Software – Computer programs and associated documentation.

Software Engineering - is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production.

 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Computer Science - focuses on theory and fundamentals

Software Engineering - concerned with the practicalities f developing and delivering useful software.

 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND SYSTEM ENGINEERING

System Engineering – System engineering is concerned with all aspects of computer-based systems development
including Hardware, Software and Process engineering.

Software Engineering - is part of this more general process.

Generic Products - Stand-alone systems that are marketed and sold to any customer who wishes to buy them.

Customized Products – Software that is commissioned by a specific customer to meet their own needs.

 ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD SOFTWARE

MAINTAINABILITY- Software should be written in such a way so that it can evolve to meet the changing needs of
customers.

EFFICIENCY - Software should not make wasteful use of system resources such as memory and processor cycles.

DEPENDABILITY AND SECURITY- Software dependability includes a range of characteristics Including reliability,
security and safety.

ACCEPTABILITY - Software must be acceptable o the type of users for which it is designed.

 SOFTWARE PROCESS ACTIVITIES

Software SPECIFICATION - where customers and engineers define The software that is to be produced and the
constraints on its Operation.

Software DEVELOPMENT - where the software is designed and Programmed.

Software VALIDATION - where the software is checked to ensure That it is what the customer requires.

Software EVOLUTION - where the software is modified to reflect Changing customer and market requirements.

 GENERAL ISSUES THAT AFFECT SOFTWARE

HETEROGENEITY - Increasingly, systems are required to operate

BUSINESS AND SOCIAL CHANGE – changing incredibly quickly as emerging economies develop

SECURITY AND TRUST - As software is intertwined with all aspects of our lives,

SCALE - Software has to be developed across a very wide range of scales,

 APPLICATION TYPES

Stand-alone applications - These are application systems that run on a local computer

Interactive transaction-based applications - Applications that execute on a remote computer

Embedded control systems - These are software control systems that control

Batch processing systems - These are business systems that are designed to process data

Entertainment systems - These are systems that are primarily for personal use
Systems for modeling and simulation - These are systems that are developed by scientists and engineers

Data collection systems - These are systems that collect data from their environment using a set of sensors

Systems of systems - These are systems that are composed of a number of other software systems.

The Web - is now a platform for running application and Organizations are increasingly developing web-based
systems Rather than local systems.

Web services - allow application Functionality to be accessed over the web.

Cloud computing - is an approach to the provision of computer services where applications run remotely on the
‘cloud’.

 WEB SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Software reuse - Software reuse is the dominant approach for constructing web-based systems.

Incremental and agile development - Web-based systems should be developed and delivered incrementally

Service-oriented systems - Software may be implemented using service-oriented software

Rich interfaces - Interface development technologies such as AJAX and HTML5

 ISSUES OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

Confidentiality - Engineers should normally respect the confidentiality of their Employers or clients

Competence - Engineers should not misrepresent their level of competence.

Intellectual property rights - Engineers should be aware of local laws governing the use of

intellectual property such as patents

 PREAMBLE - The short version of the code summarizes aspirations at a high level of the abstraction; The
clauses that are included in the full version give examples and details of how these Aspirations change the
way we act as software engineering professionals
 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

PUBLIC - Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest.

CLIENT AND EMPLOYER - Software engineers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client and
employer consistent with the public interest.

PRODUCT - Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications meet the highest
professional standards possible.

JUDGMENT - Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment.

MANAGEMENT - Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to
the management of software development and maintenance.

PROFESSION - Software engineers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the
public interest.

COLLEAGUES - Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues.

SELF - Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the practice
Software Process Model - is an abstract representation of a process.

 MANY DIFFERENT SOFTWARE PROCESSES BUT ALL INVOLVE:

Specification – defining what the system should do;

Design and implementation – defining the organization of the system and implementing the system;

Validation – checking that it does what the customer wants;

Evolution – changing the system in response to changing customer needs.

Plan-driven processes - are processes where all of the process activities are planned in advance and progress is
measured against this plan.

Agile Processes - planning is incremental and it is easier to Change the process to reflect changing customer
requirements.

 SOFTWARE PROCESS MODEL

Waterfall Model Plan-driven model - Separate and distinct phases of specification and development.

Incremental Development - Specification, development and validation are interleaved. May be plan-driven or
agile.

Integration and Configuration - The system is assembled from existing configurable components.