Architectural

Woodwork Standards

FINISHING

SECTION
 SECTION 5
Finishing
table of contents
INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
Introduction ......................................................................................... 110 GENERAL
Purpose............................................................................................... 110 Basic Considerations.................................................................... 117
Factory / Field Finishing ...................................................................... 110 Grade ..................................................................................... 117
Important Considerations .................................................................... 110 Classifications ................................................................. 117
Specifications ............................................................................... 110 Compliance Requirements .................................................... 117
Varying Costs ............................................................................... 110 Contract Documents .............................................................. 117
Intermixing Systems ..................................................................... 110 Aesthetic Compliance ............................................................ 117
Application .................................................................................... 110 Listing .................................................................................... 117
Curing ........................................................................................... 110 Factory or Field ...................................................................... 117
Prefinished Wood Panels ............................................................. 110 Industry Practices .................................................................. 117
Panel Products ............................................................................. 111 Door Manufacturer .......................................................... 117
5 Barber Pole .................................................................................. 111 Finisher of Wood Components ........................................ 117
Grain............................................................................................. 111 Finishing Systems ........................................................... 117
Open ........................................................................................ 111 PRODUCT
Closed ...................................................................................... 111 Scope ........................................................................................... 118
Color and Grain Enhancement ..................................................... 111 Typical Inclusions................................................................... 118
Color Match and Consistency ...................................................... 111 Typical Exclusions ................................................................. 118
Sheen ........................................................................................... 111 Default Stipulation ........................................................................ 118
Transparent .................................................................................. 111 Rules ............................................................................................ 118
Blotchy Appearance ..................................................................... 111 Errata ..................................................................................... 118
Techniques to Consider ...................................................................... 111 Basic Rules ............................................................................ 118
Sanding ........................................................................................ 111 Finisher ........................................................................... 118
Wash Coat .................................................................................... 112 Samples .......................................................................... 118
Blue Stain............................................................................................ 112 Aesthetic Rules ............................................................... 119
Fire Retardant Treated Wood and Coatings ....................................... 112 Overall Appearance......................................................... 119
AWS Finishing Systems ...................................................................... 112 Application Techniques.................................................... 119
General Performance Characteristics Table. ...................................... 113 Incompatibility ................................................................. 119
Specific Performance Characteristics Table. ...................................... 114 Paneling .......................................................................... 119
Usage and Performance Score Comparison Table ............................ 115 Trim and Frames ............................................................. 119
Specify Requirements For ................................................................. 116 Doors ............................................................................... 119
Recommendations ............................................................................. 116 Casework ........................................................................ 119
Defects and Workmanship .............................................. 119
First Class Workmanship ................................................120

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COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS (continued) TESTS
Basic Considerations....................................................................125
PRODUCT (continued)
Visual Testing.......................................................................125
Material Rules ........................................................................120
Testing for Consistency .......................................................125
Priming and Sealing ........................................................120
Sheen Testing ......................................................................125
Flow Properties ...............................................................120
Chemical Resistance ......................................................120
Application Rules ...................................................................121
Sanding ...........................................................................121
Factory Priming ...............................................................121
Ventilation........................................................................121
Over spray.......................................................................121
Removal ..........................................................................121
Cleaning ..........................................................................121 5
Scratches ........................................................................121
Consistency .....................................................................121
Film Thickness ................................................................121
Filler ................................................................................121
Thoroughly Dry................................................................121
Sapwood .........................................................................121
Staining ...........................................................................121
Generic Coating Schedule ..............................................121
System Coating Schedule ...............................................122
System 1...................................................................122
System 2...................................................................122
System 3...................................................................122
System 4...................................................................122
System 5...................................................................122
System 6...................................................................123
System 7...................................................................123
System 8...................................................................123
System 9...................................................................123
System 10 .................................................................123
System 11 .................................................................124
System 12 .................................................................124
System 13 .................................................................124
After Finishing .................................................................124
Touch up..........................................................................124

©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014 Architectural Woodwork Standards 109
 SECTION 5
Finishing
introductory information
INTRODUCTION The listing of a finish system in the AWS does • Varying costs of finish systems typically relate
not imply an endorsement of the materials and/ directly to their performing characteristics.
Section 5 pertains to shop and eld nishing of or methods or compliance with federal and/or
architectural woodwork. Thirteen nishing systems local Environmental Protection Agency or other • Intermixing systems will likely cause quality
are outlined with application rules and methods of requirements. and/or performance problems; they are usually
testing. not compatible with each other.
FACTORY or FIELD FINISHING
Quality assurance can be achieved by adherence Examples include the over specification of
to the AWS and will provide the owner a quality Both are permitted, provided there is no violation polyurethane or polyester topcoats when they
product at competitive pricing. Use of a quali ed of applicable codes or regulations. are neither necessary or available from a
Sponsor Member rm to provide your woodwork custom fabricator.
will help ensure the manufacturer’s understanding • Factory finishing is usually specified for high
of the quality level required. Illustrations in this quality work where superior appearance and • Application of finish material in excess of
manufacturer’s film thickness recommendations
Section are not intended to be all inclusive, other performance of the finish is desired. Benefits
can cause the finish to fail.
engineered solutions may be acceptable. In the of factory finishing include consistency, control
absence of speci cations; methods of fabrication of film thickness, environmental compliance,
Brush applied finishes are not recommended
are the manufacturer’s choice. The design and curing/drying of the finish in a controlled for factory finished architectural woodwork, and
5 professional, by specifying compliance to the AWS atmosphere. Its use assumes a maximum are not covered by the AWS.
increases the probability of receiving the product degree of manufacturer prefabrication so
Application techniques and other variances
quality expected. that site installation can be performed with make the execution of the finish system difficult
a minimum amount of cutting, fitting, and to determine. These standards provide the
PURPOSE adjustment to facilitate project completion.
minimum requirements. The desired end result
is to provide a finish that is both durable and
The purpose of finishing woodworking is twofold. • Field finishing is typically specified when
achieves the desired appearance.
First, the finish is used traditionally as a means to there is not a demand or specific need for a
enhance or alter the natural beauty of the wood. superior appearance and is not necessarily part
• CURING of finish systems have a wide range
Second, the finish shall offer protection to the of the woodwork contract. This would normally of variance. Shortest cure time is UV cured
wood from damage by moisture, contaminants, be specified in the painting specification coatings, and longest being water based air dry
and handling. It is important to understand that a section. The finisher/painter is responsible
coatings. Heat and air movement will speed
quality finish must offer acceptable performance for examining and accepting the woodwork the recoat and cure time.
and also meet the aesthetic requirements of the as supplied prior to the commencement of
project. finishing. The finisher/painter is responsible For the most part the method should not
for meeting or exceeding the control sample concern the design professional or specification
The AWS illustrates a number of finishing for surface performance characteristics (such writer. It is the performance of the topcoat
systems. The finishing system provides a as color, texture, and sheen), including proper which is important.
protective surface for the product. Some of these surface preparation, shading, and blending of
systems are in general use; others are intended color, and other requirements as defined in this UV (ultraviolet light) is typically used for
for special conditions and can only be applied standard when so referenced. high volume, repetitive applications, and
under a strictly controlled environment. The requires special reactors to cure. A number
cost of the systems vary, the higher performing • Wood parts on decorative laminate of prefinished panel products are coated with
finishes usually being more costly than the lower cabinets: finish is required on all wood pulls, materials designed specifically for UV curing. A
performing finishes. Unnecessary cost could be trims, applied molding, edge bands, drawer wide range of UV cured roll coat flat line panel
added to a project through over specification. boxes, and interior wood parts of decorative finishes are available. Just as there are in the
laminate casework. conventional spray/air cured coatings. Consult
When specifying, use the system name as with the fabricator for performance tests and
set forth in the AWS. Involve your woodwork IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS:
details
manufacturer early in the design process to
• Specifications too often, call for finishes based
evaluate the systems in relation to your project • Prefinished Wood Panels and decorative
on samples or guide language from a specialty overlays have aesthetic and performance
requirements. Choose performance characteristics
manufacturer.
which meet, but do not exceed, the needs of your characteristics which meet or exceed the
project in the interest of value engineering. Select the performance criteria which best AWS, and should be evaluated, approved and
specified by the design professional when
meets the needs of your client from the finish
tables. Finish chemistry, performance, value to desired.
performance ratio, and your finisher’s abilities
should be considered.

