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The D and F Block Elements - I

The document discusses d-block elements and transition elements, which have incompletely filled d orbitals. It describes the four main transition metal series (3d, 4d, 5d, 6d) and provides examples of elements in each series. Physical properties of transition metals like atomic size, ionic radii, and metallic character are also covered.

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19 views9 pages

The D and F Block Elements - I

The document discusses d-block elements and transition elements, which have incompletely filled d orbitals. It describes the four main transition metal series (3d, 4d, 5d, 6d) and provides examples of elements in each series. Physical properties of transition metals like atomic size, ionic radii, and metallic character are also covered.

Uploaded by

anushreeshukla772
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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d- block elements

The elements in which last electron enter


into d sub shell or d- orbital are called d-
block elements .
Transition elements -
Those elements which have incompletely
filled d orbital in its ground state or in any
one of the oxidation state are called
Transition elements .
Their general configuration is –
(n-1) d1-10 ns0-2
Transition series – All the d –block
elements can be divided in four series .

There are mainly four series of the


transition metals-
3d series – 21Sc to 30Zn
4d series - 39Y to 48Cd
5d series - 57La , 72Hf to 80Hg
6d series – 89Ac, 104Rf to 112Uub
I transition series -
Scandium (21) = 18[Ar] 4s2 3d1
Titanium (22) = 18[Ar] 4s2 3d2
Vanadium(23) = 18[Ar] 4s2 3d3
Chromium (24) = 18[Ar] 4s1 3d5
Manganese (25) = 18[Ar] 4s2 3d5
Iron (26) = 18[Ar] 4s2 3d6
Cobalt (27) = 18[Ar] 4s2 3d7
Nickel (28) = 18[Ar] 4s2 3d8
Copper (29) = 18[Ar] 4s1 3d10
Zinc (30) = 18[Ar] 4s2 3d10
Q- Why Zn, Cd and Hg are not
regarded as transition elements ?

Ans -Zinc, cadmium and mercury of group 12


have fully filled d10 configuration in their
ground state as well as in their common
oxidation states and hence, are not
regarded as transition metals
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1) Atomic size - As we move from left to right in the
series atomic size first decreases , then becomes
constant and again increases .
Reason – In the beginning the decrease in atomic size is
due to increase in the effective nuclear charge . As the
atomic number increases the added e- enters into (n-1)d
sub shell and shield the outermost e-. The effect of
increase in nuclear charge is counter balanced by the
increased shielding effect of (n-1) d e-. So atomic radii
remains almost constant after midway in series.
Near the end of series the electronic repulsion
between the added e-s in the similar orbital
predominates over attractive forces due to increase in
nuclear charge .This results in expansion of e- cloud and
atomic size increases
2)Ionic radii- For the same oxidation state
ionic radii decreases with increase in
nuclear charge.
3) Metallic character – All the transition
elements are metals and exhibit all the
properties of metals. It is due to their low
ionisation enthalpy value and presence of
greater number of unpaired d e-s.

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