Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

1. What is the polar section modulus of a solid shaft with a diameter of 101.6 mm?
a) 209.5 cm3 b) 209.5 cm4 c) 205.9 cm3 d) 205.9 cm4

Answer: c) 205.9 cm3

J 2J π π
Z j = = = D3 = ( 10 .16 )3 =205. 9 cm 3
Solution: c D 16 16
2. With the water interruptions prevailing in your town, you have been asked to design an upright
cylindrical water tank 6 meters in diameter and 6 meters high, vented, and to be filled completely with
water. Determine the minimum thickness of the tank plate if the stress is limited to 40 Mpa.
a) 3.3 mm b) 4.4 mm c) 5.5 mm d) 8.8 mm

Answer: b) Thickness, t = 4.4 mm

Solution: p= ρ gh=( 1000 ) ( 9.8066 ) ( 6 )=58 839 .6 Pa=58 .8396 kPa

pD ( 58 . 8396 ) ( 6 )
t= = =0 . 00441 m=4 . 41 mm
2 st 2 ( 40 000 )
3. A steel shaft 1.75 inches in diameter transmits 40 Hp at 1800 rpm. Assuming a modulus of rigidity of
12 x 106 psi, find the torsional deflection of the shaft in degrees per foot length.
a) 0.0073 b) 0.0037 c) 0.0063 d) 0.00013

θ T 32T
= = =
32 (63 000n Hp ) =32[ 63000
1800
( 40 )
] =0 . 00013 radian=0 . 0073
L JG πD4 G π D4 G π ( 1 . 75 ) ( 12 x 106 )
4
Solution:

4. A helical-coil spring has a mean coil diameter of 1 inch and a wire diameter of 1/8 inch. Determine
the curve correction factor of the spring.
a) 1.144 b) 1.44 c) 1.1144 d) 1.1414

Answer: Curve Correction Factor, Kc = 1.1144

4 C−1 0. 615
K w 4 C−4 + C 1 . 184
Kc= = = =1 .1144
Ks 2 C+1 1 . 0625
Solution: 2C
5. A vise is equipped with a 1-inch single square thread, with 4 threads per inch. The frictional radius of
the collar is 0.5 inch. The coefficient of friction for both the collar and threads is 0.20. How much
external torque must be applied to produce a force of 200 lb against the jaws of the vise?
a) 39.73 in-lb b) 33.97 in-lb c) 37.93 in-lb d) 39.37 in-lb

Answer: c) 37.93 in-lb

1
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

Vise Jaw
Screw
Collar Nut
Handle
F = 200 lb

Solution:

For the thread pitch,

For the minor diameter, Di = Do – p = 1 – 0.25 = 0.75 inch

For the mean or pitch diameter of the screw,

For the lead angle,

Solving for the torque required to overcome the collar friction,

Solving for the torque required to overcome the thread friction,

Solving for the total torque,

T = Ts + Tc = 25.93 + 20 = 45.93 inches ans.

6. A helical-coil spring has a mean coil diameter of 1 inch and a wire diameter of 1/8 inch. Determine
the Wahl factor of the spring.
a) 1.148 b) 1.184 c) 1.418 d) 1.814

Answer: b) Wahl Factor, Kw = 1.184

Dm 1
C= = =8 4 C−1 0 . 615 4 ( 8 )−1 0 . 615
d 1 K w= + = + =1 .184
Solution: 8 4 C−4 C 4 ( 8 ) −8 8
7. A helical-coil spring has a mean coil diameter of 1 inch and a wire diameter of 1/8 inch. Determine
the value of Bergstrassar factor of the spring.
2
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

a) 1.172 b) 1.712 c) 1.217 d) 1.271

Answer: a) Bergstrassar Factor, KB = 1.1724

Dm 1
C= = =8 4 C +2 4 ( 8 ) +2
d 1 K B= = =1 . 1724
Solution: 8 4 C−3 4 ( 8 )−3
8. Compute the tooth thickness of a 14.5o spur gear with diametral pitch of 5.
a) 0.23140 inch b) 0.31416 inch c) 0.43140 inch d) 0.03140 inch

Answer: b) Tooth thickness, t = 0.31416 inch

1. 5708 1. 5708
t= = =0 .31416 inch
Solution: pd 5
9. Compute the speed of the gear mounted on a 52.5 mm diameter shaft receiving power from a driving
motor with 250 Hp.
a) 2 182 rpm b) 2 071 rpm c) 2 265 rpm d) 2 341 rpm

Answer: c) The speed, N = 2265 rpm

80 P 80 (250 )
= N= =2 264 . 92 rpm

Solution: From PSME Code:

D3 52 .5 3
25 . 4 ( )
10. Compute the working strength of 1 inch bolt which is screwed up tightly in packed joint when the
allowable working stress is 13000 psi.
a) 3 600 lb b) 3 950 lb c) 3 900 lb d) 3 800 lb

