Commissioning and Maintenance P22X/En Cm/B44 Micom P220/P225

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Commissioning and Maintenance P22x/EN CM/B44

MiCOM P220/P225

COMMISSIONING AND
MAINTENANCE
P22x/EN CM/B44 Commissioning and Maintenance

MiCOM P220/P225
Commissioning and Maintenance P22x/EN CM/B44

MiCOM P220/P225 Page 1/26

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. REQUIREMENTS PRIOR TO COMMISSIONING 4


2.1 Injection test boxes 4

2.1.1 Additional test equipments 4

2.1.2 Communication 4

2.1.3 Commissioning test records 4

3. PRODUCT VERIFICATION TESTS 5


3.1 Allocation of terminals 5

3.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 5

3.3 Earthing 5

3.4 Current transformers (CTs) 5

3.4.1 Use of a core balance CT for earth faults 5

3.4.2 Cable shields and core balance CT 5

3.4.3 Phase CTs orientation 6

4. COMMISSIONING 7
4.1 Settings 7

4.2 Measurements 7

4.2.1 Thermal overload protection 7

4.2.1.1 Perform the test 8

4.2.1.2 Verify the operating time 8

4.3 Phase overcurrent 9

4.3.1 I>> threshold 9

4.4 Earth overcurrent: Io>, Io>> 10

4.4.1 Io> threshold 10

4.4.2 Io>> threshold 11

4.5 Negative phase sequence threshold(46) 11

4.5.1 I2> threshold 11

4.5.2 I2>> threshold 12

4.6 Commissioning parameters data base 12

4.6.1 PROTECTION menu 12


P22x/EN CM/B44 Commisioning and Maintenance

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5. MAINTENANCE PERIOD 14

6. MAINTENANCE CHECKS 15
6.1 Alarms 15

6.2 Logic inputs 15

6.3 Output relays 15

6.3.1 Maintenance mode 15

6.3.2 Testing the output relays 16

7. EXCHANGING THE RELAY 17


7.1 Remove the withdrawable part 17

7.2 Exchanging the relay and the case 18

8. EQUIPMENT FAILURE 19
8.1 Types of equipment failure 19

8.2 The equipment failure relay (WD) is closed (only for major faults) 19

8.3 Minor faults 19

8.3.1 Major faults 19

8.4 Equipment failures and solutions 19

8.4.1 COMM. ERROR 19

8.4.2 CLOCK ERROR 20

8.4.3 RAM ERROR 20

8.4.4 RTD/Therm ERROR 20

8.4.5 EEPROM ERROR DATA 20

8.4.6 EEPROM ERROR CALIBR 20

8.4.7 CT/VT ERROR 20

9. PROBLEM SOLVING 21
9.1 Password lost or not accepted 21

9.1.1 Communication 21

9.1.1.1 Values measured locally and remotely 21

9.1.1.2 MiCOM relay no longer responds 21

9.1.1.3 A remote control signal is not taken into account 22

10. LIST OF THE RELAY ALARM MESSAGES 23

11. LIST OF THE MOTOR ALARM MESSAGES 24


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MiCOM P220/P225 Page 3/26

1. INTRODUCTION
The MiCOM P220/P225 relays are fully numerical in design and employ a high degree of
self-checking. Any fault affecting a hardware or software component is instantly detected
and signalled as a device fault.
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE USER
SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE "HANDLING AND
SAFETY" SECTION.
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2. REQUIREMENTS PRIOR TO COMMISSIONING


BEFORE COMMISSIONING THE RELAY, THE SAFETY SECTION OF THE MANUAL
MUST BE READ.
When commissioning the MiCOM relay for the first time, 1/4 hour should be allowed to
become familiar with the menu (“MENU OF THE HMI” section).
With a laptop computer and AREVA setting software MiCOM S1 Studio, the user can
configure the MiCOM P220/P225 relay and save this setting. The saved file can
subsequently be downloaded via the RS232 front port or via the RS485 link on the rear of
the MiCOM relays.
2.1 Injection test boxes
For reasons of convenience (weight, spatial requirement, transportation), a single-phase
injection test set is more suitable for the tests and is able to perform all the tests relating to
the MiCOM P220/P225 relay.
Thus, the following descriptions indicate how to conduct the tests with a single-phase
injection test set.
However, for certain tests, the three-phase wiring diagrams are easier to understand and, in
this case, the description is also given in three-phase format.

Single-phase injection test set


1 current (0 to 50 A), timer (precision 1 ms).

