OBSERVATION AND RESULTS

This study was carried out on 400 eyes of 200 patients of different age groups,
who attended the eye OPD. Depending on the age, they were randomly divided into two
groups:

1. Group A: included patients of 10–25 years of age.

2. Group B: included patients of 26–40 years of age.

Group A: This group is 10 to 25 years of patient’s age, this is a teenager to adult

patient’s group, in this group I observed, and teenager patient was getting measure
changes in anterior chamber depth, axial length and refractive errors with growing age.
And these changes were significant.
Group B: This group is 26 to 40 years of patient’s age; this is an only adult
patient’s age group, in this group I observed in adult patient’s anatomical changes of eyes
(anterior chamber depth, axial length and refractive errors) was not significantly.

Out of 400 eyes, 46.25% were of males and 53.75% were of females. 268 (67%)
eyes were in group A and 132 (33%) eyes were group B. In group A 105 (56.76%) eyes
were of females and 163 (75.81%) eyes were of males. While in group B, 80 eyes
(43.24%) were of females and 52 eyes (24.19%) were of males.

Sex Ratio & Age Groups

80% 75.81%
% OF TOTAL NO OF PATIENTS

70%
56.76%
60%
50% 43.24%
40%
30% 24.19%
20%
10%
0%
F M
Sex

Group A Group B

Fig.11, Distribution of sex ratio and age groups

25
 Out of 400 eyes, 27(6.75%) eyes were emmetropic, 96(24.00%) eyes were
hypermetropic and 277(69.25%) eyes were myopic.

Out of 27(6.75%), emmetropic eyes, 9(4.86%) eyes were females and 18(8.37%)
were males.

Out of 96 (24%), hypermetropic eyes, 57 (30.81%) eyes were females and

39(18.14%) eyes were males.

Out of 277(69.25%), myopic eyes, 119 (64.32%) eyes were females and 158
(73.49%) eyes were males.

TABLE-1, SEX RATIO AND REFRACTIVE ERRORS

Refractive Errors
Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic Total P value
F 9 (4.86%) 57 (30.81%) 119 (64.32%) 185(100.00%)
Sex
0.008
M 18 (8.37%) 39 (18.14%) 158 (73.49%) 215(100.00%)

27 (6.75%) 96 (24.00%) 277(69.25%) 400(100.00%)

Total

Sex Ratio & Ref. Error in Groups

80% 73.49%
% of total no of patients

70% 64.32%
60%
50%
40% 30.81%
30%
18.14%
20%
8.37%
10% 4.86%
0%
F M
Sex

Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Fig.12, Distribution of sex ratio and refractive errors in group

26
SEX RATIO AND DISTRIBUTION OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS:

The total emmetropic eyes were 27(6.75%). In this data, 9(4.86%) eyes were
female and 18(8.37%) were male.

The total hypermetropic eyes were 96(24.00%). In this data, 57(30.81%) eyes
female and 39(18.14%) eyes were male.

And the total myopic eyes were 277(69.25%). In this data, 119(64.32%) eyes
were female and 158(73.49%) eyes were male.

SUMMERY OF THE GROUPS:

GROUP – A

In this is group I have include 10 to 25 years of age patients and 268 eyes were
observed in group A, and 132 eyes in group B. Out of 268 (67%) eyes the emetropic were
22 (5.5%), 39(9.75%) eyes were hypermetropic and 207 (51.75%) were myopic.

The median of age for group A was 16 years and mean ± Stdev was 16.02 ± 4.23.
The spherical equivalent was -2.50 DS and mean ± Stdev was -1.93 ± 2.43 DS and the
axial length of this group was 23.84 mm and mean ± Stdev was 23.87 ± 1.38 and anterior
chamber depth of this group was 3.82 mm and mean ± Stdev was 3.8 ± 0.29.

Table 2, Summery of group-A

GROUP-A Sample Size Median Mean ±

Stdev
AGE 268 16 16.02 ± 4.23

SPH. EQV. 268 -2.50 -1.93 ± 2.43

AXIAL LENGTH 268 23.84 23.87 ± 1.38

ACD 268 3.82 3.8 ± 0.29

27
GROUP - B

132 eyes were observed in group B, Out of 132 (33%) eyes the emetropic were 5
(1.25%), 57 (14.25%) eyes were hypermetropic and 70 (17.50%) eyes were myopic.

The median of age for group B was 33 years and mean ± Stdev was 32.64 ± 4.29.
The spherical equivalent was -1.00 DS and mean ± Stdev was -0.84 ± 2.24 DS and the
axial length of this group was 23.76 mm and mean ± Stdev was 23.72 ± 1.31 and anterior
chamber depth of this group was 3.64 mm and mean ± Stdev was 3.63 ± 0.45.

Table 3, Summery of group-B

GROUP-B Sample Size Median Mean ± Stdev

AGE 132 33 32.64 ± 4.29

SPH. EQV. 132 -1.00 -0.84 ± 2.24

AXIAL LENGTH 132 23.76 23.72 ± 1.31

ACD 132 3.64 3.63 ± 0.45

EMMETROPIC EYES:
The total emmetropic eyes was included 27 (6.75%) in this study. The median of
the age of emmetropic eyes was 17 years and mean ± Stdev was 19.93 ± 8.33. These eyes
have not any kinds of refractivr error so there was zero (0) spherical equivalent value.
The median of axial length was 23.47 mm and mean ± Stdev was 23.31 ± 0.63 mm, and
the median of Anterior Chamber Depth was 3.67 mm mean ± Stdev was 3.67 ± 0.25.
The p-value was <.0001, and its Strongly significant.

HYPERMETROPIC EYES:
Hypermetropic eyes was included 96 (24%) in this study. The median of the age
of hypermetropic eyes was 28.5 years and mean ± Stdev was 26.25 ± 10.5. These eyes
have small in size so the refractive currecting power was plus +1.25 DS and mean ±

28
Stdev was +1.91 ± 1.49. The median of axial length was 22.22 mm and mean ± Stdev
was 22.18 ± 0.92 mm, and the median of Anterior Chamber Depth was 3.35 mm mean ±
Stdev was 3.34 ± 0.32. The p-value was <.0001, and its strongly significant.

MYOPIC EYES:

Myopic eyes was included 277 (69.25%) in this study. The median of the age of
myopic eyes was 18 years and mean ± Stdev was 20.01 ± 7.73. These eyes have large in
size so the refractive currecting power was minus -2.75 DS and mean ± Stdev was -2.93
± 1.19. The median of axial length was 24.56 mm and mean ± Stdev was 24.44 ± 1.00
mm, and the median of Anterior Chamber Depth was 3.92 mm mean ± Stdev was 3.9 ±
0.26. The p-value was <.0001, and its strongly significant.

