FUTURE TENSE

FUTURE

PERFECT
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

Tense Formulas for Present Tense

Tense Assertive Negative Interrogative

Simple Future Subject + will / Subject + will/shall Will / Shall + Subject +
Tense shall/ + V1+ Object not + V1+ Object V1+ Object
Example: Will he go to
Example: He will Example: He will not school?
travel to his go to school.
hometown

Future Subject + will / shall Subject + will / shall will / shall + ( Be form))
Continuous +be ( Be form) + +not + be ( Be form) + + Subject + V1+ing +
Tense V1+ing (V4)+ Object V1+ing (V4)+ Object (V4)+ Object

Example: He will be Example: He will not Example: Will they be

going to school. going to school. going to school?

Future Perfect Subject + will + Have Subject + will + Have will + Have +Subject +
Tense (Have form)+ V3 + + not + V3 + Object V3 + Object
Object

Example: He will Example: He will have Example: Will he have

have gone to school. not gone to school. gone to school?

Future Perfect Subject + will + Have Subject + will + Have will + Have + Subject +
Continuous + been + V1+ing + not + been + V1+ing been + V1+ing (V4 form)
Tense. (V4form)+ Object (V4 Form) + Object + Object

Example: He will have

Example: He will not been going to Example: Will he have
have been going to school. been going to school?
school.

TIME LINE:

Simple Future Tense

1) I will write my exams next week. 2) They will go for a movie this weekend
Structure: How do we make the Simple Future Tense?

Positive Sentence Subject + will / shall + V1 Form + Object

Example:

Negative Sentence Subject + will / shall+ not+ + V1 Form + Object

 Example:

Interrogative Will + Subject + V1 Form+ Object

Sentence
Example:

Usage of Simple Future Tense

 To predict a future event:
It will rain tomorrow.

 express a spontaneous decision:

I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
 To express willingness:
I'll do the washing-up.
 In the negative form, to express unwillingness:
The baby won't eat his soup.
I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
 to make an offer:
Shall I open the window?
 to make a suggestion:
Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
 to ask for advice or instructions:
What shall I tell the boss about this money?
 , to give orders:
You will do exactly as I say.
 to give an invitation:
Will you come to the dance with me?

CUE WORDS

Next Week, Tomorrow, Next Month,

TIME LINE – SIMPLE Future

Future Continues Tense

1) I will be playing cricket. 2) He will be doing is homework.

Structure : How do we make the Future Continuous Tense?

Positive Sentence Subject + Will / Shall +be ( Be form) + V1+ing

(V4)+ Object

Example:

Negative Sentence Subject + Will / Shall +not + be ( Be form) +

V1+ing (V4)+ Object

Example:

Interrogative Will + Subject + be (Be form) +V1+ing + (V4)+

Sentence Object

Example:
To stay, future continuous

Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative

interrogative

I will be staying. I won't be staying. Will I be staying? Won't I be staying?

You will be You won't be Will you be Won't you be

staying. staying. staying? staying?

He will be He won't be Will he be Won't he be staying?

staying. staying. staying?

She will be She won't be Will she be Won't she be

staying. staying. staying? staying?

It will be staying. It won't be Will it be staying? Won't it be staying?

staying.

We will be We won't be Will we be Won't we be staying?

staying. staying. staying?

They will be They won't be Will they be Won't they be

staying. staying. staying? staying?
Usage of Future Continuous Tense
 The future continuous can be used to project ourselves into the future.
Examples
This time next week I will be sun-bathing in Bali.
By Christmas I will be skiing like a pro.
Just think, next Monday you will be working in your new job.

 The future continuous can be used for predicting or guessing about future events.
Examples
He'll be coming to the meeting, I expect.
I guess you'll be feeling thirsty after working in the sun.
You'll be missing the sunshine once you're back in England.

 In the interrogative form, the future continuous can be used to ask politely for
information about the future.
Examples
Will you be bringing your friend to the pub tonight?
Will Jim be coming with us?
Will she be going to the party tonight?
Will I be sleeping in this room?

 The future continuous can be used to refer to continuous events that we expect to
happen in the future.
Examples
I'll be seeing Jim at the conference next week.
When he is in Australia he will be staying with friends.
I'll be eating with Jane this evening so I can tell her.

 When combined with still, the future continuous refers to events that are already
happening now and that we expect to continue some time into the future.
Examples
In an hour I'll still be ironing my clothes.
Tomorrow he'll still be suffering from his cold.
Next year will she still be wearing a size six?
Won't stock prices still be falling in the morning?
Unfortunately, sea levels will still be rising in 20 years.

CUE WORDS
While, as long as

TIME LINE – Future CONTINUOUS

 Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect is composed of two elements

the simple future of the verb "to have" (will have) + the past participle of the main verb

1) I will have done my homework. 2) She will have finished her exams .
How do we make the Future Continuous Tense?

