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Problem Set 5

The document contains 6 chemistry problems about calculating concentrations, molar masses, and freezing/boiling points using concepts like parts per million (ppm), osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, and molality. The problems involve determining values for mercury, chloroform, arsenic, DDT, a protein, carbon disulfide, acetonitrile, t-butanol, water, ethylene glycol, and NaCl solutions.

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12 views

Problem Set 5

The document contains 6 chemistry problems about calculating concentrations, molar masses, and freezing/boiling points using concepts like parts per million (ppm), osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, and molality. The problems involve determining values for mercury, chloroform, arsenic, DDT, a protein, carbon disulfide, acetonitrile, t-butanol, water, ethylene glycol, and NaCl solutions.

Uploaded by

maittt.22ba13211
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Chemistry II

Problem set #5
1. The units of parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb) are commonly used by environmental
chemists. In general, 1 ppm means 1 part of solute for every 106 parts of solution; 1 ppb means 1 part
of solute for every 109 parts of solution. Mathematically, by mass:
𝜇𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑝𝑝𝑚 = =
𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝜇𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑝𝑝𝑏 = =
𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
In the case of very dilute aqueous solutions, a concentration of 1.0 ppm is equal to 1.0 µg of solute per
1.0 mL, which equals 1.0 g solution. Parts per billion is defined in a similar fashion. Calculate the
molarity of each of the following aqueous solutions.

a. 5.0 ppb Hg in H2O

b. 1.0 ppb CHCl3 in H2O

c. 10.0 ppm As in H2O

d. 0.10 ppm DDT (C14H9Cl5) in H2O

2. To determine the molar mass of a certain protein, 2.00×10-3 g of it was dissolved in enough water to
make 1.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of this solution was found to be 2.24 torr at 25.0 oC.
Calculate the molar mass of the protein.

3. At 25 oC the vapour in equilibrium with a solution containing carbon disulfide (CS2) and acetonitrile
(CH3CN) has a total pressure of 263 torr and is 85.5 mole percent carbon disulfide. What is the mole
fraction of carbon disulfide in the solution? At 25 oC the vapor pressure of carbon disulfide is 375
torr. Assume that the solution and the vapor exhibit ideal behavior.
General Chemistry II
4. The freezing point of t-butanol is 25.5 oC and Kf is 9.1 oC kg/mol. Usually t-butanol absorbs water on
exposure to air. If the freezing point of a 10.0-g sample of t-butanol is 24.59 oC, how many grams of
water are present in the sample?

5. What volume of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2), a nonelectrolyte, must be added to 15.0 L water to produce
an antifreeze solution with a freezing point of -25.0 oC? What is the boiling point of this solution?
(The density of ethylene glycol is 1.11 g/cm3, and the density of water is 1.00 g/cm3. Kf for water is
1.86 oCkg/mol, and Kb for water is 0.51 oCkg/mol)

6. Calculate the molality and van’t Hoff factor (i) for the 1.00 mass % NaCl aqueous solution with
freezing point = -0.593 oC.

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