Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

Tracing of algebraic curves

Standard equations of parabolas

Standard equation of circle:

(2)

( x−h )2 + ( y−k )2 = r 2

Centre (h, k) and radius r Fig (1)

(1)
2 2
x +y = r2

Centre (0,0) and radius r, Fig. (2)

General equation of circle: x 2 + y 2 +2gx +2fy +c = 0 , Centre (-g, -f)

Standard equations of ellipse

2 2
x y
2 + 2= 1 major axis along x-axis
a b

Focus F(± c ,0)

Length of major axis =2a

2
2b
Length of latus rectum=
a

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

2 2
y x
2 + 2= 1
a b

major axis along y axis

Focus (0 , ± c)

Standard equations of hyperbola:

2 2 2 2
x y y x
2
− 2 =1 2
− 2 =1
a b a b

General equation of line: ax + by +c = 0

For tracing of curves

(i) Use the standard equations of the curves.

(ii) put x = 0 this will give the point where the curve cuts y - axis, and

put y = 0 this will give the point where the curve cuts x - axis.

(iii) If two curves intersect each other solve for the point of intersection by solving the two

equations simultaneously

(iv) the curve can also be traced by drawing the table for x and y co-ordinates.
(v) If there is modulus function put modulus part equal to zero and find the turning point and

then where the curve cuts the x-axis and y- axis, using the step in (ii).

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

(vi) The equation of line passing through two points (x 1 , y 1 ) and (x 2 , y 2 ) is

y 2− y 1
y− y 1= ( x−x 1 )
x2− x1

Theorem1.Area of bounded regions: let f (x) be the

continuous function defined on the [ a , b ], then the area

bounded by the curve y=f (x ), the x-axis and

the straight line x=a∧x=b

b b

is given by ∫ f ( x ) dx=∫ y dx
a a

Note: If the curve y = f (x) lies below x-axis, then the area bounded by
y=f ( x ) , y=0 , x=a , x =b

Will be negative, so in this situation we take

the modulus of the area i.e., the area is

|∫ |
b

represented by f ( x ) dx
a

Theorem2. The area A of the region bounded by

the curve x = g (y), y-axis and the lines y = c, y = d is given by

d d

A ¿ ∫ x dy=∫ g( y )dy
c c

Note: If the curve x = g(x ) lies left side of y-axis, then the area

bounded by x=g ( y ) , x =0 , y=c , y =d

Will be negative, so in this situation we take the modulus of the area i.e., the area is represented

| |
d

by ∫ g( y)dy
c

Generally, it may happen that some portion of the

curve is above x-axis and some is below the x-axis as

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

shown in the Fig 8.4. Here, A1< 0 and A2> 0. Therefore, the area A bounded by the curve y = f
(x), x-axis and the ordinates x = a and x = b is

given by A = | A 1|+ A 2

Area between Two Curves.

Theorem3.The area bounded between the curves

y=f (x ) and y=g (x) is given by
b

∫ [ f ( x )−g(x) ] dx where x=a , x=b are the abscissa

a

of the point of intersection of two curves y=f ( x )∧¿

y=g (x) and f ( x ) > g(x )∀ xϵ (a ,b)

Note: If f ( x ) ≥ g ( x ) ∈ [ a , c ] and

f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) ∈ [ c , b ] , a< c< b, then

c b

Area ¿ ∫ [ f ( x )−g ( x) ] dx−∫ [ g ( x )−f (x) ] d

a c

Example 1: Find the area enclosed by the circle x 2+ y 2=a2

Solution.

From Fig 8.5, the whole area enclosed by the given circle = 4 (area of the
region AOBA bounded by the curve, x-axis and the ordinates x = 0 and x = a

[ as the circle is symmetrical about both x-axis and y-axis]

a

= 4 ∫ ydx (taking vertical strip)

0

= 4 ∫ √ a −x dx, since x 2+ y 2=a2 gives y=± √ a2−x 2

2 2

As the region AOBA lies in the first quadrant, y is taken as positive. Integrating, we get the whole area
enclosed by the given circle

[ ] [( ) ]
2 a 2
x a x a a
= 4 √ a2−x 2+ sin−1 =
−1
×0+ sin 1 −0
2 2 a 0 2 2
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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

( )
2
a π 2
=4 =π a
2 2
2 2
x y
Example 2: Find the area enclosed by the ellipse 2 + 2 =1
a b

Solution. From Fig 8.7, the area of the region ABA′B′A bounded by

the ellipse = 4 (area of the region AOBA the first quadrant bounded by
the curve, x axis and the ordinates x=0 , x=a )

(as the ellipse is symmetrical about both x-axis and y-axis)

a
= 4 ∫ ydx (taking vertical strip)
0

2 2
x y b 2 2
,as 2
+ 2 =1 , gives y =± √ a −x , but as the region AOBA lies in the first quadrant, y is taken as
a b a
a
b 2 2
positive. So, the required area is = 4 ∫
a
√ a −x dx
0

[ ] [( ) ]
2 a 2
4b x 2 2 a −1 x 4b a a
=
a 2
√ a −x + sin
2
=
a 0 a 2 2
−1
×0+ sin 1 −0

( )
2
4b a π
= =¿ πab
a 2 2

Example 3: Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = x 2 and the line y = 4.

Solution. To obtain the area of the region AOBA. For this we solve the
equations y = x 2 and y = 4. Which gives x=2∧x=−2

Thus, the region AOBA may be stated as region bounded by the curve y = 2
x
and y = 4 and the ordinates x=2∧x=−2
2
Therefore, area of the region AOBA is given by ∫ ydx
−2

= [ y = ( y-coordinate of Q) – (y-coordinate of P) = 4 – x 2 ]

2
= 2∫ ( 4−x ) dx
2
Since the given curve y = x 2 is a parabola symmetrical about y-axis only.
0

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

[ ] [ ]
2
x3 8 32
= 2 4 x− =2 4 ×2− =
3 0 3 3

Example 4: Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line

y = x, and the circle x 2+ y 2 = 32.

Solution. The given equations are

y=x… (1)
2 2
and x + y = 32 … (2)

Solving (1) and (2), we find that the line and the circle meet at B (4, 4) in the
first quadrant (as shown in Fig.). Draw perpendicular BM to the x-axis.

Therefore, the required area = area of the region OBMO + area of the region BMAB.