Table 4, Summery of Overall Collected Data

Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic P value

Age
Sample size 27 96 277
Mean ± Stdev 19.93 ± 8.33 26.25 ± 10.5 20.01 ± 7.73
<.0001
Median 17 28.5 18
Min-Max 10-40 10-40 10-40
Inter quartile Range 14.000 - 22.250 14.500 - 35.000 14.000 - 26.000
SPH. EQUIVALENT
Sample size 27 96 277
Mean ± Stdev 0±0 1.91 ± 1.49 -2.93 ± 1.19
<.0001
Median 0 1.25 -2.75
Min-Max 0-0 0.25-6 -6--0.25
Inter quartile Range 0.000 - 0.000 1.000 - 2.125 -3.750 - -2.250
AXIAL LENGTH
Sample size 27 96 277
Mean ± Stdev 23.31 ± 0.63 22.18 ± 0.92 24.44 ± 1
<.0001
Median 23.47 22.22 24.56
Min-Max 21.72-24.2 19.11-24.04 22.08-26.87
Inter quartile Range 23.135 - 23.685 21.595 - 22.780 23.640 - 25.238
ACD
Sample size 27 96 277
Mean ± Stdev 3.67 ± 0.25 3.34 ± 0.32 3.9 ± 0.26
<.0001
Median 3.67 3.35 3.92
Min-Max 3-4.04 2.25-4.18 3.12-4.36
Inter quartile Range 3.553 - 3.875 3.195 - 3.500 3.710 - 4.120

29
SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT:

The definition of spherical equivalent is the spherical power whose focal point
coincides on the circle of Least Confusion of a Shero-Cylendrical lens.

A Spherical Equivalent is a set of two numbers that gives you an estimate of a

lens power (or eyes refractive error). It is not the most accurate number for most people
as it does not include the astigmatism component.

The spherical equivalent value is calculated by the addition of the sum of the
sphere power with half of the cylinder power. The Spherical Equivalent is calculated as
follows:

1. The axis is removed: The axis is not part of the calculation for spherical
equivalent at all. It completely disappears.

2. The cylinder is divided by 2; the cylinder power is only present in a particular

direction. In other words, it is only present in half of the lens.

3. The sphere and the 1/2 cylinder are combined: The sphere and the cylinder are
then added together to give you the equivalent sphere.

For example, a spectacle lens power is -3.00 +1.00 x 180, the spherical equivalent
= -3.00D + ½(+1.00D) = -3.00D + 0.50D = -2.50D spherical equivalent.

30
 GROUP-A
OVERALL GROUP-A

Total sample size of group-A was 268 eyes, below mention figure described
whole description of group A.

Table 5, Distribution of Refractive Errors in Group-A

Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic P value

SPH. EQUIVALENT
Sample size 22 39 207
Mean ± Stdev 0±0 2.67 ± 1.88 -3 ± 1.2
<.0001
Median 0 2.5 -3
Min-Max 0-0 0.25-5.75 -6--0.25
Inter quartile Range 0.000 - 0.000 1.000 - 4.375 -3.750 - -2.250
AXIAL LENGTH
Sample size 22 39 207
Mean ± Stdev 23.39 ± 0.47 21.64 ± 0.95 24.34 ± 1.04
Median 23.52 21.58 24.32 <.0001
Min-Max 22.12-24.01 19.11-23.51 22.08-26.87
23.180 - 23.500 -
Inter quartile Range 21.150 - 22.195
23.670 25.108
ACD
Sample size 22 39 207
Mean ± Stdev 3.74 ± 0.18 3.43 ± 0.24 3.88 ± 0.25
<.0001
Median 3.8 3.45 3.9
Min-Max 3.44-4.04 2.83-3.91 3.12-4.34
Inter quartile Range 3.590 - 3.880 3.263 - 3.558 3.713 - 4.100

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT IN GROUP-A:

The Overall spherical equivalent for the group A was Emmetropic eyes =0.00,
Hypermetropic eyes +2.67 DS and Myopic were -3.00.

31
 SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
5.00 2.67
4.00
3.00
2.00 0
1.00
MEAN VALUES

0.00
-1.00 -3

-2.00
-3.00
-4.00
-5.00
-6.00 Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Fig.13, Spherical Equivalent in Group-A

OVERALL AXIAL LENGTH OF GROUP-A:

The Overall Axial length of group A was Emmetropic eyes =23.39,

Hypermetropic eyes 21.64 and Myopic 24.34 mm.

AXIAL LENGTH
30.00

25.00

20.00
MEAN VALUES

15.00

23.39 24.34
10.00 21.64

5.00

0.00
Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Fig.14, Axial Length in group-A

32
OVERALL ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH OF GROUP-A:

Overall anterior chamber depth of group A was Emmetropic eyes =3.74,

Hypermetropic eyes 3.43 DS and Myopic -3.88 mm.

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

4.50
4.00
3.50
MEAN VALUES

3.00
2.50
2.00 3.74 3.88
3.43
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Fig.15, Anterior Chamber Depth in group-A

EMMETROPIC EYES
SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT IN EMMETROPIC EYES IN GROUP-A

The total number of emmetropic eyes in this group was 22, the eyes who have not
any type of refractive error called emmetropic eye. These types of eyes have a standard
shape and size (axial length and anterior chamber depth). The refractive error of eye was
zero.

Table 6, Spherical Equivalent of Emmetropic Eyes in Group-A

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT EMMETROPIC

Sample Size 22
Mean ± Stdev 0±0

Median 0

33
 SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
MEAN VALUES
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0 0 0 0 0
0.00
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19yr 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig. 16, Spherical Equivalent of Emmetropic eyes in Group-A.

CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQUIVALENT AND AXIAL LENGTH;

The correlation between spherical equivalent and axial length is showing the
refractive error is not only dependent on a change of axial length of emmetropic
eyes.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and AXIAL

LENGTH
25
24
23
22
AXIAL LENGTH

21
20
19
18
17
16
15
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig.17, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV. & Axial Length of Emmetropic Eyes in Group-A

34
CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQUIVALENT AND ACD:
The correlation between spherical equivalent and anterior chamber depth is showing
the refractive error is not only depending on change in anterior chamber depth of
emmetropic eyes.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

ACD
4.1
4
3.9
3.8
ACD

3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig.18, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & ACD of Emmetropic Eyes in Group-A
CORRELATION BETWEEN AXIAL LENGTH AND ACD:-
Anterior chamber depth and axial length of the emmetropic eyes are proportional
correlated with each other. Those emmetropic eye have higher axial length, they have
higher anterior chamber depth also.

