Learning

Machine learning is a growing technology which enables computers to learn

automatically from past data. Machine learning uses various algorithms for building
mathematical models and making predictions using historical data or
information. Currently, it is being used for various tasks such as image
recognition, speech recognition, email filtering, Facebook auto-
tagging, recommender system, and many more.

This machine learning tutorial gives you an introduction to machine learning along
with the wide range of machine learning techniques such
as Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement learning. You will learn about
regression and classification models, clustering methods, hidden Markov models,
and various sequential models.

What is Machine Learning

In the real world, we are surrounded by humans who can learn everything from their
experiences with their learning capability, and we have computers or machines which
work on our instructions. But can a machine also learn from experiences or past data
like a human does? So here comes the role of Machine Learning.
Machine Learning is said as a subset of artificial intelligence that is mainly
concerned with the development of algorithms which allow a computer to learn from
the data and past experiences on their own. The term machine learning was first
introduced by Arthur Samuel in 1959. We can define it in a summarized way as:

Machine learning enables a machine to automatically learn from data, improve

performance from experiences, and predict things without being explicitly
programmed.

With the help of sample historical data, which is known as training data, machine
learning algorithms build a mathematical model that helps in making predictions or
decisions without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning brings computer
science and statistics together for creating predictive models. Machine learning
constructs or uses the algorithms that learn from historical data. The more we will
provide the information, the higher will be the performance.

A machine has the ability to learn if it can improve its performance by gaining
more data.

How does Machine Learning work

A Machine Learning system learns from historical data, builds the prediction
models, and whenever it receives new data, predicts the output for it. The
accuracy of predicted output depends upon the amount of data, as the huge amount
of data helps to build a better model which predicts the output more accurately.

Suppose we have a complex problem, where we need to perform some predictions,

so instead of writing a code for it, we just need to feed the data to generic
algorithms, and with the help of these algorithms, machine builds the logic as per the
data and predict the output. Machine learning has changed our way of thinking
about the problem. The below block diagram explains the working of Machine
Learning algorithm:

Features of Machine Learning:

 o Machine learning uses data to detect various patterns in a given dataset.
o It can learn from past data and improve automatically.
o It is a data-driven technology.
o Machine learning is much similar to data mining as it also deals with the huge
amount of the data.

Need for Machine Learning

The need for machine learning is increasing day by day. The reason behind the need
for machine learning is that it is capable of doing tasks that are too complex for a
person to implement directly. As a human, we have some limitations as we cannot
access the huge amount of data manually, so for this, we need some computer
systems and here comes the machine learning to make things easy for us.

We can train machine learning algorithms by providing them the huge amount of
data and let them explore the data, construct the models, and predict the required
output automatically. The performance of the machine learning algorithm depends
on the amount of data, and it can be determined by the cost function. With the help
of machine learning, we can save both time and money.

The importance of machine learning can be easily understood by its uses cases,
Currently, machine learning is used in self-driving cars, cyber fraud detection, face
recognition, and friend suggestion by Facebook, etc. Various top companies such
as Netflix and Amazon have build machine learning models that are using a vast
amount of data to analyze the user interest and recommend product accordingly.

Following are some key points which show the importance of Machine
Learning:

o Rapid increment in the production of data

o Solving complex problems, which are difficult for a human
o Decision making in various sector including finance
o Finding hidden patterns and extracting useful information from data.

Classification of Machine Learning

At a broad level, machine learning can be classified into three types:

1. Supervised learning
2. Unsupervised learning
 3. Reinforcement learning

1) Supervised Learning
Supervised learning is a type of machine learning method in which we provide
sample labeled data to the machine learning system in order to train it, and on that
basis, it predicts the output.

The system creates a model using labeled data to understand the datasets and learn
about each data, once the training and processing are done then we test the model
by providing a sample data to check whether it is predicting the exact output or not.

The goal of supervised learning is to map input data with the output data. The
supervised learning is based on supervision, and it is the same as when a student
learns things in the supervision of the teacher. The example of supervised learning
is spam filtering.

Supervised learning can be grouped further in two categories of algorithms:

o Classification
o Regression

2) Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning is a learning method in which a machine learns without any
supervision.
The training is provided to the machine with the set of data that has not been
labeled, classified, or categorized, and the algorithm needs to act on that data
without any supervision. The goal of unsupervised learning is to restructure the input
data into new features or a group of objects with similar patterns.