Now, the area of the region OBMO is

( ) =( 162 −0)=8 ¿
4 4 2 4
x
∫ ydx =¿∫ xdx= 2
… (3)
0 0 0

Again, the area of the region BMAB

4 √2 4 √2

= ∫ ydx =¿ ∫ √ 32−x 2 dx ¿
4 4

[ ]
4√2
1 1 x
= x √ 32−x 2+ sin−1
2 2 4√2 4

= ( 12 4 √ 2× 0+ 12 ×32 sin 1)−( 42 √ 32−16+ 12 × 32× sin √12 )

−1 −1

= 8 π−( 8+ 4 π ) =4 π−8 … (4)

Adding (3) and (4), we get, the required area = 4π.

2 2
Example 5: Find the area bounded by the ellipse x + y =1 and the
2 2
a b
ordinates x = 0 and x = ae, where, b 2=a2 (1 – e 2 ¿ and e < 1.

Solution. The required area (Fig 8.12) of the region BOB′RFSB is

enclosed by the ellipse and the lines x = 0 and x = ae.

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

Note that the area of the region BOB′RFSB

ae ae
2b
= ∫ ydx = ∫ √ a2−x 2 dx
a 0
0

[ ]
ae
2b x 2 2 a2 −1 x
=
a 2
√ a −x + 2 sin a
0

2b
=
2a
[ ae √ a2−a 2 e 2 +a2 sin−1 e ]

= ab [ e √ 1−e 2+ sin−1 e ]

EXERCISE 8.1

Question 1. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y 2 = x and the lines x = 1, x = 4
and the x-axis.

Solution: The area of the region bounded by the curve, 2 = x,

y
the lines, x = 1 and x = 4, and the x-axis is the area ABCD.
4

Area ABCD = ∫ ydx

1

4
¿ ∫ √ x dx
1

[ ]
3 4
2 2 2 14
x = [ 8−1 ] = units
3 1 3 3

Question 2. Find the area of the region bounded by y 2 = 9 x, x = 2, x = 4 and the x-axis in the

first quadrant.

Solution:

The area of the region bounded by the curve, 2 =9 x, the

y
lines, x = 2 and x = 4, and the x-axis is the area ABCD.

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

[ ]
4 4 3 4
Area ABCD = ∫ ydx = 3∫ √ x dx =3 2 x 2 =2 [ 8−2 √ 2 ] =(16−4 √ 2)units
2 2 3 2

Question 3. Find the area of the region bounded by x 2 = 4y, y = 2, y = 4 and the y-axis in the
first quadrant.

Solution: The area of the region bounded by x 2 = 4y, y = 2,

y = 4 and the y-axis is the area ABCD

4 4

Area ABCD = ∫ xdy = 2∫ √ x dx =

2 2

[ ]
3 4
2
2
3
x 2

2
=
4
3 (
[8−2 √ 2 ] = 32−8 √2 units
3 )
2 2
x y
Question 4. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse + =1
16 9

Solution: It can be observed that the ellipse is symmetrical about

x-axis and y-axis. Area bounded by ellipse = 4 × Area of OAB
4

Area of OAB = ∫ ydx

0

√
4
x2
= ∫3 1−
16
dx
0

4
3
= ∫ √ 16−x dx
2
4 0

[ ]
4
3 x 16 x 3
= √ 16−x 2 + sin−1 = [ 2 √16−16+sin−1 1−0−8 sin−1 0 ]
4 2 2 4 0 4

=
3 8π
4 2 ( )
=3 π

Question 5. Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse

2 2
x y
+ =1
4 9

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

Solution: It can be observed that the ellipse is symmetrical about x-axis and y-axis. Area bounded by
ellipse = 4 × Area of OAB
2

Area of OAB = ∫ ydx

0

√
2 2
x
= ∫3 1−
4
dx
0

2
3
=
20
∫ √ 4−x 2dx

[ ]
2
3 x 4 x
=
2 2
√ 4−x 2+ sin−1
2 2 0

3
= [ √ 4−4+2 sin−1 1−0−2 sin−1 0 ]
2

=
3 2π
2 2 [ ]
=
3π
2

3π
Therefore, area bounded by the ellipse = 4 × =6 π units
2

Question 6. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by x-axis, line x = √ 3 y and the
circle x 2+ y 2 = 4.

Solution: The area of the region enclosed by x-axis, line

x = √ 3 y and the circle x 2+ y 2 = 4 is OAB

The point of intersection of the line and the circle in the first
quadrant is¿,1) .

Area OAB = Area ∆OCA + Area ACB

×OC × AC = × √ 3 ×1= √ …. (1)

1 1 3
Area OAC =
2 2 2
2

Area ABC = ∫ ydx

√3

= ∫ √ 4−x dx
2

√3

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

[ ]
2
x 2 4 −1 x
= √ 4−x + sin
2 2 2 √3

[ π √3
= 2× − √ 4−3−2sin
2 2
−1 √ 3
2 ]
[
= π−
2 3 ]
√3 −2 ( π ) = π − √ 3
3 2

Therefore, the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by x-axis, line x = √ 3 y and the circle
2 2 π √3
x + y = 4 is ( − ¿ units
3 2

a
Question 7. Find the area of the smaller part of the circle x 2+ y 2=a2 cut off by the line x= .
√2
Solution: The area of the smaller part of the circle x 2+ y 2=a2 cut

a
off by the line x= , is the area ABCDA
√2
It can be observed that the area ABCD is symmetrical about x-axis.
Area ABCD = 2 × Area ABC
a a

Area ABC = ∫ ydx = ∫ √ a −x dx

2 2

a a
√2 √2

[ ]
a
x 2 2 a2 −1 x
¿ √ a −x + sin
2 2 a a
√2

[ ][ √ ]
2 2 2
a a a a 1
= sin−1 1 − a2− − sin−1
2 2 √2 2 2 √2

[ ][ ]
2 2 2 2 2 2
a π a a π πa a a π
= . − − . = − = ( −1)
2 2 4 2 4 8 4 4 2

( )
2 2
a π a π
∴ Area ABCD=2 × Area ABC=2 × −1 = ( −1) units
4 2 2 2

Question 8. The area between x = y 2 and x = 4 is divided

into two equal parts by the line x = a, find the value of a.

Solution: The line, x = a, divides the area bounded by the parabola

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

and x = 4 into two equal parts.

∴ Area OAD = Area ABCD

It can be observed that the given area is symmetrical about x-axis.

⇒ Area OED = Area EFCD

a a

Area OED = ∫ ydx =∫ √ x dx

0 0

[ ]
3 a 3
= 2 2 2
x = a 2 …(1)
3 0 3
4

Area of EFCD = ∫ √ x dx
a

[ ] [ ]
3 4 3
= 2 x 2 = 2 8−a 2 …(2)
3 a 3

From (1) and (2) we obtain,

[ ]
3 3
2 2 2
a = 8−a 2
3 3
3
2
⇒ 2 a =8
3
2
⇒ a =4
2
3
⇒ a=( 4 )

Therefore , the value of a is ¿

Question9. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola y = x 2 and y = |x| .

