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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT

ASSIGNMENT I

SUBMITTED BY: - NAHUM NIGUSSIE

ID NO: - RU2375/12

SECTION: - 01

SUBMITTED TO: - Inst. KEDIR H. (MSc)

SUBMISSION DATE: - 10/01/2024 G.C.

BONGA, ETHIOPIA
1. What are the objectives of material handling? Give two Definition of material handling
supported by standard organization?

Material handling plays a crucial role in optimizing organizational processes. Here are three
key objectives of material handling:

 Reduced Cost: Efficient material handling aims to lower production costs. Since a
significant portion of the total production cost is spent on material procurement,
storage, and movement, streamlining these processes helps minimize expenses.
Ensuring timely and sufficient material supply is essential for uninterrupted production.
 Improved Safety: Material handling involves not only the movement of goods but also
their storage, protection, and control within various departments like warehouses,
production, and manufacturing. By implementing safe handling practices,
organizations can reduce accidents and prevent material wastage.
 Enhanced Productivity: Efficient material handling contributes to overall productivity.
By designing efficient material movement, organizations can reduce manufacturing
time and ensure smooth material flow across different stages of production

These are two material handling definitions supported by standard organizations: -

 "The movement of raw materials, semi- finished goods, and finished articles through
various stages of production and warehousing is called materials handling.”
 “The movement, storage, protection and control of materials throughout the
manufacturing and distribution process including their consumption and disposal”

2. Define material handling system. Explain how it increases Productivity?

A material handling system is a set of equipment and procedures used to move, store, and
protect products and materials during manufacturing, distribution, consumption, and disposal.
It increases productivity by

 reducing the time and effort required to move materials


 minimizing damage to products
 improving safety for workers.

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3. What type of plant layout of MHE would you suggest for: -

(i) Hospital (ii) milk industry (iii) pharmaceutical industry.

The type of plant layout for material handling equipment (MHE) depends on the specific needs
of the industry.

 For hospitals, a functional layout is recommended, which groups equipment and


supplies according to their function.
 For a milk industry, a process layout is recommended, which groups equipment and
supplies according to the production process.
 For a pharmaceutical industry, a product layout is recommended, which groups
equipment and supplies according to the product being produced.

4. What are different types of industries? Give related Material handling equipment’s for
each type?

The International Labor Organization considered the following as different types of industries:

1. Agriculture; plantations; other rural sectors

Material handling equipment plays a crucial role in agriculture, aiding farmers in various tasks.
Some of the essential equipment used in agricultural settings:

 Forklifts
 Telehandlers
 Tow Tractors

2. Basic Metal Production

In basic metal production, efficient material handling is crucial to ensure smooth operations.
Some common types of material handling equipment used in this industry:

 Cranes: including overhead cranes, gantry cranes, and jib cranes.


 Conveyors: They can be belt conveyors, roller conveyors, or chain conveyors,
depending on the specific requirements.
 Industrial Trucks: Forklifts and other industrial trucks
 Bulk Material Handling Equipment: includes automated conveyor systems, robotic
delivery systems, and train

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3. Chemical industries

Material handling equipment (MHE) is used in the chemical industry to store, transport, and
handle various materials, such as raw materials, intermediate products, finished goods, and
hazardous substances. MHE can help improve the efficiency, safety, and sanitation of chemical
operations. Some examples of MHE used in the chemical industry are:

 Screw conveyors
 Bucket elevators
 Drag conveyors
 Apron conveyors
 Electrical material carts
 Computerized order-picking aisles
 Overhead cranes
 Robotic pick and drop systems

4. Commerce

Material handling equipment is a crucial aspect of commerce, as it helps to ensure that heavy
materials are moved efficiently and safely.

Storage and handling equipment includes tools, vehicles, storage units, appliances, and
accessories involved in transporting, storing, controlling, enumerating, and protecting products
at any stage of manufacturing, distribution, consumption, or disposal. Examples of storage and
handling equipment include conveyors, forklift attachments, hoists, carts, trucks, hoppers, and
stackers

5. Construction

Material handling equipment is used to assist workers with moving and managing materials
that are too large, heavy, or bulky to manage. The following are some types of material handling
equipment used in construction:

Cranes: used to lift materials to the upper floors in a construction site and for the demolition of
structures on your site.

Tractors: used to push and pull other machines and supplies on your site.

Trucks: the two primary types of trucks on construction sites are hauling and dump trucks.

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Loaders: used to move materials around a job site.

Conveyors: a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one
location to another.

Forklifts: used to lift and move materials.