Three-phase injection test set


3 currents (0 to 50 A), timer (precision 1 ms).
2.1.1 Additional test equipments
2 multimeters (precision 1%),
1 clip-on ammeter to measure the currents exceeding 10 A (precision 2%),
Test plugs and wires to carry out injections to the CTs secondary (dimensions according to
the currents injected).
2.1.2 Communication
For all tests, the records can be made by using either the RS485 rear port or the RS232 front
port of the relay.
2.1.3 Commissioning test records
Commissioning test records are available in Chapter P22x/EN RS/B44.
The presentation of the Commissioning test records follows the sequence of the tests of this
chapter.
The contents of these Commissioning test records enable you to log:

• The name of the relay, station and circuit/plant

• The characteristics of the MiCOM P220/P225 relay

• The various settings

• The results of the tests


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MiCOM P220/P225 Page 5/26

3. PRODUCT VERIFICATION TESTS


3.1 Allocation of terminals
It is necessary to consult the appropriate wiring diagram of the MiCOM P220/P225 whilst
observing the various polarities and ground/earth connection.
3.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Before any handling of the module (active part of the relay), please refer to the
recommendations in chapter P22x/EN SS/B44.
Visual inspection
Carefully examine the relay to see if there has been any possible deterioration following
installation.
Check the serial number under the upper flap of the front panel. Also inspect the stated
nominal values and the model number.
Check if the external wiring corresponds to the appropriate relay diagram or the assembly
diagram.
When the relay is withdrawn from its case, use a continuity tester to check if the current
short-circuits (phases and earth CTs) between the terminals indicated on the wiring diagram
are closed.
3.3 Earthing
Check if the earth connection of the case situated above the rear terminal block is used to
connect the relay to a local earth bar. With several relays present, make sure that the
copper earth bar is properly installed for solidly connecting the earthing terminals of each
case.
3.4 Current transformers (CTs)
DANGER: NEVER OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A CURRENT
TRANSFORMER SINCE THE HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE
LETHAL AND COULD DAMAGE INSULATION.
3.4.1 Use of a core balance CT for earth faults
If a core balance CT is used to detect earth faults, prior to any test, the user must check the
following points:
1. MV cable screens and core balance CT,
2. No current flow through the MV cables.
3.4.2 Cable shields and core balance CT
When mounting a core balance CT around electric cables, check the connection to the earth
of the cable shields. It is vital that the earth cable of the shield moves in the opposite
direction through the core balance CT. This cancels the currents carried by the cable shields
through the core balance CT.
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Electrical cables directed


to the busbar Screen shields

P1 S1
P2 S2

Other ends
of electrical cables

P0041ENa

FIGURE 1 - SCREEN SHIELDS AND CORE BALANCE CT


3.4.3 Phase CTs orientation
It is necessary to check the orientation of the phase CTs by using the following quickest
method (flick test):
Have available a centre point analogue ammeter. Temporarily short-circuit the battery by
checking the diagram polarities (+ on P1 and – on P2). A positive current pulse traverses
the milliammeter and the needle shall turn in a positive direction .
Proceed this test for each phase CT.

_
P1 S1 + mA
+
_

P2 S2

P0043ENa

FIGURE 2 - PHASE CT ORIENTATION TEST


NOTE: De-magnetise the CT after the test. Inject a current starting from zero
and slowly cross the CT nominal value and then decrease slowly to
zero.
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4. COMMISSIONING
The various operations described in this section are not exhaustive, but combine functions of
MiCOM P220/P225 relay which are able to confirm that the relay is operational. The use of
appropriate AREVA T&D setting software connected to either the RS485 rear port or the
RS232 front is not obligatory. The various indications associated with each commissioning
module are described for the MiCOM P220/P225 front panel display (LCD and LEDs).
Commissioning covers the following points:
1. Input of settings
3. Validation of measurements
4. Validation of the thermal replica: Iteta>=, teta ALARM, teta FORBID START, Te1, Te2,
Tr (49)
5. Validation of phase overcurrent protection thresholds and time delays: I>>, tI>>
(50/51)
6. Validation of earth fault protection thresholds and time delays: Io>, tIo>, Io>>, t Io>>
(50N/51N)
7. Validation of the negative sequence thresholds I2> and I2>> (46)
8. Validation of the automation function: latching of the relay outputs
4.1 Settings
Input into the Commissioning Test Report file all of the settings of the MiCOM P220/P225
relay.
4.2 Measurements
The MiCOM P220/P225 relay measures phase and earth currents as a True RMS value up
to the 10th harmonic. The value(s) indicated take account of the phase and/or earth CT ratio.
WARNING: MiCOM P220/P225 RELAY HAS 1 AND 5 AMP CURRENT INPUTS.
CHECK THAT THE INJECTED CURRENT IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE
SELECTED RANGE

