Spark Science 4 Keybook
Spark Science 4 Keybook
Spark Science 4 Keybook
Contents
Unit
1
Unit
2
Unit
3
Unit
4
Unit
5
Unit
6
Unit
7
Unit
8
Unit
9
Unit
10
1
Characteristics and
Life Processes of
Organisms
1.1 Activity
Exercise
A. Tick (4) the correct option.
1. The fruit of a plant
B. Think critically.
1. How are plants important for us?
Ans: Plants are important for us because it absorbs carbon
dioxide are produce oxygen.
2. What is the importance of fruit for the plant?
Ans: Fruit protects the seed. Seed group more plants.
3. How are canines (teeth) important for us?
Ans: Canines are long-pointed teeth that help to tear the
food.
4. Which living things can move from place to place?
Ans: Animals moves from one place to another.
5. Which plant part moves downward?
Ans: Root moves downward.
C. Answer the questions.
1. Compare and contrast the flowering and non-flowering
plants.
Ans: Plants are classified as flowering plants and non-
flowering plants.
Flowering plants produce flowers, fruits and seeds.
Seeds may grow into new plants. Flowering plants
include herbs, shrubs and trees.
Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers. Some
non-flowering plants produce seeds, e.g. conifers (pine,
fir trees, etc.). Mosses and ferns are spores producing
plants.
Spark Science Keybook Class 4 4
2. Classify plants and give examples.
Ans: Plants are classified as flowering plants and non-
flowering plants.
Flowering plants produce flowers, fruits and seeds.
Seeds may grow into new plants. Flowering plants
include herbs, shrubs and trees.
Exercise
A. Tick () the correct option.
1. An extremely dry ecosystem is:
(a) Grassland ecosystem (b) Pond ecosystem
(c) Desert ecosystem (d) Mountain ecosystem
2. The animals which only eat meat of other animals are
called
(a) omnivores. (b) herbivores.
(c) carnivores. (d) decomposers.
3. The animals which eat plant parts are called
(a) herbivores. (b) carnivores.
(c) scavengers. (d) decomposers.
4. An owl eats snakes. The owl is a:
(a) Prey (b) Herbivore
(c) Predator (d) Decomposer
5. Every food chain starts from:
(a) Fish (b) Plants or algae
(c) Herbivores (d) Carnivores
B. Fill in the blanks using the given words.
Forest Ecosystem
A piece of land with many trees is
called a forest. Many animals need
forests to live and survive. Areas
with more forests often receive
Forest
more rainfall. Deer, bears, monkeys,
birds of different kinds, etc. live in
forests.
Pond Ecosystem
A pond is quiet body of water. It has
a shallow muddy bottom. Animals
such as fish, leech, dragonfly, frog,
etc. and plants such as pondweed, Pond
water lettuce, frogbit, etc. are found
in a pond ecosystem.
Spark Science Keybook Class 4 10
Grassland Ecosystem
A grassland is an area where
grasses and non woody plants
grow. Wolves, eagles, snakes and
many grazing animals live in this Grassland
ecosystem.
Desert Ecosystem
A desert is an extremely dry area of
land with very few plants. Camels,
nilgais, chinkara gazelles, jackals,
foxes and babul, acacia plants, etc. Desert
are found in deserts.
2. How are humans affecting the ecosystem? Give
examples.
Ans: Ecosystems on the Earth are very important. It is
our duty to use the living and non-living parts of an
ecosystem carefully.
• Reduce food waste.
• Conserve wildlife.
• Plant more and more trees.
• Reduce using plastic bags.
• Do not waste water.
• Use cloth bags for shopping.
• Cycle or walk when possible.
3. Define food chain. Describe its examples and links.
Ans: The series of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called a food
chain.
)Herbivore(
)Producer( Food Chain )Carnivore(
Predator-Prey Relationship
Predation is a relationship in which the predator kills and
eats another organism (prey). The animal which kills
and eats other animals is called a predator. The animal
which is killed and eaten by a predator is called a prey.
For example, a lion hunts cows, goats, deer and some
other animals. In this example, the lion is the predator
as it hunts while other animals are preys.
Non-communicable
Communicable Diseases
Diseases
covid 19 Asthma
T.B Cancer
Hepatitis Kidney pain
Polio Diabetes
Typhoid
Common Cold
C. Think critically.
1. What is an illness?
Ans: An illness is the period of disease or sickness that
affect body or mind.
2. What are some common symptoms of a disease?
Ans: Some common symptoms of a disease are fever,
coughing, influenza, etc.
3. Which disease can paralyze the body of a patient
especially a child?
Ans: Polio
4. Why is wearing a mask important?
Ans: Wearing a mask can block the entry of germs.
5. What type of diet can keep us healthy and strong?
Ans: A balanced diet can keep us healthy and strong.
Friction causes the soles of shoes and machine parts to wear out.
Ways to Reduce Friction
There are a number of ways to reduce friction.
Streamlined shape reduces friction in fast moving
vehicles.
Ball bearings are used in machines to reduce friction.
Lubricating oil helps to reduce friction between moving
parts.
4. Define a simple machine. Name a few simple
machines.
Ans: Anything which can make our work easier is called a
simple machine. Levers, pulleys, gears and ramps, etc.
are simple machines.
Effort
F
Fulcrum
Load
A liver is a simple machine.
Spark Science Keybook Class 4 27
Simple machines can do many things, i.e. reduce the
amount of force required, and change the direction of
force.
5. Write notes on lever and gear.
Ans: A lever is a stiff bar that
moves around a point
called fulcrum. We apply
force on one end of the
lever to lift a load on
the other end. Hammer,
Hammer
crowbar, seasaw, bicycle Bicycle pedal
pedal, nutcracker, tweezers, etc. are examples of
levers.
Gears are wheels with teeth Teeth that lock
together
that slot together. When one
gear is turned the other also
turns but in the opposite
Faster rotation
direction. If the gears are less force
Gears
of different sizes, they can
increase the power of force.
Exercise
1. What is a craft?
1 2
Thermometer measures
temperature.
Medicines to
Cotton and Antiseptic Solution are relieve pain.
used to clean the wounds.