Answer c) The working strength, W = 3 900 lb

Solution: From machinery’s Handbook, page 1149:

W =s t ( 0. 55 d −0 .25 d )=( 13 000 ) [ 0 . 55 (1 ) −0 . 25 ( 1 ) ]=3 900 lb
2 2

11. Compute the nominal shear stress at the surface, in MPa, for a 50 mm diameter shaft that is subjected
to a torque of 0.48 kN-m.
a) 16.95 b) 21.65 c) 19.56 d) 25.12

Answer: Shear Stress, ss = 19.56 MPa

16 T 16 ( 0 . 48 )
s s= = =19 556 . 96 kPa=19 . 56 MPa
Solution: π D3 π ( 0 . 050 )3

12. A hollow iron pipe to be designed as a column has an outside diameter of 240 mm and is subjected to
a force of 80 KN. Find the pipe thickness if the compressive stress is limited to 16 MPa.
a. 5.85 mm b. 6.85 mm c. 7.85 mm d. 8.85 mm

Answer: b) Pipe thickness, t = 6.85 mm

3
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

Solution: Inside Diameter, √

Di = D2o −
4F
πs √
= ( 0 . 24 )2 −
4 ( 80 )
π ( 16 000 )
=0 . 2263 m−226 .3 mm

D o −Di 240−226 .3
t= = =6 . 85 mm
Thickness of the Pipe, 2 2
13. A uniform beam 12 meters long is fixed at one end. It has a uniform weight of 50 kg/m along its
length. A load of 20 kgs. is suspended on the beam 4 m from the free end. The moment at the fixed
end is
a. 3760 kg-m b. 0.0 kg-m c. 60 kg-m d. 4800 kg-m
W = 50 (12) = 600 kg
Answer: a) 3760 kg-m
F = 20 kgs
Solution: Bending Moment,

M=6 ( 600 ) +8 ( 20 ) =3 760 kg⋅m 6m

8m

14. A 20o straight-tooth bevel pinion having 14 teeth and a diametral pitch of 6 teeth/inch drives a 42-
tooth gear. The two shafts are at right angles and in the same plane. Find the pitch angle of the pinion.
a) 18.4o b) 20o c) 14.5o d) 20.5o

Answer: a) Pitch angle of the pinion = 18.4o

( ) ( )
Tp 14
γ=tan−1 =tan−1 =18 . 4 o
Tg 42
Solution:

15. A 20o straight-tooth bevel pinion having 14 teeth and a diametral pitch of 6 teeth/inch drives a 32-
tooth gear. The two shafts are at right angles and in the same plane. The pinion is to transmit 1800
rpm and transmitting 50 hp. Determine the pitch diameters of the gears.
a) 2.33 inches and 5.36 inches b) 3.23 inches and 3.56 inches
c) 5.36 inches and 6.36 inches d) 2.33 inches and 2.33 inches

Answer: a) 2.33 inches and 5.36 inches

Solution:

16. A 1-inch diameter shaft has a single disc weighing 75 lb mounted midway between two bearings 20”
apart. Find the lowest critical speed in rpm. Neglect the weight of the shaft. Assume that the modulus
of elasticity is 30 x 106 psi.
a) 2038 rpm b) 2308 rpm c) 2380 rpm d) 2803 rpm
W = 75 lb
Solution:

D = 1 inch E = 30 x 106 psi L = 20 inches

4 10” 10”
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

Moment of Inertia,

Solving for the lowest critical speed,

17. A flywheel weighing 457 kg has a radius of 375 mm. How much energy, in N-m, does the flywheel
loss from 3 rps to 2.8 rps?
a) 368 b) 150 c) 1474 d) 38

Answer: c) Flywheel Energy =1474

Solution: V 1 =2 π ( 0. 375 ) ( 3 ) =7 .069 m/s

m ( V 21−V 22 ) 457 [ ( 7 . 069 )2 −( 6 .597 )2 ]

Δ KE = = =1 473 . 91 N⋅m
2 2

18. A triple threaded worm has a pitch diameter of 3 inches. The wheel has 25 teeth and a pitch diameter
of 5 inches. Material for both the wheel and the wheel is phosphor bronze. Determine the helix angle
of the gear.
a) 11.31o b) 13.11o c) 11.13o d) 10.13o

Answer: Gear Helix angle = 11.31o

Solution: Circular pitch of the worm gear,

Where, Pc = Pa = pitch of the worm

Solving for the lead, L = Nt Pa = 3(0.6283) = 1.8849 inches

Solving for the lead angle of the worm,

For the helix angle, and considering that the shafts angle is 90o,

g =  = 11.31o ans.

19. What is the largest roller chain size that can be used for power transmission at a sprocket speed of
1000 rpm?
a) RC 35 b) RC 50 c) RC 80 d) RC 60

Answer: d) RC 60

5
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

( ) ( )
2 2
900 900 3
pmax ≤ 3 pmax= =0.932 in
Note: Max. Chain Pitch in Practice: n 1000

Since RC 80, p = 1 inch exceeds the maximum and RC 70 does not exist, and then use RC 60.

