Chapter 10

String Manipulation
Class 11 - Computer Science with Python Sumita Arora

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1
Negative index -1 belongs to .......... of string.
1. first character
2. last character ✓
3. second last character
4. second character

Question 2
Which of the following is/are not legal string operators?
1. in
2. +
3. *
4. / ✓

Question 3
Which of the following functions will return the total number of
characters in a string?
1. count()
 2. index()
3. len() ✓
4. all of these

Question 4
Which of the following functions will return the last three
characters of a string s?
1. s[3:]
2. s[:3]
3. s[-3:] ✓
4. s[:-3]

Question 5
Which of the following functions will return the first three
characters of a string s?
1. s[3:]
2. s[:3] ✓
3. s[-3:]
4. s[:-3]

Question 6
Which of the following functions will return the string in all caps?

1. upper() ✓
2. toupper()
3. isupper()
 4. to-upper()

Question 7
Which of the following functions will return the string with every
'P' replaced with a 'z'?
1. find()
2. index()
3. replace() ✓
4. split()

Question 8
Which of the following functions will return a list containing all
words of the string?
1. find()
2. index()
3. partition()
4. split() ✓

Question 9
Which of the following functions will always return a tuple of 3
elements?
1. find()
2. index()
3. partition() ✓
4. split()
Question 10
What is the output of the following code?
str1 = "Mission 999"
str2 = "999"
print(str1.isdigit(),str2.isdigit())

1. False True ✓
2. False False
3. True False
4. True True

Question 11
Choose the correct function to get the ASCII code of a character.
1. char('char')
2. ord('char') ✓
3. ascii('char')
4. All of these

Question 12
Which method should I use to convert String "Python
programming is fun" to "Python Programming Is Fun" ?
1. capitalize()
2. title() ✓
3. istitle()
4. upper()
Question 13
Guess the correct output of the following String operations.
str1 = 'Wah'
print(str1*2)

1. WahWah ✓
2. TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for * : 'str' and 'int'
3. WWaahh
4. Wah2

Question 14
What is the output of the following string operation?
str = "My roll no. is 12"
print(str.isalnum())
1. True
2. False ✓
3. Error
4. No output

Question 15
Select the correct output of the following String operations.
str1 = 'Waha'
print(str1[:3] + 'Bhyi' + str1[-3:])
1. Wah Bhyi Wah
2. WahBhyiaha ✓
 3. WahBhyiWah
4. WahBhyiWaha

Question 16
Select the correct output of the following String operations.
str = "my name is Anu John"
print(str.capitalize())

1. 'My name is anu john' ✓

2. TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for * : 'str' and 'int'
3. 'My name is Anu John'
4. 'My Name Is Anu John'

Question 17
Choose the correct function to get the character from ASCII
number.
1. ascii(number)
2. char(number)
3. chr(number) ✓
4. all of these

Question 18
s = ' '(single space). Then s.isalnum() will return.
1. True
2. False ✓
3. Error
 4. nothing

Question 19
Which of the following functions removes all leading and trailing
spaces from a string?
1. lstrip()
2. rstrip()
3. strip() ✓
4. all of these

Question 20
Which of the following functions will raise an error if the given
substring is not found in the string?
1. find()
2. index() ✓
3. replace()
4. all of these
Fill in the Blanks

Question 1
The string indexes begin 0 onwards.

Question 2
For strings, + operator performs concatenation.
Question 3
For strings, * operator performs replication.

Question 4
The in and not in are membership operators for strings (in, not
in).

Question 5
The ord() returns the ASCII value of a given character.

Question 6
If a string contains letters and digits, function isalnum() will
return true.

Question 7
'ab'.isalpha() will return value as True.

Question 8
To get each word's first letter capitalized, title() function is used.

Question 9
Function index() raises an exception if the substring is not found.

Question 10
Function split() divides a line of text into individual words.
True/False Questions

Question 1
Strings have both positive and negative indexes.
True

Question 2
Python does not support a character type; a single character is
treated as strings of length one.
True

Question 3
Strings are immutable in Python, which means a string cannot be
modified.
True

Question 4
Like '+', all other arithmetic operators are also supported by
strings.
False

Question 5
Functions capitalize() and title() return the same result.
False
Question 6
Functions partition() and split() work identically.
False

Question 7
The find() and index() are similar functions.
True

Question 8
The find() does not raise an exception if the substring is not found.
True

Question 9
The partition() function's result is always a 3-element tuple.
True

Question 10
The split() returns always a 3-element list.
False
Type A : Short Answer Questions/Conceptual Questions

