Commissioning and Maintenance P22X/En Cm/B44 Micom P220/P225
Commissioning and Maintenance P22X/En Cm/B44 Micom P220/P225
Commissioning and Maintenance P22X/En Cm/B44 Micom P220/P225
MiCOM P220/P225
COMMISSIONING AND
MAINTENANCE
P22x/EN CM/B44 Commissioning and Maintenance
MiCOM P220/P225
Commissioning and Maintenance P22x/EN CM/B44
CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2.1.2 Communication 4
3.3 Earthing 5
4. COMMISSIONING 7
4.1 Settings 7
4.2 Measurements 7
5. MAINTENANCE PERIOD 14
6. MAINTENANCE CHECKS 15
6.1 Alarms 15
8. EQUIPMENT FAILURE 19
8.1 Types of equipment failure 19
8.2 The equipment failure relay (WD) is closed (only for major faults) 19
9. PROBLEM SOLVING 21
9.1 Password lost or not accepted 21
9.1.1 Communication 21
1. INTRODUCTION
The MiCOM P220/P225 relays are fully numerical in design and employ a high degree of
self-checking. Any fault affecting a hardware or software component is instantly detected
and signalled as a device fault.
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE USER
SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE "HANDLING AND
SAFETY" SECTION.
P22x/EN CM/B44 Commisioning and Maintenance
P1 S1
P2 S2
Other ends
of electrical cables
P0041ENa
_
P1 S1 + mA
+
_
P2 S2
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4. COMMISSIONING
The various operations described in this section are not exhaustive, but combine functions of
MiCOM P220/P225 relay which are able to confirm that the relay is operational. The use of
appropriate AREVA T&D setting software connected to either the RS485 rear port or the
RS232 front is not obligatory. The various indications associated with each commissioning
module are described for the MiCOM P220/P225 front panel display (LCD and LEDs).
Commissioning covers the following points:
1. Input of settings
3. Validation of measurements
4. Validation of the thermal replica: Iteta>=, teta ALARM, teta FORBID START, Te1, Te2,
Tr (49)
5. Validation of phase overcurrent protection thresholds and time delays: I>>, tI>>
(50/51)
6. Validation of earth fault protection thresholds and time delays: Io>, tIo>, Io>>, t Io>>
(50N/51N)
7. Validation of the negative sequence thresholds I2> and I2>> (46)
8. Validation of the automation function: latching of the relay outputs
4.1 Settings
Input into the Commissioning Test Report file all of the settings of the MiCOM P220/P225
relay.
4.2 Measurements
The MiCOM P220/P225 relay measures phase and earth currents as a True RMS value up
to the 10th harmonic. The value(s) indicated take account of the phase and/or earth CT ratio.
WARNING: MiCOM P220/P225 RELAY HAS 1 AND 5 AMP CURRENT INPUTS.
CHECK THAT THE INJECTED CURRENT IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE
SELECTED RANGE
• Bring forward to the Setting report the values of phase and earth CTs
• Apply to each current input (as per wiring diagram) a current and check the values on
the LCD display
• Carry forward the results to the Commissioning test report (applied values and relay
values displayed)
4.2.1 Thermal overload protection
P220/P225 relays model the time-current thermal characteristic of a motor by internally
generating a thermal replica of the machine. The aim of this test is to check:
• The presence of a thermal alarm as soon as the thermal state reaches the set
threshold
I eq = √(Irms2 + Ke I22)
Where:
Irms: root mean square current
I2: negative sequence current
Ke is a constant proportional to the thermal capacity of the motor
(Ke Coefficient default setting = 3)
The equivalent motor heating current assuming Ke = 3 becomes:
Ieq = √ [ 4/3 * (Iinject) 2 ]
= (2 Iinjected/√3)
The equation used to calculate the trip time at 100% of thermal state is:
t = τ ln((k2 – A)/(k2–1))
Where the value of τ (thermal time constant) depends on the current value absorbed by the
motor:
τ = Te 1 (Thermal Const T1) if Iteta < Ieq< = 2*Iteta : overload time constant
t = τ ln(k2/(k2–1))
The equation used to calculate the time to the thermal alarm is:
Checks:
1. Display of an alarm message on the front panel LCD.
2. Alarm LED flashes.
3. Trip LED flashes.
4. I>> threshold LED flashes (if programmed).
5. Trip output closes.
6. I>> threshold output closes (if programmed).
tI>> time delay check:
1. Apply a current on one of the phases and measure the time delay tI>> by pre-setting
the current above the I>> threshold (I injected > 2 x I threshold).