Solution: The area bounded by the parabola y = x 2 and

y = |x| , can be represented as shown in the figure.

The given area is symmetrical about y-axis.

∴ Area OACO = Area ODBO

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The point of intersection of parabola, x 2 = y, and line, y = x, is A (1, 1).

Area of OACO = Area ∆OAB – Area OBACO

1 1 1
∴ Area ∆ OA B= ×OB × AB= ×1 ×1=
2 2 2

[ ]
1 1 1
x3 1
Area OBACO = ∫ ydx =∫ x dx=¿ = ¿
2

0 0
3 0 3

1 1 1
⇒ areaOACO= Area ∆ OAB – AreaOBACO= − =
2 3 6

Therefore, required area = 2 ( 16 )=3 units.

Question 10. Find the area bounded by the curve x 2 = 4y and the line x = 4y – 2.

Solution: The area bounded by the curve x 2 = 4y and the line

x = 4y – 2, is represented by shaded area OBAO

Let A and B be the points of intersection of the line and

parabola. Coordinates of point A are −1 , .

1
4 ( )
Coordinates of point B are (2, 1).

We draw AL and BM perpendicular to x-axis.

It can be observed that,

Area OBAO = Area OBCO + Area OACO … (1)

Then, Area OBCO = Area OMBC – Area OMBO

[ ] [ ]
2 2 2 2 2
x+ 2 x 1 x2 1 x3
=∫ dx−∫ dx = +2 x −
0 4 0 4 4 2 0 4 3 0

=
1
4 []
4 3
3 2 5
[ 2+ 4 ] − 1 8 = − =
2 3 6

Similarly, Area OACO = Area OLAC – Area OLAO

0 0 2
x+2 x
=∫ dx−∫ dx
−1 4 −1 4

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
0 0 2 3
1 x2 1 x3 1 (−1 ) 1 − (−1 )
= +2 x − =- +2(−1) −
4 2 −1 4 3 −1 4 2 4 3

−1 1
4 2[ ] []
−2 −
1 1
4 3
1 1 1
= − − =
7
2 8 12 24

Therefore, required area = ( 56 + 247 )= 98 units

Question 11. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve
2
y = 4x and the line x = 3.

Solution: The region bounded by the curve y 2 = 4x and the line

x = 3, is OACO

The area OACO is symmetrical about x-axis

∴ Area OACO = 2 (Area of OAB)

3
AreaOACO=2 ∫ ydx
0

[ ]
3 3
3 2 3
2x 8
=2
∫ 2 √ x dx =4 3 = (3) 2 = 8 √ 3
0 0 3

Therefore, the required area is 8 √ 3 units.

Choose the correct answer in the following Exercises 12 and 13.

Question 12. Area lying in the first quadrant and bounded by the circle x 2+ y 2 = 4 and the lines x = 0

and x = 2 is

π π π
(A) π (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4

Solution: The area lying in the first quadrant and bounded by

the circle x 2+ y 2 = 4 and the lines x = 0 and x = 2 is
2

area OAB = ∫ √ 4−x dx

2

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[ ]
2
x
=
2
√ 4−x 2 + 42 sin−1 x2
0

= 2 ( 2 sin 1 )=2
−1
( π2 )=π units
Thus the correct answer is A.

Question13. Area of the region bounded by the curve y 2 = 4x, y-axis and the line y = 3 is

9 9 9
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D)
4 3 2

Solution: Area of the region bounded by the curve y 2 = 4x, y-

axis and the line y = 3 is area OAB as shown in figure.

3 3 2
y
∴ Area OAB = ∫ xdy = ∫ dy
0 0 4

[ ]
3
1 y3 1 9
¿ = ( 27 )= units
4 3 0 12 4

Thus , the correct answer is B

Example 6. Find the area of the region bounded by the two parabolas y = x 2 and y 2 = x.

Solution: The point of intersection of these two parabolas are O (0, 0)

and A (1, 1) as shown in the Fig 8.15.

Here, we can set y 2 = x or y = √ x = f(x) and y = x 2 = g (x),

where, f (x) ≥ g (x) in [0, 1].

Therefore, the required area of the shaded region

1
¿ ∫ [ f ( x )−g ( x) ] dx
0

[ ]
1 3 1
3
∫ [ √ x−x ] dx=¿ 23 x 2 − x3
2
¿
0 0

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

2 1 1
= − =
3 3 3

Example7. Find the area lying above x-axis and included between the circle x 2+ y 2 = 8x and the
parabola y 2 = 4x.

Solution: The given equation of the circle 2 2 = 8 x can be

x +y
expressed as ( x−4 )2 + y 2 = 16. Thus, the Centre of the circle is

(4, 0) and radius is 4. Its intersection with the parabola 2 = 4x gives

y
x + 4x = 8x
2

Or 2
x – 4x = 0

Or x (x – 4) = 0

Or x = 0, x =4

Thus, the points of intersection of these two curves are O (0, 0) and P (4,4) above the x-axis.

From the Fig 8.16, the required area of the region OPQCO included between these two curves above

x-axis is = (area of the region OCPO) + (area of the region PCQP)

4 8

= ∫ ydx +∫ ydx
0 4

4 8

= 2∫ √ x dx +∫ √ 4 −( x−4 ) dx
2 2

0 4

[ ]
3 4 4
= 2× 2 x 2 0 +∫ √ 4 2−t 2 dt , where, x−4=t
3 0

[ ]
4
32 t 1 t
¿ + √ 4 2−t 2 + ×4 2 sin−1
3 2 2 4 0

=
32 4
[
1
+ × 0+ × 42 ×sin−1 1
3 2 2 ]
=
32
3 ( π 32 4
)
+ 0+8 × = +4 π = (8+3 π )
2 3 3

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Example 8. In Fig 8.17, AOBA is the part of the ellipse 9 x 2+ y 2 = 36 in the first quadrant such that
OA = 2 and OB = 6. Find the area between the arc AB and the chord AB.

Solution: Given equation of the ellipse 9 x 2+ y 2 = 36 can be expressed as

2 2 2 2
x y x y
+ =1∨ 2 + 2 =1 and hence, its shape is as given in Fig 8.17.
4 36 2 6

Accordingly, the equation of the chord AB is

6−0
y–0= (x −2) or y = – 3(x – 2)
0−2

or y = – 3x + 6

Area of the shaded region as shown in the Fig 8.17.

