Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2579

Lora Based Industrial Environment

Monitoring System
Gaddala Nagesh1; Konda Karthik2 ; Nagula Ritish Kumar 3; Dr. A.N. Satyanaryana4
1,2,3
Students of B.tech, ECE Department, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad.
4
Professor of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology

Abstract:- With the advent of automation, the concept of Industrial automation relies on microcontrollers, which
protecting the business environment has become popular are widely used in embedded systems. From home appliances
and recognized in the business world. As the factory scale to car remotes, microcontrollers play an important role in
grows and the complexity of the process increases, modern technology. Precise measurement is essential for
advanced technology must be used in the device to automatic control and protection in a work environment.
measure and control many business processes Microcontrollers facilitate the encoding and decoding
simultaneously. Today, the trend is towards techniques required for digital communications.
miniaturization of instruments and greater precision and
accuracy. Reliable equipment and controls are crucial to Wireless communications, specifically LoRa
the safety and efficiency of any process. The goal of this technology, can transfer data from the production site to a
project is to gain knowledge about the most important central monitoring station. The system reads the meter and
aspects of the job to improve safety. measurement data and transmits the data through the LoRa
transceiver. This allows two-way communication, making it
The system includes the use of LORA to monitor the easy to quickly monitor and control.
business environment. In this project, we use Lora
communication to send data, and the receiving end of the Radio communication uses electromagnetic waves as
monitoring station receives the data from the sending the basis of wireless communication. In this project, digital
end. In an emergency, when you press the emergency communication with efficiency and reliability advantages
button on the monitoring station, a message is sent to the was adopted. The system transmits high-quality digital data
work unit by LORA. Since LORA is a transceiver, two- by changing the radio frequency.
way communication is possible in the project.
Temperature sensors, gas sensors and fire sensors are The design operating frequency of this communication
used to monitor the environment of business units. is approximately 433MHz. Digital data is superimposed on
Temperature sensors are used in industry to calculate the carrier wave and transmitted as a modulated signal.
temperature and provide information to Finally, when data is received, the data is demodulated,
microcontrollers. Gas sensors are used in industry to decoded and compared to the database. Any suspicious
detect gas leaks. Fire sensors are used to detect fire and activity, such as making noise or displaying unusual
send the information to the monitoring station. This information, will trigger the alarm.
product is delivered by LORA.
Overall, this project integrates embedded systems and
Keywords:- LoRa Communication, Arduino, Monitoring. wireless communication technologies to create a powerful
centralized factory monitoring system. It increases efficiency
I. INTRODUCTION and security in the business environment by automating data
collection and transmission. The detailed description in the
The project aims to create a business automation central report shows the description of physical products, functions
factory monitoring system focused on data collection, storage and practical applications in the automation industry.
and transmission. The system uses an Arduino configuration.
microcontroller and LoRa wireless communications to
monitor and control multiple factory parameters. II. METHODOLOGY

Collecting information from the manufacturer in the The majority of actual physical quantities, including
automation industry is important for optimization and voltage, current, and temperature, are available in analog
security. This project only solves three things: data collection, form. Even though an analog signal accurately represents a
storage/display, and wireless communication. The true physical characteristic, noise superimposition, as in the
microcontroller used by the Arduino ATMEGA 328 chip case of amplitude modulation, makes it impossible to process,
does the main work by taking data from the factory store, or transmit the analog signal without significantly
parameters and displaying them on the LCD panel. increasing inaccuracy. Therefore, it is frequently convenient
to express this variable in digital form for processing,

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2579

transmission, and storage needs. It improves the process employed. Compared to integrating type converters, the
automation's precision. successive approximation and comparator type are often
quicker but less precise. The flash (comparator) kind costs
At a certain frequency rate, the transducer's analog more for a higher level of precision. Applications where
signal is sampled. The sampled signal needs to be kept steady conversion precision is crucial, such digital meters, panel
while the ADC converts it. This means that a sample and hold meters, and monitoring systems, employ the integrated type
circuit integrated into the same device must come before the converter. In this instance, the ADC and microcontroller are
ADC. A binary digit sequence is the ADC's output. The interfaced with the goal of reading the data acquired from the
controller employed in this project work is used to carry out ADC and executing the control action in accordance with it.
the desired control algorithm's numerical computations. The following is a basic overview of microcontrollers and
Since the Arduino controller has an integrated ADC, the control theory as it relates to ADCs.
sensor output is immediately sent into the controller's ADC
pins. As described in the abstract and according to the
program prepared, here the microcontroller controls only
The integrator type and sequential approximation are three channels that is temperature sensing channel, gas
the most often utilized ADCs. In applications where monitoring channel and fire sensing channel. The following
conversion speed is crucial, including data loggers and is the description of individual sensing circuits.
instrumentation, successive approximation ADCs are

