Name Satyam Tiwari

UID no. 2021200119

Experiment No. 3

AIM: Identifying IP address family, Hosts/Subnet and Subnet Range

Program 1

PROBLEM Write a program in .M /Python scripting/C/C++/Java that will determine the

STATEMENT : class family of an IP address given along with default subnet mask and
network –id

ALGORITHM: 1. Taking input of IP Address as String.

2. Calculating binary representation of first 8 bits.
3. Using concept of Priority Bits to differentiate between classes i.e
using count of ones until a zero is found.
4. Printing details of the class like default subnet mask range etc.
5. Also finding the local IP Address of the machine using
ProcessBuilder class in java.

FLOWCHART:
PROGRAM: import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class Solution1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter IP Address:");
String s = scan.next();
String check = "";
int n =s.length();
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
if(s.charAt(i)=='.'){
break;
}
else check= check+Character.toString(s.charAt(i));
}
int find = Integer.parseInt(check);
// binary array of length 8
int[] arr = new int[8];
for(int i = 7;i>=0;i--){
arr[i] = (int)(find&1);
find= find>>1;
}
int cnt = 0;
// using concept of Priority Bits of each class to
differentiate:
for(int i =0;i<4;i++){
if(arr[i] ==1) cnt++;
else break;
}
//calling specific function:
if(cnt == 0){
A();
}
else if(cnt == 1){
B();
}
else if(cnt == 2){
C();
}
else if(cnt == 3){
 D();
}
else if(cnt == 4){
E();
}
else {
System.out.println("Not a valid ip");
}

//printing the local ip address of the machine

try {
String ip = getLocalIPv4();
System.out.println("Local IPv4 Address: " + ip);
} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

public static void A(){

System.out.println("The IP Address entered is of Class
A.");
System.out.println("Default Subnet: 255.0.0.0");
System.out.println("Range: 0.0.0.0 to
127.255.255.255");
}

public static void B(){

System.out.println("The IP Address entered is of Class
B.");
System.out.println("Default Subnet: 255.255.0.0");
System.out.println("Range: 128.0.0.0 to
191.255.255.255");
}

public static void C(){

System.out.println("The IP Address entered is of Class
C.");
System.out.println("Default Subnet: 255.255.255.0");
System.out.println("Range: 192.0.0.0 to
223.255.255.255");
}

public static void D(){

 System.out.println("The IP Address entered is of Class
D.");
System.out.println("Default Subnet: NA");
System.out.println("Range: 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255");
}

public static void E(){

System.out.println("The IP Address entered is of Class
E.");
System.out.println("Default Subnet: NA");
System.out.println("Range: 240.0.0.0 to
255.255.255.255");
}

//Method to return the local IP Address of the machine

public static String getLocalIPv4() throws IOException,
InterruptedException {
ProcessBuilder builder = new
ProcessBuilder("ipconfig");
builder.redirectErrorStream(true);
Process process = builder.start();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

String line;
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("IPv4 Address[. ]*:
([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)");
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(line);
if (matcher.find()) {
return matcher.group(1);
}
}
return null;
}

}
RESULT:

Program 2

PROBLEM Write a program in .M /Python scripting/C/C++/Java that will determine

STATEMENT : network administrator’s requirement which can be based on number of
subnets/number of host per subnet/ number of extra network bits available

ALGORITHM: 1. Take Input from user to input IP Address as Classless IP or Classfull

IP.
2. Use the logic of program 1 to find the class
3. Calculate network bits (using logarithm), host bits customised
subnets(using binary array).
4. To calculate range of IPs you need to maintain a static addition array
which will use binary addition method to add to the base IP and get
the next IP.
5. Print all the results obtained
FLOWCHART:

PROGRAM: import java.util.*;

public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
// INPUTS:
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Choose Any one as input :");
System.out.println("1.Classless IP");
System.out.println("2.Classfull IP");
int t = scan.nextInt();
String s;
int no_of_required_networks;
if(t == 1){
System.out.println("Enter Classless IP:");
String str = scan.next();
s = "";
int size = str.length();
 inner2:
for(int i = 0;i<size;i++){
if(str.charAt(i) == '/') break inner2;
s+=Character.toString(str.charAt(i));
}
System.out.println("Enter fixed length: ");
no_of_required_networks = scan.nextInt();
}
else if(t == 2){
System.out.println("Enter Classfull IP:");
s = scan.next();
System.out.println("Enter no of required subnets: ");
no_of_required_networks = scan.nextInt();
}
else{
return;
}
// code to check which class does the ip belongs to:
String check = "";
int n =s.length();
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
if(s.charAt(i)=='.'){
break;
}
else check= check+Character.toString(s.charAt(i));
}
int find = Integer.parseInt(check);
int[] arr = new int[8];
for(int i = 7;i>=0;i--){
arr[i] = (int)(find&1);
find= find>>1;
}
int cnt = 0;
for(int i =0;i<4;i++){
if(arr[i] ==1) cnt++;
else break;
}

// calling functions accordingly:

if(cnt == 0){
 A();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Details of Subnets:");
subnet(s,no_of_required_networks,1);
}
else if(cnt == 1){
B();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Details of Subnets:");
subnet(s,no_of_required_networks,2);
}
else if(cnt == 2){
C();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Details of Subnets:");
subnet(s,no_of_required_networks,3);
}
else {
System.out.println("Not a valid ip to be used to subnet!!!");
}

}
public static void subnet(String s,int no_of_required_networks, int
getClass){
// 2^n>=15
// calculating n (NO of Network Bits:)
double nd =
Math.log((double)(no_of_required_networks))/Math.log((double)(2));
int n;
if((int)nd == nd){
n = (int)nd;
}
else{
n = (int)nd +1;
}

System.out.println("No of Network Bits: "+n);

int h;
if(getClass == 3) h= 8-n;
else if(getClass == 2) h = 16-n;
else h = 24-n;
System.out.println("No of Host bits: "+h);

//calculating Subnets:
int subnets = (int)Math.pow(2,n);
//Calculating hosts/subnet
int hosts_per_subnet = (int)(Math.pow(2,h));
System.out.println("No of Subnets: "+subnets);
System.out.println("No of Hosts/Subnet: "+hosts_per_subnet);

int[] str_id = new int[]{7,15,23,31};

int j =0;
int size = s.length();

// dividing IP into 4 strings

int[] ip = new int[32];

for(int i = 0;i<4;i++){
String temp = "";
inner:
for(int k = j;k<size;k++,j++){
if(s.charAt(k)=='.'){
j++;
break inner;
}
else{
temp+=Character.toString(s.charAt(k));
}
}
int val = Integer.parseInt(temp);
int idx = str_id[i];
while(val!=0){
ip[idx] = (int)(val&1);
idx--;
val=val/2;
}
}
 //calculating customised subnet mask and additions to print the range
of IPs
int[] custom_mask = new int[32];
int[] static_addition = new int[32];
Arrays.fill(custom_mask, 1);
for(int i = 31;i>31-h;i--){
custom_mask[i] = 0;
static_addition[i] = 1;
ip[i] = 0;
}
int[] customised_subnet_mask = new int[4];
for(int i = 0;i<4;i++){
int idx = str_id[i]-7;
String temp = "";
while(idx<=str_id[i]){
temp+=Integer.toString(custom_mask[idx]);
idx++;
}
customised_subnet_mask[i] = Integer.parseInt(temp,2);
}
//Printing customised subnet mask:
System.out.print("Customised Subnet Mask:");
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if(i!=3) System.out.print(customised_subnet_mask[i]+".");
else System.out.println(customised_subnet_mask[i]);
}
// Printing required subnets range
System.out.println("Subnets ranges from :");
int cnt = 0;
for(int i = 0;i<subnets;i++){
if(i!=0){
//updating ip by adding 1 at last
int id = 31;
ip[id]+=1;
while(ip[id]!=1){
ip[id-1]+=1;
ip[id] = 0;
id--;
}
}
cnt++;
if(cnt>no_of_required_networks){
// ip to string and ip last
System.out.println();

