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Computer Science-Lesson9

The document discusses computer science lessons about functions in Python. It defines what a function is, how to create functions, pass arguments to functions, return values from functions, and use different function parameters like default values and arbitrary arguments.

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instructor Amer
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© © All Rights Reserved
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13 views

Computer Science-Lesson9

The document discusses computer science lessons about functions in Python. It defines what a function is, how to create functions, pass arguments to functions, return values from functions, and use different function parameters like default values and arbitrary arguments.

Uploaded by

instructor Amer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER SCIENCE-

LESSON9
LESSON 9
QUIZ

Create a code for entering the exam scores for students of a subject, as it will be
shown in the output the marks of students who only passed the exam.
ANSWER

# For entering the list:

• user_input = input("Enter the marks of students separated by commas: ")


• marks_list = user_input.split(',')
• try:
• marks_list = [int(mark) for mark in marks_list]
• print("Student marks:", marks_list)
• except ValueError:
• print("Some items in the list are not valid integers. Please enter valid marks.")
#VALUEERROR
• ValueError is not a keyword in Python. It is an exception class in Python that is raised when an
operation or function receives an argument of the correct type but an inappropriate value.
• For example, if you try to convert a string to an integer, and the string is not a valid integer, a ValueError
will be raised.
Example:
• try:
• number = int("abc") # This will raise a ValueError
• except ValueError:
• print(f"Error")
ANSWER

# using the for loop through the list to filter out the scores:

• for x in marks_list:
• if x>=60:
• print(x)
ANSWER

Now Create a new list containing only the scores of students who passed the exam:

List1=[x for x in marks_list if x>=60]


Print(List1)
QUIZ

Now redo the code using while loops instead of for


ANSWER
• user_input = input("Enter the marks of students separated by commas: ")
• marks_list = user_input.split(',')
• try:
• marks_list = [int(mark) for mark in marks_list]
• print("Student marks:", marks_list)
• except ValueError:
• print("Some items in the list are not valid integers. Please enter valid marks.")
• x=0
• while x<len(marks_list):
• if marks_list[x]>=60:
• print(marks_list[x])
• x=x+1
9- FUNCTIONS
9-1 WHAT IS A FUNCTION?

• A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.

• You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function.

• A function can return data as a result.


9- FUNCTIONS

Creating a Function
• In Python a function is defined using the def keyword:

Example:
• def my_function():
• print("Hello from a function")
9- FUNCTIONS

Calling a Function
To call a function, use the function name followed by parenthesis:

Example
• def my_function():
• print("Hello from a function")

• my_function()
9-FUNCTIONS

Arguments
• Information can be passed into functions as arguments.

• Arguments are specified after the function name, inside the parentheses. You can add as many arguments as
you want, just separate them with a comma.

• The following example has a function with one argument (fname). When the function is called, we pass along
a first name, which is used inside the function to print the full name:
• def my_function(fname):
• print(fname+" Taha")
• my_function("Omar")
9-FUNCTIONS
Parameters or Arguments?
• The terms parameter and argument can be used for the same thing: information that is passed into a
function.

Number of Arguments
• By default, a function must be called with the correct number of arguments. Meaning that if your function
expects 2 arguments, you have to call the function with 2 arguments, not more, and not less.

Example:
• This function expects 2 arguments, and gets 2 arguments:

• def my_function(fname, lname):


• print(fname + " "+ lname)
• my_function("Omar", "Taha")
9-FUNCTIONS

If you try to call the function with 1 or 3 arguments, you will get an error:
Example:
This function expects 2 arguments, but gets only 1:

• def my_function(fname, lname):


• print(fname + " " + lname)

• my_function("Emil")
9-FUNCTIONS
Arbitrary Arguments, *args

• If you do not know how many arguments that will be passed into your function, add a * before the parameter
name in the function definition.

• This way the function will receive a tuple of arguments, and can access the items accordingly:

Example
If the number of arguments is unknown, add a * before the parameter name:

• def my_function(*kids):
• print("The youngest child is " + kids[2])

• my_function("Emil", "Tobias", "Linus")


9-FUNCTIONS

Default Parameter Value


If we call the function without argument, it uses the default value:

Example:
• def my_function(country = "Norway"):
• print("I am from " + country)

• my_function("Sweden")
• my_function("India")
• my_function()
• my_function("Brazil")
9-FUNCTIONS
• You can send any data types of argument to a function (string, number, list, dictionary etc.), and it will be
treated as the same data type inside the function.

• E.g. if you send a List as an argument, it will still be a List when it reaches the function:

Example:
• def my_function(food):
• for x in food:
• print(x)

• fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

• my_function(fruits)
9-FUNCTIONS

Return Values
To let a function return a value, use the return statement:

Example
• def my_function(x):
• return 5 * x

• print(my_function(3))
• print(my_function(5))
• print(my_function(9))

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