History Paper 2 Marking Scheme

QUESTION ONE
1Aa)
1 b)How far does Source A support the evidence of Source B about Germany’s actions at the start of
the Second Moroccan Crisis (1911)? Explain your answer.
Points of agreement may include:
• The sources agree Germany sent an armed naval vessel (‘gunboat’, ‘warship’) to the port of Agadir at
the start of the Second Moroccan Crisis
• The sources agree that Germany’s actions were planned in advance – Source A refers to already having
encouraged German businessmen to complain, while Source B states that the ‘plan’ was ‘carefully
thought out’
• The sources agree that Germany’s actions were motivated by business interests – Source A refers to
the desire to keep a rich ‘mining and agricultural area’ and Source B to the need ‘to protect their
businessmen
Points of difference may include:
• Source B refers to Germany’s actions being motivated by the possibility of dividing ‘Britain and France’
– this is not mentioned in Source A.
Points regarding extent may include:
• There is some difference in emphasis between Sources A and B with regard to the reasons why
Germany acted as it did at the start of the Second Moroccan Crisis
• The sources strongly agree that Germany planned in advance to send a gunboat to Agadir at the start
of the Second Moroccan Crisis.
c) Extract C suggests that Germany’s intervention in Morocco in 1911 was mainly for economic
reasons. How far do you agree with this interpretation? Use Extract C, Sources A and B and your own
knowledge to explain your answer.
Source A and Extract C refer to Germany’s intervention in Morocco as being motivated by ‘mining’ and
other economic ambitions
• Sources A and B state that Germany intervened to protect German businessmen in Morocco
• Extract C indicates that Germany desired ‘a better share of the economic riches’ in Morocco
• Germany was determined to build an empire so it could enjoy the same economic benefits as other
imperial powers. The Crisis ended when it was compensated with land elsewhere in Africa and German
business interests in Morocco were guaranteed.
Relevant points which counter the view may include:
• Source A suggests that the protection of German businessmen in Morocco was simply an excuse for
German intervention
• Source B indicates that Germany’s intervention was in order to destroy Anglo-French friendship
• Extract C refers to French doubts about Germany’s real intentions and the fear in Britain that
Germany’s intervention in Morocco was part of a strategy to ‘achieve European domination.’
• Many in France and Britain believed Germany’s aim was to destroy their political and military
cooperation initiated by the Entente Cordiale. Britain feared that Germany’s actions in Morocco were a
threat to its navy in the Mediterranean.
QUESTION TWO
2a)
Systems of alliances and ententes
The system of alliances and ententes before 1914 was created by secret treaties signed between the
Great Powers. The alliances and ententes detailed the assistance to be given to others in the agreement
if they were attacked
• The Triple Alliance was made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, while the Triple Entente
involved Britain, Russia and France. These were the two different ‘sides’ at the outbreak of the First
World War.
The Allied drive to victory (July-November 1918)
• The Allied drive to victory was a series of offensives undertaken by French, British and American
troops that ended the First World War. The first offensive was the Battle of Soissons, on the Western
Front, in July 1918
• During the Battle of Amiens in August, the German lines began to collapse. Allied troops broke through
the Hindenburg Line of German defences in September, leaving Germany open to invasion.
b)
Points of agreement may include:
• The sources agree that the British offensive at Amiens badly affected the German army – Source A
refers to desertions and a ‘demoralising effect’ while Source B states that there was ‘panic’,
disorganisation and bewilderment in the German ranks
• The sources agree that the German army was unable to fight back against the British offensive at
Amiens – both sources state that no counter-attack was attempted.
Points of difference may include:
• Source B claims that the British army has won a ‘great victory’, inflicting a ‘humiliating defeat’ on
Germany – Source A merely concedes that the situation was ‘serious’ and that the British had
penetrated German positions
• Source A refers to ‘large squadrons of tanks’ as a factor in the British advance – this is not mentioned
in Source B.
Points regarding extent may include:
• There is some difference between Sources A and B over the extent of the damage done to the German
army by the British at Amiens
• The sources strongly agree that the battle disrupted German forces and that, as a result, they were
unable to mount an effective response.
c)
Relevant points which support the view may include:
• Source A indicates that the German army was seriously damaged by the British counter-attack at
Amiens in August 1918 with morale shattered and desertions mounting
• Source B suggests that the Battle of Amiens was a major defeat for the Germans and a turning point in
the war as ‘such an extraordinary collapse’ had not been witnessed before
• Both Sources A and B suggest that the German army was unable to fight back effectively after the
defeat at Amiens – this is confirmed in Extract C which states that the Allied armies made ‘unstoppable
progress’ following the battle
• The Allied counter-attack in the summer of 1918 broke the resistance of the Germany Army. By
September, when the Hindenburg Line was breached, German military leaders conceded that an
Armistice was essential to avoid invasion.
Relevant points which counter the view may include:
• Source A refers to the effects of ‘problems at home in Germany’ as a factor in the declining
effectiveness of the German army, rather than defeat on the battlefield • Extract C makes reference to
there being ‘already widespread unhappiness’ with the Kaiser and the government in Germany
• Extract C indicates that there was ‘disorder’ in Germany during September and October, and the
threat of ‘major unrest at home’
• There was significant opposition to the conduct of the war in Germany as early as 1917, e.g. food
shortages. This, combined with the effects of the British blockade, led to cross-party demands for an
Armistice.

History Paper 2 Marking Scheme

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QUESTION ONE

Points of agreement may include:

Points of difference may include:

Points regarding extent may include:

Relevant points which counter the view may include:

Systems of alliances and ententes

The Allied drive to victory (July-November 1918)

Points of agreement may include:

Points of difference may include:

Points regarding extent may include:

Relevant points which support the view may include:

Relevant points which counter the view may include:

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