20. A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70 kN. The screw has a major diameter of 36
mm and a pitch of 6 mm. The coefficient of thread friction and collar friction are 0.13 and 0.10
respectively. If the collar mean diameter is 90 mm and the screw turns at 60 rpm, find the axial linear
speed of the screw.
a) 5 mm/s b) 6 mm/s c) 7 mm/s d) 5.5 mm/s

Answer: b) 6 mm/s

Solution: For the linear speed of the screw, Vn = n (L) = (60 rpm)(6 mm/rev) = 360 mm/min = 6 mm/s

21. A double thread ACME screw driven by a motor at 400 rpm raises the attached load of 900 kg at a
speed of 10 m/min. The screw has a pitch diameter of 36 mm; the coefficient of friction on threads is
0.15. The friction torque on the thrust bearing of the motor is taken as 20 % of the total input.
Determine the lead angle.
a) 12.465o b) 14.265o c) 15.462o d) 16.452o

Answer: a) 12.465o

V 10
L= = =0 . 025 m=25 mm
Solution: For the lead, n 400

For the lead angle,

λ=tan−1
L
πDm ( )
=tan −1
25
36 π
=12. 465 o ( )
22. What Hp can a 1-inch diameter short shaft transmit at 380 rpm?
a) 3 Hp b) 18 Hp c) 10 Hp d) 7.1 Hp

Answer: c) 10 Hp

D3 N ( 1 )3 (380 )
P= = =10 Hp
Solution: 38 38

23. A spur pinion rotates at 600 rpm and transmits 25 kW to a mating gear. The pitch diameter of the
pinion is 100 mm, and the pressure angle is 20o. Determine the tangential load, in N.
a) 7660 b) 6790 c) 3900 d) 3098

Solution:
Ft= ( D2 )( 30π Pn )=( 0 .210 ) [ 30π( 25( 600000) ) ]=7 957 .75 N
24. A multiple-disk clutch, composed of three plates with a small diameter of 150 mm and large diameter
of 200 mm, is designed to transmit 100 kW at 3000 rpm at a coefficient of friction of 0.5. Determine
the spring force needed to engage the clutch.
a) 2820 N b) 2428 N c) 5460 N d) 3638 N
6
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

Answer: 3638 N

Solution:
T=
30 P 30 ( 100 )
=
π n π ( 3000 )
=0 .3183 kN⋅m=318 .3 N⋅m T =f⋅P⋅r f⋅N fs =f⋅P⋅
4 [
( D +d )
⋅N fs
]
4T 4 (318 300 )
P= = =3 637 .71 N
f⋅( D+d )⋅N fs 0 .5 ( 200+ 150 ) ( 2 )

25. A wire rope lifts a load of 10 kips at a maximum speed of 1000 feet per minute, attained in 5 seconds
starting from rest. The rope has a metallic cross sectional area of 0.4 in 2. Determine the maximum
tensile stress on the rope in ksi.
a) 26.2 b) 25.0 c) 27.6 d) 32.4

Answer: c) maximum tensile stress = 27.6 MPa

Solution:
a=
V 1−V o
t
=
( 1000/60 ) −0
5
=3 .33 fps2 ( ) a
g (
F=W L 1+ = (10 000 ) 1+ )
3.33
32 .2
=11 034 .16 lb
11, 034 .16
St = =27 585 . 4 psi=27 . 6 ksi
0. 4

26. What is the bursting steam pressure of a hemispherical steel shell with a diameter of 100 inches and
made of 0.0635-m thick steel plate, if the joint efficiency is 70 % and the tensile strength is 60 000
psi?
a) 4 020 psi b) 4 200 psi c) 2 400 psi d) 2 040 psi

Answer: b) 4200 psi

p=
4t s E l
=
( 25. 4 )
63 .5
j
4in ( 60 000 lb/in ) ( 0 . 70 )
2

=4 200 psi
Solution: D 100 in .

Where,p = bursting pressure, psi sl = shell stress, psi

t = shell thickness, inches D = shell diameter, inches
Ej = joint efficiency

pD
s L=
Note: For the longitudinal stress of the thin-walled cylinder, and the stress for spherical tank: 4 t Ej
27. A cylinder having an internal diameter if 508 mm and external diameter if 914.4 mm is subjected to
an internal pressure of 69 MPa and an external pressure of 14 MPa. Determine the hoop stress at the
inner surface of the cylinder.
a) 90.11 MPa b) 91.10 MPa c) 911.0 MPa d) 19.10 Mpa

Answer: a) 90.11 MPaa

7
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

[( )( )] ( )
2 2 2
914 . 4 508 914 . 4
( 69 MPa ) mm + mm −2 ( 14 MPa ) mm
pi ( r 2o +r 2i )−2 po r 2o 2 2 2
sti = =
r 2o −r 2i
( ) ( )
2 2
914 . 4 508
mm − mm
Solution: 2 2
sti = 90.11 Mpa