2 2

= 3∫ √ 4−x dx−∫ ( 6−3 x ) dx

2

0 0

[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
2 2
x 2 4 −1 x 3 2 12
= 3 √ 4−x + sin − 6 x− x 2 =3 ×0+ 2sin−1 1 − 12−
2 2 2 0 2 0 2 2

π
= 3 ×2 × −6=3 π −6
2

Example 9. Using integration find the area of region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are (1, 0),

(2, 2) and (3, 1).

Solution: Let A (1, 0), B (2, 2) and C (3, 1) be the vertices of a triangle

ABC (Fig 8.18). Area of ΔABC

= Area of ΔABD + Area of trapezium BDEC – Area of ΔAEC

Now equation of the sides AB, BC and CA are given by

1
y=2 ( x−1 ) , y=4−x , y= ( x−1 ) , respectively
2
2 3 3
x−1
Hence, Area of ∆ ABC=∫ 2 ( x−1 ) dx +∫ ( 4−x ) dx−∫ dx
1 2 1 2

[ ][ ] [ ]
2 3 3
x2 x2 1 x2
=2 −x + 4 x− − −x
2 1 2 2 2 2 1

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

[( ) ( )] [( )( )] [( ) ( )]
2 2 2 2
2 1 3 2 1 3 1
=2 −2 − −1 + 4 ×3− − 4 × 2− − −3 − −1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3
=
2

Example 10. Find the area of the region enclosed between the two circles: x 2+ y 2= 4 and

( x−2 )2 + y 2 = 4.

Solution: Equations of the given circles are

2 2
x + y = 4 ... (1)

And ( x−2 )2 + y 2 = 4. ... (2)

Equation (1) is a circle with Centre O at the origin and radius 2.

Equation (2) is a circle with Centre C (2, 0) and radius 2. Solving
equations (1) and (2), we have

2 2 2 2
x + y = ( x−2 ) + y
2 2 2 2
x + y =x + y −4 x + 4

Or x=1 which gives y = ± √ 3 putting the value of x in equation (1)

Thus, the points of intersection of the given circles are A (1,√ 3 ) and A′(1, – √ 3 ) as shown in the Fig 8.19.

Required area of the enclosed region OACA′O between circles

= 2 [area of the region ODCAO]

= 2 [area of the region ODAO + area of the region DCAD]

[∫ ]
1 2
=2 ydx+∫ ydx
0 1

[∫ √ ]
1 2
4−( x−2 ) dx+∫ √ 4−x dx
2 2
=2
0 1

[ ] [ ]
1 2
1 2 1 ( x−2) 1 1 x
=2 ( x −2 ) √ 4− ( x −2 ) + × 4 sin−1 +2 x √ 4−x 2 + × 4 sin−1
2 2 2 0 2 2 2 1

[ ][ ]
1 2
( x−2 ) x
√
= ( x−2 ) 4−( x−2 )2 +4 sin−1
2 0
+ x √ 4−x 2+ 4 sin−1
2 1

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

[(
= − √ 3+ 4 sin
−1
( −12 ))−4 sin −1
][
(−1) + 4 sin 1−√ 3−4 sin
−1 −1 1
2 ]
[(
= − √ 3−4 ×
π
6) π π
][
+ 4 × + 4 × − √ 3−4 ×
2 2
π
6 ]
2π 2π
= −√ 3− +2 π +2 π −√ 3−
3 3

8π
= −2 √ 3
3

EXERCISE 8.2

Question 1. Find the area of the circle 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 9 which is interior to the parabola x 2 = 4y.

Solution: The required area is represented by the shaded

area OBCDO.

Solving the given equation of circle, 4 2 +4 2 = 9, and

x y
parabola, x 2 = 4y, we obtain the point of intersection as

( 1
)
B √ 2 , ∧D(−√ 2 , )
2
1
2

It can be observed that the required area is symmetrical

about y-axis.

Area OBCDO = 2 × Area OBCO

We draw BM perpendicular to OA. Therefore, the coordinates of M are( √ 2 , 0 )

Now, Area OBCO = Area OMBCO – Area OMBO

√
√2 √ 2
(9−4 x2 ) x2
=∫ dx−∫ dx
0
4 0
4

√2
1
= ∫ √¿¿¿
20

1
= ¿¿
4

=
1
4 [√ √ 9
2 9−8+ sin−1
2
2 √2
3
1
− (√ 2)
12
3
]
P a g e 18 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

=
√2 + 9 sin−1 2 √2 − √ 2
4 8 3 6

=
8 3 2 6 (
√2 + 9 sin−1 2 √2 = 1 √ 2 + 9 sin−1 2 √2
12 4 3 )
Therefore, the required area OBCDO is 2 × (
1 √ 2 9 −1 2 √2
2 6 4
+ sin
3 )
= ( √62 + 94 sin −1 2 √2
3 )
units

Question 2. Find the area bounded by curves (x – 1)2 + y2 = 1 and x2 + y2 = 1.

Solution: The area bounded by curves (x – 1)2 + y2 = 1

and x2 + y2 = 1 is represented by OACBO as shown in fig.

On solving the equations, (x – 1)2 + y2 = 1 and x2 + y2 = 1

we obtain the point of intersection as A ( 12 , √23 ) and

B ( 12 ,− √23 ) . It can be observed that the required area is

symmetrical about x-axis.

Area OBCAO = 2 × Area OCAO

We join AB, which intersects OC at M, such that AM is perpendicular to OC. The coordinates of
1
M are , 0
2 ( )
⇒ AreaOACAO=¿ Area OMAO + area MCAM
1
2 1

= ∫ √1− ( x −1 ) dx +∫ √ 1−x 2 dx
2

0 1
2

[ ] [ ]
1 1
( x−1 ) 1 x 1
¿
2
√ 1−( x−1 )2 + sin−1 ( x−1 ) + √ 1−x 2 + sin−1 x
2
2

0 2 2 1
2

= ¿

= [ 8 2 6 ( )
− √3 1 −π 1 −π
+ − (
2 2
)+
1 π √3 1 π
2 2
− −
8 2 6 ][ ( ) ( )]
P a g e 19 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

= [ − √3 π π π π
4
− + + −
12 4 4 12
=
−√ 3 2 π
4
+
6
=
6][
2 π √3
−
4 ] [ ]
Therefore, required area OBCAO

= 2× [ 2 π √3
6
−
4][
=
2 π √3
3
−
2 ]
unit

Question 3. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = x 2 + 2, y = x, x = 0 and x = 3

Solution: The area of the region bounded by the curves y = x 2 + 2, y = x, x = 0 and x = 3 is

represented by shaded are OCBAO

Then, Area OCBAO = Area ODBAO – Area ODCO

3 3

∫ x +2 dx−∫ xdx
2

0 0

[ ] [ ]
3 3
x3 x2
= +2x −
3 0 2 0

= [ 9+6 ] − []9
2
9 21
= 15− = units
2 2

Question 4. Using integration find the area of region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are

(– 1, 0), (1, 3) and (3, 2).

