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Assignment 3

medicine

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31 views7 pages

Assignment 3

medicine

Uploaded by

Trisha Anne Wacas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOUTHERN ISABELA MEDICAL CENTER

Department of Family and Community Medicine


Rosario, Santiago City, Isabela

Name of Post-Graduate Intern: Dates of Rotation:


WACAS, TRISHA ANNE M. APRIL 1 to MAY 31, 2024

TOOLS USED TO SCREEN GENERALIZED ANXITY DISORDER IN THE DIFFERENT AGE


GROUP

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry about a


number of activities or events that are present more days than not for 6 months. The cause
is unknown, although it commonly coexists in people who have alcohol use disorder, major
depression, or panic disorder. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. Treatment includes
behavioral interventions, psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, or a combination.
*DSM 5 Criteria is used to diagnosed Generalized Anxiety Disorder in all group. This covers
the following:
A. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than
not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or
school performance).
B. B. The person finds it difficult to control the worry.
C. The anxiety and worry are associated with three or more of the following six
symptoms (with at least some symptoms present for more days than not for the past 6
months).
Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
Being easily fatigued
Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless unsatisfying sleep)
D. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., anxiety or
worry about having panic attacks in panic disorder, negative evaluation in social
anxiety disorder [social phobia], contamination or other obsessions in obsessive-
compulsive disorder, separation from attachment figures in separation anxiety
disorder, reminders of traumatic events in posttraumatic stress disorder, gaining
weight in anorexia nervosa, physical complaints in somatic symptom disorder,
perceived appearance flaws in body dysmorphic disorder, having a serious illness in
illness anxiety disorder, or the content of delusional beliefs in schizophrenia or
delusional disorder).
E. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or
impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
F. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a
drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism).
*PEDIATRIC DSM 5
Children with GAD may experience somatic symptoms such as shortness of breath,
rapid heartbeat, sweating, nausea or diarrhea, frequent urination, cold and clammy
hands, dry mouth, trouble swallowing, or a "lump in the throat." Problems with muscle
tension also can occur, including trembling, twitching, a shaky feeling, and muscle
soreness or aches. Patients often complain of stomachaches and headaches. Despite
these symptoms, few findings are noted on physical examination.
The specific DSM-5 criteria for generalized anxiety disorder are as follows: [1]
1. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than
not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or
school performance).
2. The individual finds it difficult to control the worry.
3. For children, the anxiety and worry are associated with one (or more) of the following
six symptoms (with at least some symptoms having been present for more days than
not for the past 6 months):
Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
Being easily fatigued
Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restlessness,
unsatisfying sleep)
4. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or
impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
5. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a
drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism).
6. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder.

*SCARED
The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) is a 41-item self-report
measure designed to assess anxiety disorders in children and young people aged 8–18
years over the past three months.
*State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children
Based on the same theory as the STAI, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC)
distinguishes between a general proneness to anxious behavior rooted in the personality and
anxiety as a fleeting emotional state. The STAIC S-Anxiety scale consists of twenty
statements that ask children how they feel at a particular moment in time. The STAIC T-
Anxiety scale also consists of 20 item statements, but subjects respond to these items by
indicating how they generally feel The instrument is designed to be used with upper
elementary or junior high school aged children. The STAIC is the definitive instrument for
measuring anxiety in children.
*Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)
The HAM-A was one of the first rating scales developed to measure the severity of anxiety
symptoms, and is still widely used today in both clinical and research settings. The scale
consists of 14 items, each defined by a series of symptoms, and measures both psychic
anxiety (mental agitation and psychological distress) and somatic anxiety (physical
complaints related to anxiety).
*The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children Second Edition™ (MASC 2™) is a
comprehensive multi-rater assessment of anxiety dimensions in children and adolescents
aged 8 to 19 years. It distinguishes between important anxiety symptoms and dimensions
that broadband measures do not capture.

*Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI): The GAI is a self-report questionnaire developed and
validated specifically to assess anxiety symptoms in individuals aged 55 years and older. It
consists of 20 items that measure various aspects of anxiety, including cognitive, affective,
and somatic symptoms.

*Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale for older adults (AMAS-E): The AMAS-E is a 44-item self-report
scale that assesses several aspects of anxiety including fear of aging. The AMAS-E is
designed to be used in adults 60 years and older.

*Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS): The GAS is a 30-item self-report screener designed
specifically for use in older adults. Of the 30 items, the first 25 assess experienced symptoms
of anxiety, and the remaining five items investigate specific content areas of anxiety often
reported by older adults (eg, health and financial concerns, fear of dying, etc.).
*GAD-7
GAD-7 scores may be used to assess anxiety symptoms and