Correlation bw AXIAL LENGTH and ACD

4.1

3.9

3.8
ADC

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4
15 17 19 21 23 25
AXIAL LENGTH

Fig.19, Correlation B/W ACD and Axial length of Emmetropic Eyes in Group-A.

35
 AXIAL LENGTH

AXIAL LENGTH OF EMMETROPIC EYES IN SUBGROP OF GROP A

The total sample size of subgroup 1(10-13yrs) were 06 eyes and subgroup 2(13.1-
16yrs) were 02 eyes, subgroup 3(16.1-19yrs) were 10 eyes, subgroup 4(19.1-22yrs) were 02
eyes and subgroup 5(22.1-25yrs) were 02 eyes.

The Median and Mean ± Stden of axial length of emmetropic eyes in subgroups of
group A, Subgrop 1 was 23.53 and 23.44 ± 0.29; subgroup 2 was 23.62 and 23.62 ± 0.06;
and subgroup 3 was 23.60 and 23.58 ± 0.25; and subgroup 4 was 23.30 and 23.30 ± 0.16;
and subgroup 5 was 22.14 and 22.14 ± 0.03. The p- value was 0.115. The axial length of
emmetropic eyes is increase up to the age of 19 years, and after that it’s not
significantly change.

Table 7, Axial Length of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

AXIAL LENGTH 1)10-13 yr 2)13.1-16 yr 3)16.1-19yr 4)19.1-22 yr 5)22.1-25 yr

Sample size 6 2 10 2 2
Mean ± Stdev 23.44 ± 0.29 23.62 ± 0.06 23.58 ± 0.25 23.3 ± 0.16 22.14 ± 0.03
Median 23.53 23.62 23.6 23.3 22.14

AXIAL LENGTH
24.50

24.00

23.50
MEAN VALUES

23.00

22.50

22.00 23.44 23.62 23.58

23.3
21.50
22.14
21.00

20.50
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig.20, Axial Length of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

36
 ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

ACD OF EMMETROPIC EYES IN SUBGROUP OF GROUP A

The total sample size of subgroup 1(10-13yrs) were 06 eyes and subgroup 2(13.1-
16yrs) were 02 eyes, subgroup 3(16.1-19yrs) were 10 eyes, subgroup 4(19.1-22yrs) were
02 eyes and subgroup 5(22.1-25yrs) were 02 eyes.

The Median and Mean ± Stden of ACD of emmetropic eyes in subgroups of

group A, Subgrop 1 was 3.63 and 3.70 ± 0.19; subgroup 2 was 3.75 and 3.75 ± 0.18; and
subgroup 3 was 3.83 and 3.81 ± 0.16; and subgroup 4 was 3.74 and 3.74 ± 0.18; and
subgroup 5 was 3.50 and 3.0 ± 0.06. The p- value was 0.219. The ACD of emetropic
eyes is increase upto the age of 19 years, and after that it’s not significantly change.

Table 8, ACD of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

ACD 1)10-13 yr 2)13.1-16 yr 3)16.1-19yr 4)19.1-22 yr 5)22.1-25 yr

Sample size 6 2 10 2 2
Mean ± Stdev 3.7 ± 0.19 3.75 ± 0.18 3.81 ± 0.16 3.74 ± 0.18 3.5 ± 0.06
Median 3.63 3.75 3.83 3.74 3.5

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

3.90

3.80

3.70
MEAN VALUES

3.60

3.50 3.81
3.75 3.74
3.7
3.40
3.5
3.30

3.20
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig.21, ACD of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

37
 HYPERMETROPIC

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT IN HYPEMETROPIC EYES IN GROUP-A

The total number of hypermetropic eyes in group A was 39. The spherical
equivalent of hypermetropic eyes was +2.50 DS, and mean standard deviation was +2.67
± 1.88 Diopter.

Table 9, Spherical Equivalent of Hypermetropic Eyes in Group-A

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT HYPERMETROPIC

Sample Size 39

Mean ± Stdev +2.67 ± 1.88

Median +2.50

SPH. EQV. OF HYPERMETROPIC EYES IN SUBGROUPS OF GROUP-A

The subgroup of group A, the total sample size of subgroup 1(10-13yrs) were 18
eyes and subgroup 2(13.1-16yrs) were 09 eyes, subgroup 3(16.1-19yrs) were 08 eyes,
subgroup 4(19.1-22yrs) were 02 eyes and subgroup 5(22.1-25yrs) were 02 eyes.

The Median and Mean ± Stden of subgroups of group A, Subgrop 1 was + 3.25
DS and 3.24 ± 1.88; subgroup 2 was = 1.75 and 2.22 ± 1.73; and subgroup 3 was + 2.75
and 3.06 ± 1.66; and subgroup 4 was + 0.38 and 0.38 ± 0.18; and subgroup 5 was + 0.25
and 0.25 ± 0. After the age of 19 years it’s not significantly change.

38
 Table 10, Spherical Equivalent of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

SPH.
1)10-13 yr 2)13.1-16 yr 3)16.1-19yr 4)19.1-22 yr 5)22.1-25 yr
EQUIVALENT

Sample size 18 9 8 2 2

Mean ± Stdev 3.24 ± 1.88 2.22 ± 1.73 3.06 ± 1.66 0.38 ± 0.18 0.25 ± 0

Median +3.25 +1.75 +2.75 +0.38 +0.25

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
MEAN VALUES

2.00
1.50
1.00 3.24 3.06
0.50 2.22

0.00
0.38 0.25
-0.50
-1.00
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig. 22, Spherical Equivalent of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

AXIAL LENGTH

AXIAL LENGTH OF HYPERMETROPIC EYES IN SUBGROUPS OF GROUP A:

The median of axial length of subgroups 1,2,3,4 & 5 were 21.46, 22.04, 21.51,
22.68 and 22.80 mm, and Mean ± Stden of subgroups of group A, was 21.32 ± 0.96;
21.07 ± 0.92; 21.71 ± 0.69; 22.68 ± 1.17; 22.08 ± 0.06 respectively. The axial length of
hypermetropic eyes was increasing with age. The p-value was <0.097 and it is
statistically strongly significant.

