Summer Training Project

A study on…(People’s point of view towards

online trading)

Prepared by (SHRUTI AGRAWAL)

(Roll Number: 2201620700054 )
MBA Batch 2022-2024

Submitted To
SHAMBHUNATH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
JHALWA, PRAYAGRAJ

Affiliated To
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (AKTU)
Lucknow
Certificate of completion (BY COLLEGE)
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION (BY
COMPANY)
 Student’s Declaration
I undersigned SHRUTI AGRAWAL a student of SIET/SIM
MBA 3 semester, declare that summer training project titled
rd

“People’s point of view towards online trading” is a result of

my own work and my indebtedness to other work publications,
references, if any, have been duly acknowledged. If I found
guilty of copying any other report or published information and
showing as my original work, I understand that I shall be liable
and punishable by Institute or University, which may include
‘Fail’ in examination, ‘Repeat study & re- submission of the
report’ or any other punishment that Institute or University may
decide.

Name of Student :SHRUTI AGRAWAL SIGNATURE :Shruti Agrawal

Roll Number: 2201620700054

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I want to express my gratitude to my teacher,

for their encouragement, insightful
suggestions, and mentorship. I’d also like to
extend my thanks to my principal, for granting
me this wonderful opportunity to be part of
this project.
Also, I would like to express my appreciation
to all those who have supported and
contributed to the completion of this project.
Your assistance, guidance, and encouragement
have been invaluable. Thank you for being a
part of this project.
Lastly, I want to thank my family & friends
for their understanding and support during this
project.
TABLE OF CONTENT
INDUSTRYOVERVIEW

Retail securities brokerage services involve

facilitating the buying and selling of financial
securities, such as stocks, bonds, and mutual
funds, for individual investors. These services
typically include:

Trading Platform: Providing an online platform for

clients to execute trades, offering real-time market
information and order execution capabilities.

Investment Advice: Offering research and analysis

to help clients make informed investment
decisions. This may include stock
recommendations, market insights, and economic
analysis.

Account Management: Managing and maintaining

individual investment accounts, tracking
portfolios, and providing statements and tax
documents.
Customer Support: Offering assistance to clients
with account-related inquiries, technical issues,
and general information about financial markets.

Education and Resources: Providing educational

resources and tools to help clients understand
financial markets, investment strategies, and risk
management.

Asset Custody: Safeguarding and holding clients'

securities in custody, ensuring proper settlement
and clearance of trades.

Margin Trading: Allowing clients to trade on

margin, borrowing funds to leverage their
investments, which involves increased risk.

Retirement Accounts: Offering options for

retirement savings, such as Individual Retirement
Accounts (IRAs) and other tax-advantaged
accounts.
Fee Structure: Charging commissions or fees for
executing trades, managing accounts, and
providing advisory services. Some brokers also
offer commission-free trading.

Regulatory Compliance: Adhering to regulatory

requirements and ensuring compliance with
financial industry standards to protect investors.
MAJOR PLAYERS
some major players in the retail securities
brokerage services sector in India include:

Zerodha: Known for introducing a discount

brokerage model, Zerodha is one of the largest
retail stockbrokers in India, offering a user-
friendly online platform.

Upstox (formerly RKSV): Another prominent

discount brokerage firm, Upstox provides online
trading services, research tools, and educational
resources.

ICICI Direct: A subsidiary of ICICI Bank, ICICI

Direct is a full-service brokerage providing a range
of investment products and services to retail
customers.

HDFC Securities: The retail arm of HDFC Bank,

HDFC Securities offers a variety of investment
options, including equity trading, mutual funds,
and more.

Sharekhan: A full-service brokerage, Sharekhan

provides a comprehensive range of financial
services, including online trading, investment
advisory, and research.

Kotak Securities: A subsidiary of Kotak Mahindra

Bank, Kotak Securities offers a wide range of
investment and trading services to retail
customers.

Axis Direct: The retail brokerage arm of Axis

Bank, Axis Direct provides online trading,
investment advisory, and financial planning
services.

Angel Broking: A leading full-service brokerage,

Angel Broking offers a range of financial products
and services, including online trading, research,
and portfolio management.
COMPANY OVERVIEW

HISTORY

In 1979 - The Company was Incorporated on 30th June, at Chennai. It

was promoted by R. Thyagarajan, A.V.S Raja and T. Jayaraman. The
Company provides hire purchase finance, and it confined its operation
to financing transport sector as the sector had been registering
consistent growth and also as trucks are assets generating revenue on
a continuous basis with almost zero gestation period. The Company's
operation are predominantly based in S. India. - The Company's
object is providing hire purchase finance to trucks. - 50,000 shares
subscribed for by signatories to Memorandum of Association.
2,50,000 shares the issued at par, of which 70,000 shares were
reserved and allotted to promoters, directors etc.The remaining
1,80,000 shares offered to the public in February.

Shriram Finance is the country’s one of the biggest retail NBFC

offering credit solutions for commercial vehicles, two-wheeler loans,
car loans, home loans, gold loans, personal and small business loans.
We are part of the 49 year old Shriram Group, a financial
conglomerate that has emerged as a trusted partner in creating
transformative experiences and lasting impressions in customers’
lives.

In November 2022, Shriram Group’s entities – Shriram Transport

Finance Company Limited, Shriram City Union Finance Limited , and
Shriram Capital Limited – merged to form Shriram Finance Limited .
As on September 30, 2023, with a network of 2,975 branches and a
workforce of 71,373, Shriram Finance has combined Assets Under
Management (AUM) worth ₹ 2.02 Lac crores.

As a leading financial enterprise with a rich business history, Shriram

Finance is founded on inclusion and sustainability, helping us unlock
value for generations to come. Our presence spans across the agrarian
heartlands of rural India to its vibrant, cosmopolitan metros where we
set wings to aspirations. At Shriram Finance, we are committed to
meeting our customers at every touchpoint of their financial journey
so that they get to explore unlimited possibilities through us.

Powered by cutting-edge technology, Shriram Finance is a digitally

mature financial institution that reflects the banking needs of the
Millennial and Gen Z customers. We offer priority financial services
to those in the unbanked and underbanked sectors, expanding our
innovative product pipeline at every stage of disruption.

MISSIONS AND VISSIONS

To be country’s most-preferred financial services destination,
delivering delightful customer
experience through empowered employees.

Customer First

We pride ourselves on the perfect understanding of the

common person. Our financial services are tailor-made
to perfectly suit customer needs through quality non-
banking financial services. This guiding philosophy of
putting people first has brought the company closer to
the grassroots, and we are the preferred choice for
serving the underserved, nurturing talent, and
empowering people. Over the decades, the company has
achieved significant success by creating transparency
and a strong sense of belonging. Our customer loyalty is
a testimony to our journey.
Our Core Value

Operational efficiency, truthfulness and a robust emphasis on

catering to the needs of the common man by providing him
with high quality and cost-effective products & services are
the values driving Shriram Finance. These core values are
deep-rooted.

MANAGEMENT
Become our partner for stock broking services. We promise
you our best support to grow the business together.

Millions trust us….

• Shriram is one of the few financial companies to have
survived NBFC debacle
• Group has forged ahead even in adverse times by
virtue of its vision, dynamism & innovation 100%
integrity & transparency
• Never defaulted in financial commitments to its
clients in maturity & interest payout.
Why investment in Shriram is safe
• Our core business I truck finance – profitable with
high demand. Over 65% of goods in India are
transported in trucks
• We are clear leaders in truck finance as it is highly
specialized business with few finance companies
having succeeded in setting up organizational
capability of managing risk
• We have well diversified business portfolio with wide
geographical spread.
 PRODUCTS
Shriram Insight services more than 1,25,000 clients through
its network of 460 branches spread across the country. Our
offerings include:
• Share trading
• Call & Trade
• Online (Internet) rading with highly secured payment
gateways through leading banks in India.
• Trading & demat account at nominal cost
• Trading in cash & derivatives
• Margin funding
• Commodities trading
Research, daily technical analysis, Intraday and positional
calls, daily market report, company results analysis.

PRODUCT FEATURES
• Good returns to investors
• Advance information on forthcoming offers
• Best brokerage & adequate provision of forms

OUR DISTRIBUTION PRODUCTS

• Mutual funds: Equity, Debt, Liquid
• Company deposits: Hudco, HDFC, SAIL, others
• Capital gain bonds: NHAI, REC
• Tax-benefit schemes: 8% RBI, ICICI & IDBI bonds
 • Initial public offers (IPOs) & NFOs

PARTNER US
Become our partner for stock broking services. We promise
you our best support to grow the business together.

Attractive business opportunity

• 320 online trading centres across country
• Centralized back office with state of art technology
backbone
• Advanced trading software – ODIN
• Best-in-industry brokerage
• Transparent operations & efficient client service
• Efficient risk control management
• Dedicated & premier in-house research
• Successful track record of 8 years

Pioneer in developing partners and agents for more than

30 years. Shriram group has created products suited to
maximum savings opportunity for retail clients. Thus, our
partnership has grown to more than 80,000 agents,
handling a wider range of products like fixed deposit,
debentures, life insurance and general insurance.
Shriram Insight offers share broking service especially
targeted at retail investors. With increasing investment in
stock market and growing volume in-exchanges,
becoming a Shriram Insight partner helps you service
your client and grow your business.
No need to invest in infrastructure. We take care of your
complete servicing of clients from our branches. We offer
attractive financial benefits to our partners by enrolment and
revenue sharing models. Complete servicing of all issues of
our partners addressed from our local branch.