Solution:

Equation of line segment AB is

(3−0)
y−0 = (x +1)
1+ 1

3
y= (x +1)
2

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

1
3
Area (ALBA) = ∫ ( x +1 ) dx
−1 2

[ ] [ ]
1
3 x2 3 1 1
= +x = +1− + 1 =3 units
2 2 −1 2 2 2

Equation of line segment BC is

2−3
y−3= ( x −1 )
3−1

1
y= (−x +7)
2
3
∴ Area (BLMC) = ∫ 12 (−x +7 ) dx
1

[ ] [ ]
3
1 −x 2 1 −9 1
¿ +7 x = +21+ −7 = 5units
2 2 1 2 2 2

Equation of line segment AC is

2−0
y−0= (x +1)
3+1

1
y= (x+ 1)
2

[ ] [ ]
3 3
1 1 1 x2 1 9 1
∴ Area (AMCA) = ∫
2 −1 2
( x +1 ) dx =
2 2
+x =
2 2
+3− +1 = 4 units
2
−1

Therefore, from equation (1), we obtain

Area (∆ABC) = (3 + 5 – 4) = 4 units.

Question 5. Using integration find the area of the triangular region whose sides have the

equations y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1 and x = 4.

Solution: The equations of sides of the triangle are y = 2x +1,

y = 3x + 1, and x = 4. On solving these equations, we obtain the

vertices of triangle as A (0, 1), B (4, 13), and C (4, 9).

It can be observed that,

P a g e 21 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

Area (∆ACB) = Area (OLBAO) –Area (OLCAO)

4 4

= ∫ (3 x+1)dx−∫ (2 x +1)dx
0 0

[ ] [ ]
4 4
3 x2 x2
= + x − 2 + x = ( 24+ 4 )− ( 16+4 )=8 units
2 0 2 0

Choose the correct answer in the following exercises 6 and 7.

Question 6. Smaller area enclosed by the circle x 2+ y 2 = 4 and the line x + y = 2 is

(A) 2 (π – 2) (B) π – 2 (C) 2π – 1 (D) 2 (π + 2)

Solution: Smaller area enclosed by the circle 2 2 = 4 and

x +y
the line x + y = 2 is represented by the shaded area ACBA

It can be observed that,

Area ACBA = Area OACBO −area(∆ OAB)

2 2

= ∫ √ 4−x dx−∫ (2−x )dx

2

0 0

[ ] [ ]
2 2
x 4 x x2
= √ 4−x 2 + sin−1 − 2 x−
2 2 2 0 2 0

[ ]
2.
π
2
−[ 4−2 ] =( π−2 ) units

Thus, the correct answer is B

Question 7. Area lying between the curves y 2 = 4x and y = 2x is

2 1 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 4 4

Solution: The area lying between the curve, 2 = 4x and y = 2x,

y
is represented by the shaded area OBAO.

The points of intersection of these curves are O (0, 0) and

A (1, 2). We draw AC perpendicular to x-axis such that the

coordinates of Care (1, 0).

P a g e 22 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

∴Area OBAO = Area (∆OCA) – Area (OCABO)

1 1
¿ ∫ 2 x dx−∫ √ x dx
0 0

[ ] [ ] | || |
31 1
2
4 −1 1
= 2 x −2 2 x 2 = 1− = = units
2 0 3 0
3 3 3

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Miscellaneous Examples

Example 11. Find the area of the parabola y 2=4 ax bounded by its latus rectum.

Solution: From Fig 8.20, the vertex of the parabola 2 = 4ax is at

y
origin (0, 0). The equation of the latus rectum LSL′ is x = a. Also,
parabola is symmetrical about the x-axis. The required area of the
region OLL′O

= 2 (area of the region OLSO)

a a

= 2 ∫ ydx =2∫ √ 4 ax dx
0 0

[ ]
a 3 a
= 2 ×2 √ a ∫ √ x dx=4 √ a × 2 x 2 0
0 3

[ ]
3
= 8 √ a a 2 = 8 a2
3 3

Example 12. Find the area of the region bounded by the line y = 3x + 2, the x-axis and the

ordinates x = –1 and x = 1.

Solution: As shown in the Fig 8.21, the line y = 3x + 2 meets x-axis at

−2 2
x= and its graph lies below x-axis for x ∈(−1 ,− ) and above x-axis
3 3
−2
for x ∈( , 1)
3

The required area = Area of the region ACBA + Area of the region ADEA

P a g e 23 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

| |
−2
3 1
= ∫ (3 x +2 ) dx +∫ ( 3 x +2 ) dx
−1 −2
3

|[ ] |[ ]
−2 1
3 2 3 3 2
= x +2 x + x +2 x
2 −1 2 −2
3

1 25 26 13
= + = =
6 6 6 3

Example 13. Find the area bounded by the curve y = cos x between x = 0 and x = 2π.

Solution: From the Fig 8.22, the required area = area of the
region OABO + area of the region BCDB + area of the
region DEFD.

Thus, we have the required area

| |
π 3π
2 2 2π
¿ ∫ cosxdx= ∫ cosxdx + ∫ cosxdx
0 π 3π
2 2

| |
π 3π
2π
= [ sinx ] 02 + [ sinx ] π2 + [ sinx ] 3 π
2 2

= 1+ |(−1 ) −(1)|+ [ 0−(−1) ]

=1+2+1=4

Example 14. Prove that the curves 2 2 divide the area of

y =4 x∧x =4 y
square bounded by

x = 0, x = 4, y = 4 and y = 0 into three equal parts.