39
 Table 11, Axial Length in Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

AXIAL LENGTH 1)10-13 yr 2)13.1-16 yr 3)16.1-19yr 4)19.1-22 yr 5)22.1-25 yr

Sample size 18 9 8 2 2

Mean ± Stdev 21.32 ± 0.96 21.7 ± 0.92 21.71 ± 0.69 22.68 ± 1.17 22.8 ± 0.06

Median 21.46 22.04 21.51 22.68 22.8

AXIAL LENGTH
23.50

23.00

22.50

22.00
MEAN VALUES

21.50

22.68 22.8
21.00

21.7 21.71
20.50
21.32

20.00

19.50
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig.23, Axial Length of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

ACD OF HYPERMETRPIC EYES OF SUBGROUPS OF GROUP-A:
The median of anterior chamber depth of subgroups 1,2,3,4 & 5 were 3.48, 3.38,
3.36, 3.61 and 3.22 mm, and Mean ± Stden of subgroups of group A, was 3.50 ± 0.19; 3.40
± 0.24; 3.30 ± 0.29; 3.61 ± 0.42; 3.22 ± 0.03 respectively. The anterior chamber depth of
hypermetropic eyes was stable and there was not significant change with age. The p-value
was < 0.149, and it was not statistically significan. The anterior chamber depth of
hypermetropic eyes was shallow compare to myopic and emmetropic eyes.

40
 Table 12, ACD of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

ACD 1)10-13 yr 2)13.1-16 yr 3)16.1-19yr 4)19.1-22 yr 5)22.1-25 yr

Sample size 18 9 8 2 2

Mean ± Stdev 3.5 ± 0.19 3.4 ± 0.24 3.3 ± 0.29 3.61 ± 0.42 3.22 ± 0.03

Median 3.48 3.38 3.36 3.61 3.22

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

3.80

3.70

3.60

3.50
MEAN VALUES

3.40

3.30

3.20 3.61
3.5
3.10 3.4
3.3
3.00 3.22

2.90

2.80
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig.24, ACD of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. & AXIAL LENGTH:

The correlation between Spherical Equivalent and Axial Length of htpermetropic

eyes are inversely correlated. Those eyes have shorter axial length, they have higher
spherical equivalent or those eyes have higher axial length they have smaller
spherical equivalent.

41
 Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and
AXIAL LENGTH
24
23
22

AXIAL LENGTH
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig.25, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & Axial Length of Hypermetropic Eyes in
GroupA

CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. & ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH;

The correlation between Sph. Equivalent and Anterior Chamber Depth of

hypermetropic eyes was not significant effect.

Correlation bw SPH. EQV. and ACD

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
ACD

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig.26, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV. & ACD of Hypermetropic Eyes in Group-A

42
 MYOPIC
SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT OF MYOPIC EYES IN GROUP-A
The total number of myopic eyes in group A was 207. The spherical equivalent of
myopic eyes was -3.00 D, and mean standard deviation was -3.00 ± 1.20 Diopter.

Table 13, Spherical Equivalent of Myopic Eyes in Group-A

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT MYOPIC

Sample Size 207
Mean ± Stdev -3.00 ± 1.20
Median -3.00

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
0.00

-0.50

-1.00
MEAN VALUES

-1.50

-2.00

-2.50

-3.00
-2.93 -2.69
-3.50 -2.94 -3.11 -3.26
-4.00
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig. 27, Spherical Equivalent of Myopic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT OF MYOPIC EYES IN GROUP-A

The spherical equivalent of myopic eyes in subgroup-1 was -2.94; and subgroup-2
it was -3.11D, subgroup-3 it was -2.93D and subgroups-4 & 5 it was -3.26 & -269D. This
is mild change with age, it’s not significantly change, (the patient is under
emmetropisation process).

43
 SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT OF MYOPIC EYES IN SUBGROUP OF GROUP A

The total sample size of subgroup 1(10-13yrs) were 66 eyes and subgroup 2(13.1-
16yrs) were 47 eyes, subgroup 3(16.1-19yrs) were 46 eyes, subgroup 4(19.1-22yrs) were
30 eyes and subgroup 5(22.1-25yrs) were 18 eyes.

The Median and Mean ± Stden of spherical equivalent of myopic eyes in

subgroups of group A, Subgroup 1 was -2.75 and -2.94 ± 1.37; subgroup 2 was -3.25 and
-3.11 ± 1.20; and subgroup 3 was -3.00 and -2.93 ± 0.99; and subgroup 4 was -3.12 and -
3.26 ± 1.38; and subgroup 5 was -2.75 and 2.69 ± 0.53. The p- value was 0.491. The
Spherical Equivalent of myopic eyes is increase up to the age of 19 years, and after
that it’s cease.

Table 14, Spherical Equivalent of Myopic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

SPH. EQUIVALENT 1)10-13 yr 2)13.1-16 yr 3)16.1-19yr 4)19.1-22 yr 5)22.1-25 yr

Sample size 66 47 46 30 18
Mean ± Stdev -2.94 ± 1.37 -3.11 ± 1.2 -2.93 ± 0.99 -3.26 ± 1.38 -2.69 ± 0.53
Median -2.75 -3.25 -3 -3.12 -2.75

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
0.00

-0.50

-1.00
MEAN VALUES

-1.50

-2.00

-2.50

-3.00
-2.69
-3.50 -2.94 -3.11 -2.93
-3.26
-4.00
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig.28, Spherical Equivalent of Myopic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

44
 AXIAL LENGTH

AXIAL LENGTH OF MYOPIC EYES IN SUBGROUPS OF GROUP A:

The median of axial length of subgroups 1,2,3,4 & 5 were 23.60, 24.51, 24.74,
24.66 and 24.72 mm, and Mean ± Stden of subgroups of group A, was 23.91 ± 1.14;
24.45 ± 0.86; 24.60 ± 0.87; 24.65 ± 1.09; 24.47 ± 1.02 respectively. The axial lengths of
myopic eyes were increasing with age of 19 years. The p-value was <0.001 and it is
statistically strongly significant.