Our support to agent network

• Periodic product updates

• Efficient customer service
• Adequate provision of forms, rate charts, etc.
• Stay constantly in touch through interactive meets
mailers
• Promotional support

Why Shriram financial products should be part

of every distributor’s portfolio:

• Diversified income & remunerative business opportunity

• Attractive incentive schemes announced periodically

PRODUCT PORTFOLIO OF SHRIRAM INSIGHT:

Shriram Insight offers a comprehensive platform, offering an

investment avenue for a wide range of asset classes. Its
endeavor is to change the way India transacts in financial
markets and avails financial services. Shriram Insight offers a
single window facility, enabling us to access, amongst others
Equity, Equity and Commodity Derivatives, Offshore
Investments, IPOs, Mutual Funds, Life Insurance and General
Insurance products. Shriram Insight is the most cost-effective,
convenient and secures way to transact in a wide range of
financial products and services.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Online Stock Trading in India: An Empirical

Investigation With IT fuelling Indian economy, Internet
is adopted as effective tool in catalyzing the business
activities. Latest developments in information technology
have altogether changed the business done traditionally.
As financial system is becoming more complex it has
become need of the hour where investors should
comprehend the data and understand recent intricacies of
online trading. In Indian context etrading is relatively
new phenomenon, which has yet to gain some significant
meaning. In the past investors have no other option to get
market information except to contact their local broker?
But Internet trading in stock market is becoming medium
of exchange whereby investor can order stock exchange
on simple mouse click sitting at his place. Keeping in
view current market requirement an attempt has been
made in this research paper to analyze current status of
online trading in Indian scenario. Facts highlighted in
this study clearly reveal that although online trading is
picking up its speed to tap investors yet it is expected to
adopt creative strategies to lure customers from physical
trading to net trading.

2. Online Trading: The Future of Stock Market The avenue of

the internet is a convenient method for the public to carry out
financial transactions online and even faster than ever. Online
trading over the stock market for the consumer indulges all
the platforms of banking, commerce, money and resultantly
discovers a ease to them. Online trading comes under the
percept of E-commerce which has become a greater tool of
ease in the universe at this jiffy. In India, there are few
companies to offer such trading business. In fact, stock market
business has expanded to such an extent which has never
happened before. This has become an imperative to the
success to all the organisations of online trading business
world wide. This research paper will concentrate on the future
of stock exchange through online trading and their Security
rate of trading online.
The Shriram Insight Online Trading
Platform – Top Features

There are several features that the Shriram Net Pro has
made at one of the most favoured platforms. Some of
the most important ones have been mentioned below:
The Margin
The user can have easy access to all the margin trading
facilities with the help of this platform. There is a
specific segment where the user can see how much
margin they require to trade a certain amount of any
particular volume against what is the balance left over
in their trading account.
The Products
There are several stock market products which you can
trade with the help of the Shriram Insight web trading
platform. In this web trading platform, you can also
purchase mutual funds, all SIP Investments and other
things.
The kind of orders
There are many requests that you can place with the
help of this platform. The order types include the
aftermarket orders and also multiple orders apart from
the regular buy and sell shares.
Analytical tools
The platform is known not only for the technical tools
but also for the other fundamental analysis tools. Stored
in this web trading platform is the historical data of the
last 20 years, thousands of charts and indicators that are
available for your technical analysis.
Buying and selling
With the help of the Shriram Insight Net Pro, the
process of buying and selling of assets has become
quite easy. There is a list of assets on the dashboard, and
from there you can select the one you want to trade
with.
Global indices
The platform has stored in data about various
comprehensive index which you can refer and compare
the prices, track all the costs and then trade accordingly.
Some of the Indian indices include the NIFTY, Sensex
as well as the other ones like Dow Jones and S&P
indices.

How to set up Shriram Insight Net Pro?

To set up a Shriram insight web trading platform, you
have to :
You will how to open a Demat account with Shriram
Insight. Once you receive the login details, login into
the web trading platform on a suitable browser.
Go to the market watch list section. Here you will find
an option to add or remove scripts which you can sort
according to your market preference.
Once you have selected your market watch list, you are
good to go. After this, you can buy or sell any stock,
and you can also use other orders.
Since no installation or downloads are required, you can
directly login and start trading on the platform.
For the advanced orders, you will have to visit the
advanced section where you will find all the bracket
orders, the cover orders and others.

How to own Shriram Insight Online Trading Platform?

The process of owning a Shriram Insight web trading
platform is quite easy, and the process starts with the
opening of a Demat and trading account with Shriram
Insight. For the ownership, you need to follow the
following steps:
Click on the “Open Demat Account button on the
lowermost part of the website. A Pop-up form will
appear, Fll up that form.
Once you have completed the form, you will get a call
from Shriram Insight Executive.
You have to provide required documents for KYC, once
the verification has been completed by the company,
and an executive from Shriram Insight will call you up
for authentication.
Once the authentication process has been completed,
your account would be activated after which you can
visit the official website and click on the Shriram netpro
browser platform.
After successful login, you can trade using the platform.
The documents required for the verification purpose:
 Your bank statement or cancelled cheque
 Your pan card
 Voter card
 Aadhar card
 Passport size recent photograph
Advantages of the Shriram Insight Netpro

Some of the benefits of using this Shriram netpro

browsing platform are:
 This web trading platform is frequently updated,
and thus any issues with the platform are resolved
pretty quickly. The platform has instant fixes and
solutions for all bugs and other items.
 The Shriram Insight Web Trading Platform
provides the users with the fastest execution of
orders with even the most straightforward internet
connection.
 The platform is well known because of their speed
and performance and their high-speed
implementation of the trade and orders.
 There are also thousands of segments which can be
traded using this platform apart from the pure
equities and derivatives. Some of which includes
mutual funds and SIP investment options.
Shriram Insight Net Pro –
Conclusion
The Shriram Insight web trading platform or Shriram
Net Pro Platform is a popular high-performance
browser-based trading platform that will provide the
user with various kind of orders and thousands of
features for all types of traders.
The platform is a perfect one for both a newbie and an
expert investor. As per the user reviews and ratings, the
performance of the website is quite good.
As the web trading platform requires no downloads and
as it is also free for everyone, it is considered a popular
option for both mobile and desktop users.
 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH

 Strong Momentum: Price above short, medium and long term

moving averages
 Company with high TTM EPS Growth
 Growth in Quarterly Net Profit with increasing Profit Margin
(YoY)
 Increasing Revenue every Quarter for the past 4 Quarters
 Increasing profits every quarter for the past 2 quarters
 Annual Net Profits improving for last 2 years
 Book Value per share Improving for last 2 years
 Company with Zero Promoter Pledge
 Near 52 Week High

Strengths 9
Weakness 4
Opportunity 4
Threats 0

WEAKNESSES

 Companies with High Debt

 Poor cash generated from core business - Declining Cash
Flow from Operations for last 2 years
 Declining Net Cash Flow and Cash from Operating Activity
for last 2 years
  Declining Net Cash Flow : Companies not able to generate
net cash

OPPORTUNITIES

 Positive Breakout First Resistance ( LTP > R1)

 Profit making Companies with High ROCE and Low PE
 Results Screener: Stocks with upcoming results which are
seeing positive shifts in share price
 RSI indicating price strength

THREATS

 No not yet

Overview
Company Type Public
Broker Type Full Service Broker
Headquarters Chennai
Founder Sri R. Thiagarajan
Established Year 1974

SHRIRAM INSIGHT LOGIN PAGE

 SHRIRAM GROUP

Shriram Group
Genesis of the Shriram phenomenon

The 1,50,000 Cr Shriram Group had its humble beginnings in

the Chit Fund business over three decades ago. R
Thyagarajan, AVS Raja and T Jayaraman were the “three
musketeers” who ventured into these businesses. Not many in
the Financial services industry thought at that time, this small
Chit Funds business in Chennai would indeed be the
foundation for the financial conglomerate that Shriram is
today.
The Shriram Way!
Shriram Group’s businesses strive to serve the largest number
of common people. Consider these: Commercial Vehicle
Financing, Consumer & Enterprise Finance, Retail Stock
Broking, Life Insurance, Chit Funds and Distribution of
Investment & Insurance Products. Our foray into Non-Life
(General) Insurance, is again a strong expression of this
commitment.

Group Companies
SHRIRAM GI
SHRIRAM LIFE
SHRIRAM AMC
SHRIRAM CAPITAL
SHRIRAM FORTUNE
SHRIRAM HOUSING
SHRIRAM PROPERTIES
SHRIRAM FINANCE

Features & Benefits

Trusted by millions of customers, Shriram Fixed Deposit is the safest
investment option with attractive interest rates. Rated "[ICRA]AA+ (Stable)" by
ICRA and "IND AA+/Stable" by India Ratings and Research.

 Higher Interest Rate

Grow your savings with interest rates as high as 9.20%* p.a.

 Benefits for Senior Citizens

Senior citizens get an additional 0.50%* p.a.

 Special Interest Rates for Women

Women depositors get an additional 0.10%* p.a.