Solution: Note that the point of intersection of the parabolas y 2 = 4x

y
and x 2 = 4y are (0, 0) and (4, 4) as shown in the Fig 8.23. Now, the area of
the region OAQBO bounded by curves
2 2
y =4 x∧x =4 y ,

) [ ]
4

(
4 2 3 3
=∫ x 2 x
2 √ x− dx= 2 × x 2 −
0 4 3 12 0

P a g e 24 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

32 16 16
= − = …(1)
3 3 3

Again, the area of the region OPQAO bounded by the curves x2 = 4y, x = 0, x = 4 and x-axis
4 2
x 1 3 4 16
=∫ dx= [ x ] 0= … (2)
0 4 12 3

Similarly, the area of the region OBQRO bounded by the curve y 2 = 4x, y-axis, y = 0 and y = 4
4 4 2
y 1 3 4 16
= ∫ xdy =¿∫ dy= [ y ]0= … ( 3 ) ¿
0 0 4 12 3

From (1), (2) and (3), it is concluded that the area of the region OAQBO = area of the region
OPQAO = area of the region OBQRO, i.e., area bounded by parabolas y 2= 4x and x 2 = 4y
divides the area of the square in three equal parts.

Example 15. Find the area of the region

{( x , y ) :0 ≤ y ≤ x 2 +1 ,0 ≤ y ≤ x +1 , 0 ≤ x ≤2 }
Solution: Let us first sketch the region whose area is to be found
out. This region is the intersection of the following regions

A1= {( x , y ) :0 ≤ y ≤ x 2+1 }

A2= { ( x , y ) :0 ≤ y ≤ x+1 }

A3 ={ ( x , y ) :0 ≤ x ≤ 2 }

The points of intersection of y = x2 + 1 and y = x + 1 are points P (0, 1) and Q (1, 2).

From the Fig 8.24, the required region is the shaded region OPQRSTO whose area

= area of the region OTQPO + area of the region TSRQT

1 2

= ∫ ( x +1 ) dx +∫ ( x +1 ) dx
2

0 1

[ ][ ]
1 2
x3 x2
= +x + + x
3 0 2 1

¿
[( ) ] [
1
3
1
+1 −0 + ( 2+2 )−( +1)
2 ]
P a g e 25 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

4 3 8+24−9 23
= + 4− = =
3 2 6 6

Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 8

Question1. Find the area under the given curves and given line:
2
(i) y=x , x=1 , x=2∧x−axis
4
(ii) y=x , x=1 , x=5∧x axis

Solution: ( i ) The required area is represented by the shaded area ADCBA

2

Area ADCBA = ∫ ydx

1

[ ]
2 2
x3
= ∫ x dx =
2

1 3 1

8 1 7
¿ − = units
3 3 3

( ii ) The required area is represented by the shaded

area ADCBA
5

Area ADCBA = ∫ ydx

1

[ ]
5 5
x5
= ∫ x dx =
4

1 5 1

( 5 )5 1 1
¿ − =625− =624.8 units
5 5 5

Question2. Find the area between the curves y=x ∧ y=x 2

Solution: The required area is represented by the shaded are OBAO

The points of intersection of the curves, y = x and y = x 2 , is

A (1, 1). We draw AC perpendicular to x-axis.

∴Area (OBAO) = Area (∆OCA) – Area (OCABO) … (1)

P a g e 26 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

[ ] [ ]
1 1 1
x2 x3 1 1 1
= ∫ xdx−¿∫ x dx ¿ =
2
− = − = units
0 0 2 3 0 2 3 6

Question3. Find the area of the region lying in the first quadrant and bounded by y=4 x 2 ,

x=0 , y=1 ,∧ y=4

Solution: The area in the first quadrant and bounded by y=4 x 2 , x=0 , y=1 ,∧ y=4 is

represented by shaded area ABCDA

4

Area of ABCDA = ∫ xdy

1

4
1
=∫ √ y dy
1 2

[ ]
3 4
= 1 2 y2
2 3 1

[ ]
3
1 7
¿ ( 4 ) 2 −1 = units
3 3
0
Question 4. Sketch the graph of y = |x +3| and evaluate ∫ |x +3|dx
−6

Solution: The given equation is y=| x+3|

The corresponding values of x and y are given in the following table.

X -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
y 3 2 1 0 1 2 3

On plotting these points, we obtain the graph of

y=| x+3| , it is known that ( x +3 ) ≤0 for−6 ≤ x ≤−3

And ( x +3 ) ≥0 for−3 ≤ x ≤0

P a g e 27 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

0 −3 0
∴ ∫ |x +3|dx=−∫ ( x +3 ) dx +∫ ( x +3 ) dx
−6 −6 −3

[ ] [ ]
−3 0
x2 x2
= − +3 x + +3 x
2 −6 2 −3

= − [ 9
2
36
−9− + 18 +
2
−9
2
+9 =−
2][
−9 9
+ =9
2 ] ( )

Question 5. Find the area bounded by the curve y = sin x between x = 0 and x = 2π

Solution:

The graph of y = sin x can be drawn as

∴Required area = Area OABO + Area BCDB

π 2π
¿ ∫ sinxdx+∫ |sinx|dx
0 π

π 2π
¿ [ −cosx ]0 + ¿ [ −cosx ] π ∨¿

= −(−1−1 )+|−1−1| = 2 + 2 = 4 units

Question 6. Find the area enclosed between the parabola y 2 = 4ax and the line y = mx.

Solution: The area enclosed between the parabola,

2 = 4ax, and the line, y = mx, is represented by the

y
shaded area OABO

The points of intersection of both the curves are (0, 0)

and
m m
2 (
4a 4a
,
)
We draw AC perpendicular to x-axis.

∴Area OABO = Area OCABO – Area (∆OCA)

P a g e 28 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

4a 4a
2 2
m m
¿ ∫ 2 √ ax dx−∫ mx dx
0 0

[ ] [ ] ( ) ( )
3 4a 4a 3 2
x2 4 4a m 4a
= 2 √a 2 x2 = √a 2 2 −
2 2
m m
-m
3 0 2 0
3 m 2 m2

( )
2 2 2 2 2
32 a m 16 a 32 a 8 a 8 a
= 3
− 4
= 3
− 3 = 3 units
3m 2 m 3m m 3m

Question7. Find the area enclosed by the parabola 4y = 3 2

x
and the line 2y = 3x + 12.

Solution: The area enclosed by the parabola 4y = 3 2 and the

x

line 2y = 3x + 12. Is represented by shaded area OBAO.

The points of intersection of the given curves are A (–2, 3) and

(4, 12). We draw AC and BD perpendicular to x-axis.