Question 1
Write a Python script that traverses through an input string and
prints its characters in different lines — two characters per line.
Answer
str = input("Enter the string: ")
length = len(str)
for a in range(0, length, 2):
print(str[a:a+2])
Output
Enter the string: KnowledgeBoat
Kn
ow
le
dg
eB
oa
t

Question 2
Out of the following operators, which ones can be used with
strings in Python?
=, -, *, /, //, %, >, <>, in, not in, <=
Answer
The following Python operators can be used with strings:
=, *, >, in, not in, <=

Question 3
What is the result of following statement, if the input is 'Fun'?
print(input("...") + "trial" + "Ooty" * 3)
Answer
The result of the statement is:
FuntrialOotyOotyOoty

Question 4
Which of the following is not a Python legal string operation?
(a) 'abc' + 'abc'
(b) 'abc' * 3
(c) 'abc' + .3
(d) 'abc.lower()
Answer
'abc' + .3 is not a legal string operation in Python. The operands
of + operator should be both string or both numeric. Here one
operand is string and other is numeric. This is not allowed in
Python.

Question 5
Can you say strings are character lists? Why? Why not?
Answer
Strings are sequence of characters where each character has a
unique index. This implies that strings are iterable like lists but
unlike lists they are immutable so they cannot be modified at
runtime. Therefore, strings can't be considered as character lists.
For example,
str = 'cat'
# The below statement
# is INVALID as strings
# are immutable
str[0] = 'b'

# Considering character lists

strList = ['c', 'a', 't']
# The below statement
# is VALID as lists
# are mutable
strList[0] = 'b'

Question 6
Given a string S = "CARPE DIEM". If n is length/2 (length is the
length of the given string), then what would following return?
(a) S[: n]
(b) S[n :]
(c) S[n : n]
(d) S[1 : n]
(e) S[n : length - 1]
Answer
(a) CARPE
(b) DIEM
(c) (Empty String)
(d) ARPE
(e) DIE
Question 7
From the string S = "CARPE DIEM", which ranges return "DIE"
and "CAR"?
Answer
1. S[6:9] returns DIE
2. S[:3] returns CAR

Question 8
What happens when from a string slice you skip the start and/or
end values of the slice?
Answer
If start value is skipped, it is assumed as 0 i.e. the slice begins
from the start of the string.
If end value is skipped, it is assumed as the last index of the string
i.e. the slice extends till the end of the string.

Question 9
What would the following expressions return?
1. "Hello World".upper( ).lower( )
2. "Hello World".lower( ).upper( )
3. "Hello World".find("Wor", 1, 6)
4. "Hello World".find("Wor")
5. "Hello World".find("wor")
6. "Hello World".isalpha( )
 7. "Hello World".isalnum( )
8. "1234".isdigit( )
9. "123FGH".isdigit( )
Answer
1. hello world
2. HELLO WORLD
3. -1
4. 6
5. -1
6. False
7. False
8. True
9. False
Explanation
1. upper() first converts all letters of "Hello World" to
uppercase. Then "HELLO WORLD".lower() converts all
letters to lowercase.
2. lower() first converts all letters of "Hello World" to
lowercase. Then "hello world".upper() converts all letters to
uppercase.
3. "Hello World".find("Wor", 1, 6) searches for the presence of
substring "Wor" between 1 and 6 indexes of string "Hello
World". Substring from 1 to 6 index is "ello W". As "Wor"
is not present in this hence the result is False.
4. "Hello World".find("Wor") searches for the presence of
substring "Wor" in the entire "Hello World" string. Substring
 "Wor" starts at index 6 of "Hello World" hence the result is
6.
5. "Hello World".find("wor") searches for the presence of
substring "wor" in the entire "Hello World" string. find()
performs case sensitive search so "wor" and "Wor" are
different hence the result is -1.
6. "Hello World".isalpha( ) checks if all characters in the string
as alphabets. As a space is also present in the string hence it
returns False.
7. "Hello World".isalnum( ) checks if all characters in the
string are either alphabets or digits. As a space is also present
in the string which is neither an alphabet nor a string hence
it returns False.
8. "1234".isdigit( ) checks if all characters in the string are
digits or not. As all characters are digits hence the result is
True.
9. As "FGH" in the string "123FGH" are not digits hence the
result is False.