System.out.println("Wasted IPs: ");

String res = "";
String temp = "";
for(int l = 0;l<32;l++){
if(l%8 == 0 || l == 31){
if(l == 31) {

temp+=Integer.toString(ip[l]);
res+= (Integer.toString(Integer.parseInt(temp,2)));
}
else if(l!=0){
res+= (Integer.toString(Integer.parseInt(temp,2))+".");
temp = "";
}
}
temp+=Integer.toString(ip[l]);
}
temp ="";
String res2="";
if(getClass == 3) for(int l = 24;l <32;l++) ip[l] =1;
else if(getClass == 2) for(int l = 16;l <32;l++) ip[l] =1;
else for(int l = 8;l <32;l++) ip[l] =1;
inner3:
for(int l = 31;l>=0;l--){
if(ip[l] == 0) ip[l] = 1;
else break inner3;
}
for(int l = 0;l<32;l++){
if(l%8 == 0 || l == 31){
if(l == 31) {

temp+=Integer.toString(ip[l]);
res2+= (Integer.toString(Integer.parseInt(temp,2)));
}
else if(l!=0){
 res2+= (Integer.toString(Integer.parseInt(temp,2))+".");
temp = "";
}
}
temp+=Integer.toString(ip[l]);
}
System.out.println(res+" to "+res2);
break;
}
getStr(ip,static_addition);
}

// method to calculate range:

public static void getStr(int[] ip,int[] static_addition){
String[] start = new String[4];
String[] end = new String[4];
int idx = 0;
String temp = "";
for(int i = 0;i<32;i++){

if(i%8 == 0 || i == 31){
if(i == 31) temp+=Integer.toString(ip[i]);
if(i!=0){
start[idx] = Integer.toString(Integer.parseInt(temp,2));
idx++;
temp = "";
}
}
temp+=Integer.toString(ip[i]);
}
System.out.print(start[0]+"."+start[1]+"."+start[2]+"."+start[3]+" to
");
for(int i = 31;i>=0;i--){
ip[i] += static_addition[i];
if(ip[i] == 2){
ip[i-1] += 1;
ip[i] = 0;
}
 if(ip[i] == 3){
ip[i-1]+=1;
ip[i] = 1;
}
}

idx = 0;
temp = "";
for(int i = 0;i<32;i++){

if(i%8 == 0 || i == 31){
if(i == 31) temp+=Integer.toString(ip[i]);
if(i!=0){
end[idx] = Integer.toString(Integer.parseInt(temp,2));
idx++;
temp = "";
}
}
temp+=Integer.toString(ip[i]);
}
System.out.println(end[0]+"."+end[1]+"."+end[2]+"."+end[3]);
}
public static void A(){
System.out.println("Basic Details of Class: ");
System.out.println("The IP Address entered is of Class A.");
System.out.println("Default Subnet: 255.0.0.0");
System.out.println("Range: 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255");
}

public static void B(){

System.out.println("Basic Details of Class: ");
System.out.println("The IP Address entered is of Class B.");
System.out.println("Default Subnet: 255.255.0.0");
System.out.println("Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255");
}

public static void C(){

System.out.println("Basic Details of Class: ");
System.out.println("The IP Address entered is of Class C.");
System.out.println("Default Subnet: 255.255.255.0");
 System.out.println("Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255");
}

RESULT: I) An organization is granted the block 211.17.180.0/24. The

administrator wants to create 32 fixed length subnets.
II) Assume that the network administrator uses class C IP addressing
scheme with 15 subnet requirements and network ID as 192.168.1.0.
Example of Class A:
Example of Class B:
CONCLUSION: The IP Addressing & Subnetting experiment helped us learn important
things about managing computer networks.I created program using JAVA .
This program helped us learn about IP address types, find out subnet masks,
and meet the needs of network administrators.This experiment showed us
how crucial it is to use IP addresses and subnets wisely in managing
networks. When we accurately figure out subnet masks and address needs,
network administrators can make the most of network resources and handle
network traffic well.