• Bring forward to the Setting report the values of phase and earth CTs

• Energise the MiCOM P220/P225 relay

• Apply to each current input (as per wiring diagram) a current and check the values on
the LCD display

• Carry forward the results to the Commissioning test report (applied values and relay
values displayed)
4.2.1 Thermal overload protection
P220/P225 relays model the time-current thermal characteristic of a motor by internally
generating a thermal replica of the machine. The aim of this test is to check:

• The presence of a thermal alarm as soon as the thermal state reaches the set
threshold

• The time to a thermal trip in case of a thermal overload

• The measurements of the thermal load and thermal state


The settings of this function are listed in the THERMAL OVERLOAD, GROUP 1 menu
column. Check these settings before the test.
To avoid spurious operation of any other protection elements all protection elements except
the thermal protection should be disabled for the duration of the thermal element tests.
Make a note of which elements need to be re-enabled after testing.
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4.2.1.1 Perform the test


Ensure that the timer on the test set is reset.
Ensure that the thermal state is reset. Check the position of the interrupting device by
viewing the status of the two opto-inputs (52a and 52b status inputs) used to indicate the
device position. The 52a input must be energised to simulate the closed position of the
interrupting device to enable the thermal protection heating time constants. The cooling time
constant is used when the interrupting device is open.
Apply a current of twice the setting to the relay and note the time displayed when the timer
stops. Since most portable secondary injection test sets have limited current output
capability, it is suggested to change the Iteta> setting to 1 In (after the as found value is
recorded) and use the 1 A phase current input terminals. In order to save time during
testing, it is advisable to set all the thermal time constants to 5 minutes.
Ensure that the thermal state is reset to zero. On completion of the tests any protection
elements that were disabled for testing purposes must have their original settings restored in
the CONFIGURATION column.
Assign the thermal overload protective function to the trip output contact (relay RL1) and
assign the tetaALARM protective function to an auxiliary output contact, RL2 for example.
4.2.1.2 Verify the operating time
This test is done by a single-phase injection on the A phase current input, it results in that
the relay sees equal current magnitudes for both positive and negative phase sequence
quantities. Upon injection of a single phase current value equal to Iinject, the relay will see
current magnitudes of Iinject/3 for both positive and negative phase sequences quantities
and Iinject for Irms. The equivalent thermal current value Ieq calculated by the relay will be
given by the following:

I eq = √(Irms2 + Ke I22)
Where:
Irms: root mean square current
I2: negative sequence current
Ke is a constant proportional to the thermal capacity of the motor
(Ke Coefficient default setting = 3)
The equivalent motor heating current assuming Ke = 3 becomes:
Ieq = √ [ 4/3 * (Iinject) 2 ]
= (2 Iinjected/√3)
The equation used to calculate the trip time at 100% of thermal state is:

t = τ ln((k2 – A)/(k2–1))

Where the value of τ (thermal time constant) depends on the current value absorbed by the
motor:

τ = Te 1 (Thermal Const T1) if Iteta < Ieq< = 2*Iteta : overload time constant

τ = Te 2 (Thermal Const T2) if Ieq> 2* Iteta : start-up time constant

τ = Tr (Cooling Const Tr) if interrupting device is opened : cooling time constant


Iteta = thermal setting
k = Ieq/Iteta = measured thermal load (or thermal capacity)
A = initial state of the machine, in percentage of the thermal state = 0 for this test.
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MiCOM P220/P225 Page 9/26

The time to a thermal trip becomes:

t = τ ln(k2/(k2–1))
The equation used to calculate the time to the thermal alarm is:

talarm = τ ln(k2/(k2–teta Alarm/100))


Teta ALARM = (Thermal Alarm) thermal alarm setting in percentage of the thermal state
Since a current of twice the setting Iteta> is applied, consequently one of the following
thermal constants will be used:

• Te 1 (overload time constant) if the interrupting device is closed.

• Tr (cooling time constant) if the interrupting device is opened.


Apply a current of twice the setting to the relay and note the time displayed when the timer
stops. Check that the operating time recorded by the timer is within the range (calculated
trip time ±5% or 40 ms whichever is the greater). Allowance must be made for the accuracy
of the test equipment being used.
Example:
For Iteta> Current Set = 0.5 A and A phase Iinject = 2 A, Te 1 = 5 mins.
k = Ieq/Ith = (2 x 2/√3)/0.5 = 8/√3 A
top = 5 x 60 ln ((8/√3) 2/((8/√3) 2 – 1)) = 14.4 s
For a thermal alarm setting = 90% talarm = 12.96 s
If the injection is done equally on the 3 phases current transformers, the equation used to
evaluate Ieq will be:

Ieq = √(Irms2 + K I22)


And provided the phase currents are balanced, then I2 will be zero.
On completion of the tests any protection elements that were disabled for testing purposes
must have their original settings restored in the CONFIGURATION column.