 Flexible Tenure
 Choose from the flexible investment options starting from 12
to 60 months.

 Flexible Payout Options

Choose from flexible interest payout options, i.e., monthly,
quarterly, half-yearly, yearly or at maturity.

 Guaranteed Returns
Get steady and assured returns irrespective of market
fluctuations.

With our Equity Trading Account, you have access to a

whole lot of features.

 Open your Equity Trading Account with Shriram insight.

 Link anyone of your savings account to your Equity
trading account.
 Transfer funds securely from your savings account to
the Equity Trading Account, via our Payment Gateway.
Remember, the amount of funds that can be
transferred depend on the limits set by the bank where
you have your savings account.
 Trade in equities, equity derivatives, currencies,
commodities and more with your Equity Trading
account.
 The shares will be paid into your Eqity Trading Account
in T+2, where ‘T’ stands for the day the trade was
carried out.
Benefits of the Equity Trading Account

 Powerful, Fastest, Reliable and User-friendly Trading

platforms offered
 Secure trading environment, using the highest levels of
data encryption
 SMS Alerts
 Invest in mutual funds and fixed deposits online.
 Access your contract notes, demat ledger, fund ledgers,
porfolio tracker, capital gain/loss and more.
 Free access to comprehensive commentaries on Industry
sectors / markets.

Demat Account
A dematerialized or demat account is a facility that allows
investors to hold shares in an electronic format.
This is similar to a bank account, where you keep your
money. In this case, a demat account holds the certificates of
your financial instruments like shares, bonds, government
securities, mutual funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs).
You need a demat account before you start to trade on India’s
stock exchanges.

What does Shriram Insight offer?

At Shriram Insight, you can open both demat as well as
trading accounts either independently or at the same time.
This is called a two-in-one account.

How to open a Demat Account with Shriram Insight

Shriram Insight is a depository participant – the intermediary
between CDSL , and you. It is very easy to open a demat
account with Shriram Insight. Here are the key things that you
require:

Filled application form for opening demat

Passport size Photographs

Bank account proof (Cancelled Cheque, Bank Statement or Passbook)

Proof of address (Passport, Driving License,Voter Id etc.)

Copy of PAN card

Open a Demat Account

What are the benefits?

CUTS PAPERWORK:
Since all your certificates are electronic, transactions are less
cumbersome. You never have to deal with the physical documents and
the related paperwork. When you trade shares or other financial
instruments, there is no need to actually hand over certificates to the
buyer or seller.

LOW COSTS:
Dealing in physical securities involves a lot of additional costs such as
handling expenses, stamp duty as well as for safety. These are very
hard to determine beforehand. All these are eliminated when
maintaining a demat account. Also, all costs are detailed in advance.
INSTANT:
Since we are dealing in the electronic format, delivery is completed
within a few days. Earlier, this used to take weeks, if not months. This
means transactions become seamless and inexpensive.

LESS RISK:
When you are dealing with physical copies of certificates, there are
many risks involved like fake securities, bad delivery, incomplete
paperwork, or simple destruction of the paper or ink. In the demat
form, certificates last longer and you eliminate these risks.
 Commodity Futures
Benefits of Investing in Commodities
Tax-free bonds have emerged as a highly popular investment option
among investors. Here’s a look at some of its benefits:

Diversification Commodity returns have historically had low or

negative correlations with the returns of other major asset classes, and
may be used to diversify a portfolio. Other factors remaining same,
diversified portfolios with low aggregate correlation tend to have
lower volatility of returns. Therefore, diversification may improve
risk-adjusted returns.

Commodities may react differently from stocks and bonds in various

economic and geo-political situations, enhancing risk-adjusted returns
and reducing the overall volatility of a portfolio.

Inflation protection Changing macroeconomic factors (like inflation)

tend to impact commodities differently from other financial products.
Prices of goods and services rise in tandem with input prices, while
prices of stocks and bonds tend to decline because of rising
commodity input prices which put pressure on the economy and lower
the value of future cash flows.
 Hedge against event risk Geo-political events like wars and supply
disruptions due to natural disasters like hurricanes, droughts and
floods may impact the supply of, and increase the demand for, certain
commodities. Including commodities in a portfolio may act as a
potential hedge against certain types of event risks.

OFFERINGS BY SHRIRAM INSIGHT

Fixed Deposit

Benefits of Shriram Fixed Deposit

 Safety: Shriram Fixed Deposits are rated, so they have
high safety level.

Returns: Attractive returns as interest rates are normally
higher than Banks Fixed Deposits.

 Flexible tenure: There are various tenures ranging from

1 to 5 years.

Regular Income: You can choose interest frequency;
most issuers offer periodical Interest payments and
cumulative deposits. Click here to explore our FD
calculator.
Period Non Cumulative Scheme Cumulative Scheme
(Months) Monthly Quarterly Half yearly Yearly Interest Maturity Value
for Rs.5000
12 7.53% 7.58% 7.65% 7.80% 7.80% Rs.5390.00
18 7.67% 7.72% 7.80% 7.95% 8.11% Rs.5605.00
24 7.81% 7.87% 7.94% 8.10% 8.43% Rs.5840.00
30 8.00% 8.06% 8.14% 8.30% 8.83% Rs.6100.00
36 8.18% 8.24% 8.33% 8.50% 9.24% Rs.6385.00
42 8.23% 8.29% 8.38% 8.55% 9.51% Rs.6660.00
50 8.27% 8.33% 8.42% 8.60% 9.83% Rs.7050.00
60 8.27% 8.33% 8.42% 8.60% 10.21% Rs.7550.00
Min. Amt Rs.10000 Rs.5000

Capital Gains Analysis

A stock market investment deals with buying shares of various

companies. Returns are earned from the increase in value of these
shares as well as the annual dividends received. The profit you earn
from selling your assets like bonds, shares, mutual fund units,
property etc., is called capital gains.
So how do you measure your capital gains, especially when you have
an expansive portfolio with multiple stocks? The capital gains report
will come to your help here.
What Shriram Insight offers?
Shriram Insight provides you a statement which details your Capital
Gains (or loss) from equity. Apart from that, you can also readily view
your capital gains report any time you wish on the website.
What to read in Capital Gains report
The capital gains report can be quite detailed. However, you have the
option to get a simple summary of the report. Nonetheless, here are
some of the information you would find in the statement:

Financial period: At the top of the report, you will be asked to

choose from amongst different financial periods - different quarter or
the whole financial year. This tailors the report and helps you
understand how much profit you made in that single period.

Transactions: The different equity instruments you hold are divided

on the basis of the transaction while it was purchased. This can be a
market transaction - when you bought or sold from the market or an
off-market transaction - when shares were transferred to you or by
you to another demat account.

Gain/loss: This section shows the profits or losses you have made due
to the rise in the stock’s prices. This would be called an unrealised
gain if the stock has not been sold yet. However, your capital gains
report will only show the profits you have made by selling your stock.
Unrealised gains are reported in the portfolio statement, and not the
capital gains report.

 Short-term capital gain: Your gains and losses are

divided into three categories - intraday, less than 1
year, and more than 1 year. Any gain or loss you made
in intra-day trading or by selling stocks within a year is
considered as short-term capital gain/loss.

 Long-term capital gain: Any gains or losses you have

made by selling stock held for over a year is considered
as long-term capital gain/loss. This distinction is
required because they are both taxed in different ways
by the government. Long-term capital gains is
considered non-taxable income, while short-term
capital gains is taxed.

 Speculation income: Sometimes, a capital gains report

also contains a section called speculation income. This
deals with the amount you earned from intra-day
trading. This is because, intra-day trading is usually
considered as speculative trading. So the income is
called as speculative income. It is usually considered a
part of short-term capital gains.
 Systematic Investment Plan (SIP)

SIP is a smart and hassle free mode for investing money in mutual funds. SIP
allows you to invest a certain pre-determined amount at a regular interval
(monthly/ quarterly)

How does it work?

Your money is auto-debited from your bank account and invested into a specific
mutual fund scheme. You are allocated certain number of units based on the
ongoing market rate (called NAV or net asset value) for the day.
Every time you invest money, additional units of the scheme are purchased at
the market rate and added to your account. Hence, units are bought at different
rates and investors benefit from Rupee-Cost Averaging and the Power of
Compounding.
Rupee-Cost averaging
During volatile markets, most investors remain skeptical about the best time to
invest and try to 'time' their entry into the market. Rupee-cost averaging allows
you to opt out of the guessing game.
Since you are a regular investor, your money fetches more units when the price
is low and lesser when the price is high. During volatile period, it may allow
you to achieve a lower average cost per unit.
Power of Compounding
Albert Einstein once said, "Compound interest is the eighth wonder of the
world. He who understands it, earns it... he who doesn't... pays it."
The rule for compounding is simple - the sooner you start investing, the more
time your money has to grow.
 Margin Trading

Margin Trading is a credit line extended to you by the stock broker. If

you are interested in buying shares of SBIN worth Rs 2,00,000 but do
not have enough cash, Shriram Insight helps you to complete this
transaction by bringing in the balance.
The finance is provided to you to the extent of the cash you hold or a
percentage of the value of your equity portfolio.
The facility is available for both online and offline trading customers.

How does it work?