Table 15, Axial Length of Myopic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

AXIAL LENGTH 1)10-13 yr 2)13.1-16 yr 3)16.1-19yr 4)19.1-22 yr 5)22.1-25 yr

Sample size 66 47 46 30 18

Mean ± Stdev 23.91 ± 1.14 24.45 ± 0.86 24.6 ± 0.87 24.65 ± 1.09 24.47 ± 1.02

Median 23.6 24.51 24.74 24.66 24.72

AXIAL LENGTH
25.00

24.80

24.60

24.40
MEAN VALUES

24.20

24.00
24.6 24.65
23.80 24.45 24.47

23.60
23.91
23.40

23.20
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig. 29, Axial Length of Myopic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

45
 ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH OF MYOPIC EYES IN SUBGROPS OF GROP

A:

The median of anterior chamber depth of subgroups 1,2,3,4 & 5 were 3.92, 3.86,
3.89, 3.78 and 4.00 mm, and Mean ± Stden of subgroups of group A, was 3.90 ± 0.25;
3.87 ± 0.25; 3.90 ± 0.22; 3.80 ± 0.30; 3.96 ± 0.21 respectively. The anterior chamber
depth of eyes was change but there was not significant change with age. The p-value was
<0.216, and it was not statistically significan. The anterior chamber depth of myopic
eyes was longer compare to hypermetropic and emmetropic eyes.

Table 16, ACD of Myopic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

ACD 1)10-13 yr 2)13.1-16 yr 3)16.1-19yr 4)19.1-22 yr 5)22.1-25 yr

Sample size 66 47 46 30 18
Mean ± Stdev 3.9 ± 0.25 3.87 ± 0.25 3.9 ± 0.22 3.8 ± 0.3 3.96 ± 0.21
Median 3.92 3.86 3.89 3.78 4

ANTERIR CHAMBER DEPTH

4.05

4.00

3.95
MEAN VALUES

3.90

3.85

3.80 3.96
3.9 3.9
3.75 3.87
3.8
3.70

3.65
10-13 yr 13.1-16 yr 16.1-19 19.1-22 yr 22.1-25 yr

Fig. 30, ACD of Myopic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-A

46
CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND AXIAL LENGTH:

The correlation between Spherical Equivalent and Axial Length of myopic eyes was,
Spherical Equivalent is increase with the axial length. Those eyes have higher spherical
equivalent, they have longer axial length.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

AXIAL LENGTH
30
AXIAL LENGTH

25

20

15
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig.31, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & Axial Length of Myopic Eyes in Group A
CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND ACD:
The correlation between Sph. Equivalent and Anterior chamber depth of myopic
eyes is- Spherical Equivalent is not significantly affected with the changes in anterior
chamber depth, OR Anterior chamber depth is not significantly affected with the
changes in Spherical Equivalent but anterior chamber depth is longer than
emmetropic and hypermetropic eyes.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

ACD
5
4
3
ACD

2
1
0
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig.32, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & ACD of Myopic Eyes in Group A

47
CORRELATION B/W AXIAL LENGTH AND ACD:

The correlation between Axial length and Anterior chamber depth of myopic eyes
is- Anterior chamber depth increase with the axial length.

Correlation bw AXIAL LENGTH and ACD

5

4.5

3.5
AXIAL LENGTH

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig.33, Correlation Axial Length & ACD of Myopic Eyes in Group A

48
 GROUP-B
OVERALL SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT IN GROUP-B:

The total sample size of group B was 132 eyes. Overall spherical equivalent for
the group B was 0.00 for emmetropic eyes and for the hypermetropic eyes were +1.00 DS
and -2.75 DS for the myopic eyes.

Table 17, Spherical Equivalent in Group-B

SPH. EQUIVALENT Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Sample size 5 57 70
Mean ± Stdev 0±0 1.39 ± 0.82 -2.71 ± 1.12
Median 0 1 -2.75

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
MEAN VALUES

-1.00

-2.00 1.39
0
-3.00

-4.00
-2.71
-5.00
Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Fig-34, Spherical Equivalent in Group-B

49
OVERALL AXIAL LENGTH IN GROUP-B:

Overall axial length for the group B was 22.63 for emmetropic eyes and for the
hypermetropic eyes it was 22.64 and 24.86 mm for the myopic eyes.

Table 18, Axial Length in Group-B

AXIAL LENGTH Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Sample size 5 57 70

Mean ± Stdev 22.96 ± 1.12 22.56 ± 0.69 24.73 ± 0.78

Median 22.63 22.64 24.86

AXIAL LENGTH
26.00

25.00

24.00
MEAN VALUES

23.00

24.73
22.00

22.96
22.56
21.00

20.00
Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Fig-35, Axial Length in Group-B

OVERALL ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH IN GROUP-B

Overall anterior chamber depth for the group B was 3.44 for emmetropic eyes and
for the hypermetropic eyes it was 3.29 and 4.00 mm for the myopic eyes.

50
 Table 19, Anterior Chamber Depth in Group-B

ACD Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Sample size 5 57 70

Mean ± Stdev 3.37 ± 0.31 3.28 ± 0.35 3.94 ± 0.3

Median 3.44 3.29 4

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.00
MEAN VALUES

2.50

2.00 3.94
3.37 3.28
1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
Emmetropic Hypermetropic Myopic

Fig-36, Anterior Chamber Depth in Group-B

EMMETROPIC EYES
SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT OF EMMETROPIC EYES IN GROUP-B
The total number of emmetropic eyes in this group was 05, the eyes who have not
any type of refractive error called emmetropic eye. These types of eyes have a standard
shape and size (axial length and anterior chamber depth). The refractive error of eye was
zero.

51
 Table 20, Spherical Equivalent of Emmetropic Eyes in Group-B

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT EMMETROPIC

Sample Size 05

Mean ± Stdev 0±0

Median 0

SPH. EQV. OF EMMETROPIC EYES IN SUBGROUP OF GROUP-B

The total sample size of subgroup 7(28.1-31yrs) were 02 eyes and subgroup
9(34.1-37yrs) was 01 eyes, subgroup 10(37.1-40yrs) were 02 eyes,

Table 21, Spherical Equivalent of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-B

SPH. EQUIVALENT 7)28.1-31 yr 9)34.1-37 yr 10)37.1-40 yr

Sample size 2 1 2
Mean ± Stdev 0±0 0±0 0±0
Median 0 0 0

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
MEAN VALUES

0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0 0 0
0.00
28.1-31 yr 34.1-37 yr 37.1-40 yr

Fig-37, Spherical Equivalent of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-B

52
CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQUIVALENT AND AXIAL LENGTH;

The correlation between spherical equivalent and axial length is showing the
refractive error is not only dependent on a change of axial length of emmetropic
eyes.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

AXIAL LENGTH
25
23
AXIAL LENGTH

21
19
17
15
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-38, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & Axial Length of Emmetropic Eyes in Group-B

CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQUIVALENT AND ACD:

The correlation between spherical equivalent and anterior chamber depth is

showing the refractive error is not only depending on change in anterior chamber
depth of emmetropic eyes.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

ACD
4

3
ACD

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-39, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & ACD of Emmetropic Eyes in Group-B

53
CORRELATION BETWEEN AXIAL LENGTH AND ACD:-

Anterior chamber depth and axial length of the emmetropic eyes are proportional
correlated with each other. Those emmetropic eye have higher axial length, they have
higher anterior chamber depth also.

