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ASSIGNMENT

LEVEL - A
1. Show that the square of an odd integer is  1 (mod 8)

2. Show that the square of an integer is  0 or 1 (mod 3)

3. Show that the square of an integer is  0,1, – 1 (mod 5)

4. If an integer n is co-prime to 6 then show that n2 1 (mod 24)

5. Prove that n2 +1 is not divisible by 3 for any integer n

6. Given the pair of prime numbers p and p2 + 2, prove that p3 + 2 is also a prime number.

7. (a) Given that p, p + 10, and p + 14 are prime numbers,find p

(b) Given that p, 2p + 1, and 4p + 1 are prime numbers, find p.

2022
8. Find the last digit of the number 2023 2023 .

9. (i) Find the remainders when 250 and 4165 are divided by 7.
(ii) Find the remainder when 1373 + 143 is divided by 11.

10. What is the remainder of 1234567894 when it is divided by 8?

LEVEL - B
11. Prove that for any natural number n the expression A = 2903n – 803n – 464n + 261n is divisible by
1897

2021
12. Find the last two digits of the number 22062022 .

2023
13. Find the remainder when the number 20212022 is divided by 7.

20222021
14. Find the last digit of the number 2024 2023 .

15. The natural numbers x, y, and z satisfy the equation x2 +y2 = z2. Prove that at least one of them is
divisible by 3.
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Answer Key
6. 3 7. 3, 3 8. 3 9. 4, 6, 2 10. 1 12. 36
13. 1 14. 1

Video Solutions Links

1 https://youtu.be/eVAWCBF8ixw
2 https://youtu.be/ot75jo1KwSM
3 https://youtu.be/XO9MKpjoMUA
4 https://youtu.be/M3fMPP_0JgA
5 https://youtu.be/e_cgW7ovyws
6 https://youtu.be/CY17InjzLFM
7 https://youtu.be/tDaEuNDX184
8 https://youtu.be/dmG-gCLxU1I
9 https://youtu.be/u30AaqtxXQM
10 https://youtu.be/DHea8GyA5Qw
11 https://youtu.be/oqkW3TRwdkg
12 https://youtu.be/oh5FHgfhb_g
13 https://youtu.be/z77Jtvj8vx8
14 https://youtu.be/Dh3Y9GCYr34
15 https://youtu.be/AKkNZjA4xqw

Solutions
LEVEL - A
1. Show that the square of an odd integer is  1 (mod 8)
Sol. x  ± 1, ± 3 mod (8)
x2  1,9 mod 8
x2  1 mod 8

2. Show that the square of an integer is  0 or 1 (mod 3)

Sol. x  0, ± 1 mod (3)
x2  0,1 mod (3)

3. Show that the square of an integer is  0,1, – 1 (mod 5)

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Sol. x  0, ± 1, ± 2 mod(5)
x2  0,1,4 mod (5)
x2  0, ± 1 mod (5)

4. If an integer n is co-prime to 6 then show that n2 1 (mod 24)

Sol. n  ± 1, ± 5, ± 7, ± 11 mod (24)
n2  1,2,5,4,9,121 mod (24)
n2  1 mod (24)

5. Prove that n2 +1 is not divisible by 3 for any integer n

Sol. n  0, ± 1(mod3)
n2 + 1  1, 2 (mod 3)
Thus, we never get n2 + 1  0 (mod 3)

6. Given the pair of prime numbers p and p2 + 2, prove that p3 + 2 is also a prime number.
Sol. (i) If p = 2
p2 + 2=6 not prime
(ii) If p = 3
3,11,29 all prime
For p > 3, p can be 3k+1 or 3k+2
(iii) If p = 3k + 1
p2 + 2 = (3k + 1)2 + 2 = 9k2 + 6k + 3 = 3m not prime
(iv) If p = 3k + 2
p2 + 2 = (3k + 2)2 + 2 = 9k2 + 12k + 6 = 3m not prime
only for p=3, p2 + 2 & p3 + 2 are prime.

7. (a) Given that p, p + 10, and p + 14 are prime numbers,find p

(b) Given that p, 2p + 1, and 4p + 1 are prime numbers, find p.
Sol. (a) (i) If p = 2
P+10=12 not prime
(ii) If p = 3
P+10=13, p + 14 = 17 all prime
For p > 3, p can be 3k+1 or 3k+2
(iii) If p = 3k + 1
P+14= 3k+15 = 3m not prime
(iv) If p = 3k + 2
P+10= 3k+12 = 3m not prime
only for p=3, p+ 10 & p + 14 are prime.
(b) ) (i) If p = 2
2p + 1=5, 4p + 1=9 not prime
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(ii) If p = 3
2p + 1=7, 4p + 1=13all prime
For p > 3, p can be 3k+1 or 3k+2
(iii) If p = 3k + 1
2P+1= 6k+3 = 3m not prime
(iv) If p = 3k + 2
4P+1= 12k+9 = 3m not prime
only for p=3, 2p+ 1 & 4p + 1 are prime.

2022
8. Find the last digit of the number 2023 2023 .
Sol. The units digit of 3n has a cycle of length 4.
20232022 ≡ (-1)2022 ≡ 1(mod4)
34m + 1 ⇒ 31 ⇒ 3

9. (i) Find the remainders when 250 and 4165 are divided by 7.
(ii) Find the remainder when 1373 + 143 is divided by 11.
Sol. (i) 23  1 mod (7)
250 = (23)16 ×22  4 mod (7)
4165  (–1)65  6 mod (7)
(ii) We note that 13  2 (mod 11)
1373  273 (25)14 23  (-1)148 (mod 11)  8(mod 11)
Thus 13  8 (mod11)
73
..(1)
and 143 33 5 (mod 11) ..(2)
Adding the congruence’s (1) and (2), we get
1373 + 143  8 + 5  2 (mod11)
Hence 2 is the remainder when 1373 + 143 is divided by 11

10. What is the remainder of 1234567894 when it is divided by 8?

Sol. 12345789  5 mod (8)
(12345789)4  625  1 mod (8)

LEVEL - B
11. Prove that for any natural number n the expression A = 2903n – 803n – 464n + 261n is divisible by
1897
Sol Let n be a natural number. Note that 1897 = 7 × 271.
Consider the expression A = 2903n – 803n – 464n + 261n.
Now 2903  803 (mod 7) and 464  261 (mod 7).
Also 2903  464 (mod 271) and 803  261 (mod 271) .
Hence A is divisible by 7 as well as 271. Since (7,271) = 1,
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we get that A is divisible by 1897.

2021
12. Find the last two digits of the number 22062022 .
20222021
Sol. Last two digits of 6
6n has a cyclicity of 5
20222021 when divided by 5 gives a remainder
20222021 → 22021 → 2x41010 → 2
20222021 is of the form 5k + 2
Therefore, last two digits are 36.

2023
13. Find the remainder when the number 20212022 is divided by 7.
Sol. 2021 20222023
→5 20222023
→ (−2) 20222023
→ (2) 20222023
→ 8k
8k → 1

20222021
14. Find the last digit of the number 2024 2023 .
n
Sol. The units digit of 4 has a cycle of length 4.
2021
The remainder when 20232022 divided by 4 is:
→ (−1)2022 →1
2021 2021
20232022

15. The natural numbers x, y, and z satisfy the equation x2 +y2 = z2. Prove that at least one of them is
divisible by 3.
Sol. z2 – x2 = y2
(z–x) (z + x) = y2
If z & x of the type 3k + 1 or 3k + 2
then in all combinations (z–x) (z+x) is a multiple of 3. Therefore y contain 3