Sample Reference Project
Sample Reference Project
PROJECT
INCREASING MANUFACTURING
PROBLEM STATEMENT
PROBLEM DIRECT IMPACT
The clients of Mohak Industries have
As per contractual obligation, Mohak has
raised their demand & unfortunately
been paying a penalty of INR 10 Lakhs
Mohak Industries has not been able
per month for not meeting the agreed
to meet the new increased demand
service level agreement criteria.
of 175 kg per day production.
kg
premium clients and the
competitors of Mohak have 130
upscaled their production and are 1 2 3 4 5
meeting the target. week
SIX SIGMA
A set of quality tools used to improve business processes by reducing defects and
errors and increasing efficiency
MEASURE IMPROVE
Critical To Quality
Project Charter
AGENDA
OF DEFINE Communication Plan
PHASE RACI chart
SIPOC
VOICE OF CUSTOMER
CRITICAL TO QUALITY
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Mohak Industries has been pioneer in fabrication works. Off lately, the clients of Mohak Industries have raised their demand & unfortunately Mohak Industries has not been able to
meet the new increased demand of 175 kg per day production. Despite of several process improvement initiatives the situation hasn't improved. A six sigma project is required to revive
the condition as if this continues then Mohak Industries might loose premium clients and the competitors of Mohak have upscaled their production and are meeting the target. As per
contractual obligation, Mohak has been paying a penalty of INR 10 Lakhs per month for not meeting the agreed service level agreement criteria.
Man power, Time, Money - 4 lakhs Penalty amount, Production, Customer satisfaction - 70 lakhs/yr
Manufacturing Head
(Leader - Black Belt)
The person who makes the final decision and has the
Ms. Snehayaazhini
Mr. Mohan Kumar
Approve
Mr. Pandiyarajan
Mr. Kotteswaran
ultimate ownership
HR Manager
Mr. Vignesh
(Sponsor)
The person who provides necessary help and
Support support to the owner
The person who must be informed that a decision or
Informed action has been taken
The person who must be consulted before a final
Consulted decision is taken
Activities
Define
VOC/ CTQ chart A R S S
Project Charter A S R C I
SIPOC R S
Communication Plan I S S R I I
Tollgate review A A R
Measure
Data collection plan A S R
MSA R I
Collect data A S R C I
Analyze
Identification of potential C S R I
Hypothesis test C R S
Tollgate review A R
Improve
Generate solution A R S
Prioritize the solution A R S
Test solution R S
Before and after analysis A S R I
Control Phase
Control chart R S
Cost benefit analysis A C R S I I
Tollgate review A R S
SIPOC / COPIS
Dispatch
Cause & Effect diagram
Measurement System
AGENDA OF Analysis (MSA)
Operator
Machine type
Supervisor
Total change
over time Client
Vendor
PRODUCTION
RATE
Types of part Heating time
manufactured Cooling time
QC testing
delay Rework Down time
count
Moulding
Types of pressure
material used Shift
10 Total Down Time Process of down time in min X Continous - Variable - Quantitative 70 NA
MSA :
The data is collected directly from a reliable source ( Online server/CRM) ,
and no people were involved.