2. Apply a current on one of the phases and measure the time delay tI>> by pre-setting
the current above the I>> threshold (I injected > 10 x I threshold).
4.4 Earth overcurrent: Io>, Io>>
Two earth overcurrent thresholds are available in the MiCOM P220/P225 relays. Each
threshold is adjusted independently. Set the various thresholds on the trip output.
4.4.1 Io> threshold
Values to be recorded:
1. Io> threshold.
2. Time delay tIo>.
Io> threshold check:
1. If the time delay tIo> is short, gradually increase the injection current up to the value of
the Io> threshold.
2. If the time delay tIo> is long, inject 0.95 x I threshold and check that there is no
tripping. Then inject 1.1 x I threshold and check the trip.
3. Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out Io>
threshold.
Checks:
1. Alarm message on the LCD display.
2. Alarm LED flashes.
3. Trip LED flashes.
4. Io> threshold LED flashes (if programmed).
5. Trip output closes.
6. Io> threshold output closes (if programmed).
tIo> time delay check:
1. Apply a current on the earth input and measure the time delay tIo> by pre-setting the
current above the Io> threshold (I injected > 2 x I threshold).
2. Apply a current on the earth input and measure the time delay tIo> by pre-setting the
current above the Io> threshold (I injected > 10 x I threshold).
Commissioning and Maintenance P22x/EN CM/B44
* During the commissioning tests, all the protective functions shall be preferably set to off
(NO) excepted the one which is being tested.
P22x/EN CM/B44 Commisioning and Maintenance
5. MAINTENANCE PERIOD
It is recommended that products supplied by AREVA T&D receive regular monitoring after
installation. As with all products some deterioration with time is inevitable. In view of the
critical nature of protective relays and their infrequent operation, it is desirable to confirm that
they are operating correctly at regular intervals.
MiCOM P220/P225 relays are self-supervising and so require less maintenance than earlier
designs. Most problems will result in an alarm so that remedial action can be taken.
However, some periodic tests should be performed to ensure that the relay is functioning
correctly and that the external wiring is intact.
If a Preventive Maintenance Policy exists within the customer's organisation, the
recommended product checks should be included in the regular programme.
Maintenance periods will depend on many factors, such as:
6. MAINTENANCE CHECKS
Although some functionality checks can be performed from a remote location by utilising the
communications ability of the relays, it is recommended that maintenance checks are
performed locally.
6.1 Alarms
The alarm status LED should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions exist. If so,
press the read key c repeatedly to step through the alarms. Clear the alarms to extinguish
the LED(s) provided the original cause no longer exists.
6.2 Logic inputs
The logic inputs (opto-isolators) can be checked to ensure that the relay responds on
energisation.
This test checks that all 6 opto-isolated outputs of the MiCOM P220/P225 are functioning
correctly.
Energise the logic inputs one at a time with voltage V, with the terminal numbers in
accordance with the table below.
The status of each opto-isolated input can be viewed in the "OP.PARAMETERS" menu. "1"
indicates an energised input, "0" indicates a de-energised input.
Supply to Terminals
LOGIC INPUTS OP. PARAMETERS/INPUT Value
+V –V
Input L1 22 24 0 0 0 0 0 1
Input L2 26 28 0 0 0 0 1 0
Input L3 13 15 0 0 0 1 0 0
Input L4 17 19 0 0 1 0 0 0
Input L5 21 23 0 1 0 0 0 0
Input L6 25 27 1 0 0 0 0 0
− Another remote control signal must be sent to de-energise the output relays
Once the output relay tests are completed, reset the MiCOM relays to normal operation
mode
Upper flap
Lower flap
P0432ENa
Before replacing the withdrawable part in the case, reset the 2 opposing cams.
N. B.: - MiCOM P220/P225 relays have integral current transformer
shorting switches which will close when the withdrawable part is
removed.
- In case of fuse-contactor controlled by a voltage loss coil, do not
remove the withdrawable part if the contactor is closed. In fact,
removing the withdrawable part will break the power circuit for the
voltage loss coil, causing the opening of the contactor.
