AGRIMART

1. SYNOPSIS

1.1 Project Overview

Agrimart is the farmer system where they can plan, monitor and analyze the activity of

the farmers production system. It manages farmer operation with one system and organizes
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data in one place. It helps smart farmers become even smarter. This creates in partnership with

growers and buyers. It inspire farmer to produce and buyers to consume fresh goods.

Agrimart System will make better connection among Farmers and Buyers ensure

quality food. Standardize and increase efficiency of agrimart process.

1.2 Project Description

The purpose of Farm Management System is to automate the existing manual

system by the help of computerized equipments and full-fledged computer software,

fulfilling their requirements, so that their valuable data/information can be stored for a

longer period with easy accessing and manipulation of the same. The required software

and hardware are easily available and easy to work with.

Farm Management System, as described above, can lead to error free, secure,

reliable and fast management system. It can assist the user to concentrate on their other

activities rather to concentrate on the record keeping. Thus it will help organization in better

utilization of resources. The organization can maintain computerized records without

redundant entries. That means that one need not be distracted by information that is not

relevant, while being able to reach the information.

The aim is to automate its existing manual system by the help of computerized

equipments and full-fledged computer software, fulfilling their requirements, so that their

valuable data/information can be stored for a longer period with easy accessing and

manipulation of the same. Basically, the project describes how to manage for good

performance and better services for the clients.

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2. INTRODUCTION

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2.1Brief Introduction

The "Agrimart" has been developed to override the problems prevailing in the practicing

manual system. This software is supported to eliminate and, in some cases, reduce the

hardships faced by this existing system. Moreover, this system is designed for the

particular need of the company to carry out operations in a smooth and effective manner.

The application is reduced as much as possible to avoid errors while entering the

data. It also provides error message while entering invalid data. No formal knowledge is

needed for the user to use this system. Thus, by this all it proves it is user-friendly. Farm

Management System, as described above, can lead to error free, secure, reliable and fast

management system. It can assist the user to concentrate on their other activities rather to

concentrate on the record keeping. Thus, it will help organization in better utilization of

resources.

Every organization, whether big or small, has challenges to overcome and managing

the information of Crops, Farm, Insecticides, Equipments, Pesticides. Therefore, we

design exclusive employee management systems that are adapted to your managerial

requirements. This is designed to assist in strategic planning, and will help you ensure

that your organization is equipped with the right level of information and details for your

future goals. Also, for those busy executive who are always on the go, our systems come

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with remote access features, which will allow you to manage your workforce anytime, at

all times. These systems will ultimately allow you to better manage resources.

2.2 Objectives and Scope:

Objective

• To provide qualitative goods to the buyers.

• Implementing an automated/online agrimart system.

• To inspire farmer to produce quality goods and supply to the buyers.

• Eco-friendly farming system.

Scope

It is focused on studying the existing system of agrimart in and to make sure that the

peoples are getting quality fresh goods. This is also will produce:

• Less effort and less labor intensive, as the primary cost and focus primary on

creating, managing, and running a secure quality food supply.

• Increasing number of buyers as individuals will find it easier and more

convenient to buy goods.

• Easy management.

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2.3 Theoretical Background and Problem Definition

2.3.1 Existing System

• Existing system does not provide proper guidance to farmers how to sell their

products through online.

• Low marketable surplus of Agricultural goods.

• Producer does not determine the price.

• Malpractices in the market.

• Lack of Organized Marketing System.

• Lack of Awareness of the Market.

2.3.2 Proposed System

• Automate the entire process and aware the farmers to globalize their

products.

• The system provides authorized logins to farmers and wholesalers.

• User friendliness is providing in the application with various controls

provided by system rich user interface.

• Authentication is provided for this application only registered users can

access transaction details.

• Online sales and purchase details of both farmers and wholesalers are

should maintain in secured way.

• Review generation features is provided using to generate different kind

of reports which are helpful to knowing information of sellers and purchases.

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2.3.3 Advantages of Proposed System

• Easy to maintain and modify.

• Simple and user friendly environment makes the working fast and efficient.

• It almost stops the user from performing illegal operations.

• Intention of system is to reduce the paper driven aspects of the existing system.

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3. System Analysis and Design

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SDLC : It is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It

consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or enhance

specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software

and overall development process.

Stage 1: Planning and Requirement Analysis: Requirement analysis is the most

important and fundamental stage in SDLC. It is performed by the senior members of the team

with inputs from the customer, the sales department, market surveys and domain experts in

the industry. This information is then used to plan the basic project approach and to conduct

product feasibility study in the economical, operational and technical Planning for the quality

assurance requirement and identification of the risks associated with the project is also done in

the planning stage. The outcome of the technical feasibility study is to define the various

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technical approaches that can be followed to implement the project successfully with

minimum risks.

Stage 2: Analysis of Requirements: Once the requirement analysis is done the next

step is to clearly define and document the product requirements and get them approved from

the customer or the market analysis. This is done through ‘SRS’ – Software Requirement

Specification documents which consist of all the product requirements to be designed and

developed during the project life cycle.