Question 10
Which functions would you choose to use to remove leading and
trailing white spaces from a given string?
Answer
lstrip() removes leading white-spaces, rstrip() removes trailing
white-spaces and strip() removes leading and trailing white-
spaces from a given string.
Question 11
Try to find out if for any case, the string functions isalnum( ) and
isalpha( ) return the same result
Answer
isalnum( ) and isalpha( ) return the same result in the following
cases:
1. If string contains only alphabets then both isalnum( ) and
isalpha( ) return True. For example, "Hello".isalpha() and
"Hello".isalnum() return True.
2. If string contains only special characters and/or white-spaces
then both isalnum( ) and isalpha( ) return False. For example,
"*#".isalpha() and "*#".isalnum() return False.

Question 12
Suggest appropriate functions for the following tasks:
1. To check whether the string contains digits
2. To find for the occurrence a string within another string
3. To convert the first letter of a string to upper case
4. to capitalize all the letters of the string
5. to check whether all letters of the string are in capital letters
6. to remove from right of a string all string-combinations from
a given set of letters
7. to remove all white spaces from the beginning of a string
Answer
1. isdigit()
 2. find()
3. capitalize()
4. upper()
5. isupper()
6. rstrip(characters)
7. lstrip()

Question 13
In a string slice, the start and end values can be beyond limits.
Why?
Answer
String slicing always returns a subsequence and empty
subsequence is a valid sequence. Thus, when a string is sliced
outside the bounds, it still can return empty subsequence and
hence Python gives no errors and returns empty subsequence.

Question 14
Can you specify an out of bound index when accessing a single
character from a string? Why?
Answer
We cannot specify an out of bound index when accessing a single
character from a string, it will cause an error. When we use an
index, we are accessing a constituent character of the string. If the
index is out of bounds there is no character to return from the
given index hence Python throws string index out of range error.
Question 15
Can you add two strings? What effect does ' + ' have on strings?
Answer
Yes two strings can be added using the '+' operator. '+' operator
concatenates two strings.
Type B: Application Based Questions

Question 1a
What is the result of the following expression?
print("""
1
2
3
""")
Answer

1
2
3

Question 1b
What is the result of the following expression?
text = "Test.\nNext line."
print (text)
Answer
Test.
Next line.

Question 1c
What is the result of the following expression?
print ('One', ' Two ' * 2)
print ('One ' + 'Two' * 2)
print (len('10123456789'))
Answer
One Two Two
One TwoTwo
11

Question 1d
What is the result of the following expression?
s = '0123456789'
print(s[3], ", ", s[0 : 3], " - ", s[2 : 5])
print(s[:3], " - ", s[3:], ", ", s[3:100])
print(s[20:], s[2:1], s[1:1])
Answer
3 , 012 - 234
012 - 3456789 , 3456789
Question 1e
What is the result of the following expression?
s ='987654321'
print (s[-1], s[-3])
print (s[-3:], s[:-3])
print (s[-100:-3], s[-100:3])
Answer
13
321 987654
987654 987

Question 2a
What will be the output produced by following code fragments?
y = str(123)
x = "hello" * 3
print (x, y)
x = "hello" + "world"
y = len(x)
print (y, x)
Answer

Output
hellohellohello 123
10 helloworld
Explanation
str(123) converts the number 123 to string and stores in y so y
becomes "123". "hello" * 3 repeats "hello" 3 times and stores it in
x so x becomes "hellohellohello".
"hello" + "world" concatenates both the strings so x becomes
"helloworld". As "helloworld" contains 10 characters so len(x)
returns 10.

Question 2b
What will be the output produced by following code fragments?
x = "hello" + \
"to Python" + \
"world"
for char in x :
y = char
print (y, ' : ', end = ' ')
Answer

Output
h : e : l : l : o : t : o : : P : y : t : h : o : n : w : o
: r : l : d :

Explanation
Inside the for loop, we are traversing the string "helloto
Pythonworld" character by character and printing each character
followed by a colon (:).
Question 2c
What will be the output produced by following code fragments?
x = "hello world"
print (x[:2], x[:-2], x[-2:])
print (x[6], x[2:4])
print (x[2:-3], x[-4:-2])
Answer

