CHAPTER – 9

RATIO AND PROPORTION

Exercise 9.1
Page No: 9.6

Question 1: If x: y = 3: 5, find the ratio 3x + 4y: 8x + 5y

T IO S I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
Given x: y = 3: 5
A
We can write above equation as

PY
DO U A
𝑥 3
=
T
𝑦 5
ED PR

5𝑥 = 3𝑦
3𝑦
C

𝑥 =
5
©

By substituting the value of x in given equation 3x + 4y: 8x + 5y we get,

3𝑦 3𝑦
3𝑥 + 4𝑦: 8𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 3 ( ) + 4𝑦: 8 ( ) + 5𝑦
5 5
(9𝑦 + 20𝑦) (24𝑦 + 25𝑦)
= :
5 5
29𝑦 49𝑦
= :
5 5

= 29𝑦: 49𝑦
= 29: 49
Question 2: If x: y = 8: 9, find the ratio (7x – 4y): 3x + 2y.
Solution:
Given x: y = 8: 9
We can write above equation as
𝑥 8
=
𝑦 9

9𝑥 = 8𝑦

T IO S
8𝑦
𝑥 =

I
9

NO A D
By substituting the value of x in the given equation (7x – 4y): 3x + 2y

CO N
A
we get,

PY
8𝑦 8𝑦
DO U A
(7𝑥 – 4𝑦): 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7 ( ) − 4𝑦: 3 ( ) : + 2𝑦
9 9
T
ED PR

(56𝑦 – 36𝑦) 42𝑦

= :
9 9
20𝑦 42𝑦
= :
C

9 9
©

= 20𝑦: 42𝑦
= 20: 42
= 10: 21

Question 3: If two numbers are in the ratio 6: 13 and their L.C.M is

312, find the numbers.
Solution:
Given two numbers are in the ratio 6: 13
Let the required number be 6x and 13x
The LCM of 6x and 13x is 78x
= 78𝑥 = 312
312
𝑥 = ( )
78

𝑥 = 4
Thus the numbers are 6x = 6 (4) = 24
13x = 13 (4) = 52

T IO S
Question 4: Two numbers are in the ratio 3: 5. If 8 is added to each

I
number, the ratio becomes 2:3. Find the numbers.
NO A D
CO N
Solution:
A
Let the required numbers be 3x and 5x

PY
DO U A

Given that if 8 is added to each other than ratio becomes 2: 3

T
ED PR

That is 3𝑥 + 8: 5𝑥 + 8 = 2: 3
(3𝑥 + 8) 2
=
C

(5𝑥 + 8) 3
©

3 (3𝑥 + 8) = 2 (5𝑥 + 8)
9𝑥 + 24 = 10𝑥 + 16
By transposing
24 – 16 = 10𝑥 – 9𝑥
𝑥=8
Thus the numbers are 3𝑥 = 3 (8) = 24
And 5𝑥 = 5 (8) = 40
Question 5: What should be added to each term of the ratio 7: 13 so
that the ratio becomes 2: 3
Solution:
Let the number to be added is x
2
Then (7 + 𝑥 ) + (13 + 𝑥 ) = ( )
3

(7 + 𝑥 )3 = 2(13 + 𝑥)

T IO S
21 + 3𝑥 = 26 + 2𝑥

I
3𝑥 – 2𝑥 = 26 – 21
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 = 5
A
Hence the required number is 5

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 6: Three numbers are in the ratio 2: 3: 5 and the sum of

these numbers is 800. Find the numbers
C

Solution:
©

Given that three numbers are in the ratio 2: 3: 5 and sum of them is 800
Therefore, sum of the terms of the ratio = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10
2
First number = ( ) × 800
10

= 2 × 80
= 160
3
Second number = ( ) × 800
10

= 3 × 80
= 240
 5
Third number = ( ) × 800
10

= 5 × 80
= 400
The three numbers are 160, 240 and 400

Question 7: The ages of two persons are in the ratio 5: 7. Eighteen

T IO S
years ago their ages were in the ratio 8: 13. Find their present ages.

