This lab demonstrates AWS Lambda by creating a serverless image thumbnail

application.

The following diagram illustrates the application flow:

1 A user uploads an object to the source bucket in Amazon S3 (object-created event).

2 Amazon S3 detects the object-created event.

3 Amazon S3 publishes the object-created event to AWS Lambda by invoking the

Lambda function and passing event data as a function parameter.

4 AWS Lambda executes the Lambda function.

5 From the event data it receives, the Lambda function knows the source bucket name

and object key name. The Lambda function reads the object and creates a thumbnail
using graphics libraries, then saves the thumbnail to the target bucket.
Upon completing this tutorial, you will have the following resources in your account:

The steps in this lab will show you how to create the Amazon S3 buckets and the Lambda
function. You will then test the service by uploading images for resizing.
Task 1: Create the Amazon S3 Buckets

In this task, you will create two Amazon S3 buckets -- one for input and one for output.

3. In the AWS Management Console, on the Services menu, click S3.

4. If you see a message at the top of the screen that says We've temporarily re-
enabled the previous version of the S3 console while we continue to improve the
new S3 console experience. Switch to the new console., click Switch to the new
console.
5. In the AWS Management Console, on the Services menu, click S3.
6. Click Create bucket and then configure:

Amazon S3 buckets require unique names, so you will add a random number to the
bucket name such as images-123456789.

● Bucket name:

Replace 123456789 with a random number

● Copy the name of your bucket to a text editor

● Click Create bucket

If you receive an error stating The requested bucket name is not available, then click
the first Edit link, change the bucket name with a different random number and try
again until it works.
 ● Scroll to the bottom of the screen to click Create bucket leaving the rest of the
options as default.
7. You will now create another bucket for output. Click Create bucket with similar
steps as the previous bucket, now configure:
● Bucket name: Paste the name of your images bucket
● At the end of the bucket name, append
● Click Create bucket

Do not change the Region.

You should now have buckets named similar to:

images-123456789
images-123456789-resized

content_copy
8. You will now upload a picture for testing purposes.
● Right-click this link and download the picture to your computer: HappyFace.jpg
● Name the file HappyFace.jpg.

Firefox users: Make sure the saved filename is HappyFace.jpg (not .jpeg).

9. Open the image on your computer.

● It is a large picture, with dimensions of 1280 x 853.
10. In the S3 Management Console, click the images- bucket. (Not the -resized
bucket)
11. Click Upload
12. In the Upload window, click Add files
 13. Browse to and select the HappyFace.jpg picture you downloaded.
14. Click Upload

Later in this lab you will invoke the Lambda function manually by passing sample event
data to the function. The sample data will refer to this HappyFace.jpg image.

Task 2: Create an AWS Lambda Function

In this task, you will create an AWS Lambda function that reads an image from Amazon
S3, resizes the image and then stores the new image in Amazon S3.

15. On the Services menu, click Lambda.

16. Click Create function

Blueprints are code templates for writing Lambda functions. Blueprints are provided for
standard Lambda triggers such as creating Alexa skills and processing Amazon Kinesis
Firehose streams. This lab provides you with a pre-written Lambda function, so you will
Author from scratch.

17. Choose Author from scratch

18. In the Create function window, configure:
 ● Function name:
● Runtime: Python 3.7
● Expand Change default execution role
● Execution role: Select Use an existing role
● Existing role: Choose lambda-execution-role

Make sure to select Python 3.7 under Other Supported runtime. If you select Python
3.8 from Latest supported list, the code will fail.

This role grants permission to the Lambda function to access Amazon S3 to read and
write the images.

19. Click Create function

A page will be displayed with your function configuration.

AWS Lambda functions can be triggered automatically by activities such as data being
received by Amazon Kinesis or data being updated in an Amazon DynamoDB database.
For this lab, you will trigger the Lambda function whenever a new object is created in
your Amazon S3 bucket.

20. Click Add trigger then configure:

● Select a trigger: S3
● Bucket: Select your images- bucket (e.g. images-123456789)
● Event type: All object create events
● For Recursive invocation, Select I acknowledge that ...
21. Scroll to the bottom of the screen, then click Add
22. Click Create-Thumbnail at the top of the diagram:
You will now configure the Lambda function.

