1.

What are the two key concepts—one from Chapter 3 and one from this chapter—that
definefunctional requirements?

- Use cases and problem domain model.

- Problem that require the area of expertise of specific fields related to the business in order to solve the
problem.

3. What is a “thing” called in models used by traditional analysts and database analysts?

- Data entity

4. What is a “thing” called in newer approaches that use UML?

- Object or object class

5. What are two techniques for identifying things in the problem domain?

- Brainstorming technique: Gather a group for an open conversation between each members to generate
ideas and concepts related to the problem.

- Noun technique: Identifying problem domain objects by finding and classifying all object(noun) related
to the problem.

6. What are some examples of tangible things in the problem domain of a restaurant?

- Tangible thing that are exclusive to restaurant like: food, menu, meal, restaurant utensil, dinner tissue.

7. What are some sites or locations in the problem domain of a restaurant?

- Restaurant locations (if chained franchise)

8. What are some roles played by people in the problem domain of a restaurant?

- Chef, sous chef, waiter, waitress, bartender,...

9. What are the main steps of the brainstorming technique?

1. Identify a user and a set of use cases

2. Brainstorm with the user to identify things involved when

carrying out the use case—that is, things about which

information should be captured by the system.

questions about potential things, such as the following: Are

there any tangible things you store information about? Are

there any locations involved? Are there roles played by people

that you need to remember?

4. Continue to work with all types of users and stakeholders to

expand the brainstorming list

5. Merge the results, eliminate any duplicates, and compile an

initial list

10. Explain why identifying nouns helps identify things in the problem domain.

A technique to identify problem domain classes

(things) by finding, classifying, and refining a list of

nouns that come up in in discussions or documents

11. What are the main steps of the noun technique?

1. Using the use cases, actors, and other information about the

2. Using other information from existing systems, current

procedures, and current reports or forms, add items or

categories of information needed.

3. As this list of nouns builds, refine it. Ask these questions about

each noun to help you decide whether you should include it.

4. Create a master list of all nouns identified and then note

whether each one should be included, excluded, or researched

further.

5. Review the list with users, stakeholders, and team members and

then define the list of things in the problem domain.

system— including inputs and outputs—identify all nouns.

12. What is an attribute, an identifier or key, and a compound attribute?

each instance of the class

Identifier or key

Identifier or key— One attribute uniquely identifies an instance of the class.

Required for data entities, optional for domain classes.

Compound attribute— Two or more attributes combined into one structure to

simplify the model. (E.g., address rather than including

number, street, city, state, zip separately). Sometimes an

identifier or key is a compound attribute.

13. What is an association, and what system development standard defines it?

Association— a naturally occurring relationship

between classes

14. How would you describe or name the association between a ship and a captain?

A caption is in charge/in responsible of the ship.

15. What is the term used for association by traditional analysts and database analysts?

An association is called a relationship.

16. What is an association class? Why is an association class used for modeling?

Association class— an association that is treated as a

class in a many to many association because it has

attributes that need to be remembered (such as grade)

17. What is multiplicity, and what is the other term used by traditional analysts and database analysts?

Multiplicity is term for the number of associations between classes: 1 to

1 or 1 to many, it is also known as cardinality

18. What is the minimum multiplicity for the association that reads a customer places zero or more
orders?

Minimum is zero
19. What is the maximum multiplicity for the association that reads an order is placed by exactly one
customer?

Maximum is one

20. What are some examples of multiplicity constraints?

A school can accept many students but a student can only apply for one school.

21. What are the three types of associations, and which is the most commonly used?

Binary Association: Associations between exactly two different classes

Unary Association (recursive): Associations between two instances of the same

class

Ternary Association (recursive): Associations between three instances of the same

class

I think the most used association is Binary Association.

22. What are the three key parts of an entity-relationship diagram (ERD)?

3 key parts of erd are entities, relationships and attributes.

23. Sketch a simple ERD that shows a team has zero or more players and each player is on one and only
one team.

25. What is a class, a domain class, and the key parts of a class diagram?

A class is a blueprint for creating objects in object-oriented programming. It defines the properties
(attributes) and behaviors (methods) that objects of the class will have.
A domain class specifically refers to a class within the context of a particular domain or problem space. It
represents a concept or entity relevant to that domain. For example, in a university system, domain
classes could include Student, Course, and Instructor.

Important concepts:
Class Name: The name of the class, typically written in title case.

Attributes: Properties or data fields of the class, representing its state. Attributes are often shown with
their data types.

Methods: Behaviors or functions that the class can perform, often depicted beneath the class name and
attributes.

Relationships: Connections between classes, indicating how they are related to each other. Relationships
can include associations, generalizations (inheritance), aggregations, and dependencies.

Multiplicity: A.K.A the cardinality of the relationships, showing how many instances of one class are
associated with instances of another class.

26. What does a domain model class diagram show about system requirements, and how is it different
from an ERD?

Domain model class diagram show the attributes, methods, associations,relationships,… they take use of
the oop method into real world scenario, compared it to erd, erd is more geared toward database design
which most piece of information don’t have methods, but have to signify the keys attributes to be
recognizeable.

27. List appropriate UML class names by using the camelback notation for the following classes:
graduate student, undergraduate major, course instructor, and final exam feedback.

GraduateStudent

UndergraduateMajor

CourseInstructor

FinalExamFeedback

28. List appropriate UML attribute names for the following attributes: student name, course grade, major
name, and final exam quantity score.

studentName

courseGrade

majorName
finalExamQuantityScore

29. Draw a simple domain model class diagram for the example in question #23 where a team has zero
or more players and each player is on one and only one team.

30. Extend the domain model class diagram for teams and players to show a record of game statistics for
each player in each game using an association class.

31. In UML, what are three types of relationships found on a class diagram?

Type of UML Relationship are Association, Dependency , Generalization , and Realization