Correlation bw AXIAL LENGTH and ACD

4

3.5

3
AXIAL LENGTH

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
15 17 19 21 23 25
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-40, Correlation B/W Axial Length & ACD of Emmetropic Eyes in Group-B:

AXIAL LENGTH

The axial length of emetropic eyes in group-B was 22.63 mm.

Table 22, Axial Length of Emmetropic Eyes in Group-B

AXIAL LENGTH EMMETROPIC

Sample Size 05

Mean ± Stdev 22.96 ± 1.12

Median 22.63

54
AXIAL LENGTH OF EMMETROPIC EYES OF SUBGROUP OF GROUP-B

The total sample size of subgroup 7(28.1-31yrs) were 02 eyes and subgroup
9(34.1-37yrs) was 01 eyes, subgroup 10(37.1-40yrs) were 02 eyes,

The Median and Mean ± Stden of axial length of emmetropic eyes in subgroups
of group B, Subgrop 7 was 24.14 and 24.14 ± 0.08; subgroup 9 was 22.63 and 22.63 ±
0.00; and subgroup 10 was 21.95 and 21.95 ± 0.33. The p- value was 0.165. The axial
length of emetropic eyes in group B decrease with the age, this is not significantly
change.

Table 23, Axial Length of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

AXIAL LENGTH 7)28.1-31 yr 9)34.1-37 yr 10)37.1-40 yr

Sample size 2 1 2
Mean ± Stdev 24.14 ± 0.08 22.63 ± 0 21.95 ± 0.33
Median 24.14 22.63 21.95

AXIAL LENGTH
26.00

25.00

24.00
MEAN VALUES

23.00

22.00
24.14
21.00
22.63
21.95
20.00

19.00
28.1-31 yr 34.1-37 yr 37.1-40 yr

Fig-41, Axial Length of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

55
 ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH
The anterior chamber depth of emetropic eyes in group-B was 3.44 mm.

Table 24, ACD of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH EMMETROPIC

Sample Size 05
Mean ± Stdev 3.37 ± 0.31
Median 3.44

ACD OF EMMETROPIC EYES IN SUBGROUP OF GROUP-B

The total sample size of subgroup 7(28.1-31yrs) were 02 eyes and subgroup 9(34.1-
37yrs) was 01 eyes, subgroup 10(37.1-40yrs) were 02 eyes,
The Median and Mean ± Stden of ACD of emmetropic eyes in subgroups of group
B, Subgroup 7 was 3.66 and 3.66 ± 0.01; subgroup 9 was 3.44 and 3.44 ± 0.0; and subgroup
10 was 3.04 and 3.04 ± 0.06; The p- value was 0.011. The ACD of emetropic eyes is
decrease with the age, and after this significantly change.
Table 25, ACD of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

ACD 7)28.1-31 yr 9)34.1-37 yr 10)37.1-40 yr

Sample size 2 1 2
Mean ± Stdev 3.66 ± 0.01 3.44 ± 0 3.04 ± 0.06
Median 3.66 3.44 3.04

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

5.00

4.00
MEAN VALUES

3.00

2.00 3.66 3.44 3.04

1.00

0.00
28.1-31 yr 34.1-37 yr 37.1-40 yr

Fig-42, ACD of Emmetropic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

56
 HYPERMETROPIC

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT OF HYPERMETROPIC EYES IN GROUP-B

The total sample size of hypermetropic eye in group-B was 57; overall spherical
equivalent of hypermetropic eyes was +1.00 DS.

Table 26, Spherical Equivalent of Hypermetropic Eyes in Group-B

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT HYPERMETROPIC

Sample Size 57

Mean ± Stdev 1.39 ± 0.82

Median +1.00

SPH. EQV. OF HYPERMETROPIC EYES IN SUBGROUPS OF GROUP-B:

The total sample size of subgroup 6(25.1-28yrs.) was 9 eyes, 7(28.1-31yrs) were
04 eyes and 8(31.1-34yrs) were 11 eyes, and subgroup 9(34.1-37yrs) was 19 eyes,
subgroup 10(37.1-40yrs) were 14 eyes,

The Median and Mean ± Stden of Spherical Equivalent of hypermetropic eyes in

subgroups of group B, Subgrop 6 was +2.00 DS (Mean ± Stden 2.11 ± 1.56), subgroup 7
was +1.50 (Mean ± Stden 1.50 ± 0.58), subgroup 8 was +1.00 (Mean ± Stden 1.16 ±
0.03); subgroup 9 was +1.00 DS (Mean ± Stden 1.26 ± 0.68); and subgroup 10 was +1.00
and (Mean ± Stden 1.23 ± 0.37), The p- value was 0.077. The Sph. Eqv. of
hypermetropic eyes in group B was stable, there is not significantly change.

57
 Table27, Spherical Equivalent of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-B

SPH. EQUIVALENT 6)25.1-28 yr 7)28.1-31 yr 8)31.1-34 yr 9)34.1-37 yr 10)37.1-40 yr

Sample size 9 4 11 19 14
Mean ± Stdev 2.11 ± 1.56 1.5 ± 0.58 1.16 ± 0.3 1.26 ± 0.68 1.23 ± 0.37
Median 2 1.5 1 1 1

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
2.50

2.00
MEAN VALUES

1.50

1.00 2.11
1.5
1.16 1.26 1.23
0.50

0.00
25.1-28 yr 28.1-31 yr 31.1-34 yr 34.1-37 yr 37.1-40 yr

Fig-43, Spherical Equivalent of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-B

CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND AXIAL LENGTH:

The correlation between spherical equivalent and axial length of hypermetropic

eyes in group-B was showing, high hypermetropic eyes have smaller axial length.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

AXIAL LENGTH
25
AXIAL LENGTH

23
21
19
17
15
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-44, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & Axial Length of Hypermetropic Eyes in Grop-B