Where,sti = maximum tangential or hoop stress at the inside ri = inside radius, mm

pi = internal pressure, Mpa ro = outside radius, mm
po = external pressure, Mpa
2 pi r 2i − p o (r 2o +r 2i )
sto =
Note: For the maximum tangential or hoop stress at the outside, r 2o−r 2i

28. What length of a square key is required for a 4-in diameter shaft transmitting 1000 hp at 1000 rpm?
The allowable shear and compressive stresses in the key are 15 ksi and 30 ksi, respectively.
a) 2.1 inches b) 2.8 inches c) 3.2 inches d) 4.2 inches

Answer: a) 2.1 inches

63000 Hp 63000 (1000 )

T= = =63 000 in⋅lb
Solution: Transmitted torque, n 1000
D
b≈ , for good proportion
Key width, 4
2T 2 ( 63 000 )
L= = =2 . 1 inches
Key length based on shear, s s bD 15 000 ( 1 ) ( 4 )
4T 4 ( 63 000 )
L= = =2 . 1
Key length based on compression, s c t D 30 000 ( 1 ) ( 4 )
Therefore, use L = 2.1 inches

29. The root diameter of a double square thread is 0.55 inch. The screw has a pitch of 0.2 inch. Find the
number of thread per inch.
a) 0.2 threads/inch b) 10 threads/inch c) 5 threads/inch d) 2.5 threads/inch

Answer: TPI = 5 threads per inch

Solution:
1 1
TPI = = =5 threads/inch
The number of threads per inch, p 0.2

30. A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70 kN. The screw has a major diameter of 36
mm and a pitch of 6 mm. The coefficient of thread friction and collar friction are 0.13 and 0.10
respectively. If the collar mean diameter is 90 mm and the screw turns at 60 rpm, find the combined
efficiency of the screw and collar.
a) 15.32 % b) 12.53 % c) 13.52 % d) 15.97 %
Answer: b) 12.53 %
W = 70 N
8
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

Solution: For the depth of the thread,

h= ( 12 ) p=( 12 ) ( 6) =3 mm
For the mean diameter of the screw, D m=D o −h=36−3=33 mm

For the lead angle,

λ=tan−1
( ) L
πDm
=tan−1
p
πDm ( )
=tan−1
6
33 π ( )
=3 . 3123o

tan λ ( 1−f tan λ ) ( 100 % )

e=

( )
f c Dc
tan λ+ f + ( 1−f tan λ )
Dm
Solving for the Efficiency,

( tan 3 .3125 o ) ( 1−0 .13 tan 3 .3125 o) ( 100 % )

e= =12. 53 %
o
tan 3. 3125 +0 . 10+
33 [
0 .10 ( 90 )
]
( 1−0 .13 tan 3 .3125 o )

31. Determine the power capacity of a cone clutch under uniform pressure and assuming the following
conditions: major diameter = 250 mm; minor diameter = 200 mm; length of conical elements in
contact = 125 mm; rotational speed = 870 rpm; coefficient of friction = 0.30; and allowable pressure =
70 kPa.
a) 25.74 Hp b) 24.75 Hp c) 27.45 Hp d) 24.57 Hp

Answer: a) 25.74 Hp

( ) ( )[ ]
3 3
2 r o −r i 2 ( 125 )3 −( 100 )3
rf= 2 2
= =112 . 96 mm
3 r o−r i 3 ( 125 )2 −( 100 )2
Solution: Friction radius,
2
Surface Area of contact, A f =2 πr f b=2 π ( 0 . 11296 )( 0 . 125 )=0 . 0887 m

Force normal to the surface of contact, F n= pA f = (70 )( 0 . 0887 )=6 . 209 kN

π n Tf πn π ( 870 )
30 ( n f ) 30
P= = f F r = ( 0 .30 )( 6 . 209 ) ( 0 .11296 )=19 . 2 kW=25 . 74 Hp
Power Capacity, 30

32. Three extension springs are hooked in series that support a single weight of 100 kg. The first spring is
rated at 4 kN/m and the other two springs are rated 6 kN/m each. Determine the equivalent stiffness of
the three springs.
a) 1.71 kN/m b) 5 kN/m c) 2.71 kN/m d) 3.71 kN/m

Answer: a) 1.71 kN/m

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3+ 4 7 12
= + + = + + = + = = k e= =1. 71 kN /m
k
Solution: e k 1 k 2 k 3 4 6 6 4 3 12 12 7

9
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

33. A flat belt is 6 inches wide and 1/3 inch thick and transmits 20 Hp. The center distance is 8 ft. The
driving pulley is 6 inches in diameter and rotates at 2 000 rpm such that the loose side of the belt is on
top. The driven pulley is 18 inches in diameter. The belt material is 0.035 lb/in 3 and the coefficient of
friction is 0.30. Determine the belt net tension.
a) 201 lb b) 210 lb c) 102 lb d) 120 lb