11 0 Architectural Woodwork Standards ©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014
 SECTION 5
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• Panel products and/or wood doors require Color and grain enhancement of some finishes • Transparent finishes are applied in varying
balanced coats of finishing materials for require the build of one color step on another. operations, typically consisting of some
stability and to remain free of warp. This will sometimes require an additional combination of hand sanding to remove job
protective wash coat between color steps. handling marks, staining, filling, sealing,
• Barber pole effect is most evident when Generally, this procedure adds to the depth and sanding, and surface coating. Some exotic
veneer leaves are book matched. Because beauty of the finish. Each added step increases species have a high natural oil content and do
book matched veneer panels or door faces costs and shall be specified. not accept finishes similar to other hardwoods;
are made up by turning every other piece because of this, the most common finish used
(leaf) of veneer over, like the pages of a book, • Color match and consistency is often is penetrating oil without any filling or sealing
the face of one leaf and the back of the next misleading. The best case achievable using a dyes or pigments in a stain.
leaf is exposed. This exposes the “tight” and natural product like wood in a wide variety of
“loose” face of the leaves. One of the most lighting conditions is a good “blend” of color • Blotchy appearance occurs because some
striking examples of Barber Pole effect can be and tone throughout the project area. The wood species exhibit an uneven distribution of
seen in book matched rift and quarter cut Oak. natural color of the wood product is altered by large and small pores in their structure. The
Check with your manufacturer when you are the application of even a clear topcoat. Further occurrence of this is readily apparent in such
considering specifying rift or quartered veneers. alteration is achieved through the use of stains, hardwood species as Maple and Birch and,
glazes, bleaches, etc. Wood changes color; to a lesser degree, in Cherry. This irregular
• Grain can significantly impact a finish’s visual especially Cherry, Fir, American and African distribution of pores usually causes an uneven 5
appearance and smoothness. If a filled finish Mahogany, Walnut, Teak, and others. Filled nail absorption of stain, hence, an apparent blotchy
is required it must be so specified. As a rule, holes will not change with wood. The apparent appearance in the finish. Reduction of the
close grain woods do not require filler. See consistency of the color is a combination of blotching condition can sometimes be achieved
Table. light reflectance, cellular structure, natural by proper sanding, wash coating (prior to
characteristics, applied colors, and sheen. staining) or by choosing non penetrating
For finishing purposes, the following woods are pigments, such as dyes, alcohol stains or
classified as: Color and “matching” of a sample are often glaze. When these steps are required or
highly subjective. Individual perception, ambient desired, they shall be specified in addition to
Open Grain lighting, and reflectivity influence judgement. finish system selection.
Ash Mahogany, Design professionals are encouraged to consult
directly with a manufacturer during the design TECHNIQUES TO CONSIDER
Butternut Philippine
Chestnut Oak, Red and selection phase of each project.
While a blotchy appearance and the “barber
Mahogany, African Oak, White
• Sheen is the result of many factors, including pole effect” may occur in any species, due to the
Mahogany, American Walnut natural characteristics of wood, there are steps
finishing techniques, processes, stains,
topcoats and the wood itself. Coating that can be taken to reduce these effects. The
Close Grain manufacturers use a variety of names for following are two of the techniques that are of
Alder, Red Gum different sheens. An untrained eye can see a particular importance.
Beech Maple 10 point or greater difference in sheen.
Birch Pine • Sanding - While the selection of species,
Cherry Poplar The following sheen ranges were developed cut and match are major factors in the final
Fir by measuring the reflectance of a direct light appearance of a project, the first step, in
source at a 60 degree angle with a gloss meter: controlling the quality of finished appearance, is
• Color and grain enhancement of a system, proper sanding.
from the addition of a single stain, to a multiple • Flat = 8 - 14
An important element of this standard is the
step build of one color on another with wash
• Satin = 15 - 25 statement “just prior to staining.” Specifications
coats in between for enhanced appearance is
that indicate “factory shall finish sand prior to
not included in the basic systems and needs to • Satin Gloss = 26 - 49 shipment” do not provide a correct solution for
be specified.
proper surface preparation. Such a directive
• Semi gloss = 50 - 70 fails to take into account the length of time
Aesthetically, systems may vary from no stain,
to a single stain, to a multiple step application. panels will be stored at the job site, potential
• Gloss = 71 - 90
Some samples will require multiple color and damage from handling and the effects of
finish steps in order to meet the architect’s changes in the relative humidity. Proper
requirements. The system specified may sanding can only be done, just prior to staining/
not include all steps necessary to match the finishing.
architect’s example or requirements.

©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014 Architectural Woodwork Standards 111
 SECTION 5
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TECHNIQUES TO CONSIDER (continued) To remove the oxalic acid, use a sponge and a The need for, and effectiveness of, fire retardant
bucket filled with lukewarm water. Squeeze the and fire resistant finishes depends on the type
• Sanding (continued) sponge to remove excess water and wipe the of construction, nature of occupancy, and other
entire surface of the Oak wood to remove the technical features of the building. Because
The successful sanding of panels, or flush acid residue. Rinse the sponge frequently in these finishes are considerably more expensive
doors, is best accomplished with a hand clean lukewarm water as you wipe. Pour out the and have reduced durability, their use should be
block, powered pad sander, wide belt sander water and add 1 qt. of fresh lukewarm water to carefully limited to those areas where confining
or stroke sander, exerting uniform pressure the bucket. Add 2 tbsp. baking soda to the water fire spread is the overwhelming consideration; for
over the entire surface. Depending upon the and stir with a spoon to dissolve. Insert a fresh example, interior entrances, hallways, stairwells
condition of the surface it may be necessary sponge into the solution and squeeze out the and ceilings.
to use successively finer grits of abrasive to excess water. Wipe the entire surface of the Oak
properly prepare the surface, brushing off the to neutralize any remaining acid residue and stop AWS FINISHING SYSTEMS
surface between grits. The AWS sets forth the the bleaching process. Allow the surface to dry
smoothness requirement for all Grades of work. and sand with 150 to 180 grit sandpaper. The Apply to both transparent or opaque applications,
Proper and complete surface preparation is the entire surface should be treated to avoid spotting. unless otherwise indicated: Specification
key factor in the successful finish procedure. Failure to rinse the treated area adequately may of a system requires listing both the system
have a damaging effect on the finish subsequently number and the name, along with any desired
• Wash Coat - A wash coat is a thin coat of
5 material, usually clear lacquer or vinyl sealer (6
applied, or may cause damage to nearby glass, enhancements.
porcelain or other surfaces in confined areas.
to 10 parts thinner to one part sealer, topcoat). SYSTEM - 1, LACQUER, NITROCELLULOSE
Damage may not result immediately, but may
A wash coat can fulfill several purposes such
result during storage or after installation.
as: to stiffen the small wood fibers that are SYSTEM - 2, LACQUER, PRE CATALYZED
raised by the staining operation, so they can
FIRE RETARDANT TREATED WOOD and
be cut off easily with fine sandpaper (320 grit), SYSTEM - 3, LACQUER, POST CATALYZED
COATINGS
to seal the stain, particularly if it is a bleeding
type, to aid in the wiping and clean up of filler, Fire retardant treatments may affect the finishes SYSTEM - 4, LATEX ACRYLIC, WATER BASED
and to minimize excessive penetration of stain intended to be used on the wood, particularly if
or filler to minimize blotchiness. As with any transparent finishes are planned. The compatibility SYSTEM - 5, VARNISH, CONVERSION
finish process, samples should always be of finishes should be tested before they are
prepared to ensure that the desired finish is applied. SYSTEM - 6, OIL, SYNTHETIC PENETRATING (available
achieved. in transparent only)
“Fire retardant” coatings usually are of the
IRON STAIN
intumescent type. They may be water based or SYSTEM - 7, VINYL, CATALYZED
Iron stain occurs in some species of veneers solvent based, but both contain ingredients which,
when natural tannic acid in the wood comes under the influence of heat, produce gases and SYSTEM - 8, ACRYLIC CROSS LINKING, WATER-BASED
in contact with iron and or moisture. Enough char like products, resulting in the formation of a
moisture may occur during heavy rains or thick nonflammable crust that effectively insulates SYSTEM - 9, UV CURABLE, ACRYLATED EPOXY,
high humidity in buildings not yet temperature combustible cores from heat and flame. However, POLYESTER OR URETHANE
controlled. these ingredients are for the most part water
sensitive and therefore reduce durability and SYSTEM - 10, UV CURABLE, WATER BASED
To prevent iron stain, never use steel wool on the range of usage of the coatings.
bare wood. Fine particles of the wool will cling SYSTEM - 11, POLYURETHANE, CATALYZED
to the wood and cause trouble later. If you use These coatings only delay the spread of fire and
shellac (a solvent for iron), it should not be stored help contain it to its origin. To be of appreciable SYSTEM - 12, POLYURETHANE, WATER BASED
in iron containers. To remove iron stain prior to value, fire retardant coatings must be applied
finishing, we recommend a solution of oxalic in strict conformance with the manufacturer’s SYSTEM - 13, POLYESTER, CATALYZED
acid crystals. The solution is made by dissolving instructions. These finishes are not particularly
12 ounces of crystals in one gallon of lukewarm durable and their use should be restricted to
water. Use a plastic or rubber container. Wear application over interior surfaces.
rubber gloves while working with the solution.
Apply it to the stained areas with a brush or
sponge.