Output
he hello wor ld
w ll
llo wo or

Explanation

x[:2] ⇒ he
x[:-2] ⇒ hello wor
x[-2:] ⇒ ld
x[6] ⇒ w
x[2:4] ⇒ ll

x[2:-3] ⇒ llo wo
x[-4:-2] ⇒ or

Question 3
Carefully go through the code given below and answer the
questions based on it :
theStr = " This is a test "
inputStr = input(" Enter integer: ")
inputlnt = int(inputStr)
testStr = theStr
while inputlnt >= 0 :
testStr = testStr[1:-1]
inputlnt = inputlnt - 1
testBool = 't' in testStr
print (theStr) # Line 1
print (testStr) # Line 2
print (inputlnt) # Line 3
print (testBool) # Line 4
(i) Given the input integer 3, what output is produced by Line 1?
1. This is a test
2. This is a
3. is a test
4. is a
5. None of these
Answer
Option 1 — This is a test
(ii) Given the input integer 3, what output is produced by Line 2?
1. This is a test
2. s is a t
3. is a test
4. is a
5. None of these
Answer
Option 2 — s is a t

Explanation
As input is 3 and inside the while loop, inputlnt decreases by 1 in
each iteration so the while loop executes 4 times for inputlnt
values 3, 2, 1, 0.
1st Iteration
testStr = "This is a test"
2nd Iteration
testStr = "his is a tes"
3rd Iteration
testStr = "is is a te"
4th Iteration
testStr = "s is a t"
(iii) Given the input integer 2, what output is produced by Line 3?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3
5. None of these
Answer
Option 5 — None of these
Explanation
Value of inputlnt will be -1 as till inputlnt >= 0 the while loop will
continue executing.
(iv) Given the input integer 2, what output is produced by Line 4?
1. False
2. True
3. 0
4. 1
5. None of these
Answer
Option 2 — True

Explanation
As input is 2 and inside the while loop, inputlnt decreases by 1 in
each iteration so the while loop executes 3 times for inputlnt
values 2, 1, 0.
1st Iteration
testStr = "This is a test"
2nd Iteration
testStr = "his is a tes"
3rd Iteration
testStr = "is is a te"
After the while loop finishes executing, value of testStr is "is is a
te". 't' in testStr returns True as letter t is present in testStr.
Question 4
Carefully go through the code given below and answer the
questions based on it :
testStr = "abcdefghi"
inputStr = input ("Enter integer:")
inputlnt = int(inputStr)
count = 2
newStr = ''
while count <= inputlnt :
newStr = newStr + testStr[0 : count]
testStr = testStr[2:] #Line 1
count = count + 1
print (newStr) # Line 2
print (testStr) # Line 3
print (count) # Line 4
print (inputlnt) # Line 5
(i) Given the input integer 4, what output is produced by Line 2?
1. abcdefg
2. aabbccddeeffgg
3. abcdeefgh
4. ghi
5. None of these
Answer
Option 3 — abcdeefgh
Explanation
Input integer is 4 so while loop will execute 3 times for values of
count as 2, 3, 4.
1st Iteration
newStr = newStr + testStr[0:2]
⇒ newStr = '' + ab
⇒ newStr = ab
testStr = testStr[2:]
⇒ testStr = cdefghi
2nd Iteration
newStr = newStr + testStr[0:3]
⇒ newStr = ab + cde
⇒ newStr = abcde
testStr = testStr[2:]
⇒ testStr = efghi
3rd Iteration
newStr = newStr + testStr[0:4]
⇒ newStr = abcde + efgh
⇒ newStr = abcdeefgh
testStr = testStr[2:]
⇒ testStr = ghi
(ii) Given the input integer 4, what output is produced by Line 3?
1. abcdefg
2. aabbccddeeffgg
 3. abcdeefgh
4. ghi
5. None of these
Answer
Option 4 — ghi

Explanation
Input integer is 4 so while loop will execute 3 times for values of
count as 2, 3, 4.
1st Iteration
testStr = testStr[2:]
⇒ testStr = cdefghi
2nd Iteration
testStr = testStr[2:]
⇒ testStr = efghi
3rd Iteration
testStr = testStr[2:]
⇒ testStr = ghi
(iii) Given the input integer 3, what output is produced by Line 4?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3
5. None of these
Answer
Option 5 — None of these

Explanation
Looking at the condition of while loop — while count <= inputlnt,
the while loop will stop executing when count becomes greater
than inputlnt. Value of inputlnt is 3 so when loop stops executing
count will be 4.
(iv) Given the input integer 3, what output is produced by Line 5?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3
5. None of these
Answer
Option 4 — 3

Explanation
The input is converted from string to integer and after that its
value is unchanged in the code so line 5 prints the input integer 3.
(v) Which statement is equivalent to the statement found in Line
1?
1. testStr = testStr[2:0]
2. testStr = testStr[2:-1]
3. testStr = testStr[2:-2]
 4. testStr = testStr - 2
5. None of these
Answer
Option 5 — None of these