* To activate this facility, you simply have to get in touch with us.
* The margin finance facility is made available to you once you fill up
a margin finance agreement with us.

In case of short allotment you will have to arrange for the shares to
settle the short allotment, if any. It is advisable to trade in highly
liquid Group A stocks to avoid auction penalty.
The shares that have been bought and subsequently sold under BTST
would be first credited and then debited from your Demat Account as
per normal pay in and pay out. A customer will not be required to do
anything different from a normal transaction.

Margin release post selling stocks under BTST depends upon stocks’
multiple. Please check Margin Requirements page for details.
* You can then pick up the stock of your choice and we will step in to
help you own the stock you have been looking to buy.

Portfolio Tracker

Tracks all your investments and assets, through realtime price

updates. Get a consolidated view of your multiple stock, mutual fund.
Know your best and worst investments at a glance and much more...

 Capital Gains: Quick summary of capital gains incurred in

current fiscal and tax status of your investments if sold today.
You can also check capital gains and tax status for past fiscals

 Transaction History: Displays history of transactions that have

taken place in your stocks and mutual funds. You can track your
transactions for different financial years too.

 Dividends: Track current and historic dividends declared by

your stocks and mutual funds. You can also auto adjust your
MFs for dividend payouts and re-investments.

 Industry Classification: Displays which different sectors have

you invested your money in and also displays what percentage
of your total investment belongs to which sector.

Auto Pay-In
Now you have a solid reason to smile about. Get the power of
Shriram Insight's AUTO PAY-IN on your side while you trade. Make
transfer of your shares smoother and faster.
What Is Auto Pay-In?
AUTO PAY-IN is a service offering the facility of "Power Of Attorney
(POA)" for Pay-in of securities to fulfill the settlement obligation.
Through this facility, shares sold by you through Shriram Insight will
automatically be transferred to pool account for settlement pay-in.

The Advantages
1. No need to issue/submit separate Delivery Instruction Slips, against
each pay-in obligation. So you save time, save auction, save hassle.
2. The deliveries executed on behalf of the clients will also be
confirmed through SMS and e-mail.

What you have to do ?

1. Enter into an agreement granting Shriram Insight Share Brokers
Ltd the "Power Of Attorney (POA)"
2. Let us know your E-Mail ID and Mobile Number.

Initial Public Offering – IPO

 Apply in Initial Public Offers (IPO’s) without
going through the hassles of filling ANY
application form or paperwork.

When an unlisted company makes either a fresh issue of securities

( Through primary markets ) or an offer for sale of its existing
securities or both for the first time to the public then that is known as
an IPO. The first sale of stock by a private company to the public.
IPO’s are often issued by smaller, younger companies seeking capital
to expand, but can also be done by large privately-owned companies
looking to become publicly traded. In an IPO, the issuer obtains the
assistance of an underwriting firm, which helps it determine what type
of security to issue (common or preferred), best offering price and
time to bring it to market. Also referred to as a “public offering”.

Derivative:
Don’t dread derivatives anymore. Choose the
contract and say go. For the first time track your
positions online, in real time.

The derivative itself is merely a contract between two or more parties.

Its value is determined by fluctuations in the underlying asset. The
most common underlying assets include stocks, bonds, commodities,
currencies, interest rates and market indexes. Most derivatives are
characterized by high leverage. Futures contracts, forward contracts,
options and swaps are the most common types of derivatives. Because
derivatives are just contracts, just about anything can be used as an
underlying asset. Derivatives are generally used to hedge risk, but can
also be used for speculative purposes. To hedge this risk, the investor
could purchase currency futures to lock in a specified exchange rate
for the future stock sale.

Derivatives are divided into basically two parts:

Futures
Options

A. Futures: A financial contract obligating the buyer to

purchase an asset (or the seller to sell an asset), such as a
physical commodity or a financial instrument, at a
predetermined future date and price. Futures contracts detail the
quality and quantity of the underlying asset; they are
standardized to facilitate trading on a futures exchange.

B. Options: A financial derivative which represents a

contract sold by one party (option writer) to another party
(option holder). The contract offers the buyer the right, but not
the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a security or other
financial asset at an agreed-upon price (the strike price) during
a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date).
 Options are consist of two things:
a) Call: It is the period of time between the opening and
closing of some future markets wherein the prices are
established through an auction process. Call is an option
contract giving the owner the right (but not the obligation) to
buy a specified amount of an underlying security at a specified
price within a specified time.

b) Put: Put is an option contract giving the owner the right,

but not the obligation, to sell a specified amount of an
underlying asset at a set price within a specified time. The
buyer of a put option estimates that the underlying asset will
drop below the exercise price before the expiration date.

Insurance:

Take advantage of investing in Insurance products

without going into the hassles of doing any paperwork.
Click here to get started

There are good times and bad times during every stage of our lives, and
being financially prepared to face all kinds of situations makes the
journey of life a lot easier and certainly more. The Financial Product that
helps in this is Insurance. Insurance is a contract (policy) in which an
individual or entity receives financial protection or reimbursement
against losses from an insurance company. The company pools clients’
risks to make payments more affordable for the insured.

Insurance is of two types:

• Life Insurance
 General Insurance
A. Life Insurance: This is the protection against the loss of
income that would result if the insured passed away. The
named beneficiary receives the proceeds and is thereby
safeguarded from the financial impact of the death of the
insured. The goal of life insurance is to provide a measure of
financial security for your family after you die. Life insurance
products offer comprehensive financial. Solutions which
besides offering financial security also provide opportunity for
saving, investment & tax planning.

B. General Insurance:

General Insurance is a form of risk management, primarily used to

hedge against the risk of a contingent loss of many articles and
nominal things. This is a single policy that may cover risks in one or
more of the categories set forth below. For example, auto insurance
would typically cover both property risk (covering the risk of theft or
damage to the car) and liability risk (covering legal claims from
causing an accident).G.I. may be done for follows:
 Automobile Insurance
 Aviation Insurance
 Equipment Breakdown insurance
 Business insurance
 Crop Insurance

Health Insurance

Seeing your family in the pink of health ranks highest in priority for you. Yet,
despite your best efforts, illnesses do occur. With the spiraling cost of health
care, these unforeseen circumstances can take a toll on your savings. To ensure
that you don’t need to spend your hard earned money on treatment of any such
illness; we have a Policy that offers you all the financial support that you need.
Personal Accident
The policy provides for payment of compensation in the event of accidents
leading to death or disablement of the insured person. The disablement may be
of permanent total or permanent partial or temporarily total in nature. This
policy can be issued to persons in the age group of 5 years to 70 years and can
be extended to cover persons beyond the age of 70 years and upto 80 years on
payment of suitable additional premium. The cover provided is worldwide.
Policy also provides for reimbursement of expenses incurred for carriage of
dead body and education grant for children (upto a maximum of two children)
of the primary insured person, subject to terms and limits.
This policy can be extended to cover actual medical expenses arising out of
the accident upto an amount not exceeding 40% of the compensation paid
in settlement of a valid claim under this Policy or 20% of the relevant
Capital Sum Insured whichever is less, on payment of 20% of extra
premium.
Group Personal Accident

The policy is applicable to

a. Employees of a Firm/Company ( i.e with employer-employee
relationship).
b. Members of an institution/society/association/club ( i.e with no

employer-employee relationship). Policies can be issued on named

or unnamed basis.

The policy covers -

Physical loss to an insured person due to an accidental injury anywhere in

the world and pays for death or disablement .

a. Death 100 % of Sum Insured

b. Permanent Total Disablement 100 % of Sum Insured
c. Loss of two limbs/Two eyes or one limb and one eye 100 % of Sum
Insured
d. Loss of one limb or one eye 50 % of Sum Insured
e. Permanent Partial Disablement Varies from 1% to 75% of Sum Insured

depending on the disablement

Fire
• Standard Fire and Special Perils
• Consequential Loss (Fire)
• Industrial All Risks Engineering
• Erection All Risks/Storage-cum-Erection
• Contractor’s All Risks
 • Contractor’s Plant and Machinery

Marine
• Marine Cargo Insurance

Motor
• Private Car Comprehensive

Liability
• Directors and Officers Liability
• Public Liability (Act)
• Public Liability
• Product Liability

EQUITY

Equity is Stock or any other security representing an ownership interest.

Equity is a term whose meaning depends very much on the context. In general,
you can think of equity as ownership in any asset after all debts associated
with that asset are paid off. An Investor can invest his money in Equity in two
ways i.e. Online or Offline and for both, he needs a D-Mat A/C

Mutual Fund:

An investment vehicle which is comprised of a pool of funds collected from

many investors for the purpose of investing in securities such as stocks, bonds,
money market securities and similar assets. Mutual funds are operated by
money mangers, who invest the fund’s capital and attempt to produce capital
gains and income for the fund’s investors. A mutual fund’s portfolio is
structured and maintained to match the investment objectives stated in its
prospectus.
COMMODITIES

A commodity is something that is relatively easily traded, that can be physically

delivered, and that can be stored for a reasonable period of time. It is a
characteristic of commodities that prices are determined on the basis of an
active market, rather than by the supplier (or other seller) on a “cost-plus” basis.
Examples of commodities include not only minerals and agricultural products
such as iron ore, crude oil, ethanol, sugar, coffee, aluminium, rice, wheat, gold,
diamonds, or silver, but also so-called “commoditized” products such as
personal computers. In the original and simplified sense, commodities were
things of value, of uniform quality, that were produced in large quantities by
many different producers; the items from each different producer are considered
equivalent. It is the contract and this underlying standard that define the
commodity, not any quality inherent in the product.

