end of the taser you glue the taser module. The wires that come with the module you glue
them to the side of the battery holders as you did with the other wires and you connect them with
the ones that come out of the batteries. With one of the wires from the taser module you solder a
button to it. Then you glue this button to the taser module. Then you solder the extra wires from
the taser module that are also connected to the batteries with the button so when you press the
button the taser works. The top two wires on the top of the taser put them really close together.

Overview
A taser is an electric device used to apprehend criminals. This is usually used by police officers
in the form of a gun so you can shoot it from a distance. A taser uses electrical current that is
emitted to a person when it touches the skin to incapacitate the person. There are many forms a
taser can take. For example it can be a baton that you hit people with and electrify them, it can be
in the form of a gun which you shoot, and also it can be in the form of a typical taser which is a
block with two metal tips at the top which you conduct electricity.

Materials needed
● Taser Module
● Battery Holders
● Soldering
● Iron Kit
● Hot glue gun
● Tape
● Two small nails
● x4 AA Batteries

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=BzRA-UhvmBI

Windmill - Anais
Hypothesis:
If the bottle falls down than electricity will be produced

Controlled Variable: Wind turbine blade size,

Independent Variable: Wind speed,

Dependent Variable: Amount of electricity produced

Video:
“How to Make Working Model of a Wind Turbine from Cardboard School Science Project | DIY

Pandit.” Www.youtube.com, www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY756NIuxQI. Accessed 24

Apr. 2024.

Description:
To create a windmill you need tubes to put together in the shape of an h.. Attach a stick in the
middle, this will be the body of the windmill. Get a connected tube with three sides one to attach
it to the body. Put a stick inside and on one side stick a water bottle cap. Get four more sticks and
stick a piece of cardboard cut into rectangles. Take a small water bottle and fill it with water,
bend the paper clip into a hook and the other end into the water bottle's cap. Stick a ribbon to the
axle and hook. Far away to not hit the windmill. Make sure it swings freely.

Materials:
● 7 plastic sticks
● 4 attachers
● 4 pieces of cardboard
● Small plastic bottle
● Ribbon
● 5 sticks(wood)
● Bottle ccap
● Paperclip

Website:

“Wind Turbine Power Lifter.” Exploratorium, 6 Dec. 2021,

www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/wind-turbine-power-lifter.

Saltwater Circuit - Majva

Video:

“Saltwater Circuit.” Www.youtube.com, www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4YWp6mhh_E&t=1s

Accessed 23 Apr. 2024.


Materials:

● 2 large, wooden Popsicle sticks (available at craft stores)


● 4 pieces insulated copper wire, each 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) long
● 3 plastic cups, 16 ounce (473 ml) size
● 2 plastic spoons
● 9-volt battery
● battery cap, usually with red and black wire leads (available at hardware stores)
● 3.7 volt light bulb (available at hardware stores)
● 1 miniature light bulb socket (available at hardware stores; use with the 3.7 volt light
bulb)
● eye protection

Description:
A saltwater circuit consists of a battery, light bulb, light bulb socket, wire, and 2 electrodes.
When electrodes are touched together and the battery is connected we have a closed circuit and
the electrons flow from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal of it. That
flow causes the light bulb to light up. When the electrodes are not touching each other the circuit
is open and electrons do not flow which is called an open circuit.
Independent variables- the amount of salt water you pour into the bowl won't change the
experiment.
Dependent variables- the volt of the batteries because otherwise it will not work since the
cables are going to go through the water.
Hypothesis- If the volt of the batteries will be higher than 10 volt and the light bulb will be 5.5
volt the bulb will light up by 35%.
Controlled variable- The light bulb is something that will never change.
Igor: Elephant Toothpaste

Hypothesis: If the amount of acid we pour has a higher concentration then 25% then the
explosion will occur in a bigger amount and it will go higher.

Independent Variable: the amount of acid we pour

Dependent Variable: the height that the elephant toothpaste travels

Controlled Variable: The amount of hydrogen peroxide that is poured into the experiment is
something that would never change.

Description Elephant toothpaste is simply a reaction of a rapid decomposition of hydrogen


peroxide(H 2O 2) using potassium iodide (KI) or yeast reacting to warm water. After they are
mixed together they rapidly start reacting making a big foamy substance that quickly will rise
from its originating container, will start spilling out then eventually inflate until it stops. The
experiment can take place if we use hydrogen peroxide or yeast reacting to warm water though it
is known for the hydrogen peroxide with a 35% concentration to get a decently big explosion or
reaction.

Source: YouTube, YouTube, www.youtube.com/. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

Formula Of The Elephant Toothpaste: 2H2O2 (aq) -> 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)

1. A clean 1l plastic soda bottle.


2. 1/2 cup 35% -volume hydrogen peroxide liquid
3. 1 Tablespoon (one packet) of dry yeast.
4. 3 Tablespoons of warm water.
5. Liquid dishwashing soap.
6. Food coloring.
7. Small cup.
8. Safety goggles.

Science Fair:

Elephant Toothpaste:
The hydrogen peroxide is an antiseptic used to clean cuts and scrapes which it does by
eliminating bacteria. It is a liquid that is produced by hydrogen and oxygen atoms( its chemical
formula is H2O2). When it is broken down it turns into oxygen (02) and water (H2O). Normally
this breakdown happens very slowly but we can increase the speed of the reaction by the addition
of a catalyst like yeast. A catalyst is a substance that increases the speed of a chemical reaction
occurring without itself undergoing any permanent change. The oxygen gas forms bubbles that
would pop quickly on their own but adding some dish soap provides additional surface tension
and creates the foam.