23. Download the CreateThumbnail.zip function code file from the following URL:

https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/us-west-2-aws-training/awsu-spl/spl-88/2.3.11.prod/scripts/
CreateThumbnail.zip

24. Scroll down to the Function code section and configure the following settings
(and ignore any settings that aren't listed):
● Click Actions menu and select Upload a .zip file
● Select the file, Click Upload
● Click Save

The CreateThumbnail.zip file contains the following Lambda function:

Do not copy this code -- it is just showing you what is in the Zip file.

import boto3
import os
import sys
import uuid
from PIL import Image
import PIL.Image

s3_client = boto3.client('s3')
def resize_image(image_path, resized_path):
with Image.open(image_path) as image:
image.thumbnail((128, 128))
image.save(resized_path)

def handler(event, context):

for record in event['Records']:
bucket = record['s3']['bucket']['name']
key = record['s3']['object']['key']
download_path = '/tmp/{}{}'.format(uuid.uuid4(), key)
upload_path = '/tmp/resized-{}'.format(key)

s3_client.download_file(bucket, key, download_path)

resize_image(download_path, upload_path)
s3_client.upload_file(upload_path, '{}-resized'.format(bucket), key)

24. Examine the above code. It is performing the following steps:

● Receives an Event, which contains the name of the incoming object (Bucket, Key)
● Downloads the image to local storage
● Resizes the image using the Pillow library
● Uploads the resized image to the -resized bucket
25. In the Runtime settings section, click Edit
● Handler enter:
● Click Save

Make sure you set the Handler field to the above value, otherwise the Lambda function
will not be found.

26. In the Basic settings section towards the bottom of the page, click Edit
● Description enter:

You will leave the other settings as default, but here is a brief explanation of these
settings:
 ● Memory defines the resources that will be allocated to your function. Increasing
memory also increases CPU allocated to the function.
● Timeout sets the maximum duration for function execution.
● Click Save

Your Lambda function has now been configured.

Task 3: Test Your Function

In this task, you will test your Lambda function. This is done by simulating an event with
the same information normally sent from Amazon S3 when a new object is uploaded.

27. At the top of the screen, click Test then configure:

● Event template: Amazon S3 Put
● Event name:

A sample template will be displayed that shows the event data sent to a Lambda function
when it is triggered by an upload into Amazon S3. You will need to edit the bucket name
so that it uses the bucket you created earlier.

28. Replace example-bucket with the name of your images bucket (e.g. images-
123456789) that you copied to your text editor.
Be sure to replace example-bucket in both locations.

29. Replace test/key with the name of the picture that you uploaded. This should be
 30. Click Create
31. Click Test

AWS Lambda will now trigger your function, using HappyFace.jpg as the input image.

Towards the top of the page you should see the message: Execution result: succeeded

Result returned by your function will show as null.

If your test did not succeed, the error message will explain the cause of failure.

For example, a Forbidden message means that the image was not found possibly due to
an incorrect bucket name. Review the previous steps to confirm that you have configured
the function correctly.
 32. Click Details to expand it (towards the top of the screen).

You will be shown information including:

● Execution duration
● Resources configured
● Maximum memory used
● Log output

You can now view the resized image that was stored in Amazon S3.

33. On the Services menu, click S3.

34. Click the name of your -resized bucket (which is the second bucket you created),
then:
● Click HappyFace.jpg
● Click Open (If the image does not open, disable your pop-up blocker.)

The image should now be a smaller thumbnail of the original image.

You are welcome to upload your own images to the images- bucket and then check for
thumbnails in the -resized bucket.
Task 4: Monitoring and Logging

You can monitor AWS Lambda functions to identify problems and view log files to assist
in debugging.

35. On the Services menu, click Lambda.

36. Click your Create-Thumbnail function.
37. Click the Monitoring tab.

The console displays graphs showing:

● Invocations: The number of times the function has been invoked.

● Duration: How long the function took to execute (in milliseconds).
● Errors: How many times the function failed.
● Throttles: When too many functions are invoked simultaneously, they will be
throttled. The default is 1000 concurrent executions.
● Iterator Age: Measures the age of the last record processed from streaming
triggers (Amazon Kinesis and Amazon DynamoDB Streams).

Log messages from Lambda functions are retained in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

38. Click View logs in CloudWatch

39. Click the Log Stream that appears.
40. Expand each message to view the log message details.

The Event Data includes the Request Id, the duration (in milliseconds), the billed
duration (rounded up to the nearest 100 ms, the Memory Size of the function and the
Maximum Memory that the function used. In addition, any logging messages or print
statements from the functions are displayed in the logs. This assists in debugging Lambda
functions.