Stage 3: Designing the product architecture: SRS is the reference for product

architects to come out with the best architecture for the product to be developed. Based on the

requirements specified in SRS, usually more than one design approach for the product

architecture is proposed and documented in a DDS – Design Document Specification.

Assessment , product robustness, design modularity, budget and time constraints, the best

design approach is selected for the product.

A design approach clearly defines all the architectural modules of the product along

with its communication and data flow representation with the external and party modules (if

any). The internal design of the modules of the proposed architecture should be clearly

defined with the minutes of the details in DDS.

Stage 4: Implementation the product: in this stage of SDLC the actual development

starts and the product is built. The programming code is generated as per DDS during this

stage. If the design is performed in a detailed and organized manner, code generation can be

accomplished without much hassle.Developers have to follow the coding guidelines defined

by their organization and programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers etc are

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used to generate the code. Different high level programming language is chosen with respect

to the type of software being developed.

Stage 5: Testing and integration: This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in

the module SDLC module, the testing activities are mostly involved in all the stages of SDLC.

However this stage refers to the testing only stage of the product where product defects are

reported, tracked, fixed and retested, until the product reaches the quality standards defined in

the SRS.

Stage 6: Deployment in the Market and Maintenance: Once the product is

tested and ready to be developed it is released formally in the appropriate market. Sometime

product deployment happens in stages as per the organizations business strategy. The product

may first be released in a limited segment and tested in the real business environment

(UATUser acceptance testing)

Waterfall Model:

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Waterfall approach was first SDLC model to be used widely in software Engineering

to ensure success of the project. In “The Waterfall” approach the whole process of software

development is divided into separate phase acts as the input for the next phase sequentially.

The sequential phases in waterfall model are:

• Requirement Gathering and Analysis: All possible requirements of the

system to be developed are captured in this phase and documented in a requirement

specification doc.

• System Design: The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this

phase and system design is prepared. System design helps in specifying hardware and

system requirements and helps in defining overall system architecture.

• Implementation: With inputs from system design, the system is first developed in

small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is

developed and tested for its functionality which is referred to as Unit Testing.

• Integration Testing: All the units developed in the implementation phase are

integrated into a system after testing of each unit. Post integration the entire system is

tested for any faults and failures.

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• Deployment of system: Once the functional and non functional testing is done,

the product is deployed in the customer environment or released into the market.

• Maintenance: There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To

fix those issues patches are released. Also to enhance the product some better versions

are released. Maintenance is done to deliver these changes in the customer

environment.

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4. Methodology Adopted

V-MODEL

Following are the Verification phases in V-Model:

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• Business Requirement Analysis:

This is the first phase in the development cycle where the product

requirements are understood from the customer perspective. This phase involves

detailed communication with the customer to understand his expectations and exact

requirement. This is a very important activity and need to be managed well, as most of

the customers are not sure about what exactly they need. The acceptance test design

planning is done at this stage as business requirements can be used as an input for

acceptance testing.

• System Design:

Once you have the clear and detailed product requirements, its time to

design the complete system. System design would comprise of understanding and

detailing the complete hardware and communication setup for the product under

development. System test plan is developed based on the system design. Doing this at

an earlier stage leaves move time for actual test execution later.

• Architectural Design:

Architectural specification are understood and designed in this phase.

Usually more than one technical approach is proposed and based on the technical and

financial feasibility the final decision is taken. System design is broken down further

into models taking up different functionality. This is also referred to as High Level

Design (HLD).

The data transfer and communication between the internal modules and

with the outside world (other system) is clearly understood and defined in this stage.
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With this information, integration tests can be designed and documented during this

stage.

• Module Design:

In this phase the detailed internal design for all the system modules is

specified, referred to as Low Level Design (LLD). It is important that the design is

compatible with the other modules in the system architecture and the other external

systems. Unit tests are an essential part of any development process and helps

eliminate the maximum faults and errors at a very early stage. Unit tests can be

designed at this stage based on the internal module designs.

• Coding Phase:

The actual coding of the system modules designed in the design phase is taken up in

the coding phase. The best suitable programming language is decided based on the

system and architectural requirements. This coding is performed based on the coding

guidelines and standards. The code goes through numerous code reviews and is

optimized for best performance before the final build is checked into the repository.

• Validation Phases

Following are the Validation phases in V – Model:

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• Unit Testing

Unit tests designed in the module design phase are executed on the code during this

validation phase. Unit testing is the testing at code level and helps eliminate bugs at an

early stage, through all defects cannot be uncovered by unit testing.

• Integration Testing

Integration testing is associated with the architectural design phase. Integration tests

are performed to test the coexistence and communication of the internal modules

within the system.

• System Testing

System testing is directly associated with the System design phase. System tests

check the entire system functionality and the communication of the system under

development with external systems. Most of the software and hardware compatibility

issues can be uncovered during system test execution.

