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Code Academy-Cheatsheet-HTML Elements and Structure

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Code Academy-Cheatsheet-HTML Elements and Structure

Uploaded by

Don
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn HTML

Elements and Structure


HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give
content to a web page and instructs web browsers on
how to structure that content.

Element Content
The content of an HTML element is the information
between the opening and closing tags of an element. <h1>Codecademy is awesome! �</h1>

<li> List Item Element


The <li> list item element create list items inside:
<ol>
Ordered lists <ol> <li>Head east on Prince St</li>
Unordered lists <ul> <li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>
</ol>

<ul>
<li>Cookies</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

<video> Video Element


The <video> element embeds a media player for video
playback. The src attribute will contain the URL to the <video src="test-video.mp4" controls>
video. Adding the controls attribute will display video Video not supported
controls in the media player. </video>
Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is
shown as a fallback in browsers that don’t support the
element.

<em> Emphasis Element


The <em> emphasis element emphasizes text and
browsers will usually italicize the emphasized text by <p>This <em>word</em> will be emphasized
default. in italics.</p>

<ol> Ordered List Element


The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of items in
sequential order. Each list item appears numbered by <ol>
default. <li>Preheat oven to 325 F �</li>
<li>Drop cookie dough �</li>
<li>Bake for 15 min �</li>
</ol>
<div> Div Element
The <div> element is used as a container that divides
an HTML document into sections and is short for <div>
“division”. <div> elements can contain �ow content <h1>A section of grouped elements</h1>
such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc. <p>Here’s some text for the section</p>
</div>
<div>
<h1>Second section of grouped
elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text</p>
</div>

HTML Structure
HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML
elements can have parents, grandparents, siblings, <body>
children, grandchildren, etc. <div>
<h1>It's div's child and body's
grandchild</h1>
<h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>
</div>
</body>

Closing Tag
An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an
HTML element. The syntax for a closing tag is a left <body>
angle bracket < followed by a forward slash / then ...
the element name and a right angle bracket to close </body>
> .

Attribute Name and Values


HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using the
following syntax: name="value" and can be added to <elementName name="value"></elementName>
the opening tag of an HTML element to con�gure or
change the behavior of the element.

<br> Line Break Element


The <br> line break element will create a line break in
text and is especially useful where a division of text is A line break haiku.<br>
required, like in a postal address. The line break Poems are a great use case.<br>
element requires only an opening tag and must not Oh joy! A line break.
have a closing tag.

<img> Image Element


HTML image <img> elements embed images in
documents. The src attribute contains the image URL <img src="image.png">
and is mandatory. <img> is an empty element meaning
it should not have a closing tag.
<h1>-<h6> Heading Elements
HTML can use six di�erent levels of heading elements.
The heading elements are ordered from the highest <h1>Breaking News</h1>
level <h1> to the lowest level <h6> . <h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>
<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>
...
<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>

<p> Paragraph Element


The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a
block of text. <p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit.</p>

Unique ID Attributes
In HTML, speci�c and unique id attributes can be
assigned to di�erent elements in order to di�erentiate <h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>
between them.
When needed, the id value can be called upon by CSS
and JavaScript to manipulate, format, and perform
speci�c instructions on that element and that element
only. Valid id attributes should begin with a letter and
should only contain letters ( a-Z ), digits ( 0-9 ),
hyphens ( - ), underscores ( _ ), and periods ( . ).

HTML Attributes
HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag of
an element to con�gure the element or change the <p id="my-paragraph" style="color:
element’s default behavior. In the provided example, we green;">Here’s some text for a paragraph
are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a unique that is being altered by HTML
identi�er using the id attribute and changing the attributes</p>
color of the default text using the style attribute.

<ul> Unordered List Element


The <ul> unordered list element is used to create a
list of items in no particular order. Each individual list <ul>
item will have a bullet point by default. <li>Play more music �</li>
<li>Read more books �</li>
</ul>
alt Attribute
An <img> element can have alternative text via the
alt attribute. The alternative text will be displayed if <img src="path/to/image" alt="text
an image fails to render due to an incorrect URL, if the describing image" />
image format is not supported by the browser, if the
image is blocked from being displayed, or if the image
has not been received from the URL.
The text will be read aloud if screen reading software is
used and helps support visually impaired users by
providing a text descriptor for the image content on a
webpage.

