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Crop (2) - Dox

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34 views3 pages

Crop (2) - Dox

Uploaded by

25ridhan123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What are Crops?

economy. It is the backbone of our country. 70% of the Indian population depends on agriculture for
food and money. It is the major occupation in the rural areas. The cultivation of crops depends
primarily on the weather and soil conditions.

Types of Crops

Kharif Crops

The crops which are grown in the monsoon season are known as Kharif crops. For eg., maize,
millet, and cotton.

The seeds are sown at the beginning of monsoon season and harvested at the end of the monsoon
season.

Such crops require a lot of water and hot weather for proper growth.

Rabi Crops

The name “Rabi” means “spring” – a word derived from Arabic.

The crops that are grown in the winter season and harvested in the spring are called Rabi crops.

Wheat, gram, and mustard are some of the Rabi crops.

Various agricultural practices are carried out to produce new crop varieties.

Such crops require a warm climate for the germination and maturation of seeds. They, however,
require a cold climate for their growth.

Zaid Crops

Such crops are grown between the Kharif and Rabi seasons, i.e., between March and June.

These crops mature early.

Cucumber, pumpkin, bitter gourd, and watermelon are zaid crops.

Factors Affecting Crop Production


The factors affecting the production of crops include:

Internal or Genetic Factors


The genetic makeup decides crop growth and production. Breeders incorporate maximum desirable
characters in the crops to obtain a new hybrid variety. The desirable characters include:

Early maturity

High yielding ability

Resistance to drought, flood, and salinity


Tolerance to insect and diseases

Resistance to lodging

The chemical composition of grains

Quality of grains and straw

These characters are transmitted from one generation to another.

External or Environmental Factors


The external factors include:

Climatic

Edaphic

Biotic

Socio-economic

Climatic Factors
The climatic factors that affect crop production include:

Precipitation

Temperature

Atmospheric Humidity

Solar radiation

Wind Velocity

Atmospheric Gases

Edaphic Factors
The growth of the plants depends upon the type of soil on which they are grown. These are known
as edaphic factors and include the following:

Soil Moisture

Soil Air

Soil Temperature

Soil Mineral Matter

Soil Organic Matter


Soil Organisms

Soil Reactions

Biotic Factors
Plants and animals are biotic factors that affect crop production. Even pests impact crop production,
often with negative implications.

Socio-economic Factors
The number of human resources available for cultivation.

The inclination of society towards cultivation.

Appropriate choice of crops.

Breeding varieties for increased yield or pest resistance by human inventions.

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