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• Acceptance Testing

Acceptance testing is associated with the business requirement analysis phase and

involves testing the product in user environment. Acceptance tests uncover the

compatibility issues with the other systems available in the user environment.

5. System Planning (PERT Chart)

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PERT CHART

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6. Requirement Elicitation and Analysis

6.1 Feasibility Study

The feasibility study of any system is mainly intended to study and analyze the

proposed system and to decide whether they system under consideration will be available or

not for implementation. That is, it determines the usability of the project after deployment.

Feasibility is the analysis of risks, costs and benefits relating to economics, technology and

user operation. There are different type of feasibility depending on the aspect they cover.

Some important feasibility types are as follows:

1. Technical feasibility

2. Economic feasibility
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3. Operational feasibility

And now let’s have a look on the each of the Feasibilities:

To come to result a set of queries is answered keeping the efficiency of the

software and its impact on the domain for which it is developed. Thus, since the feasibility

study may lead to commit large resources, it becomes necessary that it should be conducted

competently and no fundamental errors of judgment are mad

1. Technical feasibility:

In technical feasibility, we study all technical issues regarding the proposed system.

It is mainly concerned with the specification of the equipment and the software, which

successfully satisfies the end user’s requirement.

The technical needs of the system may very accordingly but must include Following:
➢ The feasibility to produce outputs in a given time

➢ Response time under certain conditions.

➢ Ability at a particular speed.

➢ Facility to communicate data.

Under this analysis, process questions like:

➢ Does the proposed equipment have the technical capacity to hold the data required

using the new system?

➢ Does the compatible platform exist within our domain or can we procure it?

➢ Both at the development site and at server where we will be hiring the space for the

website, and also the database would it be possible to upgrade the system after it is

developed and implemented.

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2. Economic Feasibility:

Economic analysis is the most frequently used evaluating the effectiveness of

proposed system, more commonly known as benefit analysis. The benefit analysis is to

determine benefits and savings which are expected from candidate system and compare them

with cost. If the benefits are more than the cost, then decision is made to design and

implement the system. The cost and benefits may be direct or indirect.

In the economic feasibility we study the cost of software to be acquired to build

and run the product and the cost of hardware. Benefits in reduced cost, error and saving will

be made by reduction of present system expenses, time saving and increased accuracy. Future

cost reduction is in the form of reduction in the number of administrative staff needed and

manual records maintenance in organization. Rise in cost will be avoided.

3. Operational feasibility:

Operational feasibility is a measure of how people are able to work with system.

This type of feasibility demands if the system will work when developed and installed. Client

and user support for the system, as the traditional procedure used takes more time and effort

than the proposed. No major training new skills are required as it is based on RDBMS model.

It will help in time saving fast processing of user request. New product will provide all the

benefits of traditional system with better performance such as improved information, better

management collection of reports. Since the website is user friendly and simple so user will

find it comfortable to work on this site.

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6.2 System Overview:

6.2.1 Context Diagram:

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6.3 Requirement Elicitation

6.3.1 Use-Case Diagram

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6.3.2 User Requirements and Software Requirements

Admin Requirements

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User Requirements

• Software should provide Login facility.

• Software should provide Verification and Validation function.

Software Requirement

• Software shall provide entry level interface to Admin and User.

• Software shall provide a platform to Verify and Validate the user’s transactions.

User Requirement

• Should provide search operation (to search those who applied for flat). •

Should inform each applicant about his transaction

Software Requirement

• Software shall provide a platform to access each flat applicant’s details.

• Software shall provide acknowledgment for application.

User Requirement

• Should provide facility for view the flats.

• Should provide facility to purchase the flats.

Software Requirement

• Software shall provide a platform to maintain and generate the bill.

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• Software shall provide process to pay amount.

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7. System Implementation and Details of Hardware

and Software

7.1 Hardware Requirements

Processor : Intel i3 core

RAM : 1GB

System type : 64 bit O.S

Hard disk : 500GB

7.2 Software Requirements

• XAMPP

• VS code

• APACHE Server

• MYSQL Server

• Google Chrome (Browser)

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7.3 Details of Software Used

7.3.1 Front-end

INTRODUCTION TO HTML, CSS & JAVASCRIPT:

HTML:

The Hypertext Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed

to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets

(CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render

the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page

semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and

other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML

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<img /> and <input />

<p>
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provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text

such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are

delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as directly introduce content into

the page. Other tags such as surround and provide information about document text and may

include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags but use them to

interpret the content of the page.

HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, which affects

the behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of

content. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and

current maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit

presentational HTML since 1997. A <canvas form of HTML, known as HTML5, is used
>
to display video and audio, primarily using the element, in collaboration with

JavaScript.

Markup:

HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called tags (and their

attributes),character-based data types, character references and entity references. HTML

tags most commonly come in pairs like , <h1> and </h1> although some represent empty

elements and so are unpaired, for example .<img>

The first tag in such a pair is the start tag, and the

second is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags).