Area OBAO = Area CDBA – (Area ODBO + Area OACO)

1 1
3 2
= ∫ (3 x +12)dx−∫ x dx
−2 −2 4

[ ] [ ]
4 4
1 3 2 3 x3
= x +12 x −
2 2 −2 4 3 −2

1 1
¿ [ 24+ 48−6 +24 ]− [ 64 +8 ]
2 4

1 1
= ( 90 ) − (72) = 45−18=27 units
2 4
2 2
x y
Question8. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse + =1and the line
9 4

x y
+ =1
3 2

Solution: The area of the smaller region bounded by the

2 2
x y x y
ellipse + =1and the line + =1 is BCAB
9 4 3 2

P a g e 29 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

Area BCAB = Area (OBCAO) – Area (OBAO)

√
3 3

∫ 2 1−
0
x2
9
x
dx−∫ 2 1− dx
0 3 ( )
3 3
2 2
30
∫ √ 9−x dx− ∫ ( 3−x ) dx
2
30

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
3 3
2 x 2 9 −1 x 2 x2 2 9π 2 9
=
3 2
√ 9−x + 2 sin 3 − 3 3 x− 2 = − 9−
3 22 3 2
0 0

= [
2 9π 9 2 9
] 3
− = × ( π−2 )= ( π−2 ) units
3 4 2 3 4 2

Question 9. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the

2 2
x y x y
ellipse 2 + 2 =1and the line + =1
a b a b

Solution: the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse

2 2
x y x y
+ =1and the line + =1 is represented by shaded
2
a b
2
a b
region BCAB.

Area BCAB = Area (OBCAO) – Area (OBAO)

√
a a
x2 x
¿ ∫ b 1− dx−b ∫ (1− )dx
0 a
2
0
a
a a
b b
= ∫ √ a −x dx− ∫ (a−x ) dx
2 2
a0 a 0

[ ] [ ]
a a
b x 2 2 a2 −1 x b x2
=
a 2
√ a −x + 2 sin a − a ax− 2
0 0

[ ] [ ]
2 2 2
b a −1 2 a b 2π a
sin 1−a + = a −
a 2 2 a 4 2

( )
2
ba π ab
= −1 = ( π −2 )
2a 2 4

Question10. Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola x 2 = y, the line y = x + 2 and

the x-axis.

P a g e 30 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

Solution: The area of the region enclosed by the parabola,

2
x = y, the line, y = x + 2, and x-axis is represented by the shaded region OBAO. The point of
intersection of the parabola, x 2 = y, and the line, y = x + 2, is A (–1, 1)

∴Area OBAO = Area CDBA – (Area ODBO + Area OACO)

2

= ∫ ( x +2−x ) dx
2

−1

[ ] [ ]
2
x2 x3 8 1 1
+2 x− = 2+ 4− −( −2+ )
2 3 −1 3 2 3

[
¿ 8−3−
1
2 ] 1 9
=5− = units.
2 2

Question11. Using the method of integration find the area bounded by the curve |x|+| y|=1

[Hint: The required region is bounded by lines x + y = 1, x– y = 1, – x + y = 1 and – x – y = 1].

Solution: The area bounded by the curve,|x|+| y|=1, is

represented by the shaded region ADCB

The curve intersects the axes at points A (0, 1), B (1, 0),
C (0, –1), and D (–1, 0).

It can be observed that the given curve is symmetrical

about x-axis and y-axis.

∴ Area ADCB = 4 × Area OBAO

[ ]
1 1
x2
4∫ (1−x )dx =4 x−
0
2 0

= 4 1− ( 12 )=4 × 12=2units .
Question12. Find the area bounded by curves {( x , y ) : y ≥ x2 ∧ y=|x|}

Solution: The area bounded by curves

{( x , y ) : y ≥ x2 ∧ y=|x|} is represented by the shaded

region as Area [OADO + OBEO]

P a g e 31 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

It can be observed that the required area is symmetrical about y-axis. Area [OADO + OBEO] = 2
Area(OADO)

Required area = 2 [ Area ( OCAO )− Area(OACADO) ]

[ ]
1 1
x2 x3
2∫ x −x dx=2 −
( 2
)
0
2 3 0

=2 [ ] 1 1 1 1
− =2 × = units.
2 3 6 3

Question13. Using the method of integration find the area of the triangle ABC, coordinates of
whose vertices are A (2, 0), B (4, 5) and C (6, 3).

Solution:

The vertices of ∆ ABC are A (2, 0), B (4, 5) and C (6, 3).

The equation of segment AB is

5−0
y−0= (x−2)
4−2

5
y= ( x −2 ) … (1)
2

Equation of segment BC is

3−5
y−5= (x−4)
6−4

Or y = −x +9 …(2)

Equation of segment CA is

0−3
y−3= (x−6)
2−6

3
y= ( x−2 ) … (3)
4

Area∆ ABC= Area ( ABLA ) + Area ( BLMCB )− Area(ACMA)

4 6 6
5 3
=
22
∫ (x −2)+∫ (−x+ 9)−∫ (x−2)
4 2 4

P a g e 32 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

[ ][ ] [ ]
4 6 6
5 x2 −x 2 3 x2
= −2 x + +9 x − −2 x
2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2

5
=
2
[ ( 8−8 )−(2−4)] + [ (−18+54 )−(−8+36)]− 34 [ ( 18−12 )−(2−4)]

5
= [ 2 ] + 8− 3 ( 8 )=5+8−6=7 units.
2 4

Question14. Using the method of integration find the area of the region bounded by lines:

2x + y = 4, 3x – 2y = 6 and x – 3y + 5 = 0

Solution: The given equations of lines are

2x + y – 4= 0 … (1)

3x – 2y – 6 = 0 … (2)

And, x – 3y + 5 = 0 … (3)

Let ABC be the triangle (region) bounded by the given

lines (1), (2) and (3). Let us find the point of
intersection A of lines (1) and (3)

Solving for x and y for equation (1) and (2) we get

x −y 1
= =
5−12 10+4 −6−1

Or x = 1 and y = 2 or A (1,2)

Now solving (1) and (2) we get

x −y 1
= = or x = 2 and y = 0 let this point be B. Hence, B (2,0)
−6−8 −12+12 −4−3

Solving (2) and (3) we get

x −y 1
= = or x = 4 and y = 3, let this point be C. Therefore, we have C (4,3)
−10−18 15+6 −9+ 2

The area of the region bounded by the lines is the area of ∆ABC.

AL and CM are the perpendiculars on x-axis.