In unsupervised learning, we don't have a predetermined result. The machine tries to

find useful insights from the huge amount of data. It can be further classifieds into
two categories of algorithms:

o Clustering
o Association

3) Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning is a feedback-based learning method, in which a learning
agent gets a reward for each right action and gets a penalty for each wrong action.
The agent learns automatically with these feedbacks and improves its performance.
In reinforcement learning, the agent interacts with the environment and explores it.
The goal of an agent is to get the most reward points, and hence, it improves its
performance.

The robotic dog, which automatically learns the movement of his arms, is an example
of Reinforcement learning.

Applications of Machine learning

Machine learning is a buzzword for today's technology, and it is growing very rapidly day by
day. We are using machine learning in our daily life even without knowing it such as Google
Maps, Google assistant, Alexa, etc. Below are some most trending real-world applications of
Machine Learning:
1. Image Recognition:
Image recognition is one of the most common applications of machine learning. It is used to
identify objects, persons, places, digital images, etc. The popular use case of image
recognition and face detection is, Automatic friend tagging suggestion:

Facebook provides us a feature of auto friend tagging suggestion. Whenever we upload a

photo with our Facebook friends, then we automatically get a tagging suggestion with name,
and the technology behind this is machine learning's face detection and recognition
algorithm.

It is based on the Facebook project named "Deep Face," which is responsible for face
recognition and person identification in the picture.

2. Speech Recognition
While using Google, we get an option of "Search by voice," it comes under speech
recognition, and it's a popular application of machine learning.

Speech recognition is a process of converting voice instructions into text, and it is

also known as "Speech to text", or "Computer speech recognition." At present,
machine learning algorithms are widely used by various applications of speech
recognition. Google assistant, Siri, Cortana, and Alexa are using speech recognition
technology to follow the voice instructions.

3. Traffic prediction:
If we want to visit a new place, we take help of Google Maps, which shows us the
correct path with the shortest route and predicts the traffic conditions.

It predicts the traffic conditions such as whether traffic is cleared, slow-moving, or

heavily congested with the help of two ways:

o Real Time location of the vehicle form Google Map app and sensors
o Average time has taken on past days at the same time.

Everyone who is using Google Map is helping this app to make it better. It takes
information from the user and sends back to its database to improve the
performance.

4. Product recommendations:
Machine learning is widely used by various e-commerce and entertainment
companies such as Amazon, Netflix, etc., for product recommendation to the user.
Whenever we search for some product on Amazon, then we started getting an
advertisement for the same product while internet surfing on the same browser and
this is because of machine learning.

Google understands the user interest using various machine learning algorithms and
suggests the product as per customer interest.

As similar, when we use Netflix, we find some recommendations for entertainment

series, movies, etc., and this is also done with the help of machine learning.

5. Self-driving cars:
One of the most exciting applications of machine learning is self-driving cars.
Machine learning plays a significant role in self-driving cars. Tesla, the most popular
car manufacturing company is working on self-driving car. It is using unsupervised
learning method to train the car models to detect people and objects while driving.
6. Email Spam and Malware Filtering:
Whenever we receive a new email, it is filtered automatically as important, normal,
and spam. We always receive an important mail in our inbox with the important
symbol and spam emails in our spam box, and the technology behind this is Machine
learning. Below are some spam filters used by Gmail:

o Content Filter
o Header filter
o General blacklists filter
o Rules-based filters
o Permission filters

Some machine learning algorithms such as Multi-Layer Perceptron, Decision tree,

and Naïve Bayes classifier are used for email spam filtering and malware detection.

7. Virtual Personal Assistant:

We have various virtual personal assistants such as Google
assistant, Alexa, Cortana, Siri. As the name suggests, they help us in finding the
information using our voice instruction. These assistants can help us in various ways
just by our voice instructions such as Play music, call someone, Open an email,
Scheduling an appointment, etc.

These virtual assistants use machine learning algorithms as an important part.

These assistant record our voice instructions, send it over the server on a cloud, and
decode it using ML algorithms and act accordingly.

8. Online Fraud Detection:

Machine learning is making our online transaction safe and secure by detecting fraud
transaction. Whenever we perform some online transaction, there may be various
ways that a fraudulent transaction can take place such as fake accounts, fake ids,
and steal money in the middle of a transaction. So to detect this, Feed Forward
Neural network helps us by checking whether it is a genuine transaction or a fraud
transaction.