4.3 Phase overcurrent


Example: I>>, Delay Type DMT
Set the threshold on the trip output.
4.3.1 I>> threshold
Values to be recorded
1. l>> threshold.
2. tl>> time delay.
I>> threshold check:
1. If tI>> time delay is short, gradually increase the injected current up to the value of I>>
threshold.
2. If tI>> time delay is long, inject 0.95 x I threshold and check there is no trip. Then
inject 1.1 x I threshold and check the trip output is close.
3. Gradually decrease the injected current and note the value of the drop out of the I>>
threshold.
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Checks:
1. Display of an alarm message on the front panel LCD.
2. Alarm LED flashes.
3. Trip LED flashes.
4. I>> threshold LED flashes (if programmed).
5. Trip output closes.
6. I>> threshold output closes (if programmed).
tI>> time delay check:
1. Apply a current on one of the phases and measure the time delay tI>> by pre-setting
the current above the I>> threshold (I injected > 2 x I threshold).
2. Apply a current on one of the phases and measure the time delay tI>> by pre-setting
the current above the I>> threshold (I injected > 10 x I threshold).
4.4 Earth overcurrent: Io>, Io>>
Two earth overcurrent thresholds are available in the MiCOM P220/P225 relays. Each
threshold is adjusted independently. Set the various thresholds on the trip output.
4.4.1 Io> threshold
Values to be recorded:
1. Io> threshold.
2. Time delay tIo>.
Io> threshold check:
1. If the time delay tIo> is short, gradually increase the injection current up to the value of
the Io> threshold.
2. If the time delay tIo> is long, inject 0.95 x I threshold and check that there is no
tripping. Then inject 1.1 x I threshold and check the trip.
3. Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out Io>
threshold.
Checks:
1. Alarm message on the LCD display.
2. Alarm LED flashes.
3. Trip LED flashes.
4. Io> threshold LED flashes (if programmed).
5. Trip output closes.
6. Io> threshold output closes (if programmed).
tIo> time delay check:
1. Apply a current on the earth input and measure the time delay tIo> by pre-setting the
current above the Io> threshold (I injected > 2 x I threshold).
2. Apply a current on the earth input and measure the time delay tIo> by pre-setting the
current above the Io> threshold (I injected > 10 x I threshold).
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MiCOM P220/P225 Page 11/26

4.4.2 Io>> threshold


Values to be recorded:
1. lo>> threshold.
2. tlo>> time delay.
Io>> threshold check:
1. If tIo>> time delay is short, gradually increase the injected current up to the value of
Io>> threshold.
2. If tIo>> time delay is long, inject 0.95 x I threshold and check there is no trip. Then
inject 1.1 x I threshold and check the trip output is closed.
3. Gradually decrease the injected current and note the value of the drop out Io>>
threshold.
Checks:
1. Display of an alarm message on the front panel LCD.
2. Alarm LED flashes.
3. Trip LED flashes.
4. Io>> threshold LED flashes (if programmed).
5. Trip output closes.
6. Io>> threshold output closes (if programmed).
tIo>> time delay check:
1. Apply a current on to the earth and measure the time delay tIo>> by pre-setting the
current above the Io>> threshold (I injected > 2 x I threshold).
2. Apply a current on to the earth and measure the time delay tIo>> by pre-setting the
current above the Io>> threshold (I injected > 10 x I threshold).
4.5 Negative phase sequence threshold(46)
Two overcurrent thresholds based on the negative phase sequence component are available
in the MiCOM P220/P225 relays. Each threshold is adjusted independently. The threshold
I2> has a definite time characteristic while the second threshold I2>> is associated with an
inverse time characteristic. Set the various thresholds on the trip output.
Reminder: the MiCOM P220/P225 relay calculates the negative phase sequence component
using the formula:
I2 = 1/3 (Ia + a2 Ib + a Ic)
With a = cos (2/3) + j sin (2/3)
With a single phase injection into phase A as an example results;
I2 = 1/3 Ia
In this case, the negative sequence current measured by the MiCOM P220/P225 is equal to
one third of the injected current.
4.5.1 I2> threshold
Values to be recorded:
1. I2> threshold.
2. Time delay tI2>.
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I2> threshold check:


