1.
Class Declaration:
A Java program starts with the declaration of a class. A class is a blueprint for creating objects. The class
declaration includes the class name, access modifier, and body.
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1public class MyClass {
2 // class body
3}
2. Main Method:
The main method is the entry point of a Java program. It must be declared with
the public and static modifiers, and it must return void.
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1public static void main(String[] args) {
2 // code to be executed
3}
3. Variables:
Variables are used to store data in a Java program. They can be declared using a data type followed by a
variable name.
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1int myNum; // declares an integer variable
2double myDouble = 5.5; // declares and initializes a double variable
4. Data Types:
Java has several data types, including:
Primitive types: byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean
Reference types: String, Object, Array
5. Operators:
Java supports several operators, including:
Arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, %
Relational operators: <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=
Logical operators: &&, ||, !
Bitwise operators: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>, >>>
Assignment operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |=
6. Control Structures:
Java supports several control structures, including:
Conditional statements: if, else, switch, case
Loops: for, while, do-while
Jump statements: break, continue, return
7. Methods:
Methods are used to perform specific tasks in a Java program. They can be declared with a name, return
type, and parameters.
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1public int add(int a, int b) {
2 return a + b;
3}
8. Objects and Classes:
Objects are instances of a class. They can be created using the new keyword.
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1MyClass myObject = new MyClass();
9. Inheritance:
Java supports inheritance, which allows a class to inherit the properties and methods of another class.
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1public class MyClass extends MySuperClass {
2 // class body
3}
10. Interfaces:
Interfaces are used to define a contract for a class. They can be implemented using
the implements keyword.
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1public class MyClass implements MyInterface {
2 // class body
3}
11. Exceptions:
Java supports exception handling, which allows a program to handle errors and exceptions.
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1try {
2 // code that might throw an exception
3} catch (Exception e) {
4 // code to handle the exception
5} finally {
6 // code to be executed whether an exception is thrown or not
7}
12. Packages:
Packages are used to organize related classes and interfaces into a single unit.
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1package mypackage;
13. Import Statements:
Import statements are used to include classes and interfaces from other packages.
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1import java.util.ArrayList;
14. Comments:
Comments are used to add notes and explanations to a Java program.
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1// single-line comment
2/* multi-line
3comment */
