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Lecture 1

The document discusses fundamentals of multimedia including definitions, history, components, and software tools. It defines multimedia as involving multiple modalities such as text, audio, images, and video. It also discusses the history of multimedia from early technologies to the World Wide Web. It describes components of multimedia and provides examples of applications. It outlines several software tools for tasks like digital audio, graphics editing, video editing, and animation.

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ralfaryw
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Lecture 1

The document discusses fundamentals of multimedia including definitions, history, components, and software tools. It defines multimedia as involving multiple modalities such as text, audio, images, and video. It also discusses the history of multimedia from early technologies to the World Wide Web. It describes components of multimedia and provides examples of applications. It outlines several software tools for tasks like digital audio, graphics editing, video editing, and animation.

Uploaded by

ralfaryw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Multimedia

Lecture 1:
Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations
Lecture content
 what multimedia is.
 overview of multimedia software tools,
such as video editors and digital audio
programs

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1.1 The term “multimedia “.

 applications that use multiple modalities,


including text, images, drawings (graphics),
animation, video, sound including speech,
and interactivity.

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1.1 Multimedia and Computer
Science

 Graphics, HCI, visualization, computer


vision, data compression, graph theory,
networking, database systems --- all have
important contributions to make in
multimedia at the present time.

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Components of Multimedia

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 Multimedia involves multiple modalities of
text, audio, images, drawings, animation,
and video.
 Examples of how these modalities are put
to use:
1.Video teleconferencing.
2. Distributed lectures for higher education.
3. Tele-medicine.
4. Co-operative work environments.

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5. Searching in (very) large video and image
databases for target visual objects.
6. " Augmented" reality: placing real-
appearing computer graphics and video
objects into scenes.
7. Including audio cues for where video-
conference participants are located.
8. Building searchable features into new
video, and enabling very high- to very
low-bit-rate use of new, scalable
multimedia products.
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9. Making multimedia components editable.
10. Building "inverse-Hollywood"
applications that can recreate the process
by which a video was made.
11. Using voice-recognition to build an
interactive environment, say a kitchen-wall
web browser.

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1.2 Multimedia and Hypermedia

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History of Multimedia:
1. Newspaper: perhaps the first mass
communication medium, uses text, graphics, and
images.
2. Motion pictures: conceived of in 1830's in
order to observe motion too rapid for
perception by the human eye.
3. Wireless radio transmission: Guglielmo
Marconi, at Pontecchio, Italy, in 1895.
4. Television: the new medium for the 20th
century, established video as a commonly
available medium and has since changed the
world of mass communications.
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History of Multimedia:
5. The connection between computers and
ideas about multimedia covers what is actually
only a short period:
 1945 - Vannevar Bush wrote a landmark article
describing what amounts to a hypermedia
system called Memex.
 1960 -Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext.
 2000 - WWW size was estimated at over 1
billion pages.

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 A hypertext system: meant to be read nonlinearly, by
 following links that point to other parts of the document,
 or to other documents

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Hypermedia and Multimedia
 A hypertext system: meant to be read
nonlinearly, by following links that point to other
parts of the document, or to other documents
 HyperMedia: not constrained to be text-based,
can include other media, e.g., graphics, images, and
especially the continuous media | sound and
video.
◦ The World Wide Web (WWW) | the best example of a
hypermedia application.
 Multimedia means that computer information
can be represented through audio, graphics,
images, video, and animation in addition to
traditional media.

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SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia
Integration Language)

 SMIL: pronounced "smile“ -- a particular


application of XML (globally predefined DTD ”
Document Type Definition”) that allows for
specification of interaction among any media
types and user input, in a temporally scripted
manner.

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SMIL
 Purpose of SMIL: it is also desirable to be able
to publish multimedia presentations using a
markup language.
 A multimedia markup language needs to enable
scheduling and synchronization of different
multimedia elements, and define their
interactivity with the user.
 SMIL 2.0 is specified in XML using a
modularization approach similar to the one
used in xhtml:

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SMIL
 Basic elements of SMIL as shown in the following
example:

<!DOCTYPE smil PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SMIL 2.0"


"http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/SMIL20.dtd">
<smil xlmns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language">
<head> <meta name="Author" content="Some Professor" />
</head> <body> <par id="MakingOfABook">
<seq> <video src="authorview.mpg" />
<img src="onagoodday.jpg" />
</seq>
<audio src="authorview.wav" />
<text src="http://www.cs.sfu.ca/mmbook/" />
</par> </body> </smil>

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1.3 Overview of Multimedia Software
Tools
 software tools available for carrying out tasks in
multimedia are:
1. Music Sequencing and Notation
2. Digital Audio
3. Graphics and Image Editing
4.Video Editing
5. Animation
6. Multimedia Authoring