Question 5
Carefully go through the code given below and answer the
questions based on it :
inputStr = input(" Give me a string:")
biglnt = 0
littlelnt = 0
otherlnt = 0
for ele in inputStr:
if ele >= 'a' and ele <= 'm': # Line 1
littlelnt = littlelnt + 1
elif ele > 'm' and ele <= 'z':
biglnt = biglnt + 1
else:
otherlnt = otherlnt + 1
print (biglnt) # Line 2
print (littlelnt) # Line 3
print (otherlnt) # Line 4
print (inputStr.isdigit()) # Line 5
(i) Given the input abcd what output is produced by Line 2?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
 4. 3
5. 4
Answer
Option 1 — 0

Explanation
In the input abcd, all the letters are between a and m so the
condition — if ele >= 'a' and ele <= 'm' is always true. Hence,
biglnt is 0.
(ii) Given the input Hi Mom what output is produced by Line 3?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 3
5. None of these
Answer
Option 3 — 2

Explanation
In the input Hi Mom, only two letters i and m satisfy the condition
— if ele >= 'a' and ele <= 'm'. Hence, value of littlelnt is 2.
(iii) Given the input Hi Mom what output is produced by Line 4?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
 4. 3
5. None of these
Answer
Option 4 — 3

Explanation
In the input Hi Mom, 3 characters H, M and space are not between
a and z. So for these 3 characters the statement in else part
— otherlnt = otherlnt + 1 is executed. Hence, value of otherlnt is
3.
(iv) Given the input 1+2 =3 what output is produced by Line 5?
1. 0
2. 1
3. True
4. False
5. None of these
Answer
Option 4 — False

Explanation
As all characters in the input string 1+2 =3 are not digits hence
isdigit() returns False.
(v) Give the input Hi Mom, what changes result from modifying
Line 1 from
if ele >= 'a' and ele <='m' to the expression
if ele >= 'a' and ele < 'm'?
1. No change
2. otherlnt would be larger
3. littlelnt would be larger
4. biglnt would be larger
5. None of these
Answer
Option 2 — otherlnt would be larger

Explanation
For letter m, now else case will be executed increasing the value
of otherlnt.

Question 6
Carefully go through the code given below and answer the
questions based on it :
in1Str = input(" Enter string of digits: ")
in2Str = input(" Enter string of digits: ")

if len(in1Str)>len(in2Str):
small = in2Str
large = in1Str
else:
small = in1Str
large = in2Str
newStr = ''
for element in small:
result = int(element) + int(large[0])
newStr = newStr + str(result)
large = large[1:]
print (len(newStr)) # Line 1
print (newStr) # Line 2
print (large) # Line 3
print (small) # Line 4
(i) Given a first input of 12345 and a second input of 246, what
result is produced by Line 1?
1. 1
2. 3
3. 5
4. 0
5. None of these
Answer
Option 2 — 3

Explanation
As length of smaller input is 3, for loop executes 3 times so 3
characters are added to newStr. Hence, length of newStr is 3.
(ii) Given a first input of 12345 and a second input of 246, what
result is produced by Line 2?
1. 369
2. 246
3. 234
 4. 345
5. None of these
Answer
Option 1 — 369

Explanation
For loop executes 3 times as length of smaller input is 3.
1st Iteration
result = 2 + 1
⇒ result = 3
newStr = '' + '3'
⇒ newStr = '3'
large = 2345
2nd Iteration
result = 4 + 2
⇒ result = 6
newStr = '3' + '6'
⇒ newStr = '36'
large = 345
3rd Iteration
result = 6 + 3
⇒ result = 9
 newStr = '36' + '9'
⇒ newStr = '369'
large = 45
Final value of newStr is '369'.
(iii) Given a first input of 123 and a second input of 4567, what
result is produced by Line 3?
1. 3
2. 7
3. 12
4. 45
5. None of these
Answer
Option 2 — 7

Explanation
For loop executes 3 times as length of smaller input is 3. Initial
value of large is 4567.
1st Iteration
large = large[1:]
⇒ large = 567
2nd Iteration large = large[1:]
⇒ large = 67
3rd Iteration large = large[1:]
⇒ large = 7
(iv) Given a first input of 123 and a second input of 4567, what
result is produced by Line 4?
1. 123
2. 4567
3. 7
4. 3
5. None of these
Answer
Option 1 — 123

Explanation
As length of 123 is less than length of 4567 so 123 is assigned to
variable small and gets printed in line 4.

Question 7a
Find the output if the input string is 'Test'.
S = input("Enter String :")
RS = " "
for ch in S :
RS = ch + RS
print(S + RS)
Answer

Output
TesttseT
Explanation
The for loop reverses the input string and stores the reversed
string in variable RS. After that original string and reversed string
are concatenated and printed.

Question 7b
Find the output if the input string is 'Test'.
S = input("Enter String :")
RS = " "
for ch in S :
RS = ch + 2 + RS
print(S + RS)
Answer
The program gives an error at line RS = ch + 2 + RS. The
operands to + are a mix of string and integer which is not allowed
in Python.

Question 8a
Find the errors. Find the line numbers causing errors.
1. S = "PURA VIDA"
2. print(S[9] + S[9 : 15])
Answer
The error is in line 2. Length of string S is 9 so its indexes range
for 0 to 8. S[9] is causing error as we are trying to access out of
bound index.
Question 8b
Find the errors. Find the line numbers causing errors.
1. S = "PURA VIDA"
2. S1 = S[: 10] +S[10 :]
3. S2 = S[10] + S[-10]
Answer
The error is in line 3. Length of string S is 9 so its forward indexes
range for 0 to 8 and backwards indexes range from -1 to -9. S[10]
and S[-10] are trying to access out of bound indexes.

Question 8c
Find the errors. Find the line numbers causing errors.
1. S = "PURA VIDA"
2. S1 = S * 2
3. S2 = S1[-19] + S1[-20]
4. S3 = S1[-19 :]
Answer
The error is in line 3. S1[-19] and S1[-20] are trying to access out
of bound indexes.

Question 8d
Find the errors. Find the line numbers causing errors.
1. S = "PURA VIDA"
2. S1 = S[: 5]
 3. S2 = S[5 :]
4. S3 = S1 * S2
5. S4 = S2 + '3'
6. S5 = S1 + 3
Answer
The errors are in line 4 and line 6. Two strings cannot be
multiplied. A string and an integer cannot be added.

Question 9
What is the output produced?
(i) >>> "whenever" .find("never")
(ii) >>> "whenever" .find("what")
Answer
(i) 3
The starting index of substring "never" in "whenever" is 3.
(ii) -1
Substring "what" is not present in "whenever".

Question 10
What is the output produced?
(i) >>> "-".join(['123','365','1319'])
(ii) >>> " ".join(['Python', 'is', 'fun'])
Answer
(i) '123-365-1319'
(ii) 'Python is fun'

Question 11
Given a string S, write expressions to print
1. first five characters of S
2. Ninth character of S
3. reversed S
4. alternate characters from reversed S
Answer
1. print(S[:5])
2. print(S[8])
3. for a in range(-1, (-len(S) - 1), -1) :
print(S[a], end = '')
4. for a in range(-1, (-len(S) - 1), -2) :
print(S[a], end = '')
Type C: Programming Practice/Knowledge based Questions

Question 1
Write a program to count the number of times a character occurs
in the given string.

Solution
str = input("Enter the string: ")
ch = input("Enter the character to count: ");
c = str.count(ch)
print(ch, "occurs", c, "times")

Output
Enter the string: KnowledgeBoat
Enter the character to count: e
e occurs 2 times

Question 2
Write a program which replaces all vowels in the string with '*'.

Solution
str = input("Enter the string: ")
newStr = ""
for ch in str :
lch = ch.lower()
if lch == 'a' \
or lch == 'e' \
or lch == 'i' \
or lch == 'o' \
or lch == 'u' :
newStr += '*'
else :
newStr += ch
print(newStr)

Output
Enter the string: Computer Studies
C*mp*t*r St*d**s
Question 3
Write a program which reverses a string and stores the reversed
string in a new string.

Solution
str = input("Enter the string: ")
newStr = ""
for ch in str :
newStr = ch + newStr
print(newStr)

Output
Enter the string: computer studies
seiduts retupmoc

Question 4
Write a program that prompts for a phone number of 10 digits and
two dashes, with dashes after the area code and the next three
numbers. For example, 017-555-1212 is a legal input. Display if
the phone number entered is valid format or not and display if the
phone number is valid or not (i.e., contains just the digits and dash
at specific places.)