Fig. 1 Block Diagram

III. COMPONENTS Serial communication over a single wire is used in this

project. A DHT module receives a start signal from an
 Temperature Sensor Arduino and returns temperature and humidity information.
There are two types of temperature measurement A 16x2 LCD is used to show the temperature data after it has
techniques: contact and non-contact. Through the use of been extracted. The DHT11 sensor module produces a
thermocouples, contact techniques entail direct heat calibrated digital output signal together with accurate
exchange between the sensor and the item being measured. humidity and temperature data.
Non-contact techniques pick up heat energy sent into space.
Because of its precision and dependability, an RTD The DHT11 module operates on serial communication,
(Resistance Temperature Detector) was selected for this transmitting data in a specific pulse train format. Arduino
project. initializes the module with a delay and receives response
signals to extract temperature data. The data format consists
Various temperature sensing techniques exist, including of integral and decimal parts for relative humidity (RH) and
RTDs, thermocouples, thermistors, and sensor ICs. The temperature (T), along with a checksum.
selection depends on factors like temperature range,
accuracy, and cost. Due to affordability concerns, a It is advised that DHT sensors situated within 20 meters
potentiometer is used in this project as a prototype. use a 5k pull-up resistor. The LCD and Arduino are directly
connected to display temperature and humidity. Certain
digital pins on the Arduino board are connected to pins on the
LCD and DHT11 sensor module.

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2579

MQ2 is particularly sensitive to methane, propane and

butane, making it very suitable for urban maintenance and
LPG. With additional features such as short-term stability
and reliable switching features, MQ2 represents Figaro's
new generation of fuel sensors. These sensors are molded in
resin capabilities.

Fig 2 DHT11 Sensor

 Flame Sensor
The project includes an IR diode module for fire
detection, using IR sensor technology to detect the unique
spectral patterns emitted by hot fire-related gases in the IR
region. Weighing only 5 grams, this compact module is easy
to install and responsive.

When a fire is detected, the module generates a high Fig 4 MQ2 GAS Sensor
output signal that can be used to trigger appropriate actions,
such as wireless transmission of information to a monitoring  LCD
unit using LoRa technology. In addition, the built-in LED A serial computer bus, as seen in Figure 5, is a small
provides a visual indication of fire detection, increasing user interface that links processors and microcontrollers to
awareness. peripheral integrated circuits (ICs) operating at lower
speeds. This bus is essential to our project since it makes it
With a fast response time of only 1 second, the IR diode possible for the LCD display and Arduino microcontroller to
module ensures early detection of fires and enables quick and connect.
effective responses to potential fire hazards.

Fig 5 LCD Connected to ESP32

 LoRa
LoRa, or long-range wireless technology, is intended
for low-power, long-distance communication between
gateways and sensors in Internet of Things (IoT) and
Fig 3 Flame Sensor machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. It uses spread-
spectrum technology with frequency-modulated chirp for
 Gas Sensor enhanced receiver sensitivity and works in unlicensed radio
MQ2 is a versatile sensor that exhibits strong spectrum channels.
sensitivity for a wide range of gases. This device requires a
consistent 5V power supply to function; the voltage can vary LoRaWAN, built upon LoRa technology by the LoRa
according on the model. The MQ2 is ideal for residential gas Alliance, is an open-source LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area
or smoke detectors because it can detect methane, propane, Network) protocol specification. It enables the creation of
and butane. IoT networks with bi-directional secure communication,
interoperability, and mobility, supporting accurate
The stable working time of MQ2 is very short, and its localization.
properties after long working time are stable and excellent.
The MQ2 is sensitive to "noise gases", greatly reducing the Introduced by the French start-up Cycle in 2010 and
problem of false alarms. The most effective use of the MQ2 later acquired by SEMTECH, LoRa offers exceptional
is in power generation, where it controls the voltage at a sensitivity and coverage, reaching up to -148 dBm with a
constant value of 5V. Due to its wide range of applications, diffusion factor of 12. It typically provides a range of 3 km
this power factor is useful when determining the design. This in urban areas and 14 km in rural areas, with battery life
makes the use of MQ2 a unique industry opportunity to extending up to 10 years.
produce low-energy, reliable fuel cells.