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Table: 5-001 - GENERAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS of AWS FINISHING SYSTEMS:
SYSTEM NUMBER and DESCRIPTION

UV CURABLE, ACRYLATED EPOXY,

(available in transparent only)

POLYURETHANE, WATER BASED

LATEX ACRYLIC, WATER BASED

OIL, SYNTHETIC PENETRATING

UV CURABLE, WATER BASED

LACQUER, POST CATALYZED
LACQUER, NITROCELLULOSE

POLYURETHANE, CATALYZED
LACQUER, PRE CATALYZED

POLYESTER OR URETHANE
ACRYLIC CROSS LINKING,

POLYESTER, CATALYZED
VARNISH, CONVERSION

VINYL, CATALYZED

WATER-BASED
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
General Durability 2 2 3 2 4 1 4 2 5 5 5 3 5
Repairability 5 4 3 3 3 5 4 4 1 3 2 4 1
Abrasion Resistance 2 4 4 3 4 1 4 4 5 4 5 4 5
5
Finish Clarity 5 4 5 2 3 5 3 4 5 5 3 4 4
Yellowing in Time 1 2 3 5 4 2 1 4 3 5 4 4 3
Finish Flexibility 1 2 3 3 4 5 4 3 2 3 4 4 1
Moisture Resistance 3 3 4 1 4 1 5 3 5 4 5 4 5
Solvent Resistance 1 2 4 1 5 1 5 3 5 5 5 4 5
Stain Resistance 2 4 5 3 5 1 5 4 5 5 5 4 5
Heat Resistance 1 2 5 1 5 1 5 3 5 5 5 4 5
Household Chemical Resistance 3 4 5 3 5 2 5 4 5 5 5 4 5
Build/Solids 2 3 3 3 4 1 4 3 5 4 4 3 4
Drying Time 5 5 5 2 4 2 5 4 5 5 3 5 2
5 = Excellent to 1 = Poor. The numerical ratings are subjective judgments based on the general performance of generic products. Special formulations and facilities will influence
some of the performance characteristics.

NOTES for Table: 5-002 on following page.

Testing was evaluated in an ISO 9000-certi ed laboratory using the following ASTM test criteria: Chemical Resistance Testing - ASTM D1308 (latest edition), Wear Index - Abrasion Resistance Testing - ASTM D4060 (latest edition), Cold
Check Resistance - ASTM D1211 (latest edition), Cross Hatch Adhesion - ASTM D3359 (latest edition).
Baseline data for application prior to testing: A. 45-55% humidity at 70-80 degrees Fahrenheit; B. Water-borne coatings must be cured in a dehumidi ed atmosphere and can be assisted with infrared light and good air movement.
Performance indicator numbers are used, with the following de nitions:
For chemical resistance and wear index - abrasion resistance:
5 - No effect from the test.
4 - Minimal effect or slight change and little repair required.
3 - Some effect; noticeable change, and the coating will recover with minimal repairs.
2 - Moderate effect, performance adversely affected and repairs required.
1 - Poor performance and lm failure is imminent and repairs dif cult.
For cross-hatch adhesion:
5 - Edges of the cuts are completely smooth; none of the squares of the lattice are detached.
4 - Small akes of the coating are detached at intersections; less than 5% of the area is affected.
3 - Small akes of the coating are detached along the edges and at the intersections of cuts; 5 to 15% of the area is affected.
2 - Coating has aked along the edges and on parts of the squares; 15 to 35% of the area is affected.
1 - Coating has aked along the edges of the cuts in large ribbons and whole squares have detached; 35 to 65% of the area is affected.

©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014 Architectural Woodwork Standards 11 3
 SECTION 5
Finishing
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Table: 5-002 - SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS for AWS FINISHING SYSTEMS for TRANSPARENT and OPAQUE TOPCOATS:
SYSTEM NUMBER and DESCRIPTION

UV CURABLE, ACRYLATED EPOXY,

(available in transparent only)

POLYURETHANE, WATER BASED

LATEX ACRYLIC, WATER BASED

OIL, SYNTHETIC PENETRATING

UV CURABLE, WATER BASED

LACQUER, POST CATALYZED
LACQUER, NITROCELLULOSE

POLYURETHANE, CATALYZED
LACQUER, PRE CATALYZED

POLYESTER OR URETHANE
ACRYLIC CROSS LINKING,

POLYESTER, CATALYZED
VARNISH, CONVERSION

VINYL, CATALYZED

WATER-BASED
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Vinegar 3 4 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5
Lemon Juice 3 4 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5
Orange Juice 3 4 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5
5 Catsup 3 4 5 4 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 4 5
Coffee 3 4 5 4 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 4 5
Olive Oil 2 3 5 3 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 4 5
Boiling Water 3 4 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5
Cold Water 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5
Nail Polish
Remover 1 2 3 2 4 1 2 2 5 5 4 3 4

Household
Ammonia 3 4 5 4 5 2 4 2 5 5 5 4 5

VM&P Naphtha 3 4 5 4 5 1 4 5 5 5 5 4 5
Isopropyl Alcohol 1 2 3 1 5 2 4 3 5 5 5 4 5
Wine 3 4 5 4 5 2 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
Windex™ 3 3 4 3 5 2 3 4 5 4 5 4 5
409 Cleaner™ 3 3 4 4 5 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 5
Lysol™ 3 5 5 4 5 2 4 3 5 5 5 4 5
33% Sulfuric Acid 3 4 5 3 5 1 4 5 5 5 5 4 5
77% Sulfuric Acid 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 4 3 4 3 4
28% Ammonium 1 2 3 1 5 1 4 2 5 5 5 3 5
Hydroxide
Gasoline 1 2 5 2 5 1 4 5 5 5 5 4 4
Murphy’s Oil Soap™ 5 5 5 5 5 2 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
Vodka 100 Proof 3 4 5 4 5 2 4 3 5 5 5 4 5
1% Detergent 3 4 5 4 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
10% TSP 3 4 5 4 4 1 5 2 5 5 5 5 5
SUBTOTAL 65 86 110 82 114 46 100 95 119 117 118 97 117
Wear 2 3 4 2 5 1 4 4 5 5 5 5 4
Cold Check 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Adhesion 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
TOTAL SCORE 77 99 124 94 129 57 114 109 134 132 133 112 131
NOTES are on previous page.