Positive Sentence Subject + Will / Shall + Have ( Have form) + V3

form + Object

Example:

Negative Sentence Subject + Will / Shall + Have ( Have form) + V3

form + Object

Example:

Interrogative Will / Shall + Subject + V3 form + Object

Sentence
Example:

To arrive, future perfect tense

Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative interrogative

I will have arrived I won't have arrived Will I have arrived? Won't I have arrived?

You will have You won't have Will you have Won't you have
arrived arrived arrived? arrived?
He will have He won't have Will he have Won't he have
arrived arrived arrived? arrived?

We will have We won't have Will we have Won't we have

arrived arrived arrived? arrived?

They will have They won't have Will they have Won't they have
arrived arrived arrived? arrived?

Usage of Future Perfect Tense

 We use the future perfect simple (will/won't have + past participle) to talk about
something that will be completed before a specific time in the future.

The guests are coming at 8 p.m. I'll have finished cooking by then.
On 9 October we'll have been married for 50 years.
Will you have gone to bed when I get back?

 We can use phrases like by or by the time (meaning 'at some point before') and in or in a
day's time / in two months' time / in five years' time etc. (meaning 'at the end of this
period') to give the time period in which the action will be completed.

I won't have written all the reports by next week.

By the time we arrive, the kids will have gone to bed.
I'll have finished in an hour and then we can watch a film.
In three years' time, I'll have graduated from university.

CUE WORDS
Monday, By next week, By the time
 TIME LINE – Future PERFECT

Future Perfect Continuous

1) I had been working on the reports. 2) She had been practicing since 3pm.
Structure: How do we make the Future Perfect Continuous Tense?

Positive Sentence Subject + Will / Shall + have (have form)+ been

+V1+ing (V4)+ Object

Example:

Negative Sentence Subject + Will / Shall + have (have form)+ been

+V1+ing (V4)+ Object

Example:

Interrogative Will / Shall + Subject + Have ( Have form) + been +

Sentence V1+ing + (V4)+ Object

Example:
To live, future perfect continuous tense

Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative interrogative

I will have been living I won't have been living Will I have been living? Won't I have been living?

You will have been living You won't have been living Will you have been living? Won't you have been living?

He will have been living He won't have been living Will he have been living? Won't he have been living?

We will have been living We won't have been living Will we have been living? Won't we have been living?

They will have been living They won't have been Will they have been living? Won't they have been
living living?

Usage of Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Like the future perfect simple, this form is used to project ourselves forward in time
and to look back. It refers to events or actions that are currently unfinished but will
be finished at some future time. It is most often used with a time expression.

Examples
I will have been waiting here for three hours by six o'clock.
By 2001 I will have been living in London for sixteen years.
When I finish this course, I will have been learning English for twenty years.
Next year I will have been working here for four years.
When I come at 6:00, will you have been practicing long?

CUE WORDS
By , By the time

TIME LINE – Future PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

 PAST TENSE

PAST

PERFECT
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

Tense Formulas for Past Tense

Tense Assertive Negative Interrogative

Simple Past Subject + V2+ Subject + did not + Did + Subject + V1+
Tense Object V1+ Object Object

Example: He did not Example: Did he go to

Example: He go to school. school?
travelled to his
hometown

Past Subject + was / were Subject + was / were was / were ( Be form)
Continuous ( Be form) + V1+ing ( Be form) +not + + Subject + V1+ing)
Tense (V4)+ Object V1+ing (V4)+ Object (V4)+ Object

Example: He was Example: He was not Example: Were they

going to school. going to school. going to school?

Past Perfect Subject + Had (Have Subject + Had (Have Had +Subject + V3 +
Tense form)+ V3 + Object form)+ not + V3 + Object
Object
Example: He had
gone to school. Example: had he gone
Example: He had not to school?
gone to school.

Past Perfect Subject + Had (Have Subject + Had (Have Had+ Subject + been +
Continuous Form) + been + form) + not + been + V1+ing (V4 form) +
Tense. V1+ing (V4form)+ V1+ing (V4 Form) + Object
 Object Object

Example: Had he been

Example: He had Example: He had not going to school?
been going to school. been going to school.

TIME LINE:

Simple past tense of to be, to have, to do

Subject Verb

Be Have Do

I was had did

You were had did

He/She/It was had did

We were had did

You were had did

They were had did

Simple Past Tense

The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterite, is used to talk about a completed
action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English.
The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration
is not important.

Examples
John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
My father died last year.
He lived in Fiji in 1976.
We crossed the Channel yesterday.
1) I will write my exams next week. 2) They will go for a movie this weekend

Structure: How do we make the Simple Future Tense?

Positive Sentence Subject + V2 Form + Object

Example:

Negative Sentence Subject + Did + not+ + V1 Form + Object

Example:

Interrogative Did + Subject + V1 Form+ Object

Sentence
 Example:

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I walked I didn't walk Did I walk?

You walked You didn't walk Did you walk?

He walked He didn't walk Did he walk?

We walked We didn't walk Did we walk?

They walked They didn't walk Did they walk?

Usage of Simple Future Tense

You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is
associated with certain past time expressions
frequency: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.

a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night

an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago
People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.