Elements:

HTML documents imply a structure of nested HTML elements. These are indicated in the

document by HTML tags, enclosed in angle brackets thus: <p .

>
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In the simple, general case, the extent of an element is indicated by a pair of tags: a "start

tag" <p and "end tag" </p> . The text content of the element, if any, is placed between these
>
tags.

Tags may also enclose further tag markup between the start and end, including a

mixture of tags and text. This indicates further (nested) elements, as children of the parent

element.

The start tag may also include element's attributes within the tag. These indicate other

information, such as identifiers for sections within the document, identifiers used to bind style
information to the presentation of the document, and for some tags such as the <img> used to

embed images, the reference to the image resource in the format like

this: <img
src="example.com/example.jpg">

Some elements, such as the line break <

dobrnot permit
> , or <br any
/> embedded content,

either text or further tags. These require only a single empty tag (akin to a start tag) and do not

use an end tag.

Many tags, particularly the closing end tag for the very commonly used paragraph element ,

are <p optional. An HTML browser or other agent can infer the closure for the end of an
>
element from the context and the structural rules defined by the HTML standard. These

rules are complex and not widely understood by most HTML coders.

Characteristics of HTML:

• Easy to understand: It is the most straightforward language you can say, very easy to

grasp this language and easy to develop.

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• Flexibility: This language is so much flexible that you can create whatever you want, a

flexible way to design web pages along with the text.

• Linkable: You can make linkable text like users can connect from one page to another

page or website through these characteristics.

• Limitless features: You can add videos, GIFs, pictures, or sound anything you want

that will make the website more attractive and understandable.

• Support: You can use this language to display the documents on any platform like

Windows, Linux, or Mac.

• Not a Programming Language: HTML is not a programming language as it is only

concerned with presenting the information on the web. It is not used to program any

logic but to give structure and semantically meaning to our website. Though we can

link JavaScript code to it which is a programming language.

• Language Support: HTML can support various other languages like JavaScript, Ruby,

PHP, Perl, and many more. You can also able to run embed python during the runtime.

Advantages of HTML:

• HTML is easy to learn, easy to apply and it’s totally free you will just need a text

editor and a browser.

• HTML is supported by all the browsers and it is the most friendly search engine.

• HTML can easily integrate with other languages and is easy to develop.

• It is the basic of all programming languages and the lightest language ever.

• In HTML, the display changes frequently depending on the window size or the device

size making it comfortable to read by the user.

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Disadvantages of HTML:

• HTML can be used to create only static Web-page, it cannot create dynamic webpage.

• There is a lack of security in HTML.

• Creating a simple Web-page required so many tags.

• HTML language is not centralised i.e., all the web pages that are connected, you have

to design them separately else need to use CSS.

• HTML becomes complex when you try to create a huge website.

HTML BASICS:

The basic HTML tags that divide the whole document into various parts like head, body, etc.

Every HTML document begins with a HTML document tag. Although this is not

mandatory, it is a good convention to start the document with this below-mentioned

tag.

• <html> : Every HTML code must be enclosed between basic HTML tags. It begins

with <html> and ends with </html> tag.

• <head>: The head tag comes next which contains all the header information of the

web page or documents like the title of the page and other miscellaneous information.

This information is enclosed within the head tag which opens with <head> and ends

with </head>. The contents will of this tag will be explained in the later sections of the

course.

• <title>: We can mention the title of a web page using the <title> tag. This is header

information and hence is mentioned within the header tags. The tag begins with <title>

and ends with </title>.

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• <body>: Next step is the most important of all the tags we have learned so far. The

body tag contains the actual body of the page which will be visible to all the users.

This opens with <body> and ends with </body>. All content enclosed within this tag

will be shown on the web page be it writings or images

or audio or videos or even links. We will see later in the section how using

various tags we may insert mentioned contents into our web pages.

HTML Headings:

These tags help us to give headings to the content of a webpage. These tags are mainly written

inside the body tag. HTML provides us with six heading tags from <h1> to <h6>. Every tag

displays the heading in a different style and font size.

Most HTML heading tag that we use :-

• Heading 1

• Heading 2

• Heading 3

HTML Headings

• HTML Paragraph: These tags help us to write paragraph statements on a webpage.

They start with the <p> tag and ends with </p>.

• HTML Break: – These tags are used for inserting a single line type break. It does not

have any closing tag. In HTML the break tag is written as <br>.

HTML Images:

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• The image tag is used to insert an image into our web page. The source of the image to

be inserted is put inside the <img src=”source_of_image“> tag.

• Image can be inserted in the image tag in two formats: –

• If the image is in the same folder, then we can just write the name of the image and the

format as the path.

• If the image is in another folder, then we do need to mention the path of the image and

the image name as well as the format of the image.

Supported Browsers:

Google Chrome 93.0 & above

Internet Explorer 11.0

Microsoft Edge 93.0

Firefox 92.0 & above

Opera 79.0

Safari 14.1

CSS:

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

• CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other

media

• CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once

• External stylesheets are stored in CSS files

Why Use CSS?