Commodities exchanges include:

• Euronext.liffe
• London Metal Exchange
• New York Mercantile Exchange .

INTRODUCTION
 National Stock Exchange of India
ORIGINS

The National Stock Exchange of India was promoted by leading Financial

institutions at the behest of the Government of India, and was incorporated in
November 1992 as a tax-paying company. In April 1993, it was recognized as
a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. NSE
commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in
June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segment of the NSE commenced
operations in November 1994, while operations in the Derivatives segment
commenced in June 2000.

National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) is India's largest Stock Exchange &
World's third largest Stock Exchange in terms of transactions. Located in
Mumbai, NSE was promoted by leading Financial Institutions at the behest of
the Government of India, and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-
paying company. In April 1993, NSE was recognized as a Stock exchange under
the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act-1956. NSE commenced operations in
the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. Capital Market
(Equities) segment of the NSE commenced operations in November 1994, while
operations in the Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000. NSE has
played a catalytic role in reforming Indian securities market in terms of
microstructure, market practices and trading volumes. NSE has set up its
trading system as a nation-wide, fully automated screen based trading system.
It has written for itself the mandate to create World-class Stock Exchange and
use it as an instrument of change for the industry as a whole through
competitive pressure

NSE is set up on a demutualised model wherein the ownership, management

and trading rights are in the hands of three different sets of people. This has
completely eliminated any conflict of interest.
NSE was set up with the objectives of:

• Establishing nationwide trading facility for all types of securities

• Ensuring equal access to investors all over the country through an
appropriate telecommunication network
• Providing fair, efficient & transparent securities market using electronic
trading system
• Enabling shorter settlement cycles and book entry settlements
• Meeting International benchmarks and standards

MARKETS OF NSE

Currently, NSE has the following major segments of the capital market:

• Equity
• Futures and Options
• Retail Debt Market
• Wholesale Debt Market

NSE Group

National Securities Clearing Corporation Ltd. (NSCCL)

It is a wholly owned subsidiary, which was incorporated in August 1995 and
commenced clearing operations in April 1996. It was formed to build
confidence in clearing and settlement of securities, to promote and maintain
the short and consitent settlement cycles, to provide a counter-party risk
guarantee and to operate a tight risk containment system.

NSE.IT Ltd.
It is also a wholly owned subsidiary of NSE and is its IT arm. This arm of the
NSE is uniquely positioned to provide products, services and solutions for the
securities industry. NSE.IT primarily focusses on in the area of trading, broker
front-end and back-office, clearing and settlement, web-based, insurance, etc.
Along with this, it also provides consultancy and implementation services in
Data Warehousing, Business Continuity Plans, Site Maintenance and Backups,
Stratus Mainframe Facility Management, Real Time Market Analysis &
Financial News.

India Index Services & Products Ltd. (IISL)

It is a jointventure between NSE and CRISIL Ltd. to provide a variety of indices
and index related services and products for the Indian Capital markets. It was
set up in May 1998. IISL has a consulting and licensing agreement with the
Standard and Poor's (S&P), world's leading provider of investible equity
indices, for co-branding equity indices.

National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL)

NSE joined hands with IDBI and UTI to promote dematerialisation of
securities. This step was taken to solve problems related to trading in physical
securities. It commenced operations in November 1996.

DotEx International Limited

DotEx was formed to provide a well structured inter trading
platform for the members to further offer online trading facilities to
their customers. With this facility, the members can serve a larger
clientele with the use of automated risk management features and
hence increase the volume. The investors also get comprehensive
and updated information through it.

NSE Facts
 • It uses satellite communication technology to energise participation
from
• around 400 cities in India.
• NSE can handle up to 1 million trades per day.
• It is one of the largest interactive VSAT based stock exchanges in the
• world.
• The NSE- network is the largest private wide area network in India and
the
• first extended C- Band VSAT network in the world.
Presently more than 9000 users are trading on the real time-online NSE
application.
In the year 1991 Pherwani Committee recommended to establish National
Stock Exchange
(NSE) in India. In 1992 the Government of India authorized IDBI for
establishing this exchange.

In National Stock Exchange there is trading of equity shares, bonds and

government securities. India's Stock Exchanges particularly National Stock
Exchange has achieved world standards in the recent years. The NSE India
ranked its 3rd position since last four years in terms of total number of trading
per calendar year.
Presently there are 24 stock exchanges in India, out of which 20 have
exchanges National Stock
Exchange (NSE), over the Counter Exchange of India Ltd, (OTCEI) and Inter-
connected Stock Exchange of India limited (ISE) have nationwide trading
facilities.

 Type Stock Exchange

 Location Mumbai, India
 Coordinates 19°3′37″N, 72°51′35″E
National Stock Exchange of
Owner
 India Limited
Abhinay Dutta Managing
 Key people Director
 Currency INR
 No. of listings 1587
 Market Cap US$ 1.46 trillion
S&P CNX Nifty
 Indexes CNX Nifty Junior
S&P CNX 500

INDEX OF NSE
 There are nine Index of NSE.

 S&P CNX Nifty

 CNX IT

 CNX Nifty Junior

 S&P CNX Defty

 Bank Nifty

 CNX Midcap

 S&P CNX 500

 CNX 100

 Nifty Midcap

 CNX 100( S&P CNX Nifty + CNX Nifty Junior)

 CNX 500( CNX 100 + 400 major Players across 72

industries)

 CNX Midcap( introduced on 18 July 2005 replacing CNX

Midcap 200)

Sensex
It is an index that represents the direction of the companies that are traded on
the Bombay Stock Exchange, BSE. The word Sensex comes from sensitive
index. The Sensex captures the increase or decrease in prices of stocks of
companies that it comprises. A number represents this movement. Currently, all
the 30 stocks that make up the Sensex have reached a value of 14,355 points.
These companies represent the myriad sectors of the Indian economy. A few of
these companies and the sector they represent are:ACC (cement)

• Bajaj Auto
• Tata Motors
• Maruti(Automobile)
• Infosys, Wipro
• TCS (information technology)
• ONGC
• Reliance (oil & gas)
• ITC
• HLL (fast moving consumer goods) etc.

Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

A very common name for all traders in the stockmarket, BSE, stands for
Bombay Stock Exchange. The oldest market not only in the country, but also in
Asia. In the early days, BSE was known as "The Native Share & Stock Brokers
Association." It was established in the year 1875 and became the first stock
exchange in the country to be recognised by the government. In 1956, BSE
obtained a permanent recognition from the Government of India under the
Securities Contracts(Regulation)Act,1956.

In the past and even now, it plays a pivotal role in the development of the
country's capital market. This is recognised worldwide and its index,
SENSEX, is also tracked worldwide. Earlier it was an Association of Persons
(AOP), but now it is a demutualised and corporatised entity incorporated
under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, pursuant to the BSE
(Corporatisation and Demutualisation) Scheme, 2005 notified by the
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

BSE Vision
The vision of the Bombay Stock Exchange is to "Emerge as the premier Indian
stock exchange by establishing global benchmarks."

BSE Management
Bombay Stock Exchange is managed professionally by Board of Directors. It
comprises of eminent professionals, representatives of Trading Members and
the Managing Director. The Board is an inclusive one and is shaped to benefit
from the market intermediaries participation. The Board exercises complete
control and formulates larger policy issues. The day-to-day operations of BSE
is managed by the Managing Director and its school of professional as a
management team.

BSE Network
The Exchange reaches physically to 417 cities and towns in the country. The
framework of it has been designed to safeguard market integrity and to
operate with transparency. It provides an efficient market for the trading in
equity, debt instruments and derivatives. Its online trading system, poularly
known as BOLT, is a proprietory system and it is BS 7799-2-2002 certified.
The BOLT network was expanded, nationwide, in 1997. The surveillance and
clearing & settlement functions of the Exchange are ISO 9001:2000 certified.
BSE's International Convention Hall
The Bombay Stock Exchange provides convention hall for listed companies
and other Institutions to hold their Annual/ordinary General Meetings,
Listing ceremonies,Analysand any other important event.
It is centrally located at Mumbai, which can be easily reached from
Churchgate or CST (VT) railway stations. It has a capacity of around 700 to
900 persons with state-of-the-art infrastructure. The hall has Projection
Equipment, Web-cast facility and a Business Room with Facsimile, Internet,
Photocpier and telecom equipment.

BSE Facts
• First in India to introduce Equity Derivatives
• First in India to launch a Free Float Index
• First in India to launch US$ version of BSE Sensex
• First in India to launch Exchange Enabled Internet Trading Platform
• 'BSE On-Line Trading System (BOLT) has been awarded the
globally recognised
• The Information Security Management System standard BS7799-
2:2002.
• First to have an exclusive facility for financial training

Index of BSE
BSE 100 Index

BSE 200 Index

BSE 500 Index

BSE MIDCAP Index

BSE SMLCAP Index

BSE TECk Index
 
BSE PSU Index

BSE AUTO Index

BSE BANKEX

MARKET CAPITALIZATION

Market capitalization refers to the total dollar market value of a

company's outstanding shares of stock. The investment community
uses this figure to determine a company's size instead of sales or total
asset figures. In an acquisition, the market cap is used to determine
whether a takeover candidate represents a good value or not to the
acquirer.