Hoists: used to lift and lower materials and move them horizontally

6. Financial services; professional services

In the financial services industry, material handling equipment can be used for various
purposes. Some examples of material handling equipment used in the financial services
industry are:

 Cash handling machines: These machines are used to count, sort, verify, dispense and
recycle cash and coins. They can also detect counterfeit notes and provide reports and
receipts. Cash handling machines can reduce errors, save time and improve security in
banks, ATMs, retail stores and other cash-intensive businesses1
 Document handling systems: These systems are used to scan, capture, process, store
and retrieve documents, such as invoices, contracts, receipts, forms and statements.
They can also perform optical character recognition (OCR), data extraction, validation
and integration. Document handling systems can improve accuracy, speed and
compliance in accounting, auditing, tax, legal and other document-intensive services
 Automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS): These systems are used to store and
retrieve materials from high-density racks using computer-controlled devices, such as
cranes, robots, shuttles and conveyors. They can also perform inventory management,
order picking and fulfillment. AS/RS systems can increase space utilization,
productivity and flexibility in warehouses, distribution centers and data centers
 Security equipment: This equipment is used to protect materials, equipment and
personnel from theft, damage, fire and other hazards. They can include locks, safes,
vaults, alarms, cameras, sensors, scanners and biometric devices. Security equipment
can enhance trust, reliability and reputation in financial services
7. Food; drink, tobacco etc.

Material handling equipment is used in food processing to transport, store, and handle food
products and ingredients. Some of the common types of material handling equipment are:

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 Conveyors are used for various purposes, such as sorting, grading, mixing, cooling,
drying, and packaging food products
 Lifts are used for loading and unloading, stacking, storing, and transferring food
products or materials
 Cranes are used for lifting, moving, and placing food products or materials in
warehouses, factories, or storage areas
 Trucks are used for hauling, delivering, and distributing food products or materials over
short or long distances
 Forklifts are used for loading and unloading, stacking, storing, and moving food
products or materials in warehouses, factories, or storage areas
 Carts are used for transporting, storing, and handling food products or materials in small
quantities or short distances.

5. (a) Discuss the selection of material handling system for foundry shop?

(b) What is relationship between plant layout and material handling?

(c) What type of layout would you suggest for automobile industry? Justify your answer.

(a) The selection of material handling system for a foundry shop depends on the type of material
being handled, the distance it needs to be moved, and the frequency of movement. Common
material handling equipment used in foundries include cranes, hoists, and conveyors.

(b) The relationship between plant layout and material handling is that the layout of the plant
affects the efficiency of material handling. A well-designed plant layout can minimize the
distance that materials need to be moved, reduce the time required for material handling, and
improve safety for workers.

(c) For an automobile industry, a product layout is recommended, which groups equipment and
supplies according to the product being produced. This layout is ideal for assembly line
production, which is commonly used in the automobile industry.

6. (a) Material handling system is a function of (1) space (2) time (3) quantity, explain.

(b) Suggest suitable layout for the following industries & justify your answer.

(i) Ship building industry. (ii) Pharmaceutical industry. (iii) Bottling plant for cold drink.

(c) Explain the principle of space utilization with suitable example

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(a) Material handling system is a function of space, time, and quantity. Space refers to the area
required for material handling, time refers to the duration of material handling, and quantity
refers to the amount of material being handled.

(b) Suitable layout for the following industries

(i) For a shipbuilding industry, a fixed-position layout is recommended, which involves


building the ship in one location and moving the equipment and materials to the ship.

(ii) For a pharmaceutical industry, a product layout is recommended, which groups equipment
and supplies according to the product being produced.

(iii) For a bottling plant for cold drink, a process layout is recommended, which groups
equipment and supplies according to the production process.

(c) The principle of space utilization is to maximize the use of available space while minimizing
the distance that materials need to be moved. For example, a warehouse can use vertical space
by installing high shelves to store products, which reduces the amount of floor space required.

7. What are the different principles of material handling? Explain Gravity Principles
with application.

These principles guide efficient and deliberate material handling practices, each principle plays
a crucial role in optimizing processes and ensuring smooth operations Here are ten principles
of material handling:

1. Planning Principle
2. Space Utilization Principle
3. Unit Load Principle
4. Gravity Principle
5. Material Flow Principle
6. Cost Principle
7. Computerization Principle
8. Energy Principle
9. Ergonomic Principle
10. Safety Principle

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Gravity Principle
Gravity principle utilize gravity to move a material wherever practicable. It simplifies handling
processes, reduce work and energy consumption, improve productivity and quality, and
enhance safety and ergonomics. Some examples of gravity-aided material handling are:

 Using chutes, slides, or ramps to transport materials from a higher level to a lower level.
 Using gravity conveyors, such as roller or wheel conveyors, to move materials
horizontally or at a slight incline.
 Using gravity feed bins or hoppers to store and dispense materials.
 Using gravity separators, such as screens or sifters, to sort materials by size, shape, or
density

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