Solution
phNo = input("Enter the phone number: ")
length = len(phNo)
if length == 12 \
and phNo[3] == "-" \
 and phNo[7] == "-" \
and phNo[:3].isdigit() \
and phNo[4:7].isdigit() \
and phNo[8:].isdigit() :
print("Valid Phone Number")
else :
print("Invalid Phone Number")

Output
Enter the phone number: 017-555-1212
Valid Phone Number

=====================================

Enter the phone number: 017-5A5-1212

Invalid Phone Number

Question 5
Write a program that should do the following :
• prompt the user for a string
• extract all the digits from the string
• If there are digits:
o sum the collected digits together

o print out the original string, the digits, the sum of the

digits
• If there are no digits:
o print the original string and a message "has no digits"

Sample
 • given the input : abc123
prints abc123 has the digits 123 which sum to 6
• given the input : abcd
prints abcd has no digits

Solution
str = input("Enter the string: ")
sum = 0
digitStr = ''
for ch in str :
if ch.isdigit() :
digitStr += ch
sum += int(ch)
if not digitStr :
print(str, "has no digits")
else :
print(str, "has the digits", digitStr, "which sum to", sum)

Output
Enter the string: abc123
abc123 has the digits 123 which sum to 6

=====================================

Enter the string: KnowledgeBoat

KnowledgeBoat has no digits
Question 6
Write a program that should prompt the user to type some
sentence(s) followed by "enter". It should then print the original
sentence(s) and the following statistics relating to the sentence(s)
:
• Number of words
• Number of characters (including white-space and
punctuation)
• Percentage of characters that are alphanumeric
Hints
• Assume any consecutive sequence of non-blank characters
is a word.

Solution
str = input("Enter a few sentences: ")
length = len(str)
spaceCount = 0
alnumCount = 0

for ch in str :
if ch.isspace() :
spaceCount += 1
elif ch.isalnum() :
alnumCount += 1

alnumPercent = alnumCount / length * 100

print("Original Sentences:")
print(str)

print("Number of words =", (spaceCount + 1))

print("Number of characters =", (length + 1))
print("Alphanumeric Percentage =", alnumPercent)

Output
Enter a few sentences: Python was conceived in the late 1980s by
Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)
in the Netherlands. Its implementation began in December 1989.
Python 3.0 was released on 3 December 2008.
Original Sentences:
Python was conceived in the late 1980s by Guido van Rossum at
Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands. Its
implementation began in December 1989. Python 3.0 was
released on 3 December 2008.
Number of words = 34
Number of characters = 206
Alphanumeric Percentage = 80.48780487804879

Question 7
Write a Python program as per specifications given below:
• Repeatedly prompt for a sentence (string) or for 'q' to quit.
• Upon input of a sentence s, print the string produced from s
by converting each lower case letter to upper case and each
upper case letter to lower case.
• All other characters are left unchanged.
For example,
Please enter a sentence, or 'q' to quit : This is the Bomb!
tHIS IS THE bOMB!
Please enter a sentence, or 'q ' to quit : What's up Doc ???
wHAT'S UP dOC ???
Please enter a sentence, or 'q' to quit : q

Solution
while True :
str = input("Please enter a sentence, or 'q' to quit : ")
newStr = ""
if str.lower() == "q" :
break
for ch in str :
if ch.islower() :
newStr += ch.upper()
elif ch.isupper() :
newStr += ch.lower()
else :
newStr += ch
print(newStr)

Output
Please enter a sentence, or 'q' to quit : This is the Bomb!
tHIS IS THE bOMB!
Please enter a sentence, or 'q' to quit : What's up Doc ???
wHAT'S UP dOC ???
Please enter a sentence, or 'q' to quit : q
Question 8
Write a program that does the following :
• takes two inputs : the first, an integer and the second, a string
• from the input string extract all the digits, in the order they
occurred, from the string.
o if no digits occur, set the extracted digits to 0

• add the integer input and the digits extracted from the string
together as integers
• print a string of the form :
"integer_input + string_digits = sum"
For example :
For inputs 12, 'abc123' → '12 + 123 = 135'
For inputs 20, 'a5b6c7' → '20 + 567 =587'
For inputs 100, 'hi mom' → '100 + 0 = 100'

Solution
num = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
str = input("Enter the string: ")

digitsStr = ''
digitsNum = 0;

for ch in str :
if ch.isdigit() :
digitsStr += ch

if digitsStr :
digitsNum = int(digitsStr)
print(num, "+", digitsNum, "=", (num + digitsNum))

Output
Enter an integer: 12
Enter the string: abc123
12 + 123 = 135

=====================================

Enter an integer: 20
Enter the string: a5b6c7
20 + 567 = 587

=====================================

Enter an integer: 100

Enter the string: hi mom
100 + 0 = 100

Question 9
Write a program that takes two strings from the user and displays
the smaller string in single line and the larger string as per this
format :
1st letter last letter
2nd letter 2nd last letter
3rd letter 3rd last letter
For example,
if the two strings entered are Python and PANDA then the output
of the program should be :
PANDA
P n
y o
t h