Market capitalization refers to how much a company is worth as

determined by the stock market. It is defined as the total market value
of all outstanding shares.

To calculate a company's market cap, multiply the number of

outstanding shares by the current market value of one share.

LARGE CAP

Large-cap (sometimes called "big cap") refers to a company with a

market capitalization value of more than $10 billion. Large cap is a
shortened version of the term "large market capitalization." Market
capitalization is calculated by multiplying the number of a company's
shares outstanding by its stock price per share. A company's stock is
generally classified as large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap, or micro-cap.
 Characteristics often associated with large-cap stocks include the
following:

1. Transparent: Large-cap companies are typically transparent,

making it easy for investors to find and analyze public information
about them.

2. Dividend payers: Large-cap, stable, established companies are

often the companies investors choose for dividend income
distributions. Their mature market establishment has allowed them to
establish and commit to high dividend payout ratios.

3. Stable and impactful: Large-cap stocks are typically blue-chip

companies at peak business cycle phases, generating established and
stable revenue and earnings. They tend to move with the market
economy because of their size. They are also market leaders. They
produce innovative solutions often with global market operations,
and market news about these companies is typically impactful to the
broad market overall.

MID CAP

Mid-cap (or mid-capitalization) is the term that is used to

designate companies with a market cap (capitalization)—or
market value—between $2 and $10 billion. As the name
implies, a mid-cap company falls in the middle
between large-cap (or big-cap) and small-cap companies.
Classifications, such as large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap are
approximations of a company's current value; as such, they
may change over time.
Most financial advisors suggest that the key to minimizing
risk is a well-diversified portfolio; investors should have a
mix of small-, mid- and large-cap stocks. However, some
investors see mid-cap stocks as a way to diversify risk, as
well. Small-cap stocks offer the most growth potential, but
that growth comes with the most risk. Large-cap stocks offer
the most stability, but they offer lower growth prospects. Mid-
cap stocks represent a hybrid of the two, providing a balance
of growth and stability.
SMALL CAP

Small-cap stock investors are generally looking for up-and-

coming young companies that are growing fast. That is,
they're looking for the large-cap stocks of the future.

CHARACTERISTICS
 A small-cap stock is generally that of a company with a
market capitalization of between $300 million and $2
billion.
 Small-cap stock investors seek to beat institutional
investors by focusing on growth opportunities.
 Small-cap stocks historically have outperformed large-
cap stocks but are also more volatile and riskier.
STOCK MARKET

The term stock market refers to several exchanges in which shares of

publicly held companies are bought and sold. Such financial activities are
conducted through formal exchanges and via over-the-counter (OTC)
marketplaces that operate under a defined set of regulations.

Both “stock market” and “stock exchange” are often used interchangeably.
Traders in the stock market buy or sell shares on one or more of the stock
exchanges that are part of the overall stock market.

The leading U.S. stock exchanges include the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE) and the Nasdaq. The stock market allows buyers and
sellers of securities to meet, interact, and transact. The markets allow for
price discovery for shares of corporations and serve as a barometer for the
overall economy. Buyers and sellers are assured of a fair price, high
degree of liquidity, and transparency as market participants compete in the
open market.

the stock markets act as primary markets an secondary markets.

As a primary market, the stock market allows companies to issue and sell
their shares to the public for the first time through the process of an initial
public offering (IPO). This activity helps companies raise necessary capital
from investors.

A company divides itself into several shares and sells some of those
shares to the public at a price per share.To facilitate this process, a
company needs a marketplace where these shares can be sold and this is
achieved by the stock market. A listed company may also offer new,
additional shares through other offerings at a later stage, such as
through right issues or follow on offerings. They may even buy back
or delist their shares.

Investors will own company shares in the expectation that share value will
rise or that they will receive dividend payments or both. The stock
exchange acts as a facilitator for this capital-raising process and receives
a fee for its services from the company and its financial partners. Using the
stock exchanges, investors can also buy and sell securities they already
own in what is called the secondary market.

Overview
Company Type Public
Broker Type Full Service Broker
Headquarters Chennai
Founder Sri R. Thiagarajan
Established Year 1974
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A research methodology describes the techniques and procedures
used to identify and analyse information regarding a specific research
topic. It is a process by which researchers design their study so that
they can achieve their objectives using the selected research
instruments. It includes all the important aspects of research,
including research design, data collection methods, data analysis
methods, and the overall framework within which the research is
conducted. While these points can help you understand what is
research methodology, you also need to know why it is important to
pick the right methodology.

Why is research methodology important?

 Helps other researchers who may want to replicate your
research; the explanations will be of benefit to them.
 You can easily answer any questions about your research if they
arise at a later stage.
 A research methodology provides a framework and guidelines
for researchers to clearly define research questions, hypotheses,
and objectives.
 It helps researchers identify the most appropriate research
design, sampling technique, and data collection and analysis
methods.
 A sound research methodology helps researchers ensure that
their findings are valid and reliable and free from biases and
errors.
 It also helps ensure that ethical guidelines are followed while
conducting research.
 A good research methodology helps researchers in planning
their research efficiently, by ensuring optimum usage of their
time and resources.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH

1.Quantitative Research

As the name suggests, Quantitative data relies on quantifying a

certain amount or quantity of a specific phenomenon. It focuses on
gathering and analyzing numerical data and can be used to find
averages and patterns or to predict outcomes.
Quantitative Research falls within the two primary categories of
research and relies on numbers. It draws a conclusion using tables,
facts, and graphs. Many scientific and field-based studies primarily
use this form of research.

2. Qualitative Research

It refers to the non-numerical elements in the research. Qualitative

research comes to the rescue when the researcher cannot grasp the
information or data regarding numbers. Though not as reliable as
Quantitative research, qualitative research helps to form a better
summary of theories in the data.
3. Descriptive Research

Descriptive research is a type of analysis that outlines the features of the

population or issues under study. This type of methodology focuses more on the
“what” of the research problem than the “why.” Since the researcher cannot
influence the variables in this research design, they can only report the facts
precisely as they occurred or are occurring.
The primary methods used in descriptive research include observations,
surveys, and case studies. One can use many variables in descriptive research to
explain the facts.
Its advantages include
a) being effective at analyzing topics and issues that cannot rely on numbers,
b) being observable in an unaltered natural environment, and
c) taking less time than quantitative experiments.
4. Analytical Research
Analytical research uses proven facts to form the basis for the research.
Researchers frequently research to find supporting data that strengthens and
authenticates their earlier findings. Also, it helps to develop new concepts
related to the research subject. Thus, analytical research combines minute
details to produce more tenable hypotheses. The analytical study thus explains
why a claim is valid.
There are various ways to conduct this research, including meta-analysis,
literary or scientific trials, and learning about public opinion.

5. Applied Research
Action research that only studies one domain and usually generalizes the findings is called
applied research. The researcher regards the variables as constant, and the researcher
forecasts, making the methods easy to find in applied research.
Applied research aims to solve a current issue facing society or a business/industrial
organization. Applied research is considered non-systematic inquiry; a business, government
body, or individual typically conducts this research to address a particular issue.

6. Fundamental Research

Formulating a theory and generalizations are the primary concerns of

fundamental research. It seeks to discover facts with various applications,
supplementing the ideas already known in a specific field or industry.
Several domains are connected, aiming to discover how one can change
traditional things or develop something new. One can find the summary in
everyday language and apply logical findings in the research.

7. Exploratory Research
Theories and their explanation are the basis of Exploratory Research. Its goal is
only to investigate the study questions, not to provide definitive and conclusive
solutions to current problems.
Exploratory research seeks to increase our understanding of the issue rather than offering conclusive
evidence. The structure is improper, and the methods offer a flexible and investigative approach.
Therefore, one does not test the hypothesis, and the results do not help the
outside world. The findings are usually a related topic, which helps improve the
research.

8. Conclusive Research

Conclusive research has a clear design in the methodology and intends to

answer the research question. A well-thought-out structure helps formulate and
solve the hypotheses and gives the results. The results are generic here.
Furthermore, it is essential to establish this study’s research objectives and data
requirements, as conclusive research findings typically have a specific purpose.
The results of exploratory studies can be validated and quantified using a
conclusive research design.
A conclusive research design typically employs quantitative methods of data
collection and analysis. In addition, conclusive research frequently takes a
deductive research approach.

9. Primary Research vs. Secondary Research

The researchers gather new data for primary research. The research classifies
as primary when the researcher collects information on a certain topic for the
first time. Surveys, interviews, and observation are common ways of gathering
data.
On the other hand, secondary research uses previously gathered data through
primary research. Books, magazines, trade journals, and other media majorly
serve as secondary data sources. Moreover, the researcher does not gather
primary data in this case.