Answer: b) 210 lb

Solution:
F=F 1−F 2 =
D D (
2 T 2 63 000 Hp
=
n
=
6 2 000 ) ( )[
2 63 000 ( 20 )
=210 lb ]
Other Solution:
V m=π D n=π (126 )( 2 000 )=3141 .59 fpm
33 000 Hp 33 000 ( 20 )
F=F 1−F 2 = = =210 lb
Vm 3141 .59

34. A pulley 600 mm in diameter transmits 40 kW at 500 rpm. The arc of contact between the belt and
pulley is 155o, the coefficient of friction between belt and pulley is 0.35 and the safe working stress of
the belt is 2.1 MPa. Determine the belt tensions ratio, neglecting the effect of centrifugal force.
a) 2.578 b) 2.857 c) 5.287 d) 5.782

0. 35 ( 155) (
180 )
π
F1
=e fθ =( e ) =2. 578
Solution: F2

Answer: a) 2.578

35. Select a deep-groove ball bearing to carry a radial load F x = 800 lb and a thrust load F z = 700 lb at
1750 rpm. The service is 8 hr/day, but it is not continuous; design for 20 000 hr. The operation is
smooth with little vibration; the outer ring rotates. Determine the design life in mr with no more than
10 % failure.
a) 20100 mr b) 2100 mr c) 2001 mr d) 1200 mr

Answer: b) 2100 mr

( 20 000 ) ( 60 ) ( 1 750 )
B10=( Hrs ) ( 60 min s /hr ) ( rpm )= =2100 mr
Solution: 10 6

36. Determine the Hp lost when a collar is loaded with 2000 lb, rotates at 50 rpm, and has a coefficient of
friction of 0.15. The outside diameter of the collar is 4 inches and the inside diameter is 2 inches.
a) 0.7314 Hp b) 0.3714 Hp c) 0.4713 Hp d) 0.4371 Hp

Answer: b) 0.3714 Hp

Tf n f W r f n 0. 15 ( 2000 lb ) ( 1. 56 inches )( 50 rpm )

fHp= = = =0 .3714
Solution: 63000 63000 63000

10
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

( ) [ ]
3 3
2 r o −r i
3 3
2 ( 2 ) −( 1 )
rf= = =1 .56 inches
3 r 2o−r 2i 3 ( 3 )2 −( 1 )2
Where,

37. What load in N must be applied to a 25 mm round steel bar 2.5 m long (E = 207 Gpa) to stretch the
bar 1.3 mm?
a) 42 000 N b) 52 840 N c) 53 000 N d) 60 000 N

Answer: b) The load, 52 840 N

Solution: The load,

F=
δAE δ π 2
L
=
L 4
D E= ()
1. 3 π
2 .5 ( 1000 ) 4 [ ]( )
( 0 . 025 )2 (207 000 000 000 )=52 837 .66 N

38. A 50-mm diameter shaft is to transmit 12 kW power at a speed of 500 rpm, determine the mean
diameter of the pin, under double shear, for a material having a safe unit stress of 40 N/mm2.
a) 11.08 mm b) 12.08 mm c) 13.08 mm d) 10.08 mm
Pin
Shaft
Answer: b) Diameter of the pin = 12.08 mm
T
30 P 30 ( 12 000 )
T= = =229 . 183 N⋅m=229 183 N⋅mm
Solution: Transmitted Torque, πn π ( 500 )
2 T 2 ( 229 183 )
= F s=
=9 167 .32 N
Pin Shearing Force, D 50
F 4 Fs 2 Fs
s s= s = =
Pin Mean Diameter, 2 As 2 π d2 π d2

d=
√ √ 2 Fs
π ss
=
2 ( 9 167 .32 )
π ( 40 )
=12 . 08 mm

39. A 1200 mm cast iron pulley is fastened to 112.5 mm shaft by means of a 28.13 mm square key 175
mm long. The key and shaft have a shearing stress of 14 000 psi. Determine the force acting at the
pulley that will shear the key.
a) 10 015 lb b) 11 005 lb c) 11 050 lb d) 10 501 lb

Answer: a) The force acting on the pulley = 10 015 lb

2 ( s s bLD
)
( ) ( )( 175
25 . 4 1 200 )
)(
2T 2 D 28 .13 112 . 5
F p= = =s s bL =( 14 000 ) =10 014 .74 lb
Dp Dp Dp 25 . 4
Solution:

s s bLD
T= → Torque based on shear , in⋅lb
Where, 2

11
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

40. A 75-mm diameter shaft is transmitting 350 kW at 650 rpm. A flange coupling is used and has 6 bolts,
each 18 mm in diameter. Find the required diameter of the bolts circle based on an average shearing
stress of 27.5 MPa.
a) 245 mm b) 254 mm c) 452 mm d) 425 mm