For each genuine transaction, the output is converted into some hash values, and
these values become the input for the next round. For each genuine transaction,
there is a specific pattern which gets change for the fraud transaction hence, it
detects it and makes our online transactions more secure.
9. Stock Market trading:
Machine learning is widely used in stock market trading. In the stock market, there is
always a risk of up and downs in shares, so for this machine learning's long short
term memory neural network is used for the prediction of stock market trends.

10. Medical Diagnosis:

In medical science, machine learning is used for diseases diagnoses. With this,
medical technology is growing very fast and able to build 3D models that can predict
the exact position of lesions in the brain.

It helps in finding brain tumors and other brain-related diseases easily.

11. Automatic Language Translation:

Nowadays, if we visit a new place and we are not aware of the language then it is not
a problem at all, as for this also machine learning helps us by converting the text into
our known languages. Google's GNMT (Google Neural Machine Translation) provide
this feature, which is a Neural Machine Learning that translates the text into our
familiar language, and it called as automatic translation.

The technology behind the automatic translation is a sequence to sequence learning

algorithm, which is used with image recognition and translates the text from one
language to another language.

Machine learning Life cycle

Machine learning has given the computer systems the abilities to automatically learn
without being explicitly programmed. But how does a machine learning system
work? So, it can be described using the life cycle of machine learning. Machine
learning life cycle is a cyclic process to build an efficient machine learning project.
The main purpose of the life cycle is to find a solution to the problem or project.

Machine learning life cycle involves seven major steps, which are given below:

o Gathering Data
o Data preparation
o Data Wrangling
o Analyse Data
 o Train the model
o Test the model
o Deployment

The most important thing in the complete process is to understand the problem and
to know the purpose of the problem. Therefore, before starting the life cycle, we
need to understand the problem because the good result depends on the better
understanding of the problem.

In the complete life cycle process, to solve a problem, we create a machine learning
system called "model", and this model is created by providing "training". But to train
a model, we need data, hence, life cycle starts by collecting data.

. Gathering Data:
Data Gathering is the first step of the machine learning life cycle. The goal of this
step is to identify and obtain all data-related problems.

In this step, we need to identify the different data sources, as data can be collected
from various sources such as files, database, internet, or mobile devices. It is one
of the most important steps of the life cycle. The quantity and quality of the collected
data will determine the efficiency of the output. The more will be the data, the more
accurate will be the prediction.
This step includes the below tasks:

o Identify various data sources

o Collect data
o Integrate the data obtained from different sources

By performing the above task, we get a coherent set of data, also called as a dataset.
It will be used in further steps.

2. Data preparation
After collecting the data, we need to prepare it for further steps. Data preparation is
a step where we put our data into a suitable place and prepare it to use in our
machine learning training.

In this step, first, we put all data together, and then randomize the ordering of data.

This step can be further divided into two processes:

o Data exploration:
It is used to understand the nature of data that we have to work with. We
need to understand the characteristics, format, and quality of data.
A better understanding of data leads to an effective outcome. In this, we find
Correlations, general trends, and outliers.
o Data pre-processing:
Now the next step is preprocessing of data for its analysis.

3. Data Wrangling
Data wrangling is the process of cleaning and converting raw data into a useable
format. It is the process of cleaning the data, selecting the variable to use, and
transforming the data in a proper format to make it more suitable for analysis in the
next step. It is one of the most important steps of the complete process. Cleaning of
data is required to address the quality issues.

It is not necessary that data we have collected is always of our use as some of the
data may not be useful. In real-world applications, collected data may have various
issues, including:
 o Missing Values
o Duplicate data
o Invalid data
o Noise

So, we use various filtering techniques to clean the data.

It is mandatory to detect and remove the above issues because it can negatively
affect the quality of the outcome.

4. Data Analysis
Now the cleaned and prepared data is passed on to the analysis step. This step
involves:

o Selection of analytical techniques

o Building models
o Review the result

The aim of this step is to build a machine learning model to analyze the data using
various analytical techniques and review the outcome. It starts with the
determination of the type of the problems, where we select the machine learning
techniques such as Classification, Regression, Cluster analysis, Association, etc.
then build the model using prepared data, and evaluate the model.

5. Train Model
Now the next step is to train the model, in this step we train our model to improve its
performance for better outcome of the problem.