Research Design
Definition:

Research design refers to the overall strategy or plan for conducting a research
study. It outlines the methods and procedures that will be used to collect and
analyze data, as well as the goals and objectives of the study. Research design is
important because it guides the entire research process and ensures that the
study is conducted in a systematic and rigorous manner.
 Structure of Research Design
The format of a research design typically includes the following sections:
Introduction: This section provides an overview of the research problem, the
research questions, and the importance of the study. It also includes a brief
literature review that summarizes previous research on the topic and identifies
gaps in the existing knowledge.
Research Questions or Hypotheses: This section identifies the specific
research questions or hypotheses that the study will address. These questions
should be clear, specific, and testable.
Research Methods: This section describes the methods that will be used to
collect and analyze data. It includes details about the study design, the sampling
strategy, the data collection instruments, and the data analysis techniques.
Data Collection: This section describes how the data will be collected,
including the sample size, data collection procedures, and any ethical
considerations.
Data Analysis: This section describes how the data will be analyzed, including
the statistical techniques that will be used to test the research questions or
hypotheses.
Results: This section presents the findings of the study, including descriptive
statistics and statistical tests.
Discussion and Conclusion: This section summarizes the key findings of the
study, interprets the results, and discusses the implications of the findings. It
also includes recommendations for future research.
References: This section lists the sources cited in the research design.

Purpose of Research Design

The purpose of research design is to plan and structure a research study in a way
that enables the researcher to achieve the desired research goals with accuracy,
validity, and reliability. Research design is the blueprint or the framework for
conducting a study that outlines the methods, procedures, techniques, and tools
for data collection and analysis.
 Providing a clear and concise plan of action for the research study.
 Ensuring that the research is conducted ethically and with rigor.
 Maximizing the accuracy and reliability of the research findings.
 Minimizing the possibility of errors, biases, or confounding variables.
 Ensuring that the research is feasible, practical, and cost-effective.
 Determining the appropriate research methodology to answer the research
question(s).
 Identifying the sample size, sampling method, and data collection
techniques.
 Determining the data analysis method and statistical tests to be used.
 Facilitating the replication of the study by other researchers.
 Enhancing the validity and generalizability of the research findings.

Applications of Research Design

 There are numerous applications of research design in various
fields, some of which are:
 Social sciences: In fields such as psychology, sociology, and
anthropology, research design is used to investigate human
behavior and social phenomena. Researchers use various
research designs, such as experimental, quasi-experimental, and
correlational designs, to study different aspects of social
behavior.
 Education: Research design is essential in the field of education
to investigate the effectiveness of different teaching methods
and learning strategies. Researchers use various designs such as
experimental, quasi-experimental, and case study designs to
understand how students learn and how to improve teaching
practices.
 Health sciences: In the health sciences, research design is used
to investigate the causes, prevention, and treatment of diseases.
Researchers use various designs, such as randomized controlled
trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies, to study different
aspects of health and healthcare.
 Business: Research design is used in the field of business to
investigate consumer behavior, marketing strategies, and the
impact of different business practices. Researchers use various
designs, such as survey research, experimental research, and
case studies, to study different aspects of the business world.
 Engineering: In the field of engineering, research design is used
to investigate the development and implementation of new
technologies. Researchers use various designs, such as
experimental research and case studies, to study the
effectiveness of new technologies and to identify areas for
improvement.

Advantages of Research Design

Here are some advantages of research design:

 Systematic and organized approach: A well-designed research

plan ensures that the research is conducted in a systematic and
organized manner, which makes it easier to manage and analyze
the data.
 Clear objectives: The research design helps to clarify the
objectives of the study, which makes it easier to identify the
variables that need to be measured, and the methods that need to
be used to collect and analyze data.
 Minimizes bias: A well-designed research plan minimizes the
chances of bias, by ensuring that the data is collected and
analyzed objectively, and that the results are not influenced by
the researcher’s personal biases or preferences.
 Efficient use of resources: A well-designed research plan helps
to ensure that the resources (time, money, and personnel) are
used efficiently and effectively, by focusing on the most
important variables and methods.
 Replicability: A well-designed research plan makes it easier for
other researchers to replicate the study, which enhances the
credibility and reliability of the findings.
 Validity: A well-designed research plan helps to ensure that the
findings are valid, by ensuring that the methods used to collect
and analyze data are appropriate for the research question.
 Generalizability: A well-designed research plan helps to ensure
that the findings can be generalized to other populations,
settings, or situations, which increases the external validity of
the study.

DATA
Data leads a life of its own quite independent of datum, of which it was
originally the plural. It occurs in two constructions: as a plural noun
(like earnings), taking a plural verb and plural modifiers (such as these, many, a
few) but not cardinal numbers, and serving as a referent for plural pronouns
(such as they, them); and as an abstract mass noun (like information), taking a
singular verb and singular modifiers (such as this, much, little), and being
referred to by a singular pronoun (it). Both constructions are standard. The
plural construction is more common in print, evidently because the house style
of several publishers mandates it.

TYPES OF DATA

 Primary data
It is the data that is collected for the first time through personal experiences or
evidence, particularly for research. It is also described as raw data or first-hand
information. The mode of assembling the information is costly, as the analysis is
done by an agency or an external organisation, and needs human resources and
investment. The investigator supervises and controls the data collection process
directly.
The data is mostly collected through observations, physical testing, mailed
questionnaires, surveys, personal interviews, telephonic interviews, case studies,
and focus groups, etc.

 Secondary Data
Secondary data is a second-hand data that is already collected and
recorded by some researchers for their purpose, and not for the current
research problem. It is accessible in the form of data collected from
different sources such as government publications, censuses, internal
records of the organisation, books, journal articles, websites and
reports, etc.
This method of gathering data is affordable, readily available, and
saves cost and time. However, the one disadvantage is that the
information assembled is for some other purpose and may not meet
the present research purpose or may not be accurate.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND

SECONDARY DATA

SAMPLE
A sample is a small part of something that either
represents a bigger whole or is designed to let you try
something out. You might ask to try a sample of an
exotic ice cream flavor before committing to buying a
whole cone. Sample comes from the Old
French essample, meaning "example." In social science
experiments, researchers try to find a sample of people
to study that is representative of the intended population
as a whole. At the grocery store, you might be given a
sample of peanut butter on a little cracker to entice you
to buy it. In that case, you are given the chance to
sample, or taste, the product.

A sample is a smaller set of data that a researcher

chooses or selects from a larger population using a pre-
defined selection bias method. These elements are
known as sample points, sampling units, or
observations.

Creating a sample is an efficient method of

conducting research. Researching the whole population
is often impossible, costly, and time-consuming. Hence,
examining the sample provides insights the researcher
can apply to the entire population.

For example, if a cell phone manufacturer wants to

conduct a feature research study among students in US
Universities. An in-depth research study must be
conducted if the researcher is looking for features that
the students use, features they would like to see, and the
price they are willing to pay.

TYPES OF SAMPLE

 Simple random sampling: The most straightforward way of selecting a

sample is simple random sampling. In this method, each member has an
equal chance of participating in the study. The objects in this sample
population are chosen randomly, and each member has the same
probability of being selected. For example, if a university dean would like
to collect feedback from students about their perception of the teachers
and level of education, all 1000 students in the University could be a part
of this sample. Any 100 students can be selected randomly to be a part of
this sample.

 Cluster sampling: Cluster sampling is a type of sampling method where

the respondent population is divided into equal clusters. Clusters are
identified and included in a sample based on defining demographic
parameters such as age, location, sex, etc. This makes it extremely easy
for a survey creator to derive practical inferences from the feedback. For
 example, if the FDA wants to collect data about adverse side effects from
drugs, they can divide the mainland US into distinctive cluster analysis,
like states. Research studies are then administered to respondents in these
clusters. This type of generating a sample makes the data collection in-
depth and provides easy-to-consume and act-upon, insights.

 Systematic sampling: Systematic sampling is a sampling method where

the researcher chooses respondents at equal intervals from a population.
The approach to selecting the sample is to pick a starting point and then
pick respondents at a pre-defined sample interval. For example, while
selecting 1,000 volunteers for the Olympics from an application list of
10,000 people, each applicant is given a count of 1 to 10,000. Then
starting from 1 and selecting each respondent with an interval of 10, a
sample of 1,000 volunteers can be obtained.

 Stratified random sampling: Stratified random sampling is a method of

dividing the respondent population into distinctive but pre-defined
parameters in the research design phase. In this method, the respondents
don’t overlap but collectively represent the whole population. For
example, a researcher looking to analyse people from different
socioeconomic backgrounds can distinguish respondents by their annual
salaries. This forms smaller groups of people or samples, and then some
objects from these samples can be used for the research study.

 Convenience sampling: Convenience sampling, in easy terms, stands for

the convenience of a researcher accessing a respondent. There is no
scientific method for deriving this sample. Researchers have nearly no
authority over selecting the sample elements, and it’s purely done based
on proximity and not representativeness.

This non-probability sampling method is used when there is time and

costs limitations in collecting feedback. For example, researchers that are
conducting a mall-intercept survey to understand the probability of using
a fragrance from a perfume manufacturer. In this sampling method, the
sample respondents are chosen based on their proximity to the survey
desk and willingness to participate in the research.
 Judgemental/purposive sampling: The judgemental or purposive
sampling method is a method of developing a sample purely on the basis
and discretion of the researcher purely, based on the nature of the study
along with his/her understanding of the target audience. This sampling
method selects people who only fit the research criteria and end
objectives, and the remaining are kept out.