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CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the design, layout and variations in

display for different devices and screen sizes.

CSS Solved a Big Problem

• HTML was NEVER intended to contain tags for formatting a web page!

• HTML was created to describe the content of a web page, like:

• <h1>This is a heading</h1>

• <p>This is a paragraph. </p>

• When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification,

it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large websites, where fonts

and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive

process.

• To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.

• CSS removed the style formatting from the HTML page!

INTRODUCTION TO JAVASCRIPT:

• JavaScript is the world's most popular programming language.

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• JavaScript is the programming language of the Web.

• JavaScript is easy to learn.

• This tutorial will teach you JavaScript from basic to advanced.

WHAT JAVASCRIPT CAN DO?

• JavaScript Can Change HTML Content

• JavaScript Can Change HTML Attribute Values

• JavaScript Can Change HTML Styles (CSS)

• JavaScript Can Hide HTML Elements

• JavaScript Can Show HTML Elements

➢ JavaScript often abbreviated JS, is a programming language that is one of the core

technologies of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS.[11] As of 2022, 98%

of websites use JavaScript on the client side for web page behaviour, often

incorporating third-party libraries. All major web browsers have a

dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices.

➢ JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the

ECMAScript standard.[14] It has dynamic typing, prototype-based objectorientation,

and first-class functions. It is multi-paradigm, supporting eventdriven, functional, and

imperative programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for

working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the

Document Object Model (DOM).

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➢ The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as

networking, storage, or graphics facilities. In practice, the web browser or other

runtime system provides JavaScript APIs for I/O.

➢ JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but are now core

components of some servers and a variety of applications. The most popular runtime

system for this usage is Node.js.

➢ Although Java and JavaScript are similar in name, syntax, and respective standard

libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design.

7.3.2 Back-end:

XAMPP

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XAMPP helps a local host or server to test its website and clients via computers and laptops before

releasing it to the main server. It is a platform that furnishes a suitable environment to test and verify

the working of projects based on Apache, Perl, MySQL database, and PHP through the system of the

host itself. Among these technologies, Perl is a programming language used for web development,

PHP is a backend scripting language, and MariaDB is the most vividly used database developed by

MySQL. The detailed description of these components is given below.

MYSQL

What is SQL?

• SQL is the standard language for dealing with Relational Databases.

• SQL is used to insert, search, update, and delete database records.

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a

combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and "SQL", the

abbreviation for Structured Query Language. A relational database organizes data into one or

more data tables in which data may be related to each other; these relations help structure the

data. SQL is a language programmers use to create, modify and extract data from the

relational database, as well as control user access to the database. In addition to relational

databases and SQL, an RDBMS like MySQL works with an operating system to implement a

relational database in a computer's storage system, manages users, allows for network access

and facilitates testing database integrity and creation of backups.

MySQL is free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU General Public License,

and is also available under a variety of proprietary licenses. MySQL was owned and

sponsored by the Swedish company MySQL AB, which was bought by Sun

Microsystems (now Oracle Corporation). In 2010, when Oracle acquired Sun, Widenius

forked the open-source MySQL project to create MariaDB.[9]

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MySQL has stand-alone clients that allow users to interact directly with a MySQL database

using SQL, but more often, MySQL is used with other programs to implement applications

that need relational database capability. MySQL is a component of the LAMP web application

software stack (and others), which is an acronym for Linux, Apache, MySQL,

Perl/PHP/Python. MySQL is used by many database-driven web applications, including

Drupal, Joomla, phpBB, and WordPress.

Deployment of MYSQL

MySQL can be built and installed manually from source code, but it is more commonly

installed from a binary package unless special customizations are required. On most Linux

distributions, the package management system can download and install MySQL with

minimal effort, though further configuration is often required to adjust security and

optimization settings.

Apache Server:

It is an HTTP a cross-platform web server. It is used worldwide for delivering web content.

The server application has made free for installation and used for the community of

developers under the aegis of Apache Software Foundation. The remote server of Apache

delivers the requested files, images, and other documents to the user.

phpMyAdmin:

It is a tool used for dealing with MariaDB. Its version 4.0.4 is currently being used in

XAMPP. Administration of DBMS is its main role.

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PHP

It is the backend scripting language primarily used for web development. PHP allows users to

create dynamic websites and applications. It can be installed on every platform and supports a

variety of database management systems. It was implemented using C language. PHP stands

for Hypertext Processor. It is said to be derived from Personal Home Page tools, which

explains its simplicity and functionality.

What is PHP?

• PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"

• PHP is a widely-used, open-source scripting language

• PHP scripts are executed on the server

• PHP is free to download and use

What Can PHP Do?

• PHP can generate dynamic page content

• PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server

• PHP can collect form data

• PHP can send and receive cookies

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• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database

• PHP can be used to control user-access

• PHP can encrypt data

Why PHP?

• PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)

• PHP supports a wide range of databases

• PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

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Cross-Platform (XAMPP):

Different local systems have different configurations of operating systems installed in

it. The component of cross-platform has been included to increase the utility and

audience for this package of Apache distributions. It supports various platforms such

as packages of Windows, Linus, and MAC OS.

XAMPP Control Panel:

It is a panel that helps to operate and regulate upon other components of the XAMPP.

Version 3.2.1 is the most recent update. A detailed description of the control panel will be

done in the next section of the tutorial.

MariaDB:

Originally, MySQL DBMS was a part of XAMPP, but now it has been replaced by MariaDB.

It is one of the most widely used relational DBMS, developed by MySQL. It offers online

services of data storage, manipulation, retrieval, arrangement, and deletion.

CODING
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VISUAL STUDIO CODE:

Visual Studio Code, also commonly referred to as VS Code, is a source-code editor made by

Microsoft for Windows, Linux and macOS. Features include support for debugging, syntax

highlighting, intelligent code completion, snippets, code refactoring, and embedded Git. Users

can change the theme, keyboard shortcuts, preferences, and install extensions that add

additional functionality.

Visual Studio Code is a source-code editor that can be used with a variety of

programminglanguages,including Java, JavaScript, Go, Node.js, Python, C++ and Fortran. It

is based on the Electron framework, which is used to develop Node.js Web applications that

run on the Blink layout engine. Visual Studio Code employs the same editor component

(codenamed "Monaco") used in Azure DevOps (formerly called Visual Studio Online and

Visual Studio Team Services).

Out of the box, Visual Studio Code includes basic support for most common

programming languages. This basic support includes syntax highlighting, bracket matching,

code folding, and configurable snippets. Visual Studio Code also ships with IntelliSense for

JavaScript, TypeScript, JSON, CSS, and HTML, as well as debugging support for Node.js.

Support for additional languages can be provided by freely available extensions on the VS

Code Marketplace.

Instead of a project system, it allows users to open one or more directories, which can

then be saved in workspaces for future reuse. This allows it to operate as a languageagnostic

code editor for any language. It supports many programming languages and a set of features

that differs per language. Unwanted files and folders can be excluded from the project tree via

the settings. Many Visual Studio Code features are not exposed through menus or the user

interface but can be accessed via the command palette.

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Visual Studio Code can be extended via extensions, available through a central

repository. This includes additions to the editor and language support. A notable feature is the

ability to create extensions that add support for new languages, themes, debuggers, time travel

debuggers, perform static code analysis, and add code linters using the Language Server

Protocol.

Source control is a built-in feature of Visual Studio Code. It has a dedicated tab inside

of the menu bar where users can access version control settings and view changes made to the

current project. To use the feature, Visual Studio Code must be linked to any supported

version control system (Git, Apache Subversion, Perforce, etc.). This allows users to create

repositories as well as to make push and pull requests directly from the Visual Studio Code

program.

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8.Design and Implementation

8.1High-Level Diagram:

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8.2 Low-level Diagram

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8.3 Database Design

8.3.1 ER-Diagram

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8.3.2 Class Diagram

Buyer Farmer
Bid
Fid
Bname
Fname
Busername
Fusername
Bpassword
Fpassword

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Bhash Fhash
Femail
Bemail
Fmobile
Bmobile Faddress

Baddress

Product

Product

Fid

Pid
Pcat
Pinfo
Price
Pimage

8.3.3 Schema Diagram

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8.3.4 Table Structure [Description]:

Farmer

Buyer

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Product

Blog Data

Blog Feedback

Liked Data

MyCart

Review

Transaction

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8.4 Input and Output Screen:

Home Page

Login Page

Registration Page

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About Section

Welcome and Verification Page

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User Page

Product Upload Page

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Search Page

Digital Market

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Blog Page

8.5 Coding Example:

LOGIN

<?php session_start();

$user = dataFilter($_POST['uname']);

$pass = $_POST['pass'];

$category = dataFilter($_POST['category']);

require '../db.php'; if($category == 1)

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{

$sql = "SELECT * FROM farmer WHERE fusername='$user'";

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql); $num_rows

= mysqli_num_rows($result); if($num_rows == 0)

$_SESSION['message'] = "Invalid User Credentialss!";

header("location: error.php");

} else

$User = $result->fetch_assoc(); if

(password_verify($_POST['pass'], $User['fpassword']))

$_SESSION['id'] = $User['fid'];

$_SESSION['Hash'] = $User['fhash'];

$_SESSION['Password'] = $User['fpassword'];

$_SESSION['Email'] = $User['femail'];

$_SESSION['Name'] = $User['fname'];

$_SESSION['Username'] = $User['fusername'];

$_SESSION['Mobile'] = $User['fmobile'];

$_SESSION['Addr'] = $User['faddress'];

$_SESSION['Active'] = $User['factive'];

$_SESSION['picStatus'] = $User['picStatus'];

$_SESSION['picExt'] = $User['picExt'];

$_SESSION['logged_in'] = true;

$_SESSION['Category'] = 1; $_SESSION['Rating']

= 0; if($_SESSION['picStatus'] == 0)

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{

$_SESSION['picId'] = 0;

$_SESSION['picName'] = "profile0.png";

} else

$_SESSION['picId'] = $_SESSION['id'];

$_SESSION['picName'] =
"profile".$_SESSION['picId'].".".$_SESSION['picExt'];

} echo $_SESSION['Email']." ".