I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
Let present ages of two persons be 5x and 7x
A
Given ages of two persons are in the ratio 5: 7

PY
DO U A

And also given that 18 years ago their ages were in the ratio 8: 13
T
ED PR

(5𝑥 – 18) 8
Therefore (7𝑥 = ( )
– 18) 13
C

13 (5𝑥 – 18) = 8 (7𝑥 – 18)

©

65𝑥 – 234 = 56𝑥 – 144

65𝑥 – 56𝑥 = 234 – 144
9𝑥 = 90
𝑥 = 90/9
𝑥 = 10
Thus the ages are 5x = 5 (10) = 50 years
And 7x = 7 (10) = 70 years
Question 8: Two numbers are in the ratio 7: 11. If 7 is added to each
of the numbers, the ratio becomes 2: 3. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the required numbers be 7x and 11x
If 7 is added to each of them then
(7𝑥 + 7) 2
(11𝑥 + 7)
= ( )
3

T IO S
3 (7𝑥 + 7) = 2 (11𝑥 + 7)

I
21𝑥 + 21 = 22𝑥 + 14
NO A D
CO N
22𝑥 – 21𝑥 = 21 – 14
A
𝑥 = 21 – 14 = 7

PY
DO U A

Thus the numbers are 7𝑥 = 7 (7) = 49

T
ED PR

And 11𝑥 = 11 (7) = 77

C
©

Question 9: Two numbers are in the ratio 2: 7. 11 the sum of the

numbers is 810. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Given two numbers are in the ratio 2: 7
And their sum = 810
Sum of terms in the ratio = 2 + 7 = 9
2
First number = ( ) × 810
9

= 2 × 90
= 180
 7
Second number = ( ) × 810
9

= 7 × 90
= 630

Question 10: Divide Rs 1350 between Ravish and Shikha in the ratio
2: 3.

T IO S
Solution:

I
Given total amount to be divided = 1350
NO A D
CO N
Sum of the terms of the ratio = 2 + 3 = 5
A
2

PY
Ravish share of money = ( ) × 1350
DO U A
5
T
= 2 × 270
ED PR

= Rs. 540
C

3
And Shikha’s share of money = ( ) × 1350
©

= 3 × 270
= Rs. 810
11. Divide Rs 2000 among P, Q, R in the ratio 2: 3: 5.
Solution:
Given total amount to be divided = 2000
Sum of the terms of the ratio = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10
2
P’s share of money = ( ) × 2000
10

= 2 × 200
= Rs. 400
 3
And Q’s share of money = ( ) × 2000
10

= 3 × 200
= 𝑅𝑠. 600
5
And R’s share of money = ( ) × 2000
10

= 5 × 200
= Rs. 1000

T IO S I
NO A D
Question 12: The boys and the girls in a school are in the ratio 7:4.

CO N
A
If total strength of the school be 550, find the number of boys and

PY
girls.
DO U A

Solution:
T
ED PR

Given that boys and the girls in a school are in the ratio 7:4
Sum of the terms of the ratio = 7 + 4 = 11
C
©

Total strength = 550

7
Boys strength = ( ) × 550
11

= 7 × 50
= 350
4
Girls strength = ( ) × 550
11

= 4 × 50
= 200
Question 13: The ratio of monthly income to the savings of a family
is 7: 2. If the savings be of Rs. 500, find the income and expenditure.
Solution:
Given that the ratio of income and savings is 7: 2
Let the savings be 2x
2x = 500
So, x = 250

T IO S
Therefore,

I
NO A D
Income = 7x

CO N
A
Income = 7 × 250 = 1750

PY
DO U A
Expenditure = Income – savings
T
= 1750 – 500
ED PR

= Rs.1250
C
©

Question 14: The sides of a triangle are in the ratio 1: 2: 3. If the

perimeter is 36 cm, find its sides.
Solution:
Given sides of a triangle are in the ratio 1: 2: 3
Perimeter = 36cm
Sum of the terms of the ratio = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6
1
First side = ( ) × 36
6

= 6cm
2
Second side = ( ) × 36
6
=2×6
= 12cm
3
Third side = ( ) × 36
6

=6×3
= 18cm

T IO S
Question 15: A sum of Rs 5500 is to be divided between Raman and

I
Amen in the rate 2: 3. How much will each get?
NO A D
CO N
Solution:
A
Given total amount to be divided = 5500

PY
DO U A

Sum of the terms of the ratio = 2 + 3 = 5

T
ED PR

2
Raman’s share of money = ( ) × 5500
5
C

= 2 × 1100
©

= Rs. 2200
3
And Aman’s share of money = ( ) × 5500
5

= 3 × 1100
= Rs. 3300

Question 16: The ratio of zinc and copper in an alloy is 7: 9. It the

weight of the copper in the alloy is 11.7 kg, find the weight of the
zinc in the alloy.
Solution:
Given that ratio of zinc and copper in an alloy is 7: 9
Let their ratio = 7x: 9x
Weight of copper = 11.7kg
9𝑥 = 11.7
11.7
𝑥=
9

𝑥 = 1.3
Weight of the zinc in the alloy = 1.3 × 7

T IO S
= 9.10kg

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 17: In the ratio 7: 8. If the consequent is 40, what the
antecedent?

