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2D03 Assignment 1

The document discusses a professor creating a wind turbine blade inspired by humpback whale flippers. It then discusses design considerations for recyclability like minimizing materials and complexity. Finally, it analyzes using a hand winch and ramp to lift a log, calculating their combined mechanical advantage as 160.992.

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Aisha Chaudhry
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52 views5 pages

2D03 Assignment 1

The document discusses a professor creating a wind turbine blade inspired by humpback whale flippers. It then discusses design considerations for recyclability like minimizing materials and complexity. Finally, it analyzes using a hand winch and ramp to lift a log, calculating their combined mechanical advantage as 160.992.

Uploaded by

Aisha Chaudhry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2D03 Assignment 1

Question 1

a) A professor at West Chester University created a novel design for a wind turbine blade that is
more effective at producing energy by taking inspiration from humpback whale flippers.
b) The whale fin's grooves facilitate a smoother flow of water over the flippers, demonstrating how
quickly they can travel through fluids. This enables the whale to swim in closer, smaller circles
around its prey, mirroring how the use of these fins may enable turbine blades to rotate more
quickly and with greater aerodynamic efficiency.

Source: [1]

Question 2
Design For Recyclability
Design Factors:
- Material used for production.
- Processes used for production.
- Product geometry
- Costs of Recycling
Design considerations:
1 – Minimize the number of materials chosen
2 – Minimize complex designs
Example: Novelis beverage can
This beverage can was created with recycling in mind, with 90% of the material being an easily
recyclable aluminum and a lamination film free of synthetic finishing ingredients like BPA and PFAS
that make recycling difficult. The can itself also features a straightforward cylindrical shape, which
makes recycling even simpler.
Source: [2]
Question 3

The shaft and gear must be permanently joined together with an interference fit. A medium drive
interference fit was chosen due to its common usage with gears and shafts in light load assemblies,
providing a fit symbol of H7/s6.

The following information was collected from Tables 7-9, A-11, & A-12 in the lecture slides.

Medium Drive Fit H7/s6


Hole Tolerance grade - Basic Size: 44mm ΔD = 0.025 mm
- Tolerance symbol: IT7
Shaft Tolerance grade - Basic size: 44 mm Δd = 0.016mm
- Tolerance symbol: IT6
Lower deviation - Basic Size: 44 mm δ = +0.043 mm
- Deviation letter: s

a)

Part Max/min Calculations Solution


diameters
Hole D max = D + ΔD 44.025 mm
= 44 mm + 0.025 mm
= 44.025 mm
D min =D 44.000 mm
= 44 mm
Shaft d max = d + δ + Δd 44.059 mm
= 44 mm + 0.043 mm + 0.016 mm
= 44.059 mm
d min =d+δ 44.043 mm
= 44 mm + 0.043 mm
= 44.043 mm
The maximum diameter of the hole is 44.025 mm & minimum diameter is 44 mm while the maximum
diameter of the shaft is 44.059 mm & the minimum diameter of the shaft is 44.043 mm.

b)

Calculations Solution
Minimum Clearance = d min – D max 0.018 mm
= 44.043 mm – 44. 025 mm
= 0.018 mm
Maximum Clearance = d max – D min 0.059 mm
= 44.059 mm – 44.000 mm
= 0.059 mm
The minimum clearance between the shaft and the gear hole is 0.018 mm, so the two parts will always
fit together. In the case that the parts did not always fit together, a lubricant, heating or cooling process,
or extreme force could be used to get the parts to shrink/expand into each other.
Question 4

a)

The mechanical advantage of each of the tools was calculated to see which process would be best to lift
the log onto the sawmill.

Tool Type of simple machine Calculations MA


2x4 wooden beams – Inclined plane (ramp) Sin(θ) = 2/18 8.944
6 feet long, 6 in total θ = 6.379o
(assume perfectly Cos(6.379o) = x/18
rigid) x = 17.89 ft

MA ramp = L/h
= 17.89/2
= 8.944
Single pulley – Comes Pulley MA = # of ropes attached to load 1
with a sling for =1
hanging and enough
rope to operate

Hand winch – 12” Wheel & axle, gear MA = output gear teeth/ input gear 18
handle length, 2” teeth * input R / output r
shaft radius, 20 tooth = 60/20 * 12/2
input gear, 60 tooth = 18
output gear

Crowbar – 48” long Lever (2nd class) MA = d in/ d out 12


with 4” short end = 48” / 4”
= 12

It was decided that the hand winch and wooden beams would be used together to produce the largest
Mechanical advantage of the provided tools as shown below.
b)

This would provide a total mechanical advantage of:

MA (total) = MA (ramp) * MA (Hand winch)

= 8.944 * 18

= 160.992
Sources

[1] “A whale of a turbine,” The Guardian,


https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/jun/24/animalbehaviour.usa (accessed Sep. 29,
2023).

[2] “Can innovations,” Novelis, https://www.novelis.com/beverage-can/can-innovations/


(accessed Sep. 29, 2023).

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