1. If the time delay tI2> is short, gradually increase the injected current up to the value of
the I2> threshold.
2. If the time delay tIo> is long, inject 0.95 x I threshold and check that there is no
tripping. Then inject 1.1 x I threshold and check the trip.
3. Gradually decrease the injected current and record the value of the drop out I2>
threshold.
Checks:
1. Alarm message on the LCD display.
2. Alarm LED flashes.
3. Trip LED flashes.
4. I2> threshold LED flashes (if programmed).
5. Trip output closes.
6. I2> threshold output closes (if programmed).
tI2> time delay check:
7. Apply a current on to the earth input and measure the time delay tI2> by pre-setting
the current above the I2> threshold (I injected > 2 x I threshold).
8. Apply a current on to the earth input and measure the time delay tI2> by pre-setting
the current above the I2> threshold (I injected > 10 x I threshold).
4.5.2 I2>> threshold
Values to be recorded:
1. I2>> threshold.
2. TMS I2>>.
Note: Time to trip can be calculated by using the following relationship;
t = (TMS I2>>) x [1.2/(I2/In)]
Example;
For TMS I2>> = 1 and I2>> = 0.2 In then t = 6 sec
Repeat steps referred to in section 4.5.1 above.
4.6 Commissioning parameters data base
The various parameters shown below make possible to test functions of MiCOM P220/P225
relays according to the commissioning tests (see section 4). Settings in accordance with the
commissioning tests only are given.
4.6.1 PROTECTION menu

THERMAL OVERLOAD FUNCTION ? NO/YES*


Teta INHIBIT? NO
I Teta> 1 In
Ke 3
Te1 5 mn
Te2 5 mn
Tr 5 mn
RTD1 INFLUENCE? NO
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MiCOM P220/P225 Page 13/26

Teta ALARM? YES


Teta ALARM 90%
Teta FORBID START? NO
I>> FUNCTION? NO/YES*
I>> 1 In
tI>> 20 s
Io> FUNCTION? NO/YES*
Io> 0.1 Ion
tIo> 20 s
Io>> FUNCTION? NO/YES*
Io>> 1 Ion
tIo>> 10 s
I2> FUNCTION? NO/YES*
I2> 0.2 In
tI2> 20 s
I2>> FUNCTION? NO/YES*
TMS I2>> 1
I2>> 0.2 In

* During the commissioning tests, all the protective functions shall be preferably set to off
(NO) excepted the one which is being tested.
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5. MAINTENANCE PERIOD
It is recommended that products supplied by AREVA T&D receive regular monitoring after
installation. As with all products some deterioration with time is inevitable. In view of the
critical nature of protective relays and their infrequent operation, it is desirable to confirm that
they are operating correctly at regular intervals.
MiCOM P220/P225 relays are self-supervising and so require less maintenance than earlier
designs. Most problems will result in an alarm so that remedial action can be taken.
However, some periodic tests should be performed to ensure that the relay is functioning
correctly and that the external wiring is intact.
If a Preventive Maintenance Policy exists within the customer's organisation, the
recommended product checks should be included in the regular programme.
Maintenance periods will depend on many factors, such as:

• The operating environment

• The accessibility of the site

• The amount of available manpower

• The importance of the installation in the power system

• The consequences of failure


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MiCOM P220/P225 Page 15/26

6. MAINTENANCE CHECKS
Although some functionality checks can be performed from a remote location by utilising the
communications ability of the relays, it is recommended that maintenance checks are
performed locally.
6.1 Alarms
The alarm status LED should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions exist. If so,
press the read key c repeatedly to step through the alarms. Clear the alarms to extinguish
the LED(s) provided the original cause no longer exists.
6.2 Logic inputs
The logic inputs (opto-isolators) can be checked to ensure that the relay responds on
energisation.
This test checks that all 6 opto-isolated outputs of the MiCOM P220/P225 are functioning
correctly.
Energise the logic inputs one at a time with voltage V, with the terminal numbers in
accordance with the table below.
The status of each opto-isolated input can be viewed in the "OP.PARAMETERS" menu. "1"
indicates an energised input, "0" indicates a de-energised input.