$_SESSION['Name']; header("location:

profile.php");

else { echo

mysqli_error($conn);

$_SESSION['message'] = "Invalid User Credentials!";

header("location: error.php");

} }

else

$sql = "SELECT * FROM buyer WHERE busername='$user'";

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql); $num_rows

= mysqli_num_rows($result); if($num_rows == 0)

$_SESSION['message'] = "Invalid User Credentialss!";

header("location: error.php");

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} else

$User = $result->fetch_assoc(); if

(password_verify($_POST['pass'], $User['bpassword']))

$_SESSION['id'] = $User['bid'];

$_SESSION['Hash'] = $User['bhash'];

$_SESSION['Password'] = $User['bpassword'];
$_SESSION['Email'] = $User['bemail'];

$_SESSION['Name'] = $User['bname'];

$_SESSION['Username'] = $User['busername'];

$_SESSION['Mobile'] = $User['bmobile'];

$_SESSION['Addr'] = $User['baddress'];

$_SESSION['Active'] = $User['bactive'];

$_SESSION['logged_in'] = true;

$_SESSION['Category'] = 0; echo

$_SESSION['Email']." ".$_SESSION['Name'];

header("location: profile.php");

} else { echo

mysqli_error($conn);

$_SESSION['message'] = "Invalid User Credentials!";

header("location: error.php");

} } function

dataFilter($data)

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$data = trim($data);

$data = stripslashes($data); $data

= htmlspecialchars($data); return

$data;

?>

DATABSE CONNECTION

<?php

$serverName = "localhost";

$userName = "root";

$password = "";

$dbName = "agroculture";

$conn = mysqli_connect($serverName, $userName, $password, $dbName);

if (!$conn) { die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());

?>

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9. Testing

Functional Test:

Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as

specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation.

Testing:

The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every

conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality

of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product. It is the process of

exercising software with the intent of ensuring the software system meets its requirements and

user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test.

Each test type addresses a specific testing requirements.

Types of Testing:

• Unit Testing

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• Integration Testing

• System Testing

• Acceptance Testing Unit Testing:

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is

functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches

and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the

application it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a

structural testing that relies on knowledge of its construction and invasive. Unit tests perform

basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or system

configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs

accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected

results.

Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of the

software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be conducted as

two distinct phases.

Test strategy and approach:

Fang will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail Test

objectives:

• All field entries must work properly.

• Page must be activated from the identified link.

• The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.

Features to be tested:

• Verify that the entries are of the correct format.

• No duplicate entries should be allowed.

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• All links should take the user to the correct page.

Test Result: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects

encountered.

Integration Testing:

Integration tests are designed test integrated software components to determine if they actually

run as one program. Testing is an event driven and is more concerned with the basic outcome

of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were

individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of

components is correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the

problems that arise from the combination of components, and user manuals.Functional testing

is centred on the following items:

Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions : identified functions must be exercised.

Output : identified classes of application output must be exercised.

Systems/Procedure: interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

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Organization and preparation of functional test is focused on requirements, key functions, or

special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify business process

flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for

testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective

value of current tests is determine.

Test Result: All the test case mentioned above passed successfully. No defects

encountered.

System Testing:

System testing ensure that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests a

configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is

configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process description

and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.

White Box Testing:

White box testing is a testing in which the software tester has knowledge of the inner

workings, structure and language of the software, or at least is purpose. It is used to test areas

cannot be reached from a black box level.

Black Box Testing:

Black box testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner working,

structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests,

must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements

document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in which the

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software under test is treated, as a black box. You cannot “see” into it. The test provides

inputs and responds to outputs without considering how the software works.

Test Result: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects

encountered

Acceptance Testing:

User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant

participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional

requirements.

Test Result: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects

encountered.

9.2 Validation Process:

Software Testing Validation

Validation refers to a set of activities that ensure that software that has been built is

traceable to the customer requirements. “Are we building the right product?”Confirmation by

examination and provisions of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a

specific intended use are fulfilled”.

There are several ways to accomplish validation, the most common being:

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Inspection:

Focused on meeting particular customer constraints. For example: an inspection of a machine

to see that it will fit in the desired space or an inspection of code modules to ensure their

compliances with maintenance demand.

Demonstration:

Having a customer or a representative use the product to ensure it meets some minimum

constraint (i.e, usability). Also can be used to perform some acceptance tests where the

product is running in the intended environment versus some test or development lab.

