The structure and composition of the business process

model
Zhyldyz Kalpeyeva Aizhan Kassymova Timur Umarov
International Information International Information International Information
Technology University Technology University Technology University
Almaty, Kazakhstan Almaty, Kazakhstan Almaty, Kazakhstan
87051748584 87017151043 87054003337
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Akkyz Mustafina Nurzhan Mukazhanov

International Information International Information
Technology University Technology University
Almaty, Kazakhstan Almaty, Kazakhstan
87012186837 87757248242
[email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACT
In this paper authors proposes tool to simplify, accelerate and In addition, when managing the business processes of the
improve the efficiency of design processes. Such tool is the economy, some problems may arise, in particular, the diversity
modeling of business processes that reflects the specification of a and uncertainty of production situations for decision-making.
business process and acts as a pattern for designing business Such an abundance of arising problems forces frequent
process automation systems; serves as the basis for creating a redesigning of existing business processes or designing new ones.
dialogue, question-answer and expert decision-making system, as In this regard, there is a need to use tools to simplify, accelerate
well as creating platforms for the design and development of and improve the efficiency of design processes. One such tool is
business process automation systems. the modeling of business processes [8-9].
Given the structure and composition of the overall business
process model, which consists of a combination of private models
2. TASKS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
that reflect the characteristics of individual aspects of the business BUSINESS PROCESS MODEL
process. A business process model that simplifies, accelerates, and
improves the efficiency of design processes should ensure the
It is assumed that the general and particular models of the
effective implementation of number of tasks and functions,
business process will serve as the basis and / or will be part of the
namely:
dialogue decision-making system, as well as the platform and
processes for designing and developing automation systems for 1. Based on business objectives, it should be multi-purpose, multi-
business processes, in particular business processes of logistics. functional and multi-parameter, respectively.

Keywords 2. The business process model should have a single information

space (SIS) of the problem area for the integration of this business
Business processes; business process model; private models of process with the business process of another organization.
business processes; technological process; organizational process;
management process; administrative process. 3. The business process model allows us to distinguish processes
from the activities of the economy, and sets the rules for designing
1. INTRODUCTION a business process in the form of “to-be” based on processes of
A dynamically changing world affects all business processes of the “as-is” type.
the economy. The activity of any economy is reduced to a set of 4. The business process model allows us to design it for
processes or business processes. In connection with the
automation by highlighting the metamodel and service model.
emergence of new technologies and solutions, as well as due to
That is, this model should ensure the design of a business process
changes in the external and production environment, it is
automation system based on a “to-be” type business process
necessary to change the functions and parameters of the processes design.
and business processes of the economy.
5. The business process model allows us to design platforms for
ICEMIS'20 (DTESI’20), September 14–16, 2020, Almaty, Kazakhstan
© 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. automating business processes of given class of a problem area. In
ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-7736-2/20/06$15.00 our work, we believe that the platform is an extended version of
the model.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3410352.3410783
6. The business process model allows us to design the interaction
of the system with other systems through integration buses.
In the future, this model should allow us to assess the complexity 2. From the activities of the economy to determine and highlight
of creating the system that is planned to be designed. all the individual processes necessary to achieve the selected
business task. Here we need to show a technique that tells us what
In this paper we believe that the business process of logistics is processes are needed.
the prototype of the business process, the features of which we are
considering. 3. To determine the characteristics of each process of the “as-is”
type, which will allow achieving a business task.
Let us define some concepts:
4. Design processes in the form of “to-be” based on processes of
- A subject area (or subject space) is a collection of real processes the form “as-is”.
and objects that are of interest to its users. As a result of the design, the business process is presented in the
- A subject area is a part of the real world that must be studied form of a conceptual model of SIS and many independent
with the aim of organizing management and, ultimately, processes into one common process of the “to-be” type or in the
automation. The subject area is represented by many fragments, form of many specialized interrelated processes.
for example, an enterprise - workshops, directorate, accounting, A business process model allows us to design it for automation by
etc. Each fragment of the subject area is characterized by many extracting from it a metamodel (MM) and a service model for
objects and processes that use objects, as well as many users, each business operation in MM. In other words, this model should
characterized by different views on the subject area. provide the design of an automation system for business processes
- The problem area - consists of objects and processes of a closed based on the project of the business process in the form of “to-
material Euclidean space, with defined boundaries, as well as be”.
business tasks (and methods for solving them) that arise from the A business process model will allow us to design platforms for
observer’s desire space based on observation and control of both the design of business processes and their automation of a
comparing the desired value and the current value of the given class of problem area.
Euclidean parameters space. In the work, it is believed that the platform is an extended version
From these definitions it follows: of the model.

