Scribd
Upload
56 views9 pages

Digital Logic Gates Summary

The document summarizes the basic types of digital logic gates including AND, OR, and NOT gates. It provides truth tables for these basic gates as well as NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR, buffer, and inverter gates. It also discusses how logic gates can be combined to build more complex logic circuits.

Uploaded by

hemantha dalugama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views9 pages

Digital Logic Gates Summary

The document summarizes the basic types of digital logic gates including AND, OR, and NOT gates. It provides truth tables for these basic gates as well as NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR, buffer, and inverter gates. It also discusses how logic gates can be combined to build more complex logic circuits.

Uploaded by

hemantha dalugama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Digital Logic Gates Summary

Digital Logic Gates Summary


There are three basic types of digital logic gates, the AND Gate, the OR Gate and the NOT Gate

We have also seen that digital logic gates have an opposite or complementary form of
itself in the form of the NAND Gate, the NOR Gate and the Buffer respectively, and
that any of these individual gates can be connected together to form more
complex Combinational Logic circuits.
We have also seen, that in digital electronics both the NAND gate and the NOR gate
can both be classed as “Universal” gates as they can be used to construct any other
gate type. In fact, any combinational circuit can be constructed using only two or three
input NAND or NOR gates. We also saw that NOT gates and Buffers are single input
devices that can also have a Tri-state High-impedance output which can be used to
control the flow of data onto a common data bus wire.
Digital Logic Gates can be made from discrete components such
as Resistors, Transistors and Diodes to form RTL (resistor-transistor logic)
or DTL (diode-transistor logic) circuits, but today’s modern digital 74xxx series
integrated circuits are manufactured using TTL (transistor-transistor logic) based on
NPN bipolar transistor technology or the much faster and low power CMOS based
MOSFET transistor logic used in the 74Cxxx, 74HCxxx, 74ACxxx and the 4000
series logic chips.
The eight most “standard” individual Digital Logic Gates are summarised below
along with their corresponding truth tables.

Standard Logic Gates

The Logic AND Gate

Symbol Truth Table

B A Q

0 0 0
0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

Boolean Expression Q = A.B Read as A AND B gives Q

The Logic OR Gate

Symbol Truth Table

B A Q

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

Boolean Expression Q = A + B Read as A OR B gives Q

Inverting Logic Gates


The Logic NAND Gate

Symbol Truth Table

B A Q

0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

Boolean Expression Q = A . B Read as A AND B gives NOT Q

The Logic NOR Gate

Symbol Truth Table

B A Q

0 0 1
0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0

Boolean Expression Q = A + B Read as A OR B gives NOT Q

Exclusive Logic Gates

The Logic Exclusive-OR Gate (Ex-OR)

Symbol Truth Table

B A Q

0 0 0

0 1 1
1 0 1

1 1 0

Read as A OR B but not BOTH gives Q


Boolean Expression Q = A ⊕ B
(odd)

The Logic Exclusive-NOR Gate (Ex-NOR)

Symbol Truth Table

B A Q

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

Boolean Expression Q = A ⊕ B Read if A AND B the SAME gives Q


(even)

Single Input Logic Gates

The Hex Buffer

Symbol Truth Table

A Q

0 0

1 1

Boolean Expression Q = A Read as A gives Q

The NOT gate (Inverter)

Symbol Truth Table

A Q

0 1
1 0

Read as inverse of
Boolean Expression Q = not A or A
A gives Q

The operation of the above Digital Logic Gates and their Boolean expressions can be
summarised into a single truth table as shown below. This truth table shows the
relationship between each output of the main digital logic gates for each possible
input combination.

Digital Logic Gate Truth Table Summary


The following logic gates truth table compares the logical functions of the 2-input
logic gates detailed above.

Inputs Truth Table Outputs For Each Gate

B A AND NAND OR NOR EX-OR EX-NOR

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

Truth Table Output for Single-input Gates

A NOT Buffer

0 1 0

1 0 1

Pull-up and Pull-down Resistors


One final point to remember, when connecting together digital logic gates to produce
logic circuits, any “unused” inputs to the gates must be connected directly to either a
logic level “1” or a logic level “0” by means of a suitable “Pull-up” or “Pull-down”
resistor ( for example 1kΩ resistor ) to produce a fixed logic signal. This will prevent
the unused input to the gate from “floating” about and producing false switching of
the gate and circuit.
As well as using pull-up or pull-down resistors to prevent unused logic gates from
floating about, spare inputs to gates and latches can also be connected together or
connected to left-over or spare gates within a single IC package as shown.

You might also like