For example: Having pilots fly an aircraft before the customer sign off on the program.

Analysis:

Using some form of analysis to validate that the product will perform as needed when

demonstrating it is too costly, unsafe, or generally impractical. For example: using

interpolation of performance load based on the worst case that is feasible to generate, to

validate a need that is more stringent than this worst case. If it can be shown that there is no

scaling problem, this would be sufficient to validate the performance need.

Prior data:

When a component being used has been already validated for a previous project that had

similar or stricter constraints. For example: using a well-known encryption component to

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meet security needs when the components has been already validated for tougher security

requirements.

Early validation:

Leaving validation until the end of the project severely increases the risk of failure. Validation

activities early in the project can reduce that risk. Early validation activities reveal.

Clarifications:

Perhaps the most important purpose of early validation is to clarify the real meaning of

requirements. The obvious cases are where requirements are incomplete. However, the

riskiest requirements are subjective. These include phrases such as “readable” or “user”.

Drivers:

Some requirements are more critical to the customer than others. Some have largest cost or

design impact on the product. With early validation you can uncover the customer’s priorities

and relate them to the development impact to identify the serious drives.

Additions:

You can use early validation to discover and coordinate new requirements during the program.

An issue is that no spec is totally complete, and it is assumed that the designer has a

familiarity with the intended end user environment. Particularly in a new environment that the

designer is not familiar with, early validation of requirements can uncover missing

requirements. Another use is to coordinate derived requirements with the customer. In this

case, the need is often driven by the customer’s lack of knowledge with the customers. In this

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case, the need is often driven by the customer’s lack of knowledge with the technologies

being applied and their impact on the use of the product.

Hidden expectation:

Discussion with the customer can reveal unstated expectation or assumptions about the

design. One hint is extreme detail in requirements that may be surrogate for I want it to work

like the old or another system. Various approaches to early validation includes: very early

validation of requirements closely parallels good requirements elicitation and analysis.

Techniques for doing this include involving the user, site visits, or goal based use cases.
9.3 Test Cases and Reports:

Test Case: 1

Description: Admin has to login into login page.

Input: Correct Username and Password
Desired Output: Admin login into his window login page.
On Error: Enter correct password.
Remark: Ok.
Test Case: 2

Description: User should Login then after it opens the User Home Page.
Input: Correct Username and Password.
Desired output: User Home page opens.
Remark: Ok.

Test Case: 3
Input: All data that is inserted by user should
transfer to next page/form.
Desired Output: Transferred data should display in specified
labels in next page/form.
On Error: Page not found or navigation.
If fields kept blank: System gives the message that, whichever
field you left blank that blank field is
required.
Remark: Ok.

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Test case: 4
Input: All entered data should be converted into a
report format for user.
Desired Output: Detailed print out of goods information.
On Error: Required field validator error.
If fields kept blank: Some required field are kept blank, so
please entered those fields: message will
display.
Remark: Ok.

10. Conclusion, Limitation and

Future Implementation

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Conclusion:

Agroculture system is beneficial for fast processing and immediate result with high security.

And also helpful for minimizing human effort and cost efficient database. New features and

modules can be added into the system as per user requirement. The system is very

userfriendly.

After implementing the application it will contain the advantages were incomparable to the

present contemporary systems used by company. The most admirable feature founded was its

simplicity in terms of application to the user but its highly beneficial outputs can’t be ignored.

The users will be highly benefited after using the system.

It is hoped that this project will help the future developers to modify and implement the

system. After modifying some techniques of the programs, it will give us the best

performance as our requirements. The project will be very useful for the users Limitations:

• System need to maintain backup data.

• Only one person can manage the system.

• Internet is required.

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Future Implementation:

Nothing is perfect in this world so, we are also no exception. Although we have tried our best

to present the information effectively yet there can be further enhancement in the

application.However, there are many scopes to modify this software. As because due to

shortage of time, we here become unable to include many things. We are trying to cover all

their existing system for sales return records of the items but due to shortage of time we

become unable to include many things. Due to lake of time I here include none of them and a

future scope one can develop these returns which are so much essential. Only with a little

more doing it is possible to design the formats for those returns. Moreover, an on-line system

will be more helpful to the organization. . With almost the same data with only a little

modification an on- line system can be designed to fulfill their demands. All these can be

considered to be future scope for this project.

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11. ANNEXURE

11.1 Annexure-1: Acronyms and Abbreviations:

• DFD –Data Flow Diagram • E-R model – Entity Relationship Model

11.2 Annexure-2: Reference:

• Software engineering Book

• Software testing Book

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• DBMS Book

11.2.1 Bibliography:

• The complete reference – Black Book

• PHP & MySQL Novice to Ninja – by Kevin Yank.

• Complete reference to SQL • Software engineering by Ian Somerville

11.2.2 Websities:

➢ www.freestudentproject.com

➢ www.w3schools.com

➢ www.projectsgeek.com

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