58
CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND ACD:

The correlation between spherical equivalent ACD of hypermetropic eyes in

group-B was showing, not any change in ACD in hypermetropic eyes with change of
spherical equivalent.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

ACD
5

3
ACD

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-45, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & ACD of Hypermetropic Eyes in Group-B

AXIAL LENGTH:

Table 28, Axial Length of Hypermetropic Eyes in Group-B

AXIAL LENGTH HYPERMETROPIC

Sample Size 57

Mean ± Stdev 22.56 ± 0.69

Median 22.64

AXIAL LENGTH OF HYPERMETROPIC EYES IN GROUP-B

The Median and Mean ± Stden of Axial Length of hypermetropic eyes in
subgroups of group B, Subgrop 6 was 22.98 mm (Mean ± Stden 23.00 ± 1.14), subgroup
7 was 22.73 (Mean ± Stden 22.73 ± 0.09), subgroup 8 was 22.60 (Mean ± Stden 22.56 ±
0.62); subgroup 9 was 22.28 (Mean ± Stden 22.29 ± 0.51); and subgroup 10 was 22.70

59
 and (Mean ± Stden 22.60 ± 0.59), The p- value was 0.029. The Axial Length of
hypermetropic eyes in group B was decrease with age, this is significantly change.
Table 29, Axial Length of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

AXIAL LENGTH 6)25.1-28 yr 7)28.1-31 yr 8)31.1-34 yr 9)34.1-37 yr 10)37.1-40 yr

Sample size 9 4 11 19 14
Mean ± Stdev 23 ± 1.14 22.73 ± 0.09 22.56 ± 0.62 22.29 ± 0.51 22.6 ± 0.59
Median 22.98 22.73 22.6 22.28 22.7

AXIAL LENGTH
23.20

23.00

22.80
MEAN VALUES

22.60

22.40
23
22.20 22.73
22.56 22.6
22.00
22.29
21.80

21.60
25.1-28 yr 28.1-31 yr 31.1-34 yr 34.1-37 yr 37.1-40 yr

Fig-46, Axial Length of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

Table 30, ACD of Hypermetropic Eyes in Group-B

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH HYPERMETROPIC

Sample Size 57

Mean ± Stdev 3.28 ± 0.35

Median 3.29

60
ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH OF HYPERMETROPIC EYES IN GROUP-B;
The Median and Mean ± Stden of Anterior Chamber Depth of hypermetropic eyes
in subgroups of group B, Subgrop 6 was 3.34 (Mean ± Stden 3.49 ± 0.39), subgroup 7
was 3.24 (Mean ± Stden 3.24 ± 0.05), subgroup 8 was 3.35 (Mean ± Stden 3.09 ± 0.48);
subgroup 9 was 3.35 (Mean ± Stden 3.34 ± 0.22); and subgroup 10 was 3.16 and (Mean ±
Stden 3.22 ± 0.33), The p- value was 0.108. The Anterior Chamber Depth of
hypermetropic eyes in group B was not significantly change.'

Table 31, ACD of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

ACD 6)25.1-28 yr 7)28.1-31 yr 8)31.1-34 yr 9)34.1-37 yr 10)37.1-40 yr

Sample size 9 4 11 19 14
Mean ± Stdev 3.49 ± 0.39 3.24 ± 0.05 3.09 ± 0.48 3.34 ± 0.22 3.22 ± 0.33
Median 3.34 3.24 3.35 3.35 3.16

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

3.60

3.50

3.40

3.30
MEAN VALUES

3.20

3.10 3.49

3.00 3.34
3.24 3.22
2.90 3.09

2.80

2.70
25.1-28 yr 28.1-31 yr 31.1-34 yr 34.1-37 yr 37.1-40 yr

Fig-47, ACD of Hypermetropic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

61
 MYOPIC

SPHERICAL EQUIVALEN

The total sample size of myopic eye in group-B was 70, overall spherical
equivalent of myopic eyes was -2.75 DS.

Table 32, Spherical Equivalent of Myopic Eyes in Group-B

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT MYOPIC

Sample Size 70

Mean ± Stdev -2.71 ± 1.12

Median -2.75

SPHERICAL EQUIVALEN OF MYOPIC EYES IN GROUP-B

The total sample size of subgroups of group-B, 6 (25.1-28yrs.) was 23 eyes, 7

(28.1-31yrs) were 12 eyes and 8 (31.1-34yrs) were 23 eyes, and subgroup 9 (34.1-37yrs)
was 08 eyes, subgroup 10 (37.1-40yrs) were 04 eyes,

The Median and Mean ± Stden of Spherical Equivalent of myopic eyes in

subgroups of group B, Subgrop 6 was -2.75 DS (Mean ± Stden -2.54 ± 1.01), subgroup 7
was -2.75 (Mean ± Stden -2.56 ± 0.85), subgroup 8 was -2.75 (Mean ± Stden -2.65 ±
0.89); subgroup 9 was -2.25 (Mean ± Stden -2.47 ± 1.43); and subgroup 10 was -4.88 and
(Mean ± Stden -4.94 ± 0.24), The p- value was 0.02. The Sph. Eqv. of myopic eyes in
group B was stable, there is not significantly change.

62
 Table 33, Spherical Equivalent of Myopic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-B

SPH. EQUIVALENT 6)25.1-28 yr 7)28.1-31 yr 8)31.1-34 yr 9)34.1-37 yr 10)37.1-40 yr

Sample size 23 12 23 8 4
Mean ± Stdev -2.54 ± 1.01 -2.56 ± 0.85 -2.65 ± 0.98 -2.47 ± 1.43 -4.94 ± 0.24
Median -2.75 -2.75 -2.75 -2.25 -4.88

SPHERICAL EQUIVALENT
0.00

-1.00
MEAN VALUES

-2.00

-3.00

-4.00
-2.54 -2.56 -2.65 -2.47
-5.00
-4.94
-6.00
25.1-28 yr 28.1-31 yr 31.1-34 yr 34.1-37 yr 37.1-40 yr

Fig-48, Spherical Equivalent of Myopic Eyes in Subgroups of Group-B

CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND AXIAL LENGTH:

The proportionally correlated between spherical equivalent and axial length of
myopic eyes in group-B. High myopic eyes have higher axial length and higher
spherical equivalent.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and AXIAL

LENGTH
27
25
AXIAL LENGTH

23
21
19
17
15
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-49, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & Axial Length of Myopic Eyes in Group-B
63
CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND ACD:

The correlation between spherical equivalent and ACD of myopic eyes in group-
B was showing, high myopic eyes have higher ACD.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

ACD
5

3
ACD

0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-50, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & ACD of Myopic Eyes in Group-B

CORRELATION B/W AXIAL LENGTH AND ACD:

The correlation between Axial Length and ACD of myopic eyes in group-B was
showing, high axial length myopic eyes have higher ACD.