PY
DO U A

Solution:
T
ED PR

Given ratio = 7: 8
Let the ratio of consequent and antecedent 7x: 8x
C
©

Consequent = 40
8𝑥 = 40
40
𝑥 =
8

𝑥 = 5
Antecedent = 7𝑥 = 7 × 5 = 35

Question 18: Divide Rs 351 into two parts such that one may be to
the other as 2: 7.
Solution:
Given total amount is to be divided = 351
Ratio 2: 7
The sum of terms = 2 + 7
=9
2
First ratio of amount = ( ) × 351
9

= 2 × 39
= Rs. 78

T IO S
7
Second ratio of amount = ( ) × 351

I
9

NO A D
= 7 × 39

CO N
A
= Rs. 273

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 19: Find the ratio of the price of pencil to that of ball pen,
if pencil cost Rs.16 per score and ball pen cost Rs.8.40 per dozen.
C

Solution:
©

One score contains 20 pencils

And cost per score = 16
Therefore, pencil cost = 16/20
= Rs. 0.80
Cost of one dozen ball pen = 8.40
1 dozen = 12
Therefore, cost of pen = 8.40/12
= Rs 0.70
Ratio of the price of pencil to that of ball pen = 0.80/0.70
= 8/7
= 8: 7

Question 20: In a class, one out of every six students fails. If there
are 42 students in the class, how many pass?
Solution:
Given, total number of students = 42
One out of 6 student fails

T IO S
x out of 42 students

I
16 = NO A D
𝑥

CO N
42
A
42
𝑥 =

PY
6
DO U A

𝑥 = 7
T
ED PR

Number of students who fail = 7 students

No of students who pass =Total students – Number of students who fail
C
©

= 42 – 7
= 35 students.

Exercise 9.2
Page No: 9.10
Question 1: Which ratio is larger in the following pairs?
(i) 3: 4 or 9: 16
(ii) 15: 16 or 24: 25
(iii) 4: 7 or 5: 8
(iv) 9: 20 or 8: 13
(v) 1: 2 or 13: 27
Solution:
(i) Given 3: 4 or 9: 16
LCM for 4 and 16 is 16
3
3: 4 can be written as =
4
3 4 12
×( )=
4 4 16

T IO S
9
And we have

I
16
NO A D
CO N
Clearly 12 > 9
A
Therefore 3: 4 > 9: 16

PY
DO U A
(ii) Given 15: 16 or 24: 25
T
ED PR

LCM for 16 and 25 is 400

15
15: 16 can be written as =
C

16
©

15 25 375
× ( )=
16 25 400
24
And we have
25
24 16 384
× ( )=
25 16 400

Clearly 384 > 375

Therefore 15: 16 < 24: 25
(iii) Given 4: 7 or 5: 8
LCM for 7 and 8 is 56
4
4: 7 can be written as =
7
4 8 32
× ( )=
7 8 56
5
And we have
8
5 7 35
× ( )=
8 7 56

Clearly 35 > 32
Therefore 4: 7 < 5: 8

T IO S
(iv) Given 9: 20 or 8: 13

I
LCM for 20 and 13 is 260
NO A D
CO N
9
9: 20 can be written as =
A
20

PY
9 13 117
DO U A
× ( )=
20 13 260
T
8
ED PR

And we have
13
8 20 160
× ( )=
C

13 20 260
©

Clearly 160 > 117

Therefore 9: 20 < 8: 13
(v) Given 1: 2 or 13: 27
LCM for 2 and 27 is 54
1
1: 2 can be written as =
2
1 27 27
× ( )=
2 27 54
13
And we have
27
13 2 26
× ( )=
27 2 54
Clearly 27 > 26
Therefore 1: 2 > 13: 27

Question 2: Give the equivalent ratios of 6: 8.