Therefore, we need not to conduct Measurement System Analysis (MSA)
NORMALITY TEST
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Sigma Level
Calculation = (Cpk x 3) + 1.5
= (-1.48 x 3) + 1.5
= -4.44 + 1.5
= -2.94
Identification of
potential Xs data
Analyzing Hypothesis
Test
AGENDA OF
ANALYZE Summary of
PHASE P-Value
Result of Hypothesis
Test
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL Xs
Hypothesis Graphical
Sl.No. Potential Xs Definition of name No. of Groups Category of data Test Name
Test Tool
Operator who handle shifts Discrete - Nominal -
1 Operator 4 Bartlett Test ANOVA Interval Plot
in group Qualitative
Discrete - Binary -
2 Shift Type of shifts in group 2 F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot
Qualitative
Type of Injection machine in Discrete - Binary -
3 Machine Type 2 F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot
group Qualitative
Part Manufactured Various model of part Discrete - Nominal -
4 5 Bartlett Test ANOVA Interval Plot
Type manufactured in group Qualitative
Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
5 Heating Time Heating process time in min NA Correlation Scatter Plot
Quantitative tabulation
Injection
Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
6 Moulding Pressure of moulding in bar NA Correlation Scatter Plot
Quantitative tabulation
Pressure
Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
7 Cooling Time Cooling process time in min NA Correlation Scatter Plot
Quantitative tabulation
Total Changeover Overall time taken for Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
8 NA Correlation Scatter Plot
Time changeover in min Quantitative tabulation
Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
9 Total Down Time Process of down time in min NA Correlation Scatter Plot
Quantitative tabulation
No. of parts reworked in Chi square Cross
10 Rework Counts NA Discrete - Quantitative Correlation Scatter Plot
count tabulation
Discrete - Nominal -
11 Client Customer in group 3 Bartlett Test ANOVA Box Plot
Qualitative
Supervisor handles shift in Discrete - Binary -
12 Supervisor 2 F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot
group Qualitative
Type of material used in Discrete - Nominal -
13 Material used 4 Bartlett Test ANOVA Box Plot
group Qualitative
Vendor for raw Vendors for buying raw Discrete - Nominal -
14 3 Bartlett Test ANOVA Box Plot
materials materials in group Qualitative
Whether QC tested the Discrete - Binary -
15 QC Testing Delay 2 F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot
samples (Y/N) Qualitative
ANALYZING HYPOTHESIS TEST
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Method :
Null hypothesis - All variances are equal
Alternative hypothesis - At least one variance is
different
Significance level α = 0.05
Tests :
Multiple Comparisons
P-Value - 0.930
Levene’s Test
P-Value - 0.978
Test :
Null hypothesis H₀: μ₁ - µ₂ = 0
Alternative hypothesis H₁: μ₁ - µ₂ ≠ 0
T-Value DF P-Value
2.44 67 0.018
ANALYZING HYPOTHESIS TEST
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Method :
μ₁: population mean of Production (kg) when Machine
Type = HexAlpha German
µ₂: population mean of Production (kg) when Machine
Type = Trident Japan
Difference: μ₁ - µ₂
Equal variances are not assumed for this analysis.
Test :
Null hypothesis H₀: μ₁ - µ₂ = 0
Alternative hypothesis H₁: μ₁ - µ₂ ≠ 0
T-Value DF P-Value
2.62 67 0.011
ANALYZING HYPOTHESIS TEST
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Method :
Null hypothesis - All means are equal
Alternative hypothesis - Not all means are equal
Significance level α = 0.05
Equal variances were assumed for the analysis.
Analysis of Variance :
Source DF Adj SS F-Value P-Value
Part Type 4 65.32 0.30 0.874
Error 65 3491.60
Total 69 3556.92
Means :
Part
Type N Mean StDev 95% CI
SKU0045 14 139.45 8.05 (135.54, 143.37)
SKU0048 14 139.48 5.17 (135.57, 143.39)
SKU0082 7 136.50 7.36 (130.97, 142.03)
SKU0099 21 137.89 8.42 (134.70, 141.08)
SKU0135 14 137.95 6.55 (134.04, 141.86)
Pooled StDev = 7.32919
ANALYZING HYPOTHESIS TEST
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Correlations :
Production (kg)
Heating Time 0.862
Correlations :
Production (kg)
Injection Moulding Pressure -0.848
Correlations :
Production(kg)
Cooling Time 0.063
Correlations :
Production (kg)
Change Over Time 0.196
Correlations :
Production (kg)
Total Downtime 0.159
Correlations :
Production (kg)
Rework Counts -0.068
Method :
Null hypothesis - All means are equal
Alternative hypothesis - Not all means are equal
Significance level α = 0.05
Equal variances were assumed for the analysis.
Analysis of Variance :
Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value
Client 2 20.62 10.31 0.20 0.823
Error 67 3536.30 52.78
Total 69 3556.92
Means :
Client N Mean StDev 95% CI
Drishti Artworks 23 138.90 6.67 (135.87, 141.92)
Tata Sons 24 138.64 8.04 (135.68, 141.60)
Vishal Fabric 23 137.63 6.97 (134.61, 140.66)
Pooled StDev = 7.26502
ANALYZING HYPOTHESIS TEST
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Method :
μ₁: population mean of Production (kg) when
Supervisor = Ajit Kumar
µ₂: population mean of Production (kg) when
Supervisor = Vikram Singh
Difference: μ₁ - µ₂
Equal variances are not assumed for this analysis.