Correlation bw AXIAL LENGTH and ACD

5
4.5
4
AXIAL LENGTH

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
15 17 19 21 23 25 27
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-51, Correlation Axial Length & ACD of Myopic Eyes in Group-B

64
AXIAL LENGTH;
The overall axial length of myopic eyes in group-B was 24.86 mm.
Table 34, Axial Length of Myopic Eyes in Group-B

AXIAL LENGTH MYOPIC

Sample Size 70
Mean ± Stdev 24.73 ± 0.78

Median 24.86

AXIAL LENGTH OF MYOPIC EYES IN GROUP-B

The Median and Mean ± Stden of Axial Length of myopic eyes in subgroups of
group B, Subgroup 6 was 24.45 mm (Mean ± Stden 24.57 ± 0.77), subgroup 7 was 25.00
(Mean ± Stden 24.96 ± 0.62), subgroup 8 was 25.09 (Mean ± Stden 24.85 ± 0.83); subgroup
9 was 24.46 (Mean ± Stden 24.40 ± 0.78); and subgroup 10 was 24.92 and (Mean ± Stden
24.90 ± 0.90), The p- value was 0.376. The Axial Length of myopic eyes in group B was
not significantly change with age.
Table 35, Axial Length of Myopic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B
AXIAL LENGTH 6)25.1-28 yr 7)28.1-31 yr 8)31.1-34 yr 9)34.1-37 yr 10)37.1-40 yr
Sample size 23 12 23 8 4
Mean ± Stdev 24.57 ± 0.77 24.96 ± 0.62 24.85 ± 0.83 24.4 ± 0.78 24.9 ± 0.9
Median 24.45 25 25.09 24.46 24.92

AXIAL LENGTH
25.20

25.00

24.80
MEAN VALUES

24.60

24.40 24.96
24.85 24.9
24.20 24.57
24.4
24.00

23.80
25.1-28 yr 28.1-31 yr 31.1-34 yr 34.1-37 yr 37.1-40 yr

Fig-52, Axial Length of Myopic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

65
ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH;
The overall anterior chamber depth of myopic eyes in group-B was 4.00 mm.
Table 36, ACD of Myopic Eyes in Group-B
ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH MYOPIC
Sample Size 70
Mean ± Stdev 3.94 ± 0.30

Median 4.00

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH OF MYOPIC EYES IN GROUP-B:

The Median and Mean ± Stden of Anterior Chamber Depth of myopic eyes in
subgroups of group B, Subgrop 6 was 3.89 (Mean ± Stden 3.89 ± 0.24), subgroup 7 was 3.98
(Mean ± Stden 3.97 ± 0.27), subgroup 8 was 4.10 (Mean ± Stden 3.96 ± 0.34); subgroup 9
was 4.14 (Mean ± Stden 3.95 ± 0.41); and subgroup 10 was 3.88 and (Mean ± Stden 3.86 ±
0.19), The p- value was 0.903. The Anterior Chamber Depth of myopic eyes in group B
was not significantly change.
Table 37, ACD of Myopic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

ACD 6)25.1-28 yr 7)28.1-31 yr 8)31.1-34 yr 9)34.1-37 yr 10)37.1-40 yr

Sample size 23 12 23 8 4
Mean ± Stdev 3.89 ± 0.24 3.97 ± 0.27 3.96 ± 0.34 3.95 ± 0.41 3.86 ± 0.19
Median 3.89 3.98 4.1 4.14 3.88

ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH

4.05

4.00
MEAN VALUES

3.95

3.90

3.85 3.97 3.96 3.95

3.89
3.80 3.86

3.75
25.1-28 yr 28.1-31 yr 31.1-34 yr 34.1-37 yr 37.1-40 yr

Fig-53, ACD of Myopic Eyes in Subgroup of Group-B

66
 CORRELATION BETWEENS TOTAL GROUP-A
CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND AXIAL LENGTH:
The correlation between spherical equivalent and axial length in group-A was
showing, high hypermetropic eyes have smaller axial length, and high myopic eyes
have higher axial length.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

AXIAL LENGTH
29
27
AXIAL LENGTH

25
23
21
19
17
15
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-54, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & Axial Length of Myopic Eyes in Group-A
CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND ACD:
The correlation between spherical equivalent and ACD of myopic eyes in group-
A was showing, high myopic eyes have higher ACD.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

ACD
5

3
ACD

0
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-55, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & ACD of Myopic Eyes in Group-A
67
CORRELATION B/W AXIAL LENGTH AND ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH:
The correlation between spherical equivalent and axial length of total group-A
was showing, those eyes high axial length, and they have higher anterior chamber
depth also.

Correlation bw AXIAL LENGTH and ACD

5

3
ACD

0
15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-56, Correlation Axial Length & ACD of Myopic Eyes in Group-A

CORRELATION BETWEENS TOTAL GROUP-B

CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND AXIAL LENGTH:
The correlation between spherical equivalent and axial length in group-B was
showing, high hypermetropic eyes have smaller axial length, and high myopic eyes
have higher axial length.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

AXIAL LENGTH
27
25
AXIAL LENGTH

23
21
19
17
15
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-57, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & Axial Length of Myopic Eyes in Total
Group-B

68
CORRELATION B/W SPH. EQV. AND ACD:
The correlation between spherical equivalent and ACD of myopic eyes in group-
B was showing, high myopic eyes have higher ACD.

Correlation bw SPH. EQUIVALENT and

ACD
5
4
3
ACD

2
1
0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
SPH. EQUIVALENT

Fig-58, Correlation B/W SPH. EQV & ACD of Myopic Eyes in Total Group-B

CORRELATION B/W AXIAL LENGTH AND ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH:

The correlation between spherical equivalent and axial length of total group-A
was showing, those eyes high axial length, they have higher anterior chamber depth
also.

Correlation bw AXIAL LENGTH and ACD

5
4.5
4
3.5
3
ACD

2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
15 17 19 21 23 25 27
AXIAL LENGTH

Fig-59, Correlation Axial Length & ACD of Myopic Eyes in Total Group-B

69