We use datasets to train the model using various machine learning algorithms.
Training a model is required so that it can understand the various patterns, rules,
and, features.

6. Test Model
Once our machine learning model has been trained on a given dataset, then we test
the model. In this step, we check for the accuracy of our model by providing a test
dataset to it.
Testing the model determines the percentage accuracy of the model as per the
requirement of project or problem.

7. Deployment
The last step of machine learning life cycle is deployment, where we deploy the
model in the real-world system.

If the above-prepared model is producing an accurate result as per our requirement

with acceptable speed, then we deploy the model in the real system. But before
deploying the project, we will check whether it is improving its performance using
available data or not. The deployment phase is similar to making the final report for a
project.

Artificial Neural Network Tutorial

Artificial Neural Network Tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of ANNs.
Our Artificial Neural Network tutorial is developed for beginners as well as
professions.

The term "Artificial neural network" refers to a biologically inspired sub-field of

artificial intelligence modeled after the brain. An Artificial neural network is usually a
computational network based on biological neural networks that construct the
structure of the human brain. Similar to a human brain has neurons interconnected
to each other, artificial neural networks also have neurons that are linked to each
other in various layers of the networks. These neurons are known as nodes.
Artificial neural network tutorial covers all the aspects related to the artificial neural
network. In this tutorial, we will discuss ANNs, Adaptive resonance theory, Kohonen
self-organizing map, Building blocks, unsupervised learning, Genetic algorithm, etc.

What is Artificial Neural Network?

The term "Artificial Neural Network" is derived from Biological neural networks
that develop the structure of a human brain. Similar to the human brain that has
neurons interconnected to one another, artificial neural networks also have neurons
that are interconnected to one another in various layers of the networks. These
neurons are known as nodes.

The given figure illustrates the typical diagram of Biological Neural Network.

The typical Artificial Neural Network looks something like the given figure.
Dendrites from Biological Neural Network represent inputs in Artificial Neural
Networks, cell nucleus represents Nodes, synapse represents Weights, and Axon
represents Output.

Relationship between Biological neural network and artificial neural network:

Biological Neural Network Artificial Neural Network

Dendrites Inputs

Cell nucleus Nodes

Synapse Weights

Axon Output

An Artificial Neural Network in the field of Artificial intelligence where it attempts

to mimic the network of neurons makes up a human brain so that computers will
have an option to understand things and make decisions in a human-like manner.
The artificial neural network is designed by programming computers to behave
simply like interconnected brain cells.

There are around 1000 billion neurons in the human brain. Each neuron has an
association point somewhere in the range of 1,000 and 100,000. In the human brain,
data is stored in such a manner as to be distributed, and we can extract more than
one piece of this data when necessary from our memory parallelly. We can say that
the human brain is made up of incredibly amazing parallel processors.

We can understand the artificial neural network with an example, consider an

example of a digital logic gate that takes an input and gives an output. "OR" gate,
which takes two inputs. If one or both the inputs are "On," then we get "On" in
output. If both the inputs are "Off," then we get "Off" in output. Here the output
depends upon input. Our brain does not perform the same task. The outputs to
inputs relationship keep changing because of the neurons in our brain, which are
"learning."

The architecture of an artificial neural

network:
To understand the concept of the architecture of an artificial neural network, we have
to understand what a neural network consists of. In order to define a neural network
that consists of a large number of artificial neurons, which are termed units arranged
in a sequence of layers. Lets us look at various types of layers available in an artificial
neural network.

Artificial Neural Network primarily consists of three layers:

Input Layer:

As the name suggests, it accepts inputs in several different formats provided by the
programmer.

Hidden Layer:

The hidden layer presents in-between input and output layers. It performs all the
calculations to find hidden features and patterns.

Output Layer:

The input goes through a series of transformations using the hidden layer, which
finally results in output that is conveyed using this layer.

The artificial neural network takes input and computes the weighted sum of the
inputs and includes a bias. This computation is represented in the form of a transfer
function.

Advantages of Artificial Neural Network

(ANN)
Parallel processing capability:

Artificial neural networks have a numerical value that can perform more than one
task simultaneously.

Storing data on the entire network:

Data that is used in traditional programming is stored on the whole network, not on
a database. The disappearance of a couple of pieces of data in one place doesn't
prevent the network from working.

