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Circuits

This document discusses the components of electric circuits including energy sources that provide voltage, how current flows through wires, measuring current in amps, how resistance affects current flow, and Ohm's Law which relates voltage, current, and resistance.

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ardentnikhil
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6 views16 pages

Circuits

This document discusses the components of electric circuits including energy sources that provide voltage, how current flows through wires, measuring current in amps, how resistance affects current flow, and Ohm's Law which relates voltage, current, and resistance.

Uploaded by

ardentnikhil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Warm Up 1/24

Imagine a river flowing down a


mountainside.
1. Where does the river water
get its energy from?
2. What is the term for the
motion of water
downstream?
3. What features could slow
down or stop the river?
Objective 1/24

Identify and describe the components of a simple circuit.


Circuits

An electric circuit is any


“closed” path along which
electricity can flow.
A path is “closed” if it forms a
complete loop.
A break in the path will halt
the flow of electricity, and
thus the flow of energy.
+ -
Energy Source

The source of the energy


flowing through a circuit
element is potential
difference, or voltage (V),
between the two ends of the
circuit.
This can be provided via a
battery or an electrical outlet.
Energy Flow

In a river, the transfer of


energy takes the form of
water molecules moving
downstream.
In a circuit, energy moves
from one end to the other
via the movement of
electric charges through
the wire.
Measuring Energy Flow
Conventional Current
The current of a river, also
called discharge, is measured
in ft3/second or gallons/day.
Electrical current (I) is
measured in amperes (A), or
amps, where one amp is the
movement of one Coulomb
of charge per second through
a section of wire.
Real Current
Current vs Resistance

The difficulty with which


current flows through a
section of pipe/wire is called
resistivity.
The lower the resistivity, the
more easily and quickly
current will flow, increasing
the current.
Energy Usage

A river’s energy can be used to


erode rocks and to spin turbines
to generate electricity.
In a circuit, the energy carried
by the charges’ movement can
be used in many ways:
 Heating a coil
 Turning a clock
 Lighting a bulb
Viva la…

Circuit elements that use the


energy carried by the current
are called resistors. These
elements “slow” down the
current by transforming a
part of the energy carried.
Resistance (R) is measured in
Ohms (Ω).
Warm Up 1/27
For the following aspects of a circuit element, discuss with your
neighbors to determine how and why it will affect its resistance.
Draw from the lesson from Friday and your own experiences with
electronic devices (phones, computers, consoles).
Factor Direct or Inverse Proportion?
Cross-sectional area
Length
Temperature
Resistivity
Objective 1/27

Use Ohm’s Law to calculate the three basic components


of a simple circuit (Voltage, Current, Resistance).
Follow Up

Think back to Friday’s river


analogy for a circuit.
What happens to the current
of the river when the vertical
distance is in/decreased?
When happens to the current
of the river when more/less
rocks and dams are built?
Ohm’s Law

The current in a circuit is directly


proportional to the voltage across
it, and inversely proportional to
the resistance through it.
This relation is called Ohm’s Law
𝑉
𝐼=
𝑅
and is commonly rewritten as
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
Exceptions

 Ohm’s Law assumes that the resistance of a circuit element is


constant, however this only holds true for certain materials.
Materials that obey this assumption are referred to as ohmic.

 Materials that don’t follow this assumption have nonlinear


relationships between voltage and current and are referred to
as non-ohmic.
Practice Problem 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅

A 4 Ω resistor has 6 A of
𝑉 = 6A 4Ω
current flowing through it. 𝑉 = 24 V = 4 Ω/10 Ω
What is the magnitude of
voltage supplied by the source?
= 24 V =6A
The 4 Ω resistor is replaced
with a 10 Ω resistor. How
much current flows through
the circuit after the swap? 24 V = 𝐼(10Ω)
𝐼 = 2.4 A
Homework 1/27

Page 703 #1-6


Page 707 #1, 2, 4, 7
*DRAW A LABELED CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR EACH
PROBLEM*

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