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2579

LoRa modules offer different classes (A, B, and C) The following new features are included in the board's
based on power consumption and delay capabilities, catering revision 3:  1.0 Pinout: two more new pins, the IOREF, are
to various IoT device requirements. These modules can positioned next to the RESET pin and the SDA and SCL pins
connect to millions of end devices, supporting applications that were introduced to allow the shields to adjust to the
such as smart metering, inventory tracking, and automotive voltage supplied by the board. Future shields will work with
industry needs. the Arduino Due, which runs on 3.3V, as well as boards that
use the AVR, which runs on 5V. A disconnected pin
Ultra-long-range spread spectrum communication, designated for future use is the second one. A more robust
strong interference immunity, and low current consumption RESET circuit. An Atmega 16U2 in instead of an 8U2.
are features of Semtech's LoRa transceivers. Sensitivities of
-137dBm and -148dBm are possible because to the "Uno" is an Italian word for one, and it was chosen to
proprietary modulation approach, which makes them perfect commemorate the impending introduction of Arduino 1.0.
for IoT applications that need resilience and range. Going future, the Arduino reference versions will be the Uno
and version 1.0. The Uno is the most recent in a line of USB
The project utilizes the SX1278 Ra-02 LoRa module Arduino boards and the platform's reference model; view the
operating at 433MHz. It's essential to ensure compliance index of Arduino boards for a comparison with earlier
with local regulations regarding frequency usage, as LoRa iterations.
modules are available in different frequency ranges
(433MHz, 915MHz, 868MHz). Additionally, LoRa modules  Overview:
can be purchased as standalone units or integrated chips.
 ATmega328 microcontroller;
 Arduino UNO  5V operating voltage;
Using the ATmega328 as its foundation, the Arduino  7–12V suggested input voltage;
Uno is a microcontroller board. A 16 MHz ceramic  6–20V limited input voltage;
resonator, 6 analog inputs, a USB port, a power jack, an  14 digital I/O pins (six of which give PWM output)
ICSP header, a reset button, and 14 digital input/output pins
 Pins 6 for analog input;
are all included on it. This microcontroller comes with all the
 40 mA for DC current per I/O pin;
necessary components to operate it; all you need to do is use
 50 mA for DC current per 3.3V pin;
a USB cable to connect it to a computer or an AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to power it. With regard to using the FTDI  32 KB of flash memory (ATmega328), of which 0.5 KB
USB-to-serial driver chip, the Uno is different from all is used by the bootloader;
previous boards. Rather, it has the Atmega16U2 (or  2 KB for SRAM; and 1 KB for EEPROM
Atmega8U2 up to version R2) configured as a serial-to-USB  Clock Speed 16 MHz
converter using programming. To facilitate DFU mode
booting, the Uno board revision 2 has a resistor that pulls the
8U2 HWB line to ground.

Fig 6 Arduino UNO: Pinout

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2579

IV. IMPLEMENTATION

The transmitter phase and receiver phase are the two

components of the Lora protocol, a real-time wireless
monitoring framework, that we apply in our research.The
power supply (12 volts), voltage sensor (5 volts), current
sensor (5 volts), and temperature sensor make up the receiver
phase.

Another Arduino microcontroller with an LCD that

shows the received data makes up the transmitter phase.

The value of the current transformer analogy aids in

figuring out the voltage and current input values that are
supplied to the Arduino microcontroller via that sensor. The
temperature sensor's value is also transmitted to the
microcontroller.

It's possible that the LCD attached to the Arduino

microcontroller is showing all of these figures. Typically, the
relay module that is attached to the load uses low power
input to control the high-power output.