Capability to work with incomplete knowledge:

After ANN training, the information may produce output even with inadequate data.
The loss of performance here relies upon the significance of missing data.

Having a memory distribution:

For ANN is to be able to adapt, it is important to determine the examples and to

encourage the network according to the desired output by demonstrating these
examples to the network. The succession of the network is directly proportional to
the chosen instances, and if the event can't appear to the network in all its aspects, it
can produce false output.

ow do artificial neural networks work?

Artificial Neural Network can be best represented as a weighted directed graph,
where the artificial neurons form the nodes. The association between the neurons
outputs and neuron inputs can be viewed as the directed edges with weights. The
Artificial Neural Network receives the input signal from the external source in the
form of a pattern and image in the form of a vector. These inputs are then
mathematically assigned by the notations x(n) for every n number of inputs.
Types of Artificial Neural Network:
There are various types of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) depending upon the
human brain neuron and network functions, an artificial neural network similarly
performs tasks. The majority of the artificial neural networks will have some
similarities with a more complex biological partner and are very effective at their
expected tasks. For example, segmentation or classification.

Feedback ANN:
In this type of ANN, the output returns into the network to accomplish the best-
evolved results internally. As per the University of Massachusetts, Lowell Centre for
Atmospheric Research. The feedback networks feed information back into itself and
are well suited to solve optimization issues. The Internal system error corrections
utilize feedback ANNs.

Feed-Forward ANN:
A feed-forward network is a basic neural network comprising of an input layer, an output
layer, and at least one layer of a neuron. Through assessment of its output by reviewing its
input, the intensity of the network can be noticed based on group behavior of the associated
neurons, and the output is decided. The primary advantage of this network is that it figures
out how to evaluate and recognize input patterns.

Deep learning is based on the branch of machine learning, which is a subset of

artificial intelligence. Since neural networks imitate the human brain and so deep
learning will do. In deep learning, nothing is programmed explicitly. Basically, it is a
machine learning class that makes use of numerous nonlinear processing units so as
to perform feature extraction as well as transformation. The output from each
preceding layer is taken as input by each one of the successive layers.

Deep learning models are capable enough to focus on the accurate features
themselves by requiring a little guidance from the programmer and are very helpful
in solving out the problem of dimensionality. Deep learning algorithms are used,
especially when we have a huge no of inputs and outputs.

Since deep learning has been evolved by the machine learning, which itself is a
subset of artificial intelligence and as the idea behind the artificial intelligence is to
mimic the human behavior, so same is "the idea of deep learning to build such
algorithm that can mimic the brain".

Deep learning is implemented with the help of Neural Networks, and the idea behind
the motivation of Neural Network is the biological neurons, which is nothing but a
brain cell.

Example of Deep Learning

In the example given above, we provide the raw data of images to the first layer of
the input layer. After then, these input layer will determine the patterns of local
contrast that means it will differentiate on the basis of colors, luminosity, etc. Then
the 1st hidden layer will determine the face feature, i.e., it will fixate on eyes, nose,
and lips, etc. And then, it will fixate those face features on the correct face template.
So, in the 2nd hidden layer, it will actually determine the correct face here as it can be
seen in the above image, after which it will be sent to the output layer. Likewise,
more hidden layers can be added to solve more complex problems, for example, if
you want to find out a particular kind of face having large or light complexions. So,
as and when the hidden layers increase, we are able to solve complex problems.

Architectures
o Deep Neural Networks
It is a neural network that incorporates the complexity of a certain level, which
means several numbers of hidden layers are encompassed in between the
input and output layers. They are highly proficient on model and process non-
linear associations.
o Deep Belief Networks
A deep belief network is a class of Deep Neural Network that comprises of
multi-layer belief networks.
Steps to perform DBN:
1. With the help of the Contrastive Divergence algorithm, a layer of
features is learned from perceptible units.
2. Next, the formerly trained features are treated as visible units, which
perform learning of features.
3. Lastly, when the learning of the final hidden layer is accomplished, then
the whole DBN is trained.
o Recurrent Neural Networks
It permits parallel as well as sequential computation, and it is exactly similar to
that of the human brain (large feedback network of connected neurons). Since
they are capable enough to reminisce all of the imperative things related to
the input they have received, so they are more precise.