Answer: a) Bolt Circle diameter = 245 mm

8T 8 ( 30 ) P 8 ( 30 ) ( 350 )
D B= = 2 2 = 2 =0. 245 m=245 mm
Solution: π s s d n B π d s s n n B π ( 0 . 018 )2 ( 27 500 )( 650 ) ( 6 )
2

π s s d 2 D B n n B 30 P
T= =
Note: Torque Based on Shear, 8 πn

41. If a sleeve bearing has an outside diameter of 38.1 mm and a length of 50.8 mm, the wall thickness is
3/16 inch. The bearing is subjected to a radial load of 500 kg. What is the bearing pressure, in psi?
a) 904 psi b) 409 psi c) 490 psi d) 940 psi

Answer: c) Bearing pressure = 490 psi

Solution: For bearing or projected area,

A B=L D= (5025 .8. 4 in.)[ 38. 1
25. 4
in.−2 (
3
16) ]
in =2 .25 in 2

W ( 500 kg )( 2 .205 lb/kg )

p= = =490 psi
Bearing pressure, AB 2. 25 in 2
42. Determine the minimum whole depth of spur gear of 14.5 o involute type with diametral pitch of 24
and circular pitch of 0.1309 inch.
a) 0.09000 inch b) 0.08900 inch c) 0.0899 inch d) 0.089758 inch

Answer: c) Whole depth = 0.0899 inch

2 . 157 2. 157
h= = =0 . 089875 inch
Solution: From Vallance, page 262: pd 24

43. A parallel helical gear set was a 17-tooth pinion driving a 34-tooth gear. The pinion has a right-hand
helix angle of 30o, a normal pressure angle of 20 o, and a normal diametral pitch of 5 teeth/in. Find the
axial circular pitches.
a) 1.2566 inches/tooth b) 1.6625 inches/toothc) 1.6526 inches/toothd) 1.6256 inches/tooth

Answer: a) Axial circular pitch = 1.2566 inches/tooth

Solution:

12
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

44. Determine the Poisson’s ratio of a material whose modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa and whose
modulus of rigidity is 80 GPa.
a) 0.33 b) 0.25 c) 0.38 d) 0.22

Answer: b) Poisson’s ratio = 0.25

E
G=
Solution: 2(1+ν ) E = 200GPa, G = 80GPa: ∴ ν=0. 25

45. A steel has a BHN = 300. What is its approximate ultimate strength in ksi?
a) 300 ksi b) 150 ksi c) 75 ksi d) 200 ksi

Answer: b) Ultimate Strength = 150 ksi

Solution: Su  0.5(BHN), ksi

46. If the angular deformation of a solid shaft should not to exceed 1 o in a length of 1.8 m and the
allowable shearing stress is 83 MMa, what is the diameter of the shaft? Assume that the shaft material
has G = 77 x 106 kPa.
a) 222.34 mm b) 234.22 mm c) 23.42 cm d) 24.22 cm

Answer: a) Shaft diameter = 222.34 mm

32 ( )
πD 3 s s
16
L
2 ss L D=
2 ss L
=
2 ( 83 000 ) ( 1. 8 )
=222. 34 mm
( )
TL 32T L θG π
θ= = 4 = = 1 o
( 77 x 10 6
)
Solution: JG πD G π D4G DG 180
o

47. Determine the Hp lost when a collar is loaded with 2000 lb, rotates at 50 rpm, and has a coefficient of
friction of 0.15. The outside diameter of the collar is 4 inches and the inside diameter is 2 inches.
a) 0.7314 Hp b) 0.3714 Hp c) 0.4713 Hp d) 0.4371 Hp

Answer: b) Frictional Horsepower = 0.374 Hp

T f n f W r f n 0. 15 ( 2000 lb ) ( 1. 56 inches )( 50 rpm )

fHp= = = =0 .3714
Solution: 63000 63000 63000

( ) [ ]
3 3
2 r o −r i 2 ( 2 ) −( 1 )
3 3
rf= = =1 .56 inches
3 r 2o−r 2i 3 ( 3 )2 −( 1 )2
Where,

48. Two shafts 3.6 m between centers carry pulleys 1.2 m in diameter and 0.91 m in diameter
respectively, connected by a crossed belt. It is desired to put the belt on as an open belt. How long a
piece must be cut of it?
a) 303.3 mm b) 330 mm c) 333.0 mm d) 330.3 mm

Answer: Length to be cut off = 303.3 mm

Solution: For the length of an open belt connection,

13
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

( D 2−D1 )2 π ( 1200−910 )2
Lo =
π
2( 1
D + D 2) +2 C+
4C
=
2
( 1200 +910 ( )
) +2 ( 3600 ) +
4 ( 3600 )
=10 520 . 22 mm