For example, if the research topic is understanding what University a

student prefers for Masters, if the question asked is “Would you like to do
your Masters?” anything other than a response, “Yes” to this question,
everyone else is excluded from this study.

 Snowball sampling: Snowball sampling or chain-referral sampling is

defined as a non-probability sampling technique in which the samples
have rare traits. This is a sampling technique in which existing subjects
provide referrals to recruit samples required for a research study.

 For example, while collecting feedback about a sensitive topic like AIDS,
respondents aren’t forthcoming with information. In this case, the
researcher can recruit people with an understanding or knowledge of such
people and collect information from them or ask them to collect
information.

 Quota sampling: Quota sampling is a method of collecting a sample

where the researcher has the liberty to select a sample based on their
strata. The primary characteristic of this method is that two people cannot
exist under two different conditions. For example, when a shoe
manufacturer would like to understand millennials’ perception of the
brand with other parameters like comfort, pricing, etc. It selects only
females who are millennials for this study as the research objective is to
collect feedback about women’s shoes.

Sampling Advantages
As shown above, there are many advantages to sampling. Some of the most
significant advantages are:

 Reduced cost & time: Since using a sample reduces the number of
people that have to be reached out to, it reduces cost and time. Imagine
the time saved between researching with a population of millions vs.
conducting a research study using a sample.

 Reduced resource deployment: It is obvious that if the number of

people involved in a research study is much lower due to the sample, the
resources required are also much less. The workforce needed to research
the sample is much less than the workforce needed to study the whole
population.

 Accuracy of data: Since the sample indicates the population, the data
collected is accurate. Also, since the respondent is willing to participate,
the survey dropout rate is much lower, which increases the validity and
accuracy of the data.

 Intensive & exhaustive data: Since there are lesser respondents, the data
collected from a sample is intense and thorough. More time and effort are
given to each respondent rather than collecting data from many people.

 Apply properties to a larger population: Since the sample is indicative

of the broader population, it is safe to say that the data collected and
analysed from the sample can be applied to the larger population, which
would hold true.

Research Process Steps

The research process consists of a series of systematic procedures that
a researcher must go through in order to generate knowledge that will
be considered valuable by the project and focus on the relevant topic.
To conduct effective research, you must understand the research
process steps and follow them. Here are a few steps in the research
process to make it easier for you:

Step 1: Identify the Problem

Finding an issue or formulating a research question is the first step. A
well-defined research problem will guide the researcher through all
stages of the research process, from setting objectives to choosing a
technique. There are a number of approaches to get insight into a
topic and gain a better understanding of it. Such as:
A preliminary survey
Case studies
Interviews with a small group of people
Observational survey

Step 2: Evaluate the Literature

A thorough examination of the relevant studies is essential to
the research process. It enables the researcher to identify the precise
aspects of the problem. Once a problem has been found, the
investigator or researcher needs to find out more about it.
This stage gives problem-zone background. It teaches the investigator
about previous research, how they were conducted, and its
conclusions. The researcher can build consistency between his work
and others through a literature review. Such a review exposes the
researcher to a more significant body of knowledge and helps him
follow the research process efficiently.
Step 3: Create Hypotheses
Formulating an original hypothesis is the next logical step after
narrowing down the research topic and defining it. A belief solves
logical relationships between variables. In order to establish a
hypothesis, a researcher must have a certain amount of expertise in
the field.
It is important for researchers to keep in mind while formulating a
hypothesis that it must be based on the research topic. Researchers are
able to concentrate their efforts and stay committed to their objectives
when they develop theories to guide their work.

Step 4: The Research Design

Research design is the plan for achieving objectives and answering
research questions. It outlines how to get the relevant information. Its
goal is to design research to test hypotheses, address the research
questions, and provide decision-making insights.
The research design aims to minimize the time, money, and effort
required to acquire meaningful evidence. This plan fits into four
categories:
Exploration and Surveys
Experiment
Data Analysis
Observation

Step 5: Describe Population

Research projects usually look at a specific group of people, facilities,
or how technology is used in the business. In research, the term
population refers to this study group. The research topic and purpose
help determine the study group.
Suppose a researcher wishes to investigate a certain group of people
in the community. In that case, the research could target a specific age
group, males or females, a geographic location, or an ethnic group. A
final step in a study’s design is to specify its sample or population so
that the results may be generalized.

Step 6: Data Collection

Data collection is important in obtaining the knowledge or
information required to answer the research issue. Every research
collected data, either from the literature or the people being studied.
Data must be collected from the two categories of researchers. These
sources may provide primary data.
Experiment
Questionnaire
Observation
Interview
Secondary data categories are:
Literature survey
Official, unofficial reports
An approach based on library resources

Step 7: Data Analysis

During research design, the researcher plans data analysis. After
collecting data, the researcher analyzes it. The data is examined based
on the approach in this step. The research findings are reviewed and
reported.
Data analysis involves a number of closely related stages, such as
setting up categories, applying these categories to raw data through
coding and tabulation, and then drawing statistical conclusions. The
researcher can examine the acquired data using a variety of statistical
methods.

Step 8: The Report-writing

After completing these steps, the researcher must prepare a report
detailing his findings. The report must be carefully composed with the
following in mind.

SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size is defined as the number of observations used for
determining the estimations of a given population. The size of the
sample has been drawn from the population. Sampling is the process
of selection of a subset of individuals from the population to estimate
the characteristics of the whole population. The number of entities in
a subset of a population is selected for analysis.
Small Sample Size
Sometimes the sample size can be very small. When the sample size
is small (n < 30), we use the t distribution in place of the normal
distribution. If the population variance is unknown and the sample
size is small, then we use the t statistic to test the null hypothesis with
both one-tailed and two-tailed,

Large Sample Size

Generate for more accurate estimates but large sample size might
cause difficulties in interpreting the usual tests of significance, and the
same problem may arise in case of very small sample size. Thus,
neither too large nor too small sample sizes help research projects.

ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNAIRE
I have conducted this survey from 70 people almost out of which only 50
responded.

Q1.How often you trade?

a.daily
b.weekly
c.monthly
d.occasionally

RESULTS

daily weekly monthly occasionally

Q2.From where you used to trade?

a.home
b.stock broking office
c.workplace
d.through mobile app
 Sales

home stock broking office

mobile app workplace

Q3.For how many years you are doing the online share trading?
a.less than a year
b.2-3years
c.4-5years
d.more than 5years

RESULTS

less than a year 2-3years 4-5years more than 5 years

Q4. In which stock exchange you prefer to trade mostly?

a.BSE
b.NSE
c.BOTH a and b
d.Other
 RESULTS

BSE NSE BOTH a and b others

Q5. What type of trading you prefer to do?

a.day trading
b.position trading
c.swing trading
d.others
Sales

day trading position swing others

Q6. How did you come to know about online share trading?
a.reference by friends
b.advertisements
c.financial consultants
d.magazines
 RESULTS

advertisements financial consultants

magazines friends

Q7. Is online trading user friendly compared to offline trading?

a.Strongly agree
b.Agree
c.Strongly disagree
d.Disagree

RESULTS

strongly agree agree strongly disagree disagree

Q8. Is online trading less time consuming compare to offline trading?

a.Strongly agree
b.Agree
c.Strongly disagree
d.Disagree

RESULT

STRONGLY AGREE AGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE DISAGREE

Q9. Where did you get best advice for online trading ?
a.Magazines
b.Share brokers
c.Friends
d.television

RESULT

MAGAZINES SHARE BROKERS FRIENDS TELEVISION

Q10.Do you recommend online trading to others?
a.may be
b.yes
c.may not be
d.no

RESULTS

MAY BE YES MAY NOT BE NO

 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

 The investor is able to know the risk and returns of

the share by using Online trading.
 It is useful to each and every investor who wants
long and short-term Investments
 Estimating future EPS good result in future
 Investor must have a basic idea about the computer
operations.
 It is very must have a basic idea about the computer
operations.
 The result of analysis is proving correctly in the
matter of price movements.
 Avoid buying shares of a company with an equity
capital of less then Rs. 1crore.
 Avoid buying shares of a company with number of
shareholders.
 Investors must show interest in steady and fast
growing shares only.
 If the investor is confident of EPS moving up
 CONCLUSION
In the present scenario to compete with the Broker’s
would require sound infrastructure and trading as per
international standards. The concept of business has
changed today, this is a service oriented industry hence
the survival would require them to provide the best
possible service to the clients. The benefits of
depository system are significant. Introduction of
depositories will improve the market efficiency, through
adopting criteria for describing scrip depositors eligible.
If the company is not able to meet the criteria , the
company gels to be shifted to paper based market. This
leads to falloff image of the company. Hence, the
company will try their best to reach the eligible criteria
to move into system. Secondly, the paper management
will substantially reduce. This helps in savings in time
for allotment/transfer of scripts. This improves internal
systems effectively. Thirdly, the intensity of trading in
the script is likely to increase substantially. The
experiences of the developed countries, these who are
introduced the depository system, shows that there will
be around 5 to 6 times increase in the turnover. This
happens due to investors indulging more and more in
buying and selling even for marginal trading profits.
Fourthly, the cost of bad deliveries, forged share
certificates and unproductive back office activity will
vanish for corporate. Last but not least, the depository
system will bring in a sea change in corporate
democracy, particularly in corporate management price
discovery in market place and proxy exercise etc
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