<body> Body Element


The <body> element represents the content of an
HTML document. Content inside <body> tags are <body>
rendered on the web browsers. <h1>Learn to code with Codecademy
Note: There can be only one <body> element in a :)</h1>
document. </body>

<span> Span Element


The <span> element is an inline container for text and
can be used to group text for styling purposes. <p><span>This text</span> may be styled
However, as <span> is a generic container to separate differently than the surrounding
pieces of text from a larger body of text, its use should text.</p>
be avoided if a more semantic element is available.

<strong> Strong Element


The <strong> element highlights important, serious, or
urgent text and browsers will normally render this <p>This is <strong>important</strong>
highlighted text in bold by default. text!</p>

HTML Element
An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML
document and uses the following syntax: opening tag + <p>Hello World!</p>
content + closing tag. In the code provided:

<p> is the opening tag.

Hello World! is the content.

</p> is the closing tag.

HTML Tag
The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle
bracket < followed by the element name and a closing <div>
angle bracket > . Here is an example of an opening
<div> tag.
<a> Anchor Element
The <a> anchor element is used to create hyperlinks
in an HTML document. The hyperlinks can point to <!-- Creating text links -->
other webpages, �les on the same server, a location on <a href="http://www.codecademy.com">Visit
the same page, or any other URL via the hyperlink this site</a>
reference attribute, href . The href determines the
location the anchor element points to.
<!-- Creating image links -->
<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">
<img src="logo.jpg">Click this image
</a>

<head> Head Element


The <head> element contains general information
about an HTML page that isn’t displayed on the page <!DOCTYPE html>
itself. This information is called metadata and includes <html>
things like the title of the HTML document and links to <head>
stylesheets. <!-- Metadata is contained in this
element-->
</head>
</html>

<target> Target Attribute


The target attribute on an <a> anchor element
speci�es where a hyperlink should be opened. A <a href="https://www.google.com"
target value of "_blank" will tell the browser to open target="_blank">This anchor element links
the hyperlink in a new tab in modern browsers, or in a to google and will open in a new tab or
new window in older browsers or if the browser has had window.</a>
settings changed to open hyperlinks in a new window.

Indentation
HTML code should be formatted such that the
indentation level of text increases once for each level <div>
of nesting. <h1>Heading</h1>
It is a common convention to use two or four

space per level of nesting. <ul>


<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>
</div>
Link to a Di�erent Part of the Page #
The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to
di�erent parts of the same HTML document using the <div>
href attribute to point to the desired location with # <p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A
followed by the id of the element to link to. different part of the page!</p>
</div>

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take
me to a different part of the page</a>

<html> HTML Element


The <html> element, the root of an HTML document,
should be added after the !DOCTYPE declaration. All <!DOCTYPE html>
content/structure for an HTML document should be <html>
contained between the opening and closing <html> <!-- I'm a comment -->
tags. </html>

Comments
In HTML, comments can be added between an opening
<!-- and closing --> . Content inside of comments <!-- Main site content -->
will not be rendered by browsers, and are usually used <div>Content</div>
to describe a part of code or provide other details.
Comments can span single or multiple lines. <!--
Comments can be
multiple lines long.
-->

Whitespace
Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML
document between block-level elements will generally <p>Test paragraph</p>
be ignored by the browser and are not added to
increase spacing on the rendered HTML page. Rather, <!-- The whitespace created by this line,
whitespace is added for organization and easier reading and above/below this line is ignored by
of the HTML document itself.
the browser-->

<p>Another test paragraph, this will sit


right under the first paragraph, no extra
space between.</p>
<title> Title Element
The <title> element contains a text that de�nes the
title of an HTML document. The title is displayed in the <!DOCTYPE html>
browser’s title bar or tab in which the HTML page is <html>
displayed. The <title> element can only be contained <head>
inside a document’s <head> element. <title>Title of the HTML page</title>
</head>
</html>

File Path
URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full
URL, for example: https://developer.mozilla.org/en- <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org
US/docs/Learn or a relative �le path that links to a local /en-US/docs/Web">The URL for this anchor
�le in the same folder or on the same server, for element is an absolute file path.</a>
example: ./style.css . Relative �le paths begin with
./ followed by a path to the local �le. ./ tells the
<a href="./about.html">The URL for this
browser to look for the �le path from the current
anchor element is a relative file
folder.
path.</a>

Document Type Declaration


The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE html> is
required as the �rst line of an HTML document. The <!DOCTYPE html>
doctype declaration is an instruction to the browser
about what type of document to expect and which
version of HTML is being used, in this case it’s HTML5.

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