Corollary 1. Two metric spaces (or functioning spaces of two 4. THE NEED FOR A MODEL FOR THE
companies) constitute one problem area if they have the same
objects and means of labor and at the same time have similar
DESIGN OF BUSINESS PROCESSES AND
business tasks. AN AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR
The class “problem area” is a business task of one class. An
MANAGING IT
instance of the class “problem area” - a business task is achieved According to the results of the analysis of the class instance of the
by individual infrastructure and objects of labor. A complete or problem area, the carrier of which is the activity of the selected
general problem area in a particular sector of the national economy and its processes and business processes, a model is
economy is that where one single business task arises. needed to simplify the design processes.
In the event of a multitude of tasks arising in a particular
A local problem area is a problem area in which problems are problematic area of the economy, including designing new or
homogeneous and are part or decomposition of a common redesigning existing processes or business processes, it makes no
problem area. sense to conduct the project process from scratch. It is better to
We give a definition of the processes and business processes of use the experience gained in previous design processes and apply
the problem area, because they flow from one another: new ones to the design process.

- The processes are not interconnected, but all together allow us to One of the ways to use the accumulated experience is a business
achieve a common business goal. process model, as it can reflect the system specifications of the
designed facility. Business process modeling is an accumulating
- A business process arises as a result of the integration of experience of the past design period.
processes that allow and create conditions for achieving a
When using the model, a contradiction always arises between the
business goal. universal and specialized function of the model. An effective
3. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNING solution to this contradiction is the choice of a particular problem
area as a space of competencies.
BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BASED ON
We take a certain problem area as a class. We build the model
BUSINESS PROCESSES according to the classes of the “problem area”, for example, the
Currently, no one is surprised at the statement that “managing a area of logistics: storage, transportation, sale. The instances of
company’s activities comes down to managing a set of processes these classes are as follows:
and / or business processes.” However, the principle of designing
processes and business processes remains the same, as with a - storage of goods: storage warehouse, customs warehouse,
functional approach. distribution, commercial warehouse, as well as raw materials
warehouse, component warehouse, etc.
We believe that the process and platform require a new design
approach. The most promising is the process approach to - transportation of goods: sea, air, rail, road, etc. Note that the
designing company activities. class of the “problem area of road transportation” can be divided
into several subclasses.
The methodology for designing business processes is as follows:
- sale of goods: online store with a wide network, with many
1. Define business objectives. warehouses, etc.
Thus, to solve the design problem in work, it is proposed to build 2. Presentation of the designed system as a tool for the
a business process model that should ensure the effective implementation of the business process.
implementation of a number of tasks and functions of business 3. The maximum use of instrumentation in the form of diagrams,
processes in a given class: based on architecture.
1. The business process model should be multi-purpose based on 4. Use of the platform. The design of IS is based on platform
the requirements of the business or business tasks. It shows in this technology in this way:
given class of the “problem area” what processes are needed to
achieve the chosen business goal, which should be part of and be • establishing a business process;
the basis of the business process. • maximum use of tools in the form of diagrams, simplification
2. The business process model should have the SIS for the and automation tools for design processes, namely: CASE
designed area. diagrams, platforms, frameworks, plug-in, services, etc.;
The construction of a model that meets the above requirements • building the architecture of IP software and conducting the
should be based on a strategy. Strategies can be for various design process based on architecture. IP architecture is focused on
purposes. The concepts of automation of the economy (including business processes;
logistics processes) consist of three sections and are presented as • we design architecture components based on the platform;
follows:
• presentation of the business process according to the new
Section No. 1. Definition of a business process. concept of presentation;
The definition of business processes is achieved by the model. • presentation of the designed system as a tool of the business
The business process is an instrument of labor, and it is an process.
intermediary between the plan (and / or application) and the
Thus, in the framework of new concepts, a business process has a
process of its implementation in the existing production
complex composition and structure compared to processes (simple
environment.
processes). Those according to a new understanding, the business
A business process consists of many special processes and, each process and the process are not the same thing. And the business
process consists of a metamodel and services. Coordinated work process must be built so that it is adapted for automation.
of special processes is provided by the model. Moreover, if the IS is planned to be built on the basis of the use of
Section No. 2. Definition of an information system (IS). the platform, the formulation of the concept will be such that the
system characteristics of the IS are built within the platform.
The construction of IS is based on architecture, which in turn is
determined on the basis of the selected model. Construction Due to the fact that the structure and composition of the business
options are determined by the features of the business process, its process is very complex, it is necessary to imagine the framework
infrastructure and the environment. An automated version of the of the business process. This is achieved in a model way.
business process is presented in the form of a metamodel and a set Summing up, it can be noted that according to the new concept,
of services (technically, these services can be a single library that the business process:
is located on one or more computers, or on different computers of
• acts as an object of the outside world;
a distributed network (from right-hander servers) connected
through registries. • Must be observable, supervised and manageable;
Thus, the options for building IS can be as follows: • is a tool for the implementation of plans, connecting link of the
plan with production elements. In the course of fulfillment of
1. The main part or core of the IS consists of the metamodel (or
production tasks (which come from the production plan or from
BPEL services) of business processes, as well as the metamodel
any customer), the business process is planned and provided as a