Test :
Null hypothesis H₀: μ₁ - µ₂ = 0
Alternative hypothesis H₁: μ₁ - µ₂ ≠ 0
T-Value DF P-Value
-1.62 67 0.110
ANALYZING HYPOTHESIS TEST
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Method :
Null hypothesis All means are equal
Alternative hypothesis Not all means are equal
Significance level α = 0.05
Equal variances were assumed for the analysis.
Analysis of Variance :
Source DF Adj SS F-Value P-Value
Material Used 3 459.5 3.26 0.027
Error 66 3097.4
Total 69 3556.9
Means :
Material N Mean StDev 95% CI
Trans I - 002 18 142.55 5.32 (139.33, 145.78)
Trans I - 010 18 136.81 7.08 (133.58, 140.03)
VMX0820 17 138.12 6.80 (134.80, 141.43)
XMAT66 17 135.95 8.00 (132.63, 139.27)
Pooled StDev = 6.85060
ANALYZING HYPOTHESIS TEST
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Method :
Null hypothesis All means are equal
Alternative hypothesis Not all means are equal
Significance level α = 0.05
Equal variances were assumed for the analysis.
Analysis of Variance :
Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value
Vendor 2 57.91 28.95 0.55 0.577
Error 67 3499.01 52.22
Total 69 3556.92
Means :
Vendor N Mean StDev 95% CI
Anand Enterprise 23 137.36 7.71 (134.35, 140.37)
JJ Packers 24 139.56 7.67 (136.62, 142.50)
Lal Chand Works 23 138.21 6.17 (135.20, 141.22)
Pooled StDev = 7.226620
ANALYZING HYPOTHESIS TEST
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Method :
μ₁: population mean of Production (kg) when QC
Testing Delay = No
µ₂: population mean of Production (kg) when QC
Testing Delay = Yes
Difference: μ₁ - µ₂
Equal variances are not assumed for this analysis.
Test :
Null hypothesis H₀: μ₁ - µ₂ = 0
Alternative hypothesis H₁: μ₁ - µ₂ ≠ 0
T-Value DF P-Value
-0.35 30 0.725
SUMMARY OF P-VALUE
No. of Hypothesis Graphical
Sl.No. Potential Xs Definition of name Category of data Test Name P-Value Result
Groups Test Tool
Operator who handle shifts in Discrete - Nominal -
1 Operator 4 Bartlett Test ANOVA Interval Plot 0.978 Insignificant
group Qualitative
Discrete - Binary -
2 Shift Type of shifts in group 2 F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot 0.018 Significant
Qualitative
Type of Injection machine in Discrete - Binary -
3 Machine Type 2 F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot 0.011 Significant
group Qualitative
Various model of part Discrete - Nominal -
4 Part Manufactured Type 5 Bartlett Test ANOVA Interval Plot 0.874 Insignificant
manufactured in group Qualitative
Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
5 Heating Time Heating process time in min NA Correlation Scatter Plot 0.000 Significant
Quantitative tabulation
Injection Moulding Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
6 Pressure of moulding in bar NA Correlation Scatter Plot 0.000 Significant
Pressure Quantitative tabulation
Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
7 Cooling Time Cooling process time in min NA Correlation Scatter Plot 0.605 Insignificant
Quantitative tabulation
Overall time taken for Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
8 Total Changeover Time NA Correlation Scatter Plot 0.104 Insignificant
changeover in min Quantitative tabulation
Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
9 Total Down Time Process of down time in min NA Correlation Scatter Plot 0.188 Insignificant
Quantitative tabulation
No. of parts reworked in Chi square Cross
10 Rework Counts NA Discrete - Quantitative Correlation Scatter Plot 0.574 Insignificant
count tabulation
Discrete - Nominal -
11 Client Customer in group 3 Bartlett Test ANOVA Box Plot 0.823 Insignificant
Qualitative
Supervisor handles shift in Discrete - Binary -
12 Supervisor 2 F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot 0.110 Insignificant
group Qualitative