Supply to Terminals
LOGIC INPUTS OP. PARAMETERS/INPUT Value
+V –V
Input L1 22 24 0 0 0 0 0 1
Input L2 26 28 0 0 0 0 1 0
Input L3 13 15 0 0 0 1 0 0
Input L4 17 19 0 0 1 0 0 0
Input L5 21 23 0 1 0 0 0 0
Input L6 25 27 1 0 0 0 0 0

N.B.: The voltage V to be applied to the logic inputs is defined in Chapter


TD Technical Specifications, paragraph 6.4 "Logic inputs" in this
Technical Guide.
6.3 Output relays
6.3.1 Maintenance mode
The output relays can be individually controlled by setting the MiCOM relay to Maintenance
mode.
The MiCOM relay can be switched to Maintenance mode either:

− By using the MiCOM S1 Studio software, or

− By remote control via the RS485 communication port (refer to Chapter CT


Communication in this Technical Guide)
While the MiCOM relay is in Maintenance mode:

− All protective functions are disabled

− All automation functions are disabled

− All output relays are off (including the watchdog relay)

− The ALARM LED flashes

− The MAINTENANCE MODE alarm appears


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− Communication via RS232 and/or RS485 ports is once more available


When the MiCOM relay is in Maintenance mode:

− A remote control signal is used to energise the required output relays

− Another remote control signal must be sent to de-energise the output relays
Once the output relay tests are completed, reset the MiCOM relays to normal operation
mode

− By using the MiCOM S1 software, or

− Via the RS485 communication port


6.3.2 Testing the output relays
Connect a continuity tester across the terminals of each output contact to check the correct
contact position (open/closed circuit) as in the table below:
The state of each output relay (1: energised/0: standby) is given in the "OP. PARAMETERS"
menu.

OUTPUT Output Relay on Standby Output Relay Energised


RELAY Normally Closed Normally Open Circuit Open Circuit Closed
WD (watchdog) 36 - 35 36 - 37 36 - 37 36 - 35
RL1 2-4 2-6 2-4 2-6
RL2 8 - 10 8 - 12 8 - 10 8 - 12
RL3 14 - 16 14 - 18 14 - 16 14 - 18
RL4 1-3 1-5 1-3 1-5
RL5 7-9 7 - 11 7-9 7 - 11
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7. EXCHANGING THE RELAY


The case and the rear terminal blocks have been designed to facilitate removal of the relay
without having to disconnect the scheme wiring.
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE USER
SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE "HANDLING
AND SAFETY" SECTION.
The method is to replace the withdrawable part, but it may be necessary to replace the
complete relay (with the case):.
7.1 Remove the withdrawable part
To remove the withdrawable part, lift the upper flap on the front panel to reveal a slot in the
centre towards the top. Using a screwdriver (approx. 3 mm cross-section) insert it in the
hole in the middle of the slot then move the screwdriver from right to left. This moves a cam
which has the effect of moving the withdrawable part of the MiCOM relay a few centimetres.
Lift the lower flap on the front panel. Proceed as above. The withdrawable part can now be
easily removed from the case.

Upper flap

Lower flap
P0432ENa

Before replacing the withdrawable part in the case, reset the 2 opposing cams.
N. B.: - MiCOM P220/P225 relays have integral current transformer
shorting switches which will close when the withdrawable part is
removed.
- In case of fuse-contactor controlled by a voltage loss coil, do not
remove the withdrawable part if the contactor is closed. In fact,
removing the withdrawable part will break the power circuit for the
voltage loss coil, causing the opening of the contactor.
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7.2 Exchanging the relay and the case


BEFORE WORKING AT THE REAR OF THE RELAY, ISOLATE ALL
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT SUPPLIES TO THE RELAY.
DISCONNECT THE RELAY EARTH CONNECTION FROM THE REAR OF
THE CASE.
NOTE: The use of a magnetic-bladed screwdriver is recommended to
minimise the risk of the screws being left in the terminal block or lost.
WITHDRAW THE RELAY FROM THE PANEL, RACK, ETC. CAREFULLY
AS IT WILL BE HEAVY OWING TO THE INTERNAL TRANSFORMERS.
TO REINSTALL THE REPAIRED OR REPLACEMENT RELAY, FOLLOW
THE ABOVE INSTRUCTIONS IN REVERSE, ENSURING THAT EACH
TERMINAL BLOCK IS RELOCATED IN THE CORRECT POSITION AND
THE CASE EARTH IS REPLACED.
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MiCOM P220/P225 Page 19/26

8. EQUIPMENT FAILURE
8.1 Types of equipment failure
HARDWARE ALARMS
As soon as an internal fault (i.e. an equipment failure) is detected in the MiCOM relay:
An alarm is displayed as a priority on the front panel display.
The "Warning" fault LED is illuminated:

− Constant (major failure)

− Flashing (minor failure)


8.2 The equipment failure relay (WD) is closed (only for major faults)
Equipment failures can be divided into 2 types, minor and major.
An equipment failure (minor or major) cannot be acknowledged on the front panel using the
keypad. Only the disappearance of the cause will acknowledge the fault and the associated
alarm.
8.3 Minor faults
The following hardware alarms are considered minor faults:

− COMM. ERROR

− CLOCK ERROR

− RAM ERROR

− ANALOG OUTPUT ERROR

− RTD/Therm ERROR
The protective relay continues to function in the event of a minor equipment failure.
8.3.1 Major faults
The following hardware alarms are considered major faults:

− EEPROM ERROR DATA

− EEPROM ERROR CALIBR.