P22x/EN CM/B44 Commisioning and Maintenance
8. EQUIPMENT FAILURE
8.1 Types of equipment failure
HARDWARE ALARMS
As soon as an internal fault (i.e. an equipment failure) is detected in the MiCOM relay:
An alarm is displayed as a priority on the front panel display.
The "Warning" fault LED is illuminated:
− COMM. ERROR
− CLOCK ERROR
− RAM ERROR
− RTD/Therm ERROR
The protective relay continues to function in the event of a minor equipment failure.
8.3.1 Major faults
The following hardware alarms are considered major faults:
− CT/VT ERROR
The protective relay ceases to function in the event of a major equipment failure, the
protective and automation components are disabled and all output relays are de-energised:
the equipment failure relay (WD) is off, as are all other output relays if already energised -
even if programmed "latched".
8.4 Equipment failures and solutions
8.4.1 COMM. ERROR
Communication module failure via RS485 port. This can be a hardware or software failure.
Action:
− If communication is being used, remove the withdrawable part and return it to the
factory for repair
P22x/EN CM/B44 Commisioning and Maintenance
− The impedance measured at the relay detector input terminals is outside a certain
range. This may be due to short-wiring or an open circuit or a disconnected RTD
9. PROBLEM SOLVING
9.1 Password lost or not accepted
Problem:
Password lost or not accepted
Cause:
MiCOM P220/P225 relays are supplied with the password set to: AAAA
This password can be changed by the user (refer to the OP. PARAMETERS menu).
Action:
There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which can be
supplied by the factory or service agent if provided with details of the model and serial
number (under the upper flap on the front panel). Contact your AREVA local dealer or the
AREVA T&D contact centre with the serial number.
9.1.1 Communication
9.1.1.1 Values measured locally and remotely
Problem:
Values measured locally and remotely (via RS485 communication) differ.
Cause:
The values accessible on the front panel via the MEASUREMENT menus are refreshed
every second. Those fed back via communication and accessible via the AREVA T&D
setting software generally have settable refresh frequencies. If the refresh frequency of the
supervision software differs from that of the MiCOM relay (1s), there may be a difference
between the indicated values.
Action:
Adjust the refresh frequency for the measurements of the supervision software or the
support software to 1 second.
9.1.1.2 MiCOM relay no longer responds
Problem:
No response from the MiCOM relay following a request by the supervision software: no
communication fault message.
Cause:
Normally this type of problem is linked to a configuration error in the MiCOM relay
communication parameters.
Action:
Check that the MiCOM relay communication parameters (data rate, parity, etc.) are in
accordance with the supervision software.
Check the MiCOM relay network address.
Check that this address is not used by another device connected on the same LAN.
Check that the other devices on the same LAN respond to supervision requests.
P22x/EN CM/B44 Commisioning and Maintenance
tI> Operation of the “phase OC” function: time delayed element tI>.
PHASE … Display of the faulty phase.
t I >> Operation of the “phase OC” function: time delayed element
PHASE … tI>>.
Display of the faulty phase.
t I >>> Operation of the “phase OC” function: time delayed element
PHASE … tI>>>.
Display of the faulty phase.
t I0> Operation of the “earth fault” function: time delayed element t
Io>
LONG START Operation of the “excessive start time” function: time delayed
t Istart element tIstart
MECHAN JAM Operation of the “stalled rotor while running” function: time
t Istall delayed element tIstall
t RTD1 TRIP Operation of the RTD1 temperature trip element: time delayed
element tRTD1 TRIP, and so on for RTD2, RTD3, RTD4, RTD5,
RTD6, RTD7, RTD8, RTD9 and RTD10.
Thermist 1 Operation of the Thermist1 temperature element …and so on
for Thermist 2 and Thermist 3.
SAn The sum of amperesn has reached (or it has exceeded) the
“SAn” threshold.
BUS VOLTAGE Busbar voltage too low to enable a start. (P225 only)
(self resettable alarm).
ANTI BACK Block start due to Anti backspin function: minimum time
SPIN between a motor stoppage and a re-start
(self resettable alarm).
CB FAIL. Circuit breaker failure.
LATCH AUX OUTPUT One or several output relays are latched energised.
RLY
CLEAR ALL ALARMS. To clear all the alarms, press the key.
P22x/EN CM/B44 Commisioning and Maintenance