For the length of belt for crossed belt connection,

2
( D2 −D1 ) π ( 1200+ 910 )2
π
Lc = ( D 1 + D 2 ) +2 C+
2 4C
=
2 ( )
( 1200 + 910 ) +2 (3600 )+
4 ( 3600 )
=10 823 . 55 mm

Solving for the difference of lengths,

ΔL=Lc −Lo =10 823 .55−10 520 .22=303 .33 mm

49. A 20-tooth motor sprocket, running at 1200 rpm, drives a blower at a speed ratio of 4:1. Using the
largest permissible chain size and the largest permissible center distance of 80 pitches, what length of
chain in pitches is required to connect the sprockets?
a) 200 pitches b) 212 pitches c) 216 pitches d) 220 pitches

Answer: b) Chain length = 21 pitches

N t1 + N t 2 ( N t 2−N t 1 )2
Lc = +2C p + =212 . pitches
Solution: 2 40 C p

50. A 20-kW motor, running at 1200 rpm, drives a 400 mm diameter pulley at a belt tension ratio of 2.4.
If the belt’s tight side tension is only 1200 N, determine the transmission efficiency.
a) 87.97 % b) 84.58 % c) 85.66 % d) 86.55 %

Answer: a) Transmission Efficiency = 87.97 %

η= =
T out ( π n ) π n D
P output 30
=
30 ( )( )
F
2 net 30
=
πn
( )( D2 ) ( F −F ) = (1200
1 2
30 )( 2 ) (1200−1200
π 0 . 40
2. 4 )
=0 . 8797
Solution: Pinput Pinput Pinput Pinput 20 000

51. A right-handed single-thread hardened-steel worm has a catalog rating of 2.25 kW at 650 rpm when
meshed with a 48-tooth cast-steel gear. The axial pitch of the worm is 25 mm, normal pressure angle
is 14.5o, and the pitch diameter of the worm is 100 mm. The coefficient of friction is 0.085. Determine
the shafts center distance.
a) 241 mm b) 142 mm c) 412 mm d) 124 mm

Answer: a) Center distance = 241 mm

ω w n w T g D g cos λ Dg
Speed Ratio , SR= = = = =
Solution: ω g n g T w D w sin λ D w tan λ
L p 25
Tan λ= = = =0 . 07958 → λ=4 .55 o
πD w πDw π ( 100 )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
Tg T p T p 48 25
D g= D w tan λ= g Dw = g = =381 . 97 mm
Tw Tw πD w Tw π 1 π
Pitch diameter of the gear,
Dw + Dg 100+381 .97
C= = =241 mm
Center Distance, 2 2
14
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

52. A 20o straight-tooth bevel pinion having 14 teeth and a diametral pitch of 6 teeth/inch drives a 42-
tooth gear. The two shafts are at right angles and in the same plane. Find the pitch angle of the pinion.
a) 18.4o b) 20o c) 14.5o d) 20.5o

Answer: a) Pitch angle = 18.4o

( ) ( )
Tp 14
γ =tan−1 =tan−1 =18 . 4 o
Tg 42
Solution:

53. A triple-thread worm has a lead angle of 17 o and a pitch diameter of 2.2802 inches. Find the center
distance when the worm is mated with a wheel of 48 teeth.
a) 6.72 inches b) 7.26 inches c) 6.27 inches d) 7.62 inches

Answer: a) Center Distance = 6.72 inches

( ) ( )
Tg 48
D g= D w tan λ= ( 2. 2802 ) tan 17 o =11.154 inches
Tw 3
Solution:
Dw + Dg 2 . 2802+11.154
C= = =6 .72 inches
2 2

54. A double-thread worm has a pitch diameter of 3 inches. The wheel has 20 teeth and a pitch diameter
of 5 inches. Find the gear helix angle.
a) 4.69o b) 9.46o c) 6.49o d) 6.94o

Answer: b) Gear helix angle = 9.46o

Solution:
λ=tan−1
[( )( )] [ ( )]
Tw
Tg
Dg
Dw
=tan −1
2 5
20 3
=9 . 46 o

55. A 36-tooth pinion turning at 300 rpm drives 120-tooth gear of 14.5 o involute full depth pressure angle.
Determine the rpm of the driven gear.
a) 60 rpm b) 45 rpm c) 75 rpm d) 90 rpm

Answer: d) 90 rpm

( ) ( )
Tp 36
n g =n p =( 300 ) =90 rpm
Tg 120
Solution:

56. If two parallel shafts are connected by cylinders in pure rolling contact and turning in the same
direction, and having a speed ratio of 2.75, what is the Center distance of the two shafts assuming that
the diameter of the smaller cylinder is 22 cm?
a) 18.25 cm b) 19.25 cm c) 20.25 cm d) 17.25 cm

Answer: b) Center Distance = 19.25 cm

Solution: Diameter of the bigger cylinder, D2 =SR ( D1 ) =2. 75 ( 22 )=60 . 5 cm

15
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

D2−D 1 60 .5−22
C= = =19 . 25 cm
Center distance, 2 2

57. Two extension coil springs are hooked in series that support a single weight of 100 kg. The first spring
is rated at 4 kN/m and the other spring is rated at 6 kN/m. Determine the total deflection of the
springs.
a) 408.6 mm b) 486.0 mm c) 480.6 mm d) 460.8 mm