− CT/VT ERROR
The protective relay ceases to function in the event of a major equipment failure, the
protective and automation components are disabled and all output relays are de-energised:
the equipment failure relay (WD) is off, as are all other output relays if already energised -
even if programmed "latched".
8.4 Equipment failures and solutions
8.4.1 COMM. ERROR
Communication module failure via RS485 port. This can be a hardware or software failure.
Action:

− If communication is not being used, declare communication OFF in the


COMMUNICATION menu

− If communication is being used, remove the withdrawable part and return it to the
factory for repair
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8.4.2 CLOCK ERROR


This alarm appears if there are problems accessing the clock or there is an inconsistency in
the date being read.
Action:
If the alarm persists, remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for repair.
8.4.3 RAM ERROR
This alarm appears if the result of the checksum calculation in safeguarded RAM is incorrect.
The data in RAM will be considered inconsistent and will be lost.
This alarm may appear after downloading a new firmware version, after loss of the auxiliary
power supply while the relay was writing to safeguarded RAM or if there is a RAM hardware
fault.
Action:
Press button C on the relay front panel to clear the alarm.
If the alarm persists, de-energise then re-energise the relay.
If the alarm still persists, remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for repair.
8.4.4 RTD/Therm ERROR
This alarm appears if:

− The impedance measured at the relay detector input terminals is outside a certain
range. This may be due to short-wiring or an open circuit or a disconnected RTD

− The RTD monitoring board is faulty or wrongly fitted


Action:
Check that the RTD's declared in the RTD sub-menu [49/38] or THERMISTOR sub-menu
[49] are correctly wired to the MiCOM relay.
Check the connection wiring for each RTD (short-wiring, open circuit).
After removing the withdrawable part, check that the RTD board is correctly connected to the
rest of the relay.
If the alarm persists, remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for repair.
8.4.5 EEPROM ERROR DATA
Hardware failure
Action:
Remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for repair.
8.4.6 EEPROM ERROR CALIBR
Hardware failure
Action:
Remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for repair.
8.4.7 CT/VT ERROR
Hardware failure
Action:
Remove the withdrawable part and return it to the factory for repair.
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9. PROBLEM SOLVING
9.1 Password lost or not accepted
Problem:
Password lost or not accepted
Cause:
MiCOM P220/P225 relays are supplied with the password set to: AAAA
This password can be changed by the user (refer to the OP. PARAMETERS menu).
Action:
There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which can be
supplied by the factory or service agent if provided with details of the model and serial
number (under the upper flap on the front panel). Contact your AREVA local dealer or the
AREVA T&D contact centre with the serial number.
9.1.1 Communication
9.1.1.1 Values measured locally and remotely
Problem:
Values measured locally and remotely (via RS485 communication) differ.
Cause:
The values accessible on the front panel via the MEASUREMENT menus are refreshed
every second. Those fed back via communication and accessible via the AREVA T&D
setting software generally have settable refresh frequencies. If the refresh frequency of the
supervision software differs from that of the MiCOM relay (1s), there may be a difference
between the indicated values.
Action:
Adjust the refresh frequency for the measurements of the supervision software or the
support software to 1 second.
9.1.1.2 MiCOM relay no longer responds
Problem:
No response from the MiCOM relay following a request by the supervision software: no
communication fault message.
Cause:
Normally this type of problem is linked to a configuration error in the MiCOM relay
communication parameters.
Action:
Check that the MiCOM relay communication parameters (data rate, parity, etc.) are in
accordance with the supervision software.
Check the MiCOM relay network address.
Check that this address is not used by another device connected on the same LAN.
Check that the other devices on the same LAN respond to supervision requests.
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9.1.1.3 A remote control signal is not taken into account


Problem:
Communication between the relay and the PC is OK but the MiCOM relay will not accept
remote control signals nor setting file downloads.
Cause:
Normally this type of problem is because the MiCOM relay is in programming mode, i.e. the
user has entered the password.
Action:
Wait for deactivation of the password. Deactivation occurs 5 minutes after the keypad is last
used.
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MiCOM P220/P225 Page 23/26