∴Area (∆ABC) = Area (ALMCA) – Area (ALB) – Area (CMB)

P a g e 33 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

4 2 4

= ∫(
1
x +5
3
)dx −∫ (4−2 x )dx −∫
1 2
3 x−6
2
dx ( )
[ ] [ ]
4 4
1 x2 2 2 1 3 2
= +5 x −[ 4 x−x ] 1− x −6 x
3 2 1 2 2 2

1
3 [ 1
2 ] 1
( 8+ 20 )−( +5) −[ ( 8−4 )− ( 4−1 ) ] − [ 24−24−(6−12) ]
2

3 2( )
1 45 3 1 15 15 7
−1− ( 12 )− ( 12 )= −1−3= −4= units
4 2 2 2 2

Question15. Find the area of the region {( x , y ) : y 2 ≤ 4 x∧4 x 2+ 4 y 2 ≤ 9 }

Solution: The area of the region,

{( x , y ) : y 2 ≤ 4 x∧4 x 2+ 4 y 2 ≤ 9 } is represented
by OABCO as shown in figure.

The required area is common to interior of the

parabola y 2=4 x …(i)

which is right handed parabola with vertex at (0,0)

and is symmetrical about x-axis.
2 2
¿ 4̊ x + 4 y =9 … (ii)

( ) is a circle whose Centre is (0,0) and

2
2 2 3
Or x + y =
2
3
radius is
2

Now putting y 2=4 x in equation (ii) we get 4 x 2+16 x=9

Or 4 x 2+16 x−9=0

−16 ± √ 256−4 (4)(−9) −b ± √ b 2−4 ac

x= ∵ x=
8 2a

−16+ √ 400 4 −36

x= ⇒ x= ∨x= rejected
8 8 8

1 2 1
x= or y =4 × from ( i )
2 2
P a g e 34 | 38
 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

Or y = ± √ 2

The points of intersection of parabola and the circle is ( 12 , √ 2) and ( 12 ,−√2)

The required area is given by OABCO.

It can be observed that area OABCO is symmetrical about x-axis.

Area OBCO = 2 ×Area OBC

Area OBCO = Area(OMC)+ Area(MBC)

1 3
2 2
1
¿ ∫ 2 √ x dx +∫
2
√ 9−4 x 2 dx
0 1
2

[ ] √( ) ([ ) ]+ 14 × ¿ ¿
3 1 2 3
2 2 2 3 2 4 1
= 2 x +∫ −¿ ¿ ¿ = 2
3 0 1 2 3 2
2

= [ 8 8 3 ]
√2 + 9 sin−1 1−√ 2− 9 sin−1 1 = √ 2 + 9 π − 9 sin−1 1
3 12 16 8 3

∴ Area OBCO = 2 ×Area OBC = 2 [√ 2 9

12 16
9
8
1
+ π− sin−1 =
3 6 8 ]
√2 + 9 π− 9 sin−1 1
4 3

Choose the correct answer in the following Exercises from 16 to 20.

Question16. Area bounded by the curve y = x 3, the x-axis and the ordinates x = – 2 and x = 1 is

−15 15 17
(A) -9 (B) (C) (D)
4 4 4

Solution: Table for y = x 3

x -2 -1 0 1
3
y=x -8 -1 0 1

Required area = area (OCDO) +Area (OABO)

|∫ | ∫
0 1
3 3
= x dx + x dx
−2 0

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

=
|[ ] | [ ]
x
4
4 0

−2
+
x
4
4 1

= |[ 1
4
1
(0−16) + =4+ =
4 4 4]|
1 17

Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question17. The area bounded by the curve y=x |x|, x-axis and the ordinates x= -1 and x= 1 is

given by

1 2 4
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3

Solution: Equation of the curve is

y=x |x| = x 2 if x ≥ 0 … (i)

and y=x |x| = x (−x ) =−x 2 if x <0 … (ii)

equation ( i ) namely 2 represents an arc of upward

x =y
parabola in the first quadrant and equation
( ii ) namely x 2=− y represents the arc of downward parabola in the
third quadrant. We have to find the area bounded by the curves, x-axis and the ordinates

x=1 andx=−1.

Required area = Area ONBO + Area OAMO

|∫ |
0 1

= ( −x ) dx +∫ x 2 dx
2

−1 0

|[ ] | [ ] |3 0 3 1
1
1
= −x
|[ ]
x = −1 ( 1 3 2
+ 0+1 ) + = =
3 −1 3 0 3 3 3 3

Correct option is C

Question18. Area of circle x 2+ y 2=16 exterior to the parabola y 2=6 x is

4 4 4 4
(A) ( 4 π −√ 3 ) (B) ( 4 π −√ 3 ) (C) ( 8 π−√ 3 ) (D) ( 8 π + √ 3 )
3 3 3 3

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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

Solution: x 2+ y 2=16 … (1) is a circle with

Centre (0,0) radius = 4
2
y =6 x … (2)

Solving equation (1) and (2) we get

2
x + 6 x−16=0

−6 ± √ 36+ 64
Or x = ⇒ x=2∨x=−8
2

As x = −8 gives , y 2=−48 so it is rejected.

When x= 2 y 2=12∨ y=± 2 √3,

Therefore the point of intersection is (2 , 2 √3) and (2 , 2 √3)

˚
Now the required area (shaded) = area of circle −area of interior ¿ parabola

= π ×4 2−area OBA B' O=16 π−2 area(OBACO ),

∵ The curve is symmetrical about x -axis

Now Area OBACO = area OBCO + area BACB

2 4

= ∫ √ 6 x dx+∫ √ 16−x dx
2

0 2

[ ] [
3 2

]
4
= √ 6 × 2 ( x ) 2 0+ x √ 16−x 2+ 8 sin−1 x
3 2 4 2

= √6 ×
2
3 [
[ 2 √ 2 ]+ 8 × π −( √ 12+8 × π )
2 6 ]
8 4π
√ 3+ 4 π −2 √ 3−
3 3

= ( 83 −2) √3+(4− 43 ) π
¿
2
3 ()
8
√ 3+ π
3

Required area = 16 π−2 [√ ()]

2
3
3+
8
3
π =
32 π 4 √3
3
−
3
4
= (8 π −√3)
3
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 Application of Integral Ch-8 | Rahman sir

Therefore, option C is correct answer.

π
Question19. The area bounded by the y-axis, y = cos x and y = sin x when 0 ≤ x ≤ is
2

(A) 2( √ 2−1) (B) √ 2−1 (C)√ 2+1 (D)√ 2

Solution: We have to find area bounded by the

π
y-axis, y = cos x and y = sin x when 0 ≤ x ≤
2

Now the required area = Area OAB

= Area OABM − AreaOBM

π π
4 4
= ∫ cosx dx−∫ sinxdx
0 0
π π
= [ sinx ] - [ −cosx ] 4
4
0 0

= [ 1
√2 ][
−0 − −( −1)
1
√2 ]
1 1
= + −1=( √ 2−1 ) units.
√2 √2

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