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Topic 3 Tutorial

This document contains 13 questions about liquid-liquid extraction. It covers topics like using immiscible and miscible solvents, equilibrium relationships, and designing extraction systems. Sample calculations are provided for extraction problems involving multiple stages and feed/solvent ratios.

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vaniya hameed
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51 views

Topic 3 Tutorial

This document contains 13 questions about liquid-liquid extraction. It covers topics like using immiscible and miscible solvents, equilibrium relationships, and designing extraction systems. Sample calculations are provided for extraction problems involving multiple stages and feed/solvent ratios.

Uploaded by

vaniya hameed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 3.

Liquid-Liquid Extraction 1

Tutorial Questions Topic 3 (part 1/2)

Immiscible Solvents
1. Solute A is to be extracted from a feed solution containing 0.1 kg A per kg of
solvent B, using a second solvent, C, which is immiscible with B. What ratio
of C to B is required to recover 85% of A in a single equilibrium stage? The
equilibrium relationship for the system is:
(kg A/kg C) = 4(kg A/kg B)
(1.42 kg C/kg B)

2. A single stage mixer settler is used to extract solute A from solvent B using
pure solvent C. The feed contains 0.15 kg A per kg B. Tests show that when 3
kg of C are used per kg of feed (including both feed solvent B and solute A),
the recovery is 90%.

a) Calculate the solvent/feed ratio S/F (3.45)


b) Find the value of the partition coefficient K (2.609)
c) If impure C containing 1 mass % A were used in place of pure C, how
much of the contaminated solvent (including both C and A) would be
required to maintain the same raffinate product? (4.08 kg solvent/kg feed)

3. 1,100 kg/hr of the feed described in Question 1 is to be treated in a 2-stage


crossflow system using 2,200 kg/hr of C. What is the % recovery of A (based
on the initial feed), in each stage and in total, if:
a) C is split equally between the 2 stages?
b) 25% of C is added to the 1st, and 75% to the 2nd stage?
c) 75% of C is added to the 1st, and 25% to the 2nd stage?

stage 1 stage 2 total


a) 81.5% 15.1% 96.6%
b) 68.8% 27.1% 95.9%
c) 86.8% 9.1% 95.9%

4. Using the same total flows as in Question 3, how many stages are required to
recover 99% of A if C is split equally between all stages of a multi-stage
crossflow extraction system? (4 stages)

©HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY B49CA August 2022


TOPIC 3. Liquid-Liquid Extraction 2

5. Solute A is to be recovered from solvent B by continuous counter-current


extraction with a second solvent C, which is completely insoluble in B. The
following equilibrium relationship applies:

(kg A/kg C) = 3(kg A/kg B)

The initial solution contains 150 kg A/1000 kg B.

a) If the mass flow rate of C is half the mass flow rate of B, how many
equilibrium stages are required to recover 90% of A? (4 stages)
b) What is the % recovery of A in a system equivalent to 2 equilibrium
stages if the flow rates are as in ‘Part a’? (79%)
c) What is the minimum amount of C necessary per kg of B to recover
90% of solute A? (0.3 kg)

6. Organic material A is being extracted from water using chlorobenzene. The


aqueous feed stream on entry contains 23.5 kg A per 100 kg water, and the
exit aqueous stream is to contain 5 kg A per 100 kg water. If the exit
chlorobenzene stream contains 30 kg A per 100 kg chlorobenzene, find the
quantity of pure chlorobenzene feed per 100 kg aqueous feed and the number
of equilibrium stages required for counter-current operation.

The equilibrium data are as follows:

kg A/kg chlorobenzene kg A/kg H2O

0.10 0.03
0.20 0.10
0.30 0.20

Assume that water and chlorobenzene are completely immiscible.

(50 kg, 3-4 stages)

7. A mixer-settler unit equivalent to 4 ideal stages is to be used for the


water/chlorobenzene/A system described in Question 6. If the inlet and exit
aqueous streams and the exit chlorobenzene stream have the same
composition as in Question 6, find the maximum tolerable concentration of A
in the inlet chlorobenzene stream and the corresponding value of
(chlorobenzene feed rate) / (aqueous feed rate).

(0.075 kg A/kg chlorobenzene, 0.716 kg/kg)

©HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY B49CA August 2022


TOPIC 3. Liquid-Liquid Extraction 1

Tutorial Questions Topic 3 (part 2/2)

Miscible Solvents

8. Plot the following equilibrium data on an equilateral triangular diagram and


construct a tie-line interpolation curve.
Extract in equilibrium with Raffinate
%A %B %C %A %B %C
0.0 7.0 93.0 0.0 92.0 8.0
1.0 6.1 92.9 9.0 81.7 9.3
1.8 5.5 92.7 14.9 75.0 10.1
3.7 4.4 91.9 25.3 63.0 11.7
6.2 3.3 90.5 35.0 51.5 13.5
9.2 2.4 88.4 42.0 41.0 17.0
13.0 1.8 85.2 48.1 29.3 22.6
18.3 1.8 79.9 51.0 19.2 29.8
24.5 3.0 72.5 47.1 12.9 40.0
The plait point is: 31.2 5.6 63.2

9. Pure water will be used to extract acetone from a feed containing 40 mass %
acetone and 60 mass % chloroform. Using the triangular diagram for this
system:
a) Find the solvent/feed ratio that would be required to produce a raffinate
containing 15% acetone in a single equilibrium stage. (4:1 by mass)
b) Determine the % recovery of acetone in this stage. (75%)

10. A liquid mixture containing 40 mass % acetone and 60 mass % chloroform is


contacted with water as the solvent in a single-stage batch process. Using the
triangular diagram for this system:
a) Determine the extract and raffinate compositions for a feed/solvent ratio
of 3.7:1. (20% and 35% acetone respectively)
b) Determine graphically the solvent-free extract and solvent-free
raffinate. (95% and 36% acetone respectively)

©HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY B49CA August 2022


TOPIC 4. Liquid-Liquid Extraction 2

11. In a two-stage cross-flow process, the feed/solvent ratio for each stage is 2:1.
The feed is a solvent-free mixture of 35 mass % acetone in chloroform,
contacted with pure water as solvent. Using the triangular diagram for this
system, find:
a) The fractional recovery of acetone (based on the initial feed) in each
stage. (25%, 18%)
b) The overall feed/solvent ratio. (1.04:1 by mass)
c) For the same overall feed/solvent ratio, what would be the recovery in
a single contact? (39%)

12. A liquid feed containing 60 mass % acetone and 40 mass % chloroform is


extracted with pure water solvent in a multi-stage counter-current extraction
system. The feed:solvent ratio is 1:1 on a mass basis. Using the triangular
diagram for this system, find:
a) The number of equilibrium stages needed to achieve a final raffinate
containing 10 mass % acetone. (7 stages)
b) The percentage recovery of acetone. (93.3%)

13. A feed containing 40 mass % acetic acid and the remainder MIK is extracted
with water contaminated with 4 mass % acetic acid in a multi-stage counter-
current extraction system. The feed:solvent ratio is 1:2 on a mass basis. Using
the triangular diagram for this system, find:
a) The number of equilibrium stages needed to achieve a final raffinate
containing 8 mass % acetic acid. (2 stages)
b) The amounts of extract and raffinate (E=2.18 kg, R=0.82 kg for a basis
of 1 kg of feed)
c) c) The percentage recovery of acetic acid. (83.6 %)

©HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY B49CA August 2022

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