10. LIST OF THE RELAY ALARM MESSAGES

HARDW ALARMS Heading of the HARDW ALARMS messages, default display in


case of either relay error alarm or RTDs/thermistor failure. To
display the alarms messages, press the key.
COMM. ERROR Communication error (communication suing the rear RS485
port).
(Minor failure)
EEPROM ERROR EEPROM memory error.
DATA (Major failure)
EEPROM ERROR EEPROM calibration error.
CALIBR. (Major failure)
CT/VT ERROR Analogue signal acquisition error.
(Major failure)
CLOCK ERROR Internal clock error.
(Minor failure)
RAM ERROR RAM memory error.
(Minor failure)
ANALOG OUTPUT Analogue output error.
ERROR (Minor failure)
RTD/Therm RTD or thermistor in failure (short-wiring or open circuit).
ERROR (Minor failure)
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11. LIST OF THE MOTOR ALARM MESSAGES

MOTOR ALARMS Heading of the MOTOR ALARMS messages, default display in


case of motor alarm. To display the alarms messages, press
the c key.
TH OVERLOAD Operation of the «thermal overload» function.

θ ALARM «Thermal alarm» element active: θALARM (self-resettable).

θ FORBIDDEN «Block start based on thermal criterion» active (self resettable).


START

tI> Operation of the “phase OC” function: time delayed element tI>.
PHASE … Display of the faulty phase.
t I >> Operation of the “phase OC” function: time delayed element
PHASE … tI>>.
Display of the faulty phase.
t I >>> Operation of the “phase OC” function: time delayed element
PHASE … tI>>>.
Display of the faulty phase.
t I0> Operation of the “earth fault” function: time delayed element t
Io>

t I0>> Operation of the “earth fault” function: time delayed element t


Io>>

t I2> Operation of the “unbalance” function: time delayed element


tI2>

t I2>> Operation of the “unbalance” function: time delayed element


tI2>>

LONG START Operation of the “excessive start time” function: time delayed
t Istart element tIstart

MECHAN JAM Operation of the “stalled rotor while running” function: time
t Istall delayed element tIstall

LOCKED Operation of the “locked rotor at start” function.


ROTOR

t I< Operation of the “loss of load” function: time delayed element t


PHASE … I<
Display the faulty phase.
t RTD1 ALARM Operation of the RTD1 temperature alarm element: time
delayed element tRTD1 ALARM (self-resettable)

t RTD1 TRIP Operation of the RTD1 temperature trip element: time delayed
element tRTD1 TRIP, and so on for RTD2, RTD3, RTD4, RTD5,
RTD6, RTD7, RTD8, RTD9 and RTD10.
Thermist 1 Operation of the Thermist1 temperature element …and so on
for Thermist 2 and Thermist 3.

START NB Block start based on the “limitation of starts number” function


LIMIT active (self resettable)

T between Block start based on the “minimum time between 2 starts”


2 start function active. (self-resettable).
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MiCOM P220/P225 Page 25/26

RE-ACCELER Authorised motor reacceleration sequence in progress


AUTHOR (self-resettable)

AUTO RE-START Auto Re-start sequence in progress (self-resettable) (P225


only)

START IN PROGRESS Auto Re-start load restoration sequence in progress


(self-resettable) (P225 only)

START FAILED Auto Re-start sequence progress failed (self-resettable) (P225


only)

EXT 1 Operation of the auxiliary timer EXT 1.

EXT 2 Operation of the auxiliary timer EXT 2.

EQUATION A And logic equation A active


…and so on for the AND logic equations B, C and D
CB OPENING Circuit breaker opening time has reached (or it has exceeded)
TIME the “CB OPENING TIME” threshold.

CB OPERATION Circuit breaker operation number has reached (or it has


NB exceeded) the “CB OPERATION NB” threshold.

SAn The sum of amperesn has reached (or it has exceeded) the
“SAn” threshold.

t V< Undervoltage default: tV< time delayed threshold. (P225 only)

VOLTAGE DIP Load shedding further to a voltage dip. (P225 only)

t V> Overvoltage default: tV> time delayed threshold. (P225 only)

BUS VOLTAGE Busbar voltage too low to enable a start. (P225 only)
(self resettable alarm).

ANTI BACK Block start due to Anti backspin function: minimum time
SPIN between a motor stoppage and a re-start
(self resettable alarm).
CB FAIL. Circuit breaker failure.

TRIP CIRC. Open trip circuit wiring.


FAIL

LATCH AUX OUTPUT One or several output relays are latched energised.
RLY

CLEAR ALL ALARMS. To clear all the alarms, press the  key.
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