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1.Music Sequencing and Notation
 Cakewalk: now called Pro Audio.
- The term sequencer comes from older devices that stored
sequences of notes ("events", in MIDI [Musical
Instrument Digital Interface]).
- It is also possible to insert WAV files and Windows MCI
commands (for animation and video) into music tracks (MCI
is a ubiquitous component of the Windows API.)
 Cubase: another sequencing/editing program, with capabilities
similar to those of Cakewalk. It includes some digital audio
editing tools.
 Macromedia Soundedit: mature program for creating
audio for multimedia projects and the web that integrates
well with other Macromedia products such as Flash and
Director.
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2.Digital Audio
 tools deal with accessing and editing the actual sampled
sounds that make up audio:
- Adobe Audition (formerly Cool Edit) is a powerful,
popular digital audio toolkit that emulate a professional
audio studio, including multitrack productions and sound file
editing, along with digital signal processing effects.
- Sound Forge Like Audition, Sound Forge is a sophisticated
PC-based program for editing WAV files.
 Pro Tools: a high-end integrated audio production and
editing environment . It offers MIDI creation and
manipulation; powerful audio mixing, recording, and editing
software.

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3. Graphics and Image Editing
 Adobe Illustrator: a powerful publishing tool from Adobe.
Uses vector graphics; graphics can be exported to Web.
 Adobe Photoshop: the standard in a graphics, image
processing and manipulation tool.
◦ Allows layers of images, graphics, and text that can be separately
manipulated for maximum flexibility.
◦ Filter factory permits creation of sophisticated lighting-effects filters
 Macromedia Fireworks: software for making graphics
specifically for the web.
 Macromedia Freehand: a text and web graphics editing
tool that supports many bitmap formats such as GIF, PNG, and
JPEG.

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4.Video Editing
 Adobe Premiere: an intuitive, simple video editing tool for
nonlinear editing, i.e., putting video clips into any order:
- Video and audio are arranged in "tracks".
- Provides a large number of video and audio tracks, super-
impositions and virtual clips.
- A large library of built-in transitions, filters and motions for
clips => effective multimedia productions with little effort.

 Adobe After Effects: a powerful video editing tool that


enables users to add and change existing movies. Can add
many effects: lighting, shadows, motion blurring; layers.

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4.Video Editing
 Final Cut Pro: a video editing tool by Apple; Macintosh
only.
 CyberLink PowerDirector: PowerDirector produced
by CyberLink Corp.
◦ is by far the most popular nonlinear video editing software.
◦ It provides a rich selection of audio and video features and special
effects
◦ easy to use.
◦ It supports all modern video formats (AVCHD 2.0, 4K Ultra HD, and
3D video)
◦ It supports 64-bit video processing
◦ it is not as “programmable” as Premiere.

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5. Animation
 Multimedia APIs:
- Java3D: API used by Java to construct and render 3D
graphics, similar to the way in which the Java Media
Framework is used for handling media files.
1. Provides a basic set of object primitives (cube,
splines, etc.) for building scenes.
2. It is an abstraction layer built on top of
OpenGL or DirectX (the user can select which).

 DirectX : Windows API that supports video, images, audio


and 3-D animation
 OpenGL: the highly portable, most popular 3-D API.

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5. Animation
 Animation Software (Rendering Tools):

- 3D Studio Max: rendering tool that includes a number of


very high-end professional tools for character animation, game
development, and visual effects production.
 Softimage XSI: a powerful modeling, animation, and
rendering package used for animation and special effects in films
and games.
 Maya: competing product to Softimage; as well, it is a complete
modeling package.
 RenderMan: rendering package created by Pixar.

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5. Animation
 GIF Animation Packages :

- simpler approach to animation, allows very quick


development of effective small animations for the web.

- GIFs can contain several images, and looping through them


creates a simple animation.

- Linux also provides some simple animation tools, such as


animate.

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6. Multimedia Authoring
 Tools that provide the capability for creating a complete
multimedia presentation, including interactive user control, are
called authoring programs.

- Macromedia Flash: allows users to create interactive


movies by using the score metaphor, i.e., a timeline arranged in
parallel event sequences.

- Macromedia Director: uses a movie metaphor to create


interactive presentations. It is very powerful and includes a
built in scripting language, Lingo, that allows creation of
complex interactive movies.

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6. Multimedia Authoring
- Authorware: a mature, well-supported authoring product
based on the Iconic/Flow-control metaphor.

- Quest: similar to Authorware in many ways, uses a type of


flowcharting metaphor. However, the flowchart nodes can
encapsulate information in a more abstract way (called
frames) than simply subroutine levels.

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