The Lora protocol, which enables long-distance, low-

power communication, is employed throughout the entire
transmission process. Imagine that in the event of an Fig 8 Receiver Showing Alert Message
overvoltage in the equipment, the Arduino microcontroller
uses the Lora protocol to activate the buzzer on the VI. CONCLUSION
transmitter side. Manually turning off the machinery is
possible with the keypad. The "Industrial Environment Monitoring using LoRa"
project work has been successfully conceived and
V. RESULTS developed. A prototype module is built for demonstration
purposes, and the findings are deemed adequate. Only two
parameters are taken into account because it is a prototype
module, but with minimal modifications, other parameters
like voltage, current, pressure, humidity, light, etc. can also
be measured in the same system. Since this device has
numerous I/O lines, the system is now designed with a
controller. However, the system can be expanded to include
more facilities and be controlled.

The main drawback of using microcontroller is that it

cannot store the information, presently the system is
designed to display the present values with control action if
necessary, but the previous data cannot be stored. So to
achieve this if a computer is interfaced to this system, the
data can be stored from time to time.

The main advantage of using computer is, if required

the data of every individual parameter can be stored
Fig 7 Harmful Gas Detection at Transmitter independently and failure causes information can also be
stored. This information is quite useful for the user for the
analysis of the various parameters of the industry.

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2579

FUTURE WORK CODE

A system optimized for monitoring, controlling, and  Arduino Code :

long-distance communication with the machinery.
Additionally, it warns the user to manually stop the TX:
equipment in order to avert additional collapse. In keeping //3.3V-3.3V,GND-GND,NSS-D10,DIO0-D2,SCK-
with this, we have intended to identify potential future harm D13,MISO-D12,MOSI-D11,RST-D9
to machinery in prior updates. #include <SPI.h>
#include <LoRa.h>
REFERENCES #include <DHT.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
[1]. The 8051 Micro-controller Architecture, LiquidCrystal lcd(A1,A0, 6, 5, 4, 3);
programming & Applications By: Kenneth J. Ayala #define DHTPIN 7
[2]. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems #define DHTTYPE DHT11
By: MD Ali Mazidi DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); //Defining the pin and the
[3]. Practical transistor circuit design and analysis By: dhttype
GERALD E. WILLIAMS const int GAS=8;
[4]. Programming and Customizing the 8051 Micro- const int FIRE=A2;
controller By: Myke Predko const int BUZZ=A3;
[5]. The concepts and Features of Micro-controllers - By: float h=0;
Raj Kamal float t=0;
[6]. Electronic Circuit guide book – Sensors – By int counter=0;
JOSEPH J.CARR int cnt=0;
[7]. Mechanical and Industrial Measurements – R. K. Jain char b[200];
[8]. Yookesh, T. L., et al. "Efficiency of iterative void setup()
filtering method for solving Volterra fuzzy integral
equations with a delay and material investigation." {lcd.begin(16, 2);
Materials today: Proceedings 47 (2021): 6101- lcd.setCursor(0,0);
6104.Digital Electronics. By JOSEPH J.CARR lcd.print("FIRE: T:00C");
[9]. Electronics for you – Monthly Magazine lcd.setCursor(0,1);
[10]. Y. Yi, H. Zhao, and Y. Wang, “LoRa Signal lcd.print("GAS: ");
Monitoring System of Multi-Node Software Define Serial.begin(9600);
Radio,” in 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications Serial.println("HI WELCOME!!");
and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW), pinMode(GAS,INPUT);
2020, pp. 1–5. pinMode(FIRE,INPUT);
[11]. Y. Ouo and Z. Liu, “Time-Delay-Estimation-Liked pinMode(BUZZ,OUTPUT);
Detection Algorithm for LoRa Signals over digitalWrite(BUZZ,LOW);
Multipath Channels,” IEEE Wireless if (!LoRa.begin(433E6)) {
Communication. Lett., 2020. Serial.println("LoRa start failed!");
[12]. Hammi, B.; Khatoun, R.; Zeadally, S.; Fayad, A.; while (1);}
Khoukhi, L. IoT technologies for smart cities. IET dht.begin();}
Netw. 2018,. 1–13.17.Z void loop()
[13]. Kavya.R, Gowripriya.K, J.Dhanasekar, “ IEEE
802.15.4: A Wireless Communication technology”, {int packetSize = LoRa.parsePacket();
International Journal of Emerging Trends in if (packetSize)
Science and Technology, Vol 1, Issue 3, October
2015. {Serial.println(“packet Recieved '");
[14]. P. J. Ryan and R. B. Watson, “Research digitalWrite(BUZZ,HIGH);
Challenges for the Internet of Things: What Role while (LoRa.available())
Can OR Play?,” Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–
34,2017. {b[cnt]=LoRa.read();
[15]. C. Venkataraman, Hema M, Kalaivani C T, A lcd.print((char)b[cnt]);
Manjunathan. K Sheikdavood, D.Sindhu, A cnt=cnt+1;
Manikandan “A Hybrid MAC Protocol for Different if(cnt==16)
Densities of Clusters in Wireless Sensor Networks”,
Design Engineering Issue: 5, Pages: 347 – 355, pp.
55-66, 2021.