Solution:
Given 6: 8
By multiplying both numerator and denominator by 2 we equivalent

T IO S
ratios

I
6
NO A D
× ( )=
2 12

CO N
8 2 16
A
And also by dividing both numerator and denominator by 2 we

PY
DO U A
equivalent ratios
T
6
ED PR

(2) 3
8 =
(2) 4
C

Two equivalent ratios are 3: 4 = 12: 16

©

Question 3: Fill in the following blanks:

𝟏𝟐
= …. /5 = 9/….
𝟐𝟎

Solution:
12 3 9
= =
20 5 15

Explanation:
12
Consider = …. /5
20

Let unknown value be x

 12 𝑥
Therefore =
20 5

On cross multiplying
60
x=
20

x=3
12
Consider = 9/….
20

Let the unknown value be y

T IO S
12

I
Therefore = 9/y
NO A D
20

CO N
On cross multiplying we get
A
180

PY
y=
DO U A
12
T
y = 15
ED PR
C

Exercise 9.3
©

Page No: 9.13

Question 1: Find which of the following are in proportion?
(i) 33, 44, 66, 88
(ii) 46, 69, 69, 46
(iii) 72, 84, 186, 217
Solution:
(i) Given 33, 44, 66, 88
Product of extremes = 33 × 88 = 2904
Product of means = 44 × 66 = 2904
Therefore, product of extremes = product of means
Hence given numbers are in proportion.
(ii) Given 46, 69, 69, 46
Product of extremes = 46 × 46 = 2116
Product of means = 69 × 69 = 4761
Therefore, product of extremes is not equal to product of means
Hence given numbers are not in proportion.
(iii) Given 72, 84, 186, 217

T IO S I
Product of extremes = 72 × 217 = 15624
NO A D
CO N
Product of means = 84 × 186 = 15624
A
Therefore, product of extremes = product of means

PY
DO U A
Hence given numbers are in proportion.
T
ED PR

Question 2: Find x in the following proportions:

C

(i) 16: 18 = x: 96
©

(ii) x: 92 = 87: 116

Solution:
(i) Given 16: 18 = x: 96
In proportion we know that product of extremes = product of means
16 𝑥
=
18 96

On cross multiplying
(18 × 96)
x=
16
256
x=
3
(ii) Given x: 92 = 87: 116
In proportion we know that product of extremes = product of means
𝑥 87
=
92 116

On cross multiplying
(87 × 92)
𝑥 =
116

𝑥 = 69

T IO S I
NO A D
Question 3: The ratio of income to the expenditure of a family is 7:

CO N
A
6. Find the savings if the income is Rs.1400.

PY
Solution:
DO U A
T
Given that income = 1400
ED PR

Given the ratio of income and expenditure = 7: 6

C

7x = 1400
©

Therefore, x = 200
Expenditure = 6x = 6 × 200 = Rs.1200
Savings = Income – Expenditure
= 1400 -1200
= Rs.200

Question 4: The scale of a map is 1: 4000000. What is the actual

distance between the two towns if they are 5cm apart on the map?
Solution:
Given that the scale of map = 1: 4000000
Let us assume the actual distance between towns is x cm
1: 4000000 =5: x
𝑥 = 5 × 4000000
𝑥 = 20000000 cm
We know that 1km = 1000 m
1m = 100 cm

T IO S
Therefore

I
x = 200 km
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 5: The ratio of income of a person to his savings is 10: 1. If

PY
DO U A
his savings for one year is Rs.6000, what is his income per month?
T
ED PR

Solution:
Given that the ratio of income of a person to his savings is 10: 1
C

Savings per year = 6000

©

6000
Savings per month =
12

= Rs.500
Then let income per month be x
𝑥: 500 = 10: 1
𝑥 = 500 × 10
𝑥 = 5000
Income per month is Rs. 5000
Question 6: An electric pole casts a shadow of length 20 meters at a
time when a tree 6 meters high casts a shadow of length 8 meters.
Find the height of the pole.
Solution:
Given that length electric pole shadow is 20m
Height of the tree: Length of the shadow of tree
Height of the pole: Length of the shadow of pole

T IO S
𝑥: 20 = 6: 8

I
120
𝑥 =
NO A D
CO N
8
A
𝑥 = 15

PY
DO U A
Therefore, height of the pole is 15 meters
T
ED PR
C
©