Answer: a) Spring Deflection = 408.6 mm

( ) [ ]
F F k 1+ k 2 4+ 6
δ t =δ 1 +δ 2 = + =F =( 100 kg ) ( 9 .8066 N / kg ) =408. 6 mm
k1 k2 k 1 k2 4 (6)
Solution:

58. If the ultimate shear strength of a steel plates is 42 000 psi, what force is necessary to punch a 0.75
inch diameter hole in a 0.625 inch thick plate?
a) 61 850 lb b) 65 810 lb c) 61 580 lb d) 60 185 lb

Answer: a) Punching force = 61 850 lb

Solution: F=su A s =s u ( πd t )=( 42000 lb/in ) ( π ) ( 0 .75 in )( 0 . 625 in )=61 850. 1 lb

2

59. A stepped torsion shaft has diameters of 16 mm and 12 mm and a fillet radius of 2 mm. The shaft is
subjected to a torque of 12.5 N-m. Find the maximum induced stress caused by the fillet. Consider a
stress concentration factor of 1.25.
a) 36.84 MPaa b) 46.05 MPa c) 38.64 MPa d) 45.06 MPa

Answer: b) 46.05 MPa

Solution: Solving for the average induced shear stress in the shaft

r = 2 mm

D = 16 mm d = 12 mm
Solving for the maximum induced shear stress,

60. A steam engine that has a stroke of 12 inches has an overhung crank of 11 inches. The maximum
tangential force, P, on the crank may be assumed as 75000 lb. Assuming an allowable stress in shear
as 4400 psi, determine the crankshaft diameter.
a) 4.77 inches b) 3.77 inches c) 2.77 inches d) 1.77 inches

Answer: a) Crankshaft Diameter = 4.77 inches B

Solution: A 6”
Solving for the torque, T =P⋅R=( 7500 ) ( 6 ) =45 000 in⋅lb Crankpin

16
11”
Crankshaft
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

Solving for the bending moment, M=( 7500 ) ( 11 )=82 500 in⋅lb

Solving for the shaft diameter,

[( ) √ ] [ ]
1 1
16 16
D=
π ss
M +T2 2 3
=
π ( 4400 )
√ ( 45 000 )2 + ( 82 500 )2 3 =4.77} {¿

61. Determine the Hp lost when a collar is loaded with 2000 lb, rotates at 50 rpm, and has a coefficient of
friction of 0.15. The outside diameter of the collar is 4 inches and the inside diameter is 2 inches.
a) 0.7314 Hp b) 0.3714 Hp c) 0.4713 Hp d) 0.4371 Hp

Answer: b) 0.3714 Hp

T f n f W r f n 0. 15 ( 2000 lb ) ( 1. 56 inches )( 50 rpm )

fHp= = = =0 .3714
Solution: 63000 63000 63000

( ) [ ]
3 3
2 r o −r i
3 3
2 ( 2 ) −( 1 )
rf= 2 2
= =1 .56 inches
3 r o−r i 3 ( 3 ) −( 1 )2
2
Where,

62. A parallel helical gear-set consists of a 19-tooth pinion driving a 57-teeth gear. The pinion has a left-
hand helix angle of 20o, a normal pressure angle of 14½o, and a normal diametal pitch of 10 teeth/inch.
If the pinion is to transmit 50 Hp at a speed of 1750 rpm. Determine the center distance of the two
gears.
a) 2.02 inches b) 6.06 inches c) 4.04 inches d) 2.06 inches

Answer: c) 4.04 inches

Pd Tp Tg
Pdn= = =
Solution: cos ψ D p cos ψ D g cos ψ
Tp 19
D p= = =2. 02 inches
Pitch diameter of the pinion, Pdn cos ψ 10 cos 20o

( ) ( )
Tg 57
D g =D p =2 . 02 =6. 06 inches
Tp 19
Pitch Diameter of the gear,
D p +Dg 2 .02+6 . 06
C= = =4 . 04 inches
Center-to-center distance, 2 2

63. A single square thread power screw is to raise a load of 70 kN. The screw has a major diameter of 36
mm and a pitch of 6 mm. The coefficient of thread friction and collar friction are 0.13 and 0.10
respectively. If the collar mean diameter is 90 mm and the screw turns at 60 rpm, find the axial linear
speed of the screw.
a) 5 mm/s b) 6 mm/s c) 7 mm/s d) 5.5 mm/s

Answer: b) 6 mm/s

Solution: For the linear speed of the screw,

17
Machine Design and Shop Practice (Problems and Elements)

Vn = n (L) = (60 rpm)(6 mm/rev) = 360 mm/min = 6 mm/s

18