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Volume 9, Issue 4, April – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24APR2579

{lcd.setCursor(0,1);}} RX:
lcd.setCursor(0,0); //3.3V-3.3V,GND-GND,NSS-D10,DIO0-D2,
lcd.print("danger "); SCK-D13,MISO-D12,MOSI-D11,RST-D9
lcd.setCursor(0,1); #include <LiquidCrystal.h>
lcd.print(" "); LiquidCrystal lcd(A1,A0,6,5,4,3);
while(1);} #include <SPI.h>
#include <LoRa.h>
if(digitalRead(GAS)==LOW) const int key=8;
const int BUZZ=7;
{lcd.setCursor(4,1); int cnt=0;
lcd.print("YES"); char b[200];
Serial.println("HARMFUL GASES!"); int i=0;
for(counter=0;counter<=10;counter++) int counter=0;
void setup()
{Serial.print("Sending packet:"); {lcd.begin(16, 2);
Serial.println(counter); lcd.setCursor(0,0);
LoRa.beginPacket(); lcd.print("WELCOME ");
LoRa.print("!HARMFUL GASES Detected"); pinMode(key,INPUT);
LoRa.endPacket();}} pinMode(BUZZ,OUTPUT);
else digitalWrite(BUZZ,LOW);
digitalWrite(key,HIGH);
{lcd.setCursor(4,1); Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.print("NO "); Serial.println("ready");
Serial.println("NO HARMFUL GASES");} if (!LoRa.begin(433E6)) {
if(digitalRead(FIRE)==HIGH) Serial.println("Starting LoRa failed!");
{lcd.setCursor(5,0); lcd.setCursor(5,1);
lcd.print("YES"); lcd.print("error");
Serial.println("FIRE DETECTED"); while (1);}}
for(counter=0;counter<=10;counter++) void loop()
{Serial.print("Sending packet: "); {lcd.setCursor(0,0);
Serial.println(counter); int packetSize = LoRa.parsePacket();
LoRa.beginPacket(); if (packetSize)
LoRa.print("ALERT!FIRE DETECTED"); {Serial.println("Received packet '");
LoRa.endPacket();}} digitalWrite(BUZZ,HIGH);
else while (LoRa.available())
{lcd.setCursor(5,0); {b[cnt]=LoRa.read();
lcd.print("NO "); lcd.print((char)b[cnt]);
Serial.println("NO FIRE");} cnt=cnt+1;
t = dht.readTemperature(); if(cnt==16)
{lcd.setCursor(0,1);}}
Serial.print("TEMPERATURE:"); delay(5000);
Serial.print(t); digitalWrite(BUZZ,LOW);
Serial.println('C'); cnt=0;
for(i=0;i<50;i++)
lcd.setCursor(13,0);
lcd.print(t); {b[i]=0;}
lcd.setCursor(15,0); i=0;}
lcd.print("C ");
if(t>36) if(digitalRead(key)==LOW)
{for(counter=0;counter<=10;counter++) {for(counter=0;counter<=10;counter++)
{Serial.print("Sending packet: "); {Serial.print("Sending packet: ");
Serial.println(counter); Serial.println(counter);
LoRa.beginPacket(); LoRa.beginPacket();
LoRa.print("T:"); LoRa.print("DANGER!");
LoRa.print(t); LoRa.endPacket();}}}
LoRa.print("C,HIGH TEMPERATURE");
LoRa.endPacket();}}}

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