What is function?
1. ROM (range of motion)
2. Muscle Recruitment
3. Strength
4. Coordination
5. Joint Stability
6. Endurance
7. Proprioception
8. Balance, Core stability.
9. ADL (Activities of Daily Living)
Specific
Adaptation
Imposed
Demand
BIOMECHANICS
A. Planes of Motion
a. Sagittal
b. Frontal
c. Horizontal/Transverse
d. Multi-Planar
B. Range of Motion (ROM) - The angle through which a joint moves from
the anatomical position to the extreme limit of its motion in a particular
direction. It is measured in degrees.
1. AROM - Active range of motion is defined as the degree of
movement you can achieve in a specific joint using only the muscles
around that joint.
2. PROM - Passive range of motion refers to the moving of body parts
without activating muscles to perform the movement
C. Center of Gravity - CG (COG) that point in a body or system around
which its mass or weight is evenly distributed or balanced and through
which the force of gravity acts
D. Displacement – an objects change of position given by the difference
between its final and initial coordinates. (Start and End Points)
E. Momentum - Momentum is a measure of an object’s tendency to move
in a straight line with constant speed. It is the product of mass and
velocity. In as much as velocity is relative, momentum depends on the
frame of reference used to observe events.
F. Torque - Torque is the tendency of a force to cause or change
rotational motion of a body. Torque is calculated by multiplying Force and
distance
G. Inertia – The tendency of an object to resist any attempt to change its
motion
H. Acceleration - Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity as a
function of time
1. Velocity - a vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion
or, in other terms, the rate and direction of the change in the position
of an object.
2. Vector - A vector is a physical quantity that requires both the
specifications of magnitude and direction
I. Deceleration - To decrease the velocity of, or to slow down the rate of
advancement of; In our terms an object
J. Motor Learning
• Gross Motor Skills
• Fine Motor Skills
• Sequencing Movements
• Focal Points - The concentration of attention or energy on something.
Movement Abilities
Locomotion – the ability to propel oneself (walk, run, hop, skip, horizontal
jump)
Manipulation – the striking or movement of an object
Gross Motor Manipulation - throwing, catching, kicking, striking
Fine Motor Manipulation - Sewing, typing, cutting with scissors.
Most manipulation is a combination of fine and gross motor skills.
(gripping holding the ball, then throwing it.
Stability - gaining and maintaining equilibrium (head or hand stand)
Perceptual Motor Learning – influence of sensory cues. Awareness
through the senses. (kinesthetic, visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory,
(smell). Any outside stimulus.
Type of Movements
Discrete - has a very definitive beginning and ending. Throwing, jumping,
kicking.
Serial Movements – performance of discrete movement in succession,
hopping, dribbling
Locomotor Movement - refers to movements that involve change in
location of the body relative to a fixed point, in space
Exercise Variables
Exercise selection.
Sequence of exercises.
Resistance used. Type and How Much
Sequence of exercises.
Frequency (How Often)
Volume (total number of sets and repetitions).
Goal Focused – Why do we do this and what is the goal of the exercise
(I squat so I can sit down)
Develop The Coaches Eye - = Coaching and Cuing