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 SECTION 5
Finishing
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The following system overview tables are intended Differences between systems of 10 points or compliance with applicable codes and regulations.
to give an overview of and help identify the correct fewer are not generally considered significant Due to changing environmental regulations and
standard or specialty nishing system to meet a enough to justify the typical added expense of a finish technologies, design professionals need to
project’s needs; however, they are only relative higher-rated system. This systems listing does discuss finish options with a manufacturer located
to the topcoat, not any prior color or ller coats. not imply an endorsement of the materials or in the area of the project.

Table: 5-003 - USAGE and PERFORMANCE SCORE COMPARISONS for AWS FINISHING SYSTEMS for TRANSPARENT and OPAQUE TOPCOATS:
TYPICAL USAGE SCORE WHY AND WHY NOT
Why - Repairable; widely available; quick-drying
1 - LACQUER, Use in climate controlled environment for trims, furniture, paneling,
and ornamental work.
77 Why not - Lack of durability and resistance to most solvents and
NITROCELLULOSE water; yellows over time.
Use in climate controlled environment for furniture, casework,
2 - LACQUER, Why - Repairable; stain-, abrasion-, chemical-resistance.
paneling, ornamental work, stair parts (except treads), frames, 99 Why not - Some yellowing; moderate build.
PRECATALYZED windows, blinds, shutters, and doors.
Use in climate controlled environment for furniture, casework, Why - Repairable; finish clarity; stain-, heat-, abrasion-,chemical-
3 - LACQUER,
paneling, ornamental work, stair parts (except treads), frames, 124 resistance.
POSTCATALYZED windows, blinds, shutters, and doors. Why not - Some yellowing; moderate build.
5
Why - Low VOCs; finish clarity (some formulations); stain resistance;
Use in climate controlled environment for furniture, casework,
4 - LATEX ACRYLIC, yellowing resistance.
paneling, ornamental work, stair parts (except treads), frames, 94 Why not - Low durability; solvent- and heat-resistance; slow drying
WATER BASED windows, blinds, shutters, and doors.
time.
Use in climate controlled environment for furniture, casework,
5 - VARNISH, Why - Durable; widely available; good build.
paneling, ornamental work, stair parts, frames, windows, blinds, 129 Why not - Occasional lack of finish clarity.
CONVERSION shutters, and doors.

6 - OIL, Why - Close-to-wood, antique look; low sheen.

Use in climate controlled environment on furniture or trims requiring Why not - Labor-intensive to apply and maintain, refreshing finish
SYNTHETIC a close-to-the-wood look or very low sheen.
57 required from time-to-time; low resistance properties to most
PENETRATING substances.
7 - VINYL, Use in climate controlled environment, often on kitchen, bath, office Why - Durable; widely available; fast drying.
furniture, and laboratory casework.
114 Why not - Occasional lack of finish clarity.
CATALYZED
8 - ACRYLIC CROSS Use in climate controlled environment for furniture, casework, Why - Fine durability; excellent abrasion-, solvent-, stain-, and
LINKING, WATER- paneling, ornamental work, stair parts, frames, windows, blinds, 109 chemical-resistance; moderately fast-drying; resists moisture
BASED shutters, and doors. Why not - Possibility of discoloration over time.

9 - UV CURABLE, Why - Low VOCs; durable; near 100% solids usage; quick-drying
ACRYLATED EPOXY, Use in climate controlled environment, doors, paneling, flooring, stair (cure), may qualify as Green Guard.
parts, and casework, where applicable; consult your finisher before 134 Why not - Difficult to repair with UV finish, as this requires a
POLYESTER OR specifying. handheld UV lamp; availability varies; easy repair with lacquers or
URETHANE conversion varnish.

10 - UV Why - Low VOCs; quick-drying (cure), maybe Green Guard.

Use in climate controlled environment, doors, paneling, flooring, stair
Why not - Difficult to repair with UV finish, requires handheld UV
CURABLE, parts, and casework where applicable; consult your finisher before 132 lamp; availability varies; easy repair with lacquers or conversion
WATER BASED specifying.
varnish.

11 - Use in climate controlled environment; some formulas available for

Why - Durable; good build.
exterior environments; floors, stairs, high-impact areas; some doors;
POLYURETHANE, generally not good for casework, paneling, windows, blinds, and
133 Why not - Slow-drying; very difficult to repair; some formulations
CATALYZED hazardous to spray-personnel without air make-up suits.
shutters.

12 - Why - Improved durability; excellent abrasion-, solvent-, stain-, and

Use in climate controlled environment for furniture, casework,
chemical-resistance; moderately fast-drying; resists moisture.
Polyurethane, paneling, ornamental work, stair parts, frames, windows, blinds, 112 Why not - Tannins in some wood species may cause
Water Based shutters, and doors.
discoloration over time.
Why - Durable; good build; can be polished.
13 - POLYESTER, Use in climate controlled environment for furniture, casework,
paneling, ornamental work, blinds, shutters, and some doors.
131 Why not - Not widely available; slow-curing; requires special facilities
CATALYZED and skills; very difficult to repair; brittle finish flexibility.

©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014 Architectural Woodwork Standards 11 5
 SECTION 5
Finishing
introductory information
SPECIFY REQUIREMENTS FOR RECOMMENDATIONS • SEFA’s chemical listing, methods

• FIRE RESISTANCE • If FIELD FINISHED, include in Division 09 of

of testing, and minimum acceptable
results can be found in APPENDIX.
a
the specifications:
• CHEMICAL RESISTANCE • FIRE-RETARDANT or RESISTANT FINISHES
• “Before finishing, all exposed portions of are subject to applicable codes and regula-
• Use of FILLER, WASH COAT, or STAIN woodwork shall have handling marks or tions, the use of fire-rated cores in lieu of fire-
effects of exposure to moisture removed with retardant finishes is recommended.
• FILLED FINISH a thorough, final sanding over all surfaces
of the exposed portions, using appropriate • Some PRE-FINISHED wood panels or decora-
• AWS finishing system for transparent or
grit sandpaper, and shall be cleaned before tive overlays have aesthetic and performance
opaque application:
applying sealer or finish.” characteristics that meet or exceed these stan-
• SYSTEM - 1, LACQUER, NITROCELLULOSE dards without using a listed or recommended
• “Concealed surfaces of all architectural finish system.
• SYSTEM - 2, LACQUER, PRE CATALYZED woodwork that might be exposed to mois-
ture, such as those adjacent to exterior • Such products should be evaluated and/or
• SYSTEM - 3, LACQUER, POST CATALYZED concrete walls, shall be primed.” specified by the design professional.
5 • SYSTEM - 4, LATEX ACRYLIC, WATER-BASED • REVIEW the GENERAL portion of Sections
3 and 4 for an overview of the characteristics
• SYSTEM - 5, VARNISH, CONVERSION and the minimum acceptable requirements of
lumber and/or sheet products that might be
• SYSTEM - 6, OIL, SYNTHETIC PENETRATING used herein.
(available in transparent only)
• Avoid BRUSH-APPLIED finishes for architec-
• SYSTEM - 7, VINYL, CATALYZED tural woodwork; they are not covered by these
standards.
• SYSTEM - 8, ACRYLIC CROSS LINKING, WATER-
BASED • Avoid BLEACHED VENEERS because of
potential finishing problems.
• SYSTEM - 9, UV CURABLE, ACRYLATED EPOXY,
POLYESTER OR URETHANE • Avoid JOBSITE FINISHING because a factory-
controlled finishing environment offers a supe-
• SYSTEM - 10, UV CURABLE, WATER-BASED
rior finished product; however, jobsite finishing
• SYSTEM - 11, POLYURETHANE, CATALYZED is permitted, provided there is no violation of
applicable codes and regulations.
• SYSTEM - 12, POLYURETHANE, WATER-BASED
• Avoid EXTERIOR WOOD DOORS finished in a
• SYSTEM - 13, POLYESTER, CATALYZED dark color that will absorb heat when exposed
to direct sunlight or without adequate overhead
soffit protection.

• For CHEMICAL RESISTANCE, these

standards have adapted SEFA’s (Scientific
Equipment and Fixture Association) standard
list of 49 chemicals/concentrations, their
required methods of testing, and their minimum
acceptable results as the minimum acceptable
chemical-resistance requirement for finishes
used at exposed and semi-exposed surfaces,
when such is required by specification.

11 6 Architectural Woodwork Standards ©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014
 SECTION 5
Where the E, C, or P icon is not indicated,
E C P
the rule applies to all Grades equally

Finishing
compliance requirements GENERAL/PRODUCT/TEST

Including: Factory and Field Finishing 5.1 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS (continued)

7 FACTORY or FIELD finishing are permitted, provided there is no

5.1 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS violation of applicable codes or regulations.

1 GRADE 7.1 FACTORY finishing is usually specified for high-quality work

where superior appearance and performance of the finish is
1.1 CLASSIFICATIONS of ECONOMY, CUSTOM, and PREMIUM desired.
are used within these standards only in reference to the
acceptable quality of workmanship, material, or installation in 7.2 FIELD finishing is typically specified when there is not a
a completed architectural woodwork product. demand or specific need for a superior appearance and is not
necessarily part of the woodwork contract.
1.2 Section deals with finish application, which is a component of
finished products covered in Sections 6 - 12. 7.2.1 The finisher is responsible for examining and accepting
the woodwork as supplied prior to the commencement of
1.2.1 Grade classifications are only for the purpose of identifying finishing.
finish applications that can be used in finished products
meeting those Grades. 7.2.2 The finisher is responsible for meeting or exceeding the
control sample for surface performance characteristics 5
1.2.2 They are not intended to be used as a Grade or to (such as color, texture, and sheen), including proper sur-
judge a particular finish system. face preparation, shading, and blending of color, and other
requirements as defined in this standard when so refer-
2 COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS enced.

2.1 Apply only to surfaces visible after fabrication and 8 INDUSTRY PRACTICES
installation.
8.1 DOOR MANUFACTURERS typically offer only their
2.2 Establish criteria as to which, if any, application own standard finishes. If one or more acceptable door
characteristics are acceptable. manufacturers are listed in a project’s specifications, it
indicates that each manufacturer’s standard finish system is
2.3 Address priming, when required. acceptable.

3 CONTRACT DOCUMENTS shall govern if in conflict with these 8.2 FINISHING of WOOD COMPONENTS on DECORATIVE
standards. LAMINATE casework (including pulls, trims, moldings, and
edgebanding) is included in the manufacturer’s scope of work.
4 AESTHETIC COMPLIANCE requirements apply only to surfaces
visible after manufacturing, installation and finishing. 8.3 FINISHING SYSTEMS are applied per the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
5 LISTING of a finish system in these standards does not imply an
endorsement of such or compliance with applicable codes and
regulations.

©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014 Architectural Woodwork Standards 11 7
As may be updated by errata at awinet.org, awmac.com, or aws-errata.com
 SECTION 5
Where the E, C, or P icon is not indicated,
the rule applies to all Grades equally E C P

Finishing
GENERAL/PRODUCT/TEST compliance requirements
5.2 SCOPE 5.4 RULES

1 All factory finishing of architectural woodwork. 1 The following rules shall govern unless a project’s contract
documents require otherwise.
2 TYPICAL INCLUSIONS
2 These rules are intended to provide a well defined degree of
2.1 The application of transparent or opaque nish on all control over a project’s quality of finishing.
architectural woodwork specified to be factory prefinished
and/or jobsite finished within the architectural woodwork 3 ERRATA, published on the Sponsor Associations’ websites at
contract. www.awinet.org, www.awmac.com, or www.aws-errata.com,
shall take precedence over these rules, subject to
2.2 The application of primer prior to delivery to the jobsite for their date of posting and a project’s bid date.
final paint finish to be applied later by others.

2.3 Raw wood parts on decorative laminate cabinets, except as 5.4.4 Basic Rules
specified in the contract documents, such as wood finger
pulls or wood drawer bodies incorporated into the assembly. 1 FINISHER shall:
1 1 Determine and report in writing before the start of finishing, and:
5 2.4 All preparatory work, labor, equipment, materials, and related
Material or finish system requirements in violation of applicable
supplies to produce the specified finish. 1 1 1
codes or regulations, and:
3 TYPICAL EXCLUSIONS It shall NOT be the responsibility of the finisher to comply with
a specification requirement or finishing system that is illegal or
1 1 1 1
3.1 All painting or priming of building surfaces not specified within otherwise disallowed in a particular area by some regulatory
the architectural woodwork contract. agency.
1 1 2 Any condition that might affect proper finish application.
3.2 All finishing of architectural woodwork specified within the
painting specifications. Moisture content of product and/or surrounding wall surfaces,
1 1 3
such as drywall or plaster, above 12%.
3.3 Jobsite touch up after delivery or installation. 1 1 4 FILLED FINISH is only required if so specified.

3.4 Brush applied topcoat finishes, except as called out under the
2 SAMPLES shall
scope of work for the custom woodwork manufacturer, such
as faux finishes. 2 1 Be submitted and approved before finishing of product, and:
Due to variance in wood color within the same species and
3.5 Items to receive subsequent coats of finish materials by 2 1 1 even within the same log, a range of color shall be expected on
others. finished wood products, and:
To establish an acceptable sheen and color range, a minimum
3.6 Exterior painting or priming. 2 1 1 1
of three samples shall be submitted.
5.3 DEFAULT STIPULATION Shall be at least 12” x 12” (305 mm x 305 mm) if on a panel
2 1 2
product, and:
1 If not otherwise specified or indicated in the contract documents, 2 1 2 1 Protected from light.
all work under this section shall meet the same Grade as the
item being finished, and/or the finishing system selected shall be Be as wide as practical if on lumber by a minimum of 12” (305
2 1 2 2
the choice of the finishing contractor. mm) in length.
Shall be on material representative of that to be used for the
2 1 3
project.
Shall each bear a label identifying the job name, the design
2 1 4
professional, the contractor, and the finish system number.
Continues next column

11 8 Architectural Woodwork Standards ©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014
As may be updated by errata at awinet.org, awmac.com, or aws-errata.com
 SECTION 5
Where the E, C, or P icon is not indicated,
E C P
the rule applies to all Grades equally

Finishing
compliance requirements GENERAL/PRODUCT/TEST

5.4.4 Basic Rules 5.4.4 Basic Rules

From previous column From previous column
AESTHETIC RULES apply only to exposed and semi-exposed surfaces 11 DEFECTS and WORKMANSHIP:
3
visible after installation. Regardless of requirements otherwise stated in these standards,
11 1 final sanding prior to the application of finishing materials is the
4 OVERALL APPEARANCE shall be: responsibility of the finisher.
4 1 Compatible in color and grain. E C P 11 2 HANDLING, MACHINING, or TOOL MARKS are not allowed.
4 2 Well matched for color and grain. E C P 11 3 INDENTATIONS and SCRAPES shall be for:
11 3 1 Opaque - Filled or patched. E C P
APPLICATION TECHNIQUES and other variances make the execution 11 3 2 Transparent - Filled or patched. E C P
of the finish system difficult to determine. These standards provide the
5 11 3 3 Transparent - Steamed out. E C P
minimum requirements. The desired end result is to provide a finish
that is both durable and achieves the desired appearance. MOISTURE EFFECTS, such as raised grain or blue stain, shall be
11 4
removed.
6 INCOMPATIBILITY of finish to wood shall be prevented, and: 11 5 PARTICLES and DUST shall be removed. 5
6 1 It is the responsibility of the finisher to: 11 6 At finish, SANDING SCRATCHES shall be:

Conduct, as applicable, a test sample to check for species of 11 6 1 Inconspicuous beyond 72” (1830 mm). E C P
6 1 1
wood that reacts unfavorably with certain finishes. 11 6 2 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P
Apply a sealer, if required, before finishing to nullify such a 11 6 3 Not permitted. E C P
6 1 2
chemical reaction. ORANGE PEEL (slight depressions in the surface similar to the skin
11 7
of an orange) shall be:
7 PANELING requires: 11 7 1 Inconspicuous beyond 72” (1830 mm). E C P
Adjacent panels to be finished together to achieve maximum 11 7 2 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P
7 1
uniformity of color, and:
11 7 3 Not permitted. E C P
7 1 1 If possible, entire elevations shall be finished together.
11 8 RUNS (running of wet finish film in rivulets) shall be:
11 8 1 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P
TRIM and FRAMES require only the exposed faces and edges to be
8 11 8 2 Not permitted. E C P
topcoated.
SAGS (partial slipping of finish film creating a curtain effect) shall
11 9
9 DOORS require: be:
9 1 Two faces and two vertical edges to be finished and: 11 9 1 Inconspicuous beyond 72” (1830 mm). E C P
The top/bottom edges and hardware preparation areas at hinges 11 9 2 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P
9 1 1
and lock edges to be sealed. 11 9 3 Not permitted. E C P
9 2 An equal number of coats of the same material applied to each side. BLISTERING (small, swelled areas like water blisters on human
11 10
Pairs of doors and openings with sidelights and transoms finished skin) shall be:
9 3
together to achieve maximum uniformity of color. 11 10 1 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P
FINISHES, other than those furnished by a door manufacturer, be 11 10 2 Not permitted. E C P
9 4
specified to be applied by the woodwork finisher. 11 11 BLUSHING (whitish haze, cloudy) shall be:
11 11 1 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P
10 CASEWORK requires:
11 11 2 Not permitted. E C P
All exposed exterior, exposed interior and semi-exposed surfaces
10 1 Continues next column
be finished.
All six faces of cabinet doors receive the same number of coats to
10 2
prevent warping and/or twisting.
Continues next column

©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014 Architectural Woodwork Standards 11 9
As may be updated by errata at awinet.org, awmac.com, or aws-errata.com
 SECTION 5
Where the E, C, or P icon is not indicated,
the rule applies to all Grades equally E C P

Finishing
GENERAL/PRODUCT/TEST compliance requirements

5.4.4 Basic Rules 5.4.5 Material Rules

From previous column 1 PRIMING/SEALING:
1 1 Is required when factory finishing is required, and:
11 DEFECTS and WORKMANSHIP (continued)
CHECKING or CRAZING (crowfeet or irregular line separation) shall Shall be of a compatible material and conform to the following
1 1 1
11 12 application requirements:
be:
11 12 1 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P STANDING and RUNNING TRIM shall be sealed
1 1 2 E C P
at 1 mil dry.
11 12 2 Not permitted. E C P
BACKS of wood wall and ceiling surfacing shall be
11 13 CRACKING (formation like dried mud) shall be: 1 1 3 E C P
sealed at 2 mil dry.
11 13 1 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P 1 1 4 CASEWORK shall be sealed at 1 mil dry. E C P
11 13 2 Not permitted. E C P DECORATIVE LAMINATE faced woodwork shall
11 14 PARTICLES shall be: 1 1 5 E C P
be sealed at 1 mil dry.
11 14 1 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P
11 14 2 Not permitted. E C P FLOW PROPERTIES requires capability of drying and/or curing free of
5 11 15 ADHESIVE SPOTS shall be:
2
streaks, sags, or mottle.
11 15 1 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE, if so specified, at exposed horizontal
11 15 2 Not permitted. E C P
surfaces shall pass a 24 hour exposure test, whereas exposed vertical
11 16 FILLED NAIL HOLES shall be: 3
surfaces and semi-exposed surfaces shall pass a 1 hour exposure test
11 16 1 Inconspicuous beyond 108” (2745 mm). E C P (ASTM 1308, latest edition).
11 16 2 Inconspicuous beyond 72” (1830 mm). E C P
11 16 3 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P
11 17 FIELD REPAIRS and TOUCH UPS shall be:
11 17 1 Inconspicuous beyond 108” (2745 mm). E C P
11 17 2 Inconspicuous beyond 72” (1830 mm). E C P
11 17 3 Inconspicuous beyond 36” (915 mm). E C P

FIRST CLASS WORKMANSHIP is required in compliance with these

12
standards.

1 2 0 Architectural Woodwork Standards ©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014
As may be updated by errata at awinet.org, awmac.com, or aws-errata.com
 SECTION 5
Where the E, C, or P icon is not indicated,
E C P
the rule applies to all Grades equally

Finishing
compliance requirements GENERAL/PRODUCT/TEST

5.4.6 Application Rules 5.4.6 Application Rules

1 Requires SANDING before and during all finishing procedures and: From previous column
Exposed surfaces being block sanded parallel with the grain FILLER (including paste types) when specified shall be
1 1 direction and the appropriate grit paper to prevent unacceptable 10 E C P
applied before sealers or topcoats.
blotchy and/or nonuniform appearance after staining or finishing.
1 2 Removal of handling marks or effects of exposure to moisture.
THOROUGHLY DRY each coat before sanding or applying additional
11
1 3 Steaming out of deep scratches. coats.
1 4 Easing of sharp edges with a light sanding.
Removal of all raised grain, cross sanding, burnishing and 12 SAPWOOD treatment:
1 5
machining marks, sanding inconsistencies, and/or defects. 12 1 At EXPOSED SURFACES:
1 6 Light sanding between coats per manufacturer's recommendations. 12 1 1 Blending is not required. E C P
Sapwood must be blended in the final finish
FACTORY PRIMING with one coat of primer applied to appropriate
12 1 2 E C P
2 appearance.
surfaces is required, however: 12 2 At SEMI-EXPOSED SURFACES, blending is not required.
2 1 Factory sanding of the primed surfaces, after priming is not required.
5
13 STAINING at:
VENTILATION, adequate and continuous, is required with sufficient 13 1 Dark stain finishes, the surface shall be wash coat sealed.
3 heat to maintain temperatures above 65° F for 24 hours before, during,
13 2 Oil stain shall be wipe applied in small areas at a time.
and 48 hours after application of finishes.
13 3 Non grain raising dye stains can be spray applied.
OVER SPRAY protection is required to prevent spray or droppings 13 4 Open grain species shall be stained before applying sealer.
4
from fouling surfaces not being finished, as is:
4 1 Repair of damage as a result of inadequate or unsuitable protection. 14 GENERIC COATING SCHEDULE:
CONCEALED CASEWORK SURFACES that abut
REMOVAL of electrical plates, surface hardware, fittings, and 14 1 walls, floors, and ceilings, require a sanding sealer or E C P
5
fastenings prior to finishing operation is required, and: self seal system.
Removed items are to be carefully stored, cleaned, and replaced on SEMI-EXPOSED surfaces, including wood drawer sides and cabinet
5 1 14 2
completion of work in each area, and: interiors and [bracketed items if speci ed] requires:
Use of solvent for cleaning that might remove permanent finish is 14 2 1 Wash coat (only at stained nish on close grain).
5 2
not allowed. 14 2 2 [Stain].
14 2 3 Sanding sealer.
CLEANING of surfaces with a dry brush or a tack cloth before applying 14 2 4 Sand.
6
sealer, stain, or primer is required.
14 2 5 First topcoat. E C P
14 2 6 Second topcoat. E C P
SCRATCHES, dents, marks, screw and nail holes, and rough edges
7
shall be properly repaired before finishing. Continues next column

CONSISTENCY of each coat shall be as recommended by the

8
manufacturer.

FILM THICKNESS shall conform to manufacturer’s data or

9
recommendation.
Continues next column

©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014 Architectural Woodwork Standards 121
As may be updated by errata at awinet.org, awmac.com, or aws-errata.com
 SECTION 5
Where the E, C, or P icon is not indicated,
the rule applies to all Grades equally E C P

Finishing
GENERAL/PRODUCT/TEST compliance requirements

5.4.6 Application Rules 5.4.6 Application Rules

From previous column From previous column
14 GENERIC COATING SCHEDULE (continued) 15 SYSTEM COATING SCHEDULE (continued)
14 3 EXPOSED surfaces with [bracketed items if speci ed] requires: SYSTEMS - 2 and 3, LACQUER, PRE AND POST CATALYZED
15 2
14 3 1 Wash coat (only at stained nish on close grain). including [bracketed items if speci ed] requires at:
14 3 2 [Stain]. 15 2 1 CLOSE GRAIN woods:

14 3 3 Sanding sealer. 15 2 1 1 Wash coat, vinyl (only at stained nish).

14 3 4 Sand. 15 2 1 2 [Stain].

14 3 5 First topcoat. 15 2 1 3 Sealer, vinyl.

14 3 6 Second topcoat. E C P 15 2 1 4 First topcoat.

14 3 7 Third topcoat. E C P 15 2 1 5 Second topcoat. E C P

And INCLUDES wood components on decorative laminate 15 2 2 OPEN GRAIN woods (including lled nish):
14 3 8
casework. 15 2 2 1 Washcoat, vinyl (only at filled finish). E C P
5 15 2 2 2 [Stain].
15 SYSTEM COATING SCHEDULE: 15 2 2 3 Filler (only at lled nish). E C P
SYSTEM - 1, LACQUER, NITROCELLULOSE including [bracketed 15 2 2 4 Sealer, vinyl.
15 1
items if speci ed] requires at:
15 2 2 5 First topcoat.
15 1 1 CLOSE GRAIN woods:
15 2 2 6 Second topcoat. E C P
15 1 1 1 Wash coat, nitrocellulose (only at stained nish). E C P
SYSTEM - 4, LATEX ACRYLIC, WATER BASED including
15 1 1 2 Wash coat, vinyl (only at stained nish). E C P 15 3
[bracketed items if speci ed] requires at:
15 1 1 3 [Stain]. 15 3 1 CLOSE and OPEN GRAIN woods;
15 1 1 4 Sealer, nitrocellulose. E C P 15 3 1 1 [Stain].
15 1 1 5 Sealer, vinyl. E C P 15 3 1 2 Sealer, water reduced.
15 1 1 6 First topcoat. 15 3 1 3 First topcoat, water reducible acrylic.
15 1 1 7 Second topcoat. E C P 15 3 1 4 Second topcoat, water reducible acrylic. E C P
15 1 2 OPEN GRAIN woods (including lled nish) requires: SYSTEM - 5, VARNISH, CONVERSION including [bracketed items if
15 4
15 1 2 1 Wash coat, nitrocellulose (only at lled nish). E C P speci ed] requires at:
15 1 2 2 Wash coat, vinyl (only at filled finish). E C P 15 4 1 CLOSE GRAIN woods:
15 1 2 3 [Stain]. Wash coat, reduced conversion varnish (only at
15 4 1 1 E C P
15 1 2 4 Filler (only at filled finish). E C P stained nish).
15 1 2 5 Sealer, nitrocellulose. E C P 15 4 1 2 Wash coat, vinyl (only at stained nish). E C P
15 1 2 6 Sealer, vinyl. E C P 15 4 1 3 [Stain].
15 1 2 7 First topcoat. 15 4 1 4 Sealer, reduced conversion varnish. E C P
15 1 2 8 Second topcoat (only at filled finish). E C P 15 4 1 5 Sealer, vinyl. E C P
15 1 2 9 Second topcoat. E C P 15 4 1 6 First topcoat.
15 4 1 7 Second topcoat. E C P
Continues next column
Continues next column

1 2 2 Architectural Woodwork Standards ©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014
As may be updated by errata at awinet.org, awmac.com, or aws-errata.com
 SECTION 5
Where the E, C, or P icon is not indicated,
E C P
the rule applies to all Grades equally

Finishing
compliance requirements GENERAL/PRODUCT/TEST

5.4.6 Application Rules 5.4.6 Application Rules

From previous column From previous column
15 SYSTEM COATING SCHEDULE (continued) 15 SYSTEM COATING SCHEDULE (continued)
15 4 SYSTEM - 5, VARNISH, CONVERSION (continued) 15 6 SYSTEM - 7, VINYL, CATALYZED (continued)
15 4 2 OPEN GRAIN woods (including lled nish): 15 6 2 OPEN GRAIN woods including lled nish:
[Wash coat, reduced conversion varnish] (only at 15 6 2 1 [Wash coat, vinyl] (only at filled finish). E C P
15 4 2 1 E C P
lled nish). [Wash coat, vinyl, catalyzed] (only at filled
15 6 2 2 E C P
15 4 2 2 [Wash coat, vinyl] (only at filled finish). E C P finish).
15 4 2 3 [Stain]. 15 6 2 3 [Stain].
15 4 2 4 Filler (only at filled finish). E C P 15 6 2 4 Sealer, vinyl. E C P
15 4 2 5 Sealer, reduced conversion varnish. E C P 15 6 2 5 Filler (only at filled finish). E C P
15 4 2 6 Sealer, vinyl. E C P 15 6 2 6 Sealer, vinyl, catalyzed. E C P
15 4 2 7 First topcoat. 15 6 2 7 First topcoat.
15 4 2 8 Second topcoat. E C P 15 6 2 8 Second topcoat. E C P
5
SYSTEM - 6, OIL, PENETRATING including [bracketed items if SYSTEM - 8, ACRYLIC CROSS LINKING, WATER BASED
15 5 15 7
speci ed] requires at: including [bracketed items if speci ed] requires at:
15 5 1 CLOSE and OPEN GRAIN woods: 15 7 1 CLOSE GRAIN woods:
15 5 1 1 [Simulated oil finish]. E C P 15 7 1 1 Wash coat, acrylic (only at stained finish). E C P
15 5 1 2 First coat, penetrating oil. 15 7 1 2 [Stain].
15 5 1 3 Sealer, catalyzed vinyl. E C P 15 7 1 3 Sealer, acrylic.
15 5 1 4 Scuff sand with appropriate grit. E C P 15 7 1 4 First topcoat.
15 5 1 5 Brass wool rubdown. E C P 15 7 1 5 Second topcoat. E C P
15 5 1 6 Second coat, penetrating oil. E C P 15 7 2 OPEN GRAIN woods, including lled nish:
15 5 1 7 Wax coat. E C P 15 7 2 1 [Wash coat, acrylic] (only at filled finish). E C P
SYSTEM - 7, VINYL, CATALYZED including [bracketed items if 15 7 2 2 [Stain].
15 6
speci ed] requires at: 15 7 2 3 Sealer, acrylic.
15 6 1 CLOSE GRAIN woods: 15 7 2 4 Filler (only at filled finish). E C P
15 6 1 1 Wash coat, vinyl (only at stained finish). E C P 15 7 2 5 First topcoat.
Wash coat, vinyl, catalyzed (only at stained 15 7 2 6 Second topcoat. E C P
15 6 1 2 E C P
finish).
SYSTEM - 9 and 10, UV CURABLE, ACRYLATED EPOXY,
15 6 1 3 [Stain]. 15 8 POLYESTER, URETHANE, applicable only to PREMIUM GRADE
15 6 1 4 Sealer, vinyl. E C P and including [bracketed items if speci ed] requires at:
15 6 1 5 Sealer, vinyl, catalyzed. E C P 15 8 1 CLOSE and OPEN GRAIN woods:
15 6 1 6 First topcoat. 15 8 1 1 [Stain]. P
15 6 1 7 Second topcoat. E C P 15 8 1 2 Sealer with B-stage curing. P
Continues next column 15 8 1 3 Sealer with full cure. P
15 8 1 4 First topcoat with B-stage curing. P
15 8 1 5 Second topcoat with full cure. P
Continues next column

©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014 Architectural Woodwork Standards 123
As may be updated by errata at awinet.org, awmac.com, or aws-errata.com
 SECTION 5
Where the E, C, or P icon is not indicated,
the rule applies to all Grades equally E C P

Finishing
GENERAL/PRODUCT/TEST compliance requirements

5.4.6 Application Rules

From previous column
15 SYSTEM COATING SCHEDULE (continued)
SYSTEM - 11 and 12, POLYURETHANE, CATALYZED, or WATER
15 9
BASED including [bracketed items if speci ed] requires at:
15 9 1 CLOSE GRAIN woods:
15 9 1 1 Wash coat, reduced vinyl sealer (only at stained nish).
15 9 1 2 [Stain].
15 9 1 3 Sealer, vinyl.
15 9 1 4 First topcoat.
15 9 1 5 Second topcoat. E C P
15 9 2 OPEN GRAIN woods (including lled nish):
[Wash coat, reduced vinyl sealer] (only at filled
5 15 9 2 1
finish).
E C P

15 9 2 2 [Stain].
15 9 2 3 Filler (only at filled finish). E C P
15 9 2 4 Sealer, vinyl.
15 9 2 5 First topcoat.
15 9 2 6 Second topcoat. E C P
SYSTEM - 13, POLYESTER, CATALYZED, applicable only to
15 10 PREMIUM GRADE and including [bracketed items if speci ed]
requires at:
15 10 1 CLOSE and OPEN GRAIN woods:
15 10 1 1 [Stain]. E C P
15 10 1 2 First sealer, polyester. E C P
15 10 1 3 Second sealer, polyester. E C P
15 10 1 4 Sand with appropriate grit. E C P
15 10 1 5 Topcoat, polyester. E C P
15 10 1 6 Rub and polish, mechanical. E C P

16 AFTER FINISHING:
16 1 Remove all spilled, splashed, or spattered finish materials.
16 2 Remove all fingerprints or other marks.
Provide a final dusting of all exterior and interior surfaces, including
16 3
drawers.
Provide properly labeled touch up materials to allow for minor touch
16 4
up.

17 TOUCH UP of:
Factory finished materials are the responsibility of the installation
17 1
contractor.
Jobsite finished materials are the responsibility of the finishing
17 2
contractor.

1 2 4 Architectural Woodwork Standards ©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014
As may be updated by errata at awinet.org, awmac.com, or aws-errata.com
 SECTION 5
Where the E, C, or P icon is not indicated,
E C P
the rule applies to all Grades equally

Finishing
compliance requirements GENERAL/PRODUCT/TEST

5.5 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS 5.5 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS (continued)

1 The tolerances typically found within the Architectural Woodwork 6 TESTING for CONSISTENCY of GRAIN and COLOR:
Standards fall into two categories:
6.1 Compliance with standards for color and grain are highly
1.1 Factory fabricated joinery, assembly and construction - found subjective, and:
in the PRODUCT portion.
6.1.1 Each person’s perception of color is unique.
1.2 Field installation joinery and assembly - found in the
INSTALLATION portion. 6.1.2 The apparent color of a finished wood species is affected
by many variables, such as:
2 Most fabrication and installation assemblies include solid wood
to solid wood joints, solid wood to wood veneer joints, solid 6.1.2.1 Ambient lighting.
wood to wood based products (HPDL, LPDL, Solid Phenolic and
panel products), solid wood to non-wood based products (which 6.1.2.2 Cellular structure of the individual piece of wood.
can be drywall, glass, metal, stone, acrylics, and other surfaces),
6.1.2.3 Cutting or slicing of the wood.
and non-wood to non-wood joints.
6.1.2.4 Machining and sanding of the surface.
3 Tolerances found in the AWS include: 5
6.1.2.5 Orientation of the surface to the viewer.
3.1 Flatness of wood based panel products.
6.2 Compliance shall be evaluated (by comparison to an
3.2 Solid wood to solid wood joints and assemblies.
approved panel, minimum 8” x 12” [203 x 305 mm], that has
3.3 Solid wood to wood veneer joints and assemblies. been signed and dated and protected from light) based on the
following conditions:
3.4 Wood veneer to wood veneer joints and assemblies.
6.2.1 Viewing of the surfaces in the lighting and orientation in
3.5 Solid wood to wood based product joints and assemblies. which they will be installed.

3.6 Solid surface to solid surface joints and assemblies. 6.2.2 Observing a color and tone blending that is not significantly
lighter than the lightest of the range, nor darker than the
4 Because of the differences of expansion and contraction of darkest of the range.
non-wood products compared to solid wood and wood based
products, the AWS does not apply tolerances regarding flatness 6.2.3 Because of natural variations in color and grain, it cannot
or joinery to these non-wood based products. be expected that all panels will match one particular
sample exactly; however, shall match within the sample
5 VISUAL TESTING is only applicable to exposed surfaces: range submitted.

5.1 View finished surfaces in the ambient conditions in which 7 SHEEN TEST
they will be installed and used.
7.1 Compliance shall be evaluated by comparison to the approved
5.1.1 Perception of color varies with the light source and range of sample panels, that has been signed and dated and
between individuals. protected from light based on the following conditions:

5.2 Tests apply only to new work at the time of installation. 7.1.1 Testing of the surfaces with a gloss meter, parallel to the
grain, in identical lighting conditions:
5.2.1 They shall not be applied to refinishing conditions, except
as agreed in advance between buyer and seller. 7.1.1.1 When comparisons of sheen tests between the
approved sample panels and the installed work show
sheen readings within 10 points of each other they shall
be considered to be in compliance.

©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014 Architectural Woodwork Standards 125
As may be updated by errata at awinet.org, awmac.com, or aws-errata.com
 SECTION 5
Finishing
notes

1 2 6 Architectural Woodwork Standards ©2014 AWI | AWMAC | WI 2nd Edition, October 1, 2014