Solution
str1 = input("Enter first string: ")
str2 = input("Enter second string: ")

small = str1
large = str2

if len(str1) > len(str2) :

large = str1
small = str2

print(small)

lenLarge = len(large)
for i in range(lenLarge // 2) :
print(' ' * i, large[i], ' ' * (lenLarge - 2 * i), large[lenLarge - i -
1], sep='')

Output
Enter first string: Python
Enter second string: PANDA
PANDA
P n
y o
t h

Question 10
Write a program to convert a given number into equivalent
Roman number (store its value as a string). You can use following
guidelines to develop solution for it:
• From the given number, pick successive digits, using %10
and /10 to gather the digits from right to left.
• The rules for Roman Numerals involve using four pairs of
symbols for ones and five, tens and fifties, hundreds and five
hundreds. An additional symbol for thousands covers all the
relevant bases.
• When a number is followed by the same or smaller number,
it means addition. "II" is two 1's = 2. "VI" is 5 + 1 = 6.
• When one number is followed by a larger number, it means
subtraction. "IX" is 1 before 10 = 9. "IIX isn't allowed, this
would be "VIII". For numbers from 1 to 9, the symbols are
"I" and "V", and the coding works like this. "I" , "II", "III",
"IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX".
• The same rules work for numbers from 10 to 90, using "X"
and "L". For numbers from 100 to 900, using the symbols
"C" and "D". For numbers between 1000 and 4000, using
"M".
Here are some examples. 1994 = MCMXCIV, 1956 = MCMLVI,
3888= MMMDCCCLXXXVIII
Solution
n = int(input("Enter the number: "))
num = (1000, 900, 500, 400, 100, 90, 50, 40, 10, 9, 5, 4, 1)
rom = ('M', 'CM', 'D', 'CD','C', 'XC','L','XL','X','IX','V','IV','I')

result = ''

for i in range(len(num)) :
count = int(n / num[i])
result += str(rom[i] * count)
n -= num[i] * count

print(result)

Output
Enter the number: 1994
MCMXCIV

=====================================

Enter the number: 1956

MCMLVI

=====================================

Enter the number: 3888

MMMDCCCLXXXVIII
Question 11
Write a program that asks the user for a string (only single space
between words) and returns an estimate of how many words are
in the string. (Hint. Count number of spaces)

Solution
str = input("Enter a string: ")
count = 0
for ch in str :
if ch.isspace() :
count += 1
print("No of words =", (count + 1))

Output
Enter a string: Python was conceived in the late 1980s by Guido
van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the
Netherlands.
No of words = 20

Question 12
Write a program to input a formula with some brackets and
checks, and prints out if the formula has the same number of
opening and closing parentheses.

Solution
str = input("Enter a formula: ")
count = 0
for ch in str :
if ch == '(' :
count += 1
elif ch == ')' :
count -= 1

if count == 0 :
print("Formula has same number of opening and closing
parentheses")
else :
print("Formula has unequal number of opening and closing
parentheses")

Output
Enter a formula: s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
Formula has same number of opening and closing parentheses

=====================================

Enter a formula: s((s-a)(s-b)(s-c)

Formula has unequal number of opening and closing parentheses

Question 13
Write a program that inputs a line of text and prints out the count
of vowels in it.

Solution
str = input("Enter a string: ")
count = 0
for ch in str :
lch = ch.lower()
if lch == 'a' \
or lch == 'e' \
or lch == 'i' \
or lch == 'o' \
or lch == 'u' :
count += 1

print("Vowel Count =", count)

Output
Enter a string: Internet of Things
Vowel Count = 5

Question 14
Write a program to input a line of text and print the biggest word
(length wise) from it.

Solution
str = input("Enter a string: ")
words = str.split()
longWord = ''

for w in words :
if len(w) > len(longWord) :
longWord = w
print("Longest Word =", longWord)

Output
Enter a string: TATA FOOTBALL ACADEMY WILL PLAY
AGAINST MOHAN BAGAN
Longest Word = FOOTBALL

Question 15
Write a program to input a line of text and create a new line of
text where each word of input line is reversed.

Solution
str = input("Enter a string: ")
words = str.split()
newStr = ""

for w in words :
rw = ""
for ch in w :
rw = ch + rw
newStr += rw + " "

print(newStr)

Output
Enter a string: Python is Fun
nohtyP si nuF