Type of material used in Discrete - Nominal -
13 Material used 4 Bartlett Test ANOVA Box Plot 0.027 Significant
group Qualitative
Vendors for buying raw Discrete - Nominal -
14 Vendor for raw materials 3 Bartlett Test ANOVA Box Plot 0.577 Insignificant
materials in group Qualitative
Whether QC tested the Discrete - Binary -
15 QC Testing Delay 2 F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot 0.725 Insignificant
samples (Y/N) Qualitative
RESULT OF HYPOTHESIS TEST
Hypothesis Graphical
Sl.No. Potential Xs Category of data Test Name P-Value Result
Test Tool
Discrete - Binary -
2 Shift F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot 0.018 Significant
Qualitative
Discrete - Binary -
3 Machine Type F Test 2 Sample T Box Plot 0.011 Significant
Qualitative
Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
5 Heating Time Correlation Scatter Plot 0.000 Significant
Quantitative tabulation
Injection Moulding Continous - Variable - Chi square Cross
6 Correlation Scatter Plot 0.000 Significant
Pressure Quantitative tabulation
Discrete - Nominal -
13 Material used Bartlett Test ANOVA Box Plot 0.027 Significant
Qualitative
Statistical Test
Interpretation
Risk Priority
Potential Solutions
AGENDA OF
IMPROVE Weekly Improvement
PHASE Before & After
comparison
MATERIAL USED :
Trans I – 002 material has highest mean and XMAT66 material
has lowest mean when compared to other materials
RISK PRIORITY
RISK PRIORITY
Risk Priority
Severity Occurance Detection
Sl.No. Risk Area Cause Number (RPN)
(S) (O) (D)
SxOxD
Production average is low in
1 Shift 8 7 7 392
night shift
Production average is low in
2 Machine Type 9 6 7 378
Trident Japan machine
Production is low when
3 Heating Time 7 8 5 280
heating time is low
Production is low when
4 Moulding Pressure 6 8 8 384
Moulding Pressure is high
XMAT66 material has lowest
5 Material Type 7 6 7 294
average of production
POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
PROBLEM:
2. Production average is low in Night Shift
PROBLEM:
3. Production average is low in Trident Japan machine
PROBLEM:
5. Production is low when heating time is low
PROBLEM:
6. Production is low when Injection Moulding Pressure is high
PROBLEM:
13. XMAT66 material has lowest average of production
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
Average of production kg/day is
increased from 138.4kg to
178.8kg in week 3 as shown.
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
The graph shows the difference between the Probability plot of Old data and Improved data by Anderson Darling Test
BEFORE AND AFTER ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
The P-Value of Old Y and Improved Y is 0.000.
Since the P-Value is lesser than 0.05, it shows significant difference between them
SIGMA LEVEL COMPARISON
3
SIGMA LEVEL COMPARISON SIGMA LEVEL COMPARISON
2.19
1.5 After After Improved
DETAIL Old Y
Week1 Week 2 Y
0 -0.3 -0.33
Old Y After Week1 After Week 2 Improved Y Cpk -1.48 -0.60 -0.61 0.23
-1.5
Cpk*3 -4.44 -1.8 -1.83 0.69
-3 -2.94
Sigma Level
-2.94 -0.3 -0.33 2.19
{(Cpk*3)+1.5}
-4.5
CONCLUSION OF TEST :
The graph shows that Sigma Level is drastically improved from -2.94 to 2.19
Control Plan
Control Chart
AGENDA OF Comparison
S W
STRENGTHS : WEAKNESS :
➢ Resources will be trained ➢ Temporary improvement
➢ Scope of improvement
SWOT
OPPORTUNITIES : THREATS :
➢ Can increase more projects ➢ Customer demand may
from customers increase
➢ Company revenue may
increase
O T
Project Benefits
TANGIBLE
BENEFITS
Production Safety
Delivery Morale
INTANGIBLE
BENEFITS
Personality Interpersonal
Development Communication Leadership Relationship
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
➢ MENTOR
➢ SPONSER
➢ CHAMPION
➢ MANUFACTURING HEAD
➢ QUALITY HEAD
➢ MAINTENANCE HEAD
➢ SITE HEAD