(or BPEL services) of all special processes of the business
tool of labor is subject to regulation and management, therefore it
process. Perhaps services to metamodels (or to BPEL services) of
should be manageable.
business processes and special processes of a business process are
stored and run on one computer. The business process, as a production unit and a tool of labor, is
intended for the production of goods. Moreover, the business
2. IS consists of the integration of aggregates of special systems or
process for the implementation of the production task, which is
modules located on one or more computers.
formed from the plan must perceive the subject of labor. For this,
3. The infrastructure of the business process can be arranged in the business process must have means of perception, i.e. sensory /
the form of services and stored as separate or several modules on perceptual system and perform "processing operations" on the
one computer or system. Different systems or modules work with subject of labor.
these services.
Thus, the essence of the functioning of the business process
4. Each special process can be arranged as a separate system with should be to serve the applications that are laid down in the plan.
its own metamodels and service models. Moreover, if the number of applications is more than two, then the
Among these options, we select the most preferable from the point business process acts as a queuing system (QS) or an individual
of view of the peculiarities of the infrastructure and production service system (ISS) of applications. All these features of the
environment of the business process. business process should be reflected in the business process
model.
Section No. 3. IS design.
Thus, in order to fulfill production tasks, the business process
We design IS based on the architecture and model of the business must provide interaction:
process, which consists of the following steps (procedures):
1) technological operations,
1. Establishment of a business process model.
2) various types of performers, for example: people, stationary in the control loop, for example, a robot executor or a formal
systems and virtual robots, as well as mobile systems or robots system, then this approach to the description of the process does
with leaders, not ensure the implementation of the business process in reality.
3) various resources. For a formal system, it is necessary to show all the actions for the
implementation of each step of the processes.
Moreover, the business process links various production factors
during the implementation of the production plan or applications It can be seen from this that, unlike processes, a business process
that arise from the plan. All this is achieved using special business performs many tasks, for example, administration and execution
processes. strategy, organization of management processes and management
of technological operations, as well as providing the main types of
Special processes that are part of business processes ensure the resources for performing technological processes and business
harmonization of the work of all these links and combine the processes in general. In addition, other types of resources should
subject of labor and the means of labor with performers (including be provided with processes for ensuring selection of objects of
mobile and stationary in space loosely coupled systems) and labor, selection and processing of applications, etc. All this must
responsible persons within the framework of institutional support be done by the business process.
and the production environment.
Thus, a business process has a complex structure, performs many
In addition, during the production need, the business processes of tasks and functions, and has a complex description.
various farms or organizations, or enterprises must integrate with
each other. To perform certain operations, it is necessary to determine and
select the executors, choose the subject of labor and serve the
The integration of the business process of one economy with the applications. All these system and operational processes should be
business process of another economy must be performed on the reflected in the model. System features should be reflected in
basis of system data about the business process and the problem conceptual models, and operational activities should be reflected
area. Models that carry system data of those business processes in other operating models.
that must be integrated with each other, as well as data about their
environment, are implemented: A model that must satisfy the above requirements cannot be
satisfied with a single monolithic model. Instead, we propose a
• only the production environment, if business processes are composite model consisting of many separate models, but each of
integrated by executors, which are only stationary systems, or them displays individual aspects of a holistic business process.
• the external environment, if business processes are integrated, All these processes in the model must be reflected and covered.
the executors of which are mobile systems (robots). In mobile Therefore, the business process model as a derivative of a
systems, the functioning space is defined as a SIS. combination of individual local models that reflect individual
We assume that this system data that is needed for the integration aspects of the business process is presented in [3]. In these works,
of business processes is contained in the conceptual model in the the business process model is presented in graphical form. In this
form of the SIS. paper, we will present the same model in the form of a symbolic
form, but with the same established functions.
Thus, the integration processes of business processes are carried
out by a conceptual model: Thus, a general business process model consists of three types or
groups of models.
a) a group of a specialized process,
Conceptual models - reflect the features of the problem area and
b) a business process of a local problem area,
business processes in it.
c) a business process of a problem area, which should determine a
Logical models - inform which special processes have a business
plan for integrating business processes of various farms.
process in this problem area. In simplified form, this model
To do this, it must have information about the internal structure of consists of a list of identifiers of special processes as part of a
the business process of the entire problem area (economy) or the business process and the purpose of each of them.
business process of the local problem area.
Operational models - consist of operations or business operations
And operational processes for the implementation of business of a business process are presented in two versions. First, before
processes should be carried out by operational models, and they the creation of business processes at the stage of the pre-project
should ensure the implementation or implement production plans. survey of the problem area in the form of an “as-is” diagram, and
Thus, a business process model should reflect the specifications of then during the design, business processes are converted and
all these aspects of business processes. presented in the “to-be” view and fixed in the form of “to-be
diagrams”.
5. THE STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION Thus, the business process is carried out in two stages: before and
OF THE BUSINESS PROCESS MODEL after design. Therefore, the model should have two options:

Note the features of the process description, not the business M = MAS-IS  MTO-BE (1)
process. Where:
Processes reflect only technological operations, but do not 1) MAS-IS - a business process model before designing. The state
indicate how these operations are performed and how the process model is a pre-project set of processes. Model of the
management process is organized. In this regard, the performer- initial state of processes. This version of the model is a set of
man himself must guess and execute, such a process is focused on processes taken from a problem area not formulated in business
the person, that is human centric. All special processes must be processes.
performed by the person who is directly in the control loop and
replaces all special functions and processes. And if a person is not
2) MTO-BE - The model provides a template for the design of Assumption 1. We assume that in the MTO-BE and MAS-IS
business processes. During the design process, this model is models, the conceptual process models are the same and differ in
transformed from a model of the MAS-IS type to a model of the the metamodels of operational processes as part of the business
MTO-BE type. process.
The transformation or design process is presented in the form: Based on the assumption, we assume the following. Private
MTO-BE = F(MAS-IS) (2) models of operational processes are interconnected. And after
designing, private models give rise to new processes and,
Where: F (*) - design operator or operator for converting a accordingly, new models.
process model into a business process model F (*).
The model is mainly composed of characters, and each character 6. CONCLUSION
is described by XML tags. The main statement of this work is that the business process exists
independently of us and is a tool that implements the production
5.1 Business process model in the form of plan through integration and systematization, as well as
MAS-IS and MTO-BE harmonization of the work of many production elements or links.
5.1.1 Business process model in the form of MAS-IS Thus, a business process consists of many specialized processes
that are reflected in the model.
The model of the current business process of pre-design consists
of a conceptual model and a model of a set of processes. The All these properties of business processes must be reflected or
system is a business process infrastructure. covered in the model.
Designing a business process automation system comes down to 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
designing «as-is» to «to-be» charts.
This work was supported by the research project of targeted
MAS-IS = M = ∪7𝑖=1 𝐾𝑀𝑖 (3)
funding BR05236517.
or
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DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3368691.3368717
Principles of forming the MTO-BE model. First, we give an
assumption.
Authors’ background
Your Name Title* Research Field Personal website

Zhyldyz Kalpeyeva PhD, assistant professor Business processes, Cloud www.iitu.kz

computing, Logistics
Aizhan Kassymova PhD, assistant professor Business processes, www.iitu.kz
Logistics, e-commerce,
computer networks
Timur Umarov PhD, associate professor Business processes, www.iitu.kz
Logistics
Akkyz Mustafina c.t.s., associate professor Business processes, www.iitu.kz
Logistics, Cloud
computing
Nurzhan Mukazhanov PhD, assistant professor Business processes, www.iitu.kz
Logistics, Cloud
computing, Big Data