CUE WORDS
Next Week, Tomorrow, Next Month,

TIME LINE – SIMPLE PAST

Past Continues Tense

The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in
the past and were still going on when another event occurred
1) I was playing cricket. 2) They were doing is homework.
Structure : How do we make the Past Continuous Tense?

Positive Sentence Subject + was / were ( Be form) + V1+ing (V4)+

Object

Example:

Negative Sentence Subject + was / were ( Be form) +not+ V1+ing (V4)+

Object

Example:
 Interrogative Sentence Was / Were + Subject +V1+ing + (V4)+ Object

Example:

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I was playing I was not playing Was I playing?

You were playing You were not playing Were you playing?

He was playing He wasn't playing Was he playing?

We were playing We weren't playing Were we playing?

They were playing They weren't playing Were they playing?

Usage of Past Continuous Tense

Often, to describe the background in a story written in the past tense, e.g. "The sun was
shining and the birds were singing as the elephant came out of the jungle. The other
animals were relaxing in the shade of the trees, but the elephant moved very quickly.
She was looking for her baby, and she didn't notice the hunter who was watching her
through his binoculars. When the shot rang out, she was running towards the river..."

to describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action, e.g. "I
was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang."

to express a change of mind: e.g. "I was going to spend the day at the beach but I've
decided to get my homework done instead."
CUE WORDS
While, as long as

TIME LINE – PAST CONTINUOUS

Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event happened
before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which
one happened first.

In these examples, Event A is the event that happened first and Event B is the second or more recent event:

Event A Event B

John had gone out when I arrived in the office.

Event A Event B

I had saved my document before the computer crashed.

Event B Event A

When they arrived we had already started cooking.

Event B Event A

He was very tired because he hadn't slept well.

How do we make the Future Continuous Tense?

Positive Sentence Subject + had ( Have form) + V3 form + Object

Example:

Negative Sentence Subject + Had ( Have form) + V3 form + Object

Example:
 Interrogative Had + Subject + V3 form + Object
Sentence
Example:

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I had decided I hadn't decided Had I decided?

You had decided You hadn't decided Had you decided?

She had decided She hadn't decided Had she decided?

We had decided We hadn't decided Had we decided?

They had decided They hadn't decided Had they decided?

Usage of Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect for the earlier of two past actions
We can use the past perfect to show the order of two past events. The past perfect shows
the earlier action and the past simple shows the later action.

When the police arrived, the thief had escaped.

It doesn't matter in which order we say the two events. The following sentence has the
same meaning.

The thief had escaped when the police arrived.

Note that if there's only a single event, we don't use the past perfect, even if it happened a
long time ago.
The Romans spoke Latin. (NOT The Romans had spoken Latin.)

Past perfect after before

We can also use before + past perfect to show that an action was not done or was
incomplete when the past simple action happened.

They left before I'd spoken to them.

Sadly, the author died before he'd finished the series

CUE WORDS
Before, Already, By the time

TIME LINE – Past PERFECT

Past Perfect Continuous

1) I had been working on the reports. 2) She had been practicing since 3pm.
Structure: How do we make the Future Perfect Continuous Tense?
 Positive Sentence Subject + Will / Shall + have (have form)+ been
+V1+ing (V4)+ Object

Example:

Negative Sentence Subject + Will / Shall + have (have form)+ been

+V1+ing (V4)+ Object

Example:

Interrogative Will / Shall + Subject + Have ( Have form) + been +

Sentence V1+ing + (V4)+ Object

Example:

To buy, past perfect continuous

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I had been buying I hadn't been buying Had I been buying?

You had been buying You hadn't been buying Had you been buying?

She had been buying She hadn't been buying Had she been buying?

We had been buying We hadn't been buying Had we been buying?

They had been buying They hadn't been buying Had they been buying?
 Usage of Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

 Describing an ongoing action that started in the past and continued up

until another past action or event:
Example: "They had been working all day before they decided to take a break."
 Expressing the duration of an action that was ongoing in the past, often
with a sense of interruption:
Example: "He had been practicing the guitar for two hours when the power went
out."
 Referring to a continuous action that had a result or impact on the past:
Example: "She was tired because she had been running for a long time."
 Talking about an ongoing action that was completed in the past:
Example: "I was out of breath because I had been exercising."
Examples of the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

"She had been studying for hours when her friends arrived."
"They had been working on the project for months before they finally completed
it."
"He was exhausted because he had been running for miles."
"We were all wet because it had been raining heavily."
"I was tired because I had been working all day long."
Time Expressions Used with the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

Time expressions such as "for," "since," "all day," "before," "by the time," or a
specific period in the past are commonly used with the past perfect continuous
tense to indicate the duration of the action.
Example: "She had been practicing the piano for five years before she gave her
first concert."
Negative and Interrogative Forms:

To form negative sentences, add "not" after the auxiliary verb "had."
Example: "They had not been playing basketball."
For interrogative sentences, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "had."
Example: "Had you been studying for the test?"
CUE WORDS
Since Monday, For so many days

TIME LINE – PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE