Lorry Twistlock Containers

Containers
12.1 In this section the term container is used to describe both a box type construction and an open frame structure enclosing the load or tank and which may in either case be lifted off the vehicle as a single unit comprising container and load. In many instances the advice on loading box type containers can be applied equally to vehicles with box van bodies.
ISO/BS Containers
12.2 The majority of containers in use are constructed to International (ISO 1496) or British (BS 3951) standards. A common feature in the construction of these containers is that specially designed corner castings are incorporated which can be used. In conjunction with twist locks fitted on the vehicle, to provide a simple and positive means of restraint (see fig 28). 12.3 This type of container should only be carried on vehicles fitted with twist locks. Twist locks must be maintained in serviceable condition and a minimum of four used for each container carried (see Section 5.9). Provided that the twist locks are fully engaged and locked in position, the container will be adequately secured and no further restraint will be necessary. 12.4 The operator is confronted with a number of problems when attempting to carry ISO containers on vehicles not equipped with twist locks. Unlike normal box type loads that spread their weight over a large area, containers are designed to stand on the twist lock sockets or feet that protrude down at each corner. With heavy containers this produces high point loading that could over-stress a normal platform floor. Other platform vehicles may have raised or wide section side ledges which would prevent the container from resting on the platform floor. The resultant interface between the side ledges and the container feet would offer little frictional resistance making it virtually impossible to secure the container on to the vehicle safely and the practice should be avoided. If carried on a vehicle not fitted with twist locks, a retention system must be used that fulfils the requirements set out in Sections 3-7.
Bulk Liquid Containers

12.5 Bulk liquid containers are often carried partially full, this can lead to movement of the load during changes in the vehicles direction, causing conditions that could lead to instability. Stepframe semi-trailers, which are constructed specifically for the carriage of bulk liquid containers, are available. These trailers have low mounted twistlocks, reducing the combined centre of gravity of the vehicle and it is recommended that this type of trailer is used as opposed to a normal flat bed trailer.
Other Types of Container (Swap Bodies)
12.6 Containers which do not have the ISO type corner castings may be fitted with special attachment brackets or lashing rings. Safe methods for securing these containers will therefore vary according to the type being transported but the restraint system used must fulfil the requirements set out in Sections 3-7. 12.7 Containers should not project beyond the rear or sides of the vehicle loading platform because permanent distortion of the container may take place if part of its base is left unsupported. 12.8 Lashings or other securing devices should only be attached to those points on the container intended for the purpose or for lifting or mechanical handling when laden, such as lashing rings or special brackets. All attachment points on the container should be examined to ensure that they are in sound condition and all the available attachment points should be used to secure it
to the vehicle platform.

Code of Practice: Safety of Loads on Vehicles
Stowage of Goods in Containers

12.9 Incorrect loading of a container may result in dangerous situations occurring when the container is handled or transported; which could adversely affect the stability of the vehicle. In addition serious damage may be caused to the goods carried. In many instances the driver will have no control over the packing of a container nor be able to inspect its contents when he accepts it for carriage. If it is apparent that the container has not been safely loaded then it should not be accepted. 12.10 The following general stowage rules that affect road safety should always be observed: a. The load should not exceed the permitted payload of the container; b. The load should be evenly distributed across the floor area of the container. In no case should more than 60% of the load be in less than half the length of the container which could lead to an axle been overloaded; c. Heavy goods should not be stowed on top of lighter goods and wherever possible the centre of gravity of the loaded container should be below the mid-point of its height; d. The load should be secured in the container against any reasonable forces that might be expected to occur during the journey. A tightly packed load will be less likely to move than one that has spaces between parts of the load. e. After the packing of the container is completed, steps should be taken to ensure that the load and dunnage will not fall out when the doors are opened. Webbing lashings or nets are often suitable for this purpose, alternatively a timber or metal gate can be constructed. f. Always make certain that the doors are locked and that the locking mechanisms are in good condition. 12.11 More detailed information on the stowage of goods in containers can be found in British Standard BS 5073.
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Lorry Twistlock Containers

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Containers

Bulk Liquid Containers

Other Types of Container (Swap Bodies)

to the vehicle platform.

Stowage of Goods in Containers

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