Types of Deep Learning Networks

1. Feed Forward Neural Network
A feed-forward neural network is none other than an Artificial Neural Network, which
ensures that the nodes do not form a cycle. In this kind of neural network, all the
perceptrons are organized within layers, such that the input layer takes the input, and
the output layer generates the output. Since the hidden layers do not link with the
outside world, it is named as hidden layers. Each of the perceptrons contained in one
single layer is associated with each node in the subsequent layer. It can be concluded
that all of the nodes are fully connected. It does not contain any visible or invisible
connection between the nodes in the same layer. There are no back-loops in the
feed-forward network. To minimize the prediction error, the backpropagation
algorithm can be used to update the weight values.

Applications:

o Data Compression
o Pattern Recognition
o Computer Vision
o Sonar Target Recognition
o Speech Recognition
o Handwritten Characters Recognition

2. Recurrent Neural Network

Recurrent neural networks are yet another variation of feed-forward networks. Here
each of the neurons present in the hidden layers receives an input with a specific
delay in time. The Recurrent neural network mainly accesses the preceding info of
existing iterations. For example, to guess the succeeding word in any sentence, one
must have knowledge about the words that were previously used. It not only
processes the inputs but also shares the length as well as weights crossways time. It
does not let the size of the model to increase with the increase in the input size.
However, the only problem with this recurrent neural network is that it has slow
computational speed as well as it does not contemplate any future input for the
current state. It has a problem with reminiscing prior information.

Applications:

o Machine Translation
o Robot Control
o Time Series Prediction
o Speech Recognition
o Speech Synthesis
o Time Series Anomaly Detection
o Rhythm Learning
o Music Composition
3. Convolutional Neural Network
Convolutional Neural Networks are a special kind of neural network mainly used for
image classification, clustering of images and object recognition. DNNs enable
unsupervised construction of hierarchical image representations. To achieve the best
accuracy, deep convolutional neural networks are preferred more than any other
neural network.

Applications:

o Identify Faces, Street Signs, Tumors.

o Image Recognition.
o Video Analysis.
o NLP.
o Anomaly Detection.
o Drug Discovery.
o Checkers Game.
o Time Series Forecasting.

4. Restricted Boltzmann Machine

RBMs are yet another variant of Boltzmann Machines. Here the neurons present in
the input layer and the hidden layer encompasses symmetric connections amid them.
However, there is no internal association within the respective layer. But in contrast
to RBM, Boltzmann machines do encompass internal connections inside the hidden
layer. These restrictions in BMs helps the model to train efficiently.

Applications:

o Filtering.
o Feature Learning.
o Classification.
o Risk Detection.
o Business and Economic analysis.

5. Autoencoders
An autoencoder neural network is another kind of unsupervised machine learning
algorithm. Here the number of hidden cells is merely small than that of the input
cells. But the number of input cells is equivalent to the number of output cells. An
autoencoder network is trained to display the output similar to the fed input to force
AEs to find common patterns and generalize the data. The autoencoders are mainly
used for the smaller representation of the input. It helps in the reconstruction of the
original data from compressed data. This algorithm is comparatively simple as it only
necessitates the output identical to the input.

o Encoder: Convert input data in lower dimensions.

o Decoder: Reconstruct the compressed data.

Applications:

o Classification.
o Clustering.
o Feature Compression.

Deep learning applications

o Self-Driving Cars
In self-driven cars, it is able to capture the images around it by processing a huge
amount of data, and then it will decide which actions should be incorporated to take
a left or right or should it stop. So, accordingly, it will decide what actions it should
take, which will further reduce the accidents that happen every year.
o Voice Controlled Assistance
When we talk about voice control assistance, then Siri is the one thing that comes
into our mind. So, you can tell Siri whatever you want it to do it for you, and it will
search it for you and display it for you.
o Automatic Image Caption Generation
Whatever image that you upload, the algorithm will work in such a way that it will
generate caption accordingly. If you say blue colored eye, it will display a blue-
colored eye with a caption at the bottom of the image.
o Automatic Machine Translation
With the help of automatic machine translation, we are able to convert one language
into another with the help of deep learning.

Limitations
o It only learns through the observations.
 o It comprises of biases issues.

Advantages
o It lessens the need for feature engineering.
o It eradicates all those costs that are needless.
o It easily identifies difficult defects.
o It results in the best-in-class performance on problems.

Disadvantages
o It requires an ample amount of data.
o It is quite expensive to train.
o It does not have strong theoretical groundwork.