Hypothesis:
If a different catalyst is added. Then the time of the chemical reaction would be increased by a
different rate.

Chosen
Title: Elephant Toothpaste
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e4WeDAzoGBM&ab_channel=FlinnScientific

Materials:
● Beaker
● Dry Yeast
● Warm Water
● Liquid Dish Soap
● Hydrogen Peroxide (30%)
● Measuring Cups
● Measuring Spoons
● Safety Glasses
● Inflatable Pool
● Liquid Food Coloring

Steps:
- Measure half a cup of hydrogen peroxide and carefully pour it into the beaker.
- Add a big squirt of dish soap into the beaker and swirl gently to mix.
- Then add a few drops of food coloring directly into the hydrogen peroxide and swirl the
bottle gently to mix.
- In a measuring cup mix together one tablespoon of yeast and three tablespoons of warm
water.
- Stir for about 30 seconds.
- Pour the yeast mixture into the beaker.
- Once the yeast is poured into the bottle it is time to step back and watch the reaction
occur.

Safety procedures: Hydrogen peroxide at 30% is a very strong oxidizing agent. It is corrosive to
clothing and will cause burns, if in contact with human skin. Use protective equipment such as
gloves, chemical splash, goggles and lab coats to avoid contact.

Time requirements:
- Preparation 30 minutes
- Demonstration 20 minutes

Time:
The time that this experiment, if using normal measures this experiment would take
around 2 - 3 minutes for it to react. The usual concentration of hydrogen peroxide can be around
15%. Though the experiment will not have a large amount of foam, and the explosion or the
pressure that the foam will go out is will be less, then the 35% concentrated hydrogen peroxide.
The chemical reaction that takes part in this experiment is marked as:
2H2O2 (aq) -> 2H2O (l) + O2 (g).

Normally the higher the concentration is the faster that the experiment will take place,
10% hydrogen peroxide usually reacts within 5 minutes. Though the experiment with 30%
hydrogen peroxide will take part in a maximum of 1 minute.

The catalyst of this experiment is potassium iodine or (KI)

The steam is simply a result of hydrogen peroxide decomposing into water and oxygen gas. This
leads to the evaporation of the water, which is seen as steam.

Conclusion:

In conclusion the experiment, of creating elephant toothpaste, is a showcase of how fast


hydrogen peroxide can decompose. By mixing hydrogen peroxide with the right catalyst which is
potassium iodine. This would result in the release of oxygen gas, which pushes out all the foam
from the beaker. Once the foam hits the ground it is met with normalized O2 (Oxygen) the foam
starts to increase its size and it gets “Inflated.” During this experiment we saw chemical kinetics
in action. The reason for this is because it works, in a rapid way. So this is the perfect showcase
of these principles. This experiment is also something that is fun, and easy to do, though it has a
small amount of danger in it, depending on how high the concentration is. The reason behind this
is because that foam is very high in temperature, being that it goes out of the container at a very
high speed, it is most likely for it to have direct contact with the human skin which can lead to
rashes. This is the reason why when conducting this experiment things such as safety glasses and
a lab coat are necessary.
Poster:

Left:

Center:
Right:

MLA Sources:

bob, science. “The Elephant’s Toothpaste Experiment - ScienceBob.com.” ScienceBob.com, 16

Jan. 2016, sciencebob.com/fantastic-foamy-fountain/.

“Elephant’s Toothpaste.” Www.imaginationstationtoledo.org,

www.imaginationstationtoledo.org/education/diy-activities/elephant-s-toothpaste#:~:text

=The%20sodium%20iodide%20reacts%20with.

Finio, Ben. “Make Elephant Toothpaste.” Scientific American, 1 Aug. 2019,

www.scientificamerican.com/article/make-elephant-toothpaste/.
https://www.facebook.com/thoughtcodotcom. “How to Make Elephant Toothpaste (Chemistry

Demonstration).” ThoughtCo, 2019,

www.thoughtco.com/elephant-toothpaste-chemistry-demonstration-604250.

Science Buddies. “Elephant Toothpaste.” Science Buddies, Science Buddies, May 2019,

www.sciencebuddies.org/stem-activities/elephant-toothpaste.

Children's Museum Team. “Elephant Toothpaste Science Experiment.” Children’s Museum of

Sonoma County, 1 May 2020, www.cmosc.org/elephant-toothpaste-science-experiment/.

“Elephant Toothpaste.” Cool Science Experiments Headquarters, 22 Sept. 2015,

coolscienceexperimentshq.com/elephant-toothpaste/.

“Elephant’s Toothpaste.” Www.imaginationstationtoledo.org,

www.imaginationstationtoledo.org/education/diy-activities/elephant-s-toothpaste.

Sarathy, Shreya. “How to Make Elephant Toothpaste.” ChemTalk, 25 Sept. 2021,

chemistrytalk.org/make-elephant-toothpaste/.

Sreehari, Dr Soumya. “Elephant Toothpaste - the Chemistry.” Blog It with KudumsTM, 20 Mar.

2021, blog.numbernagar.com/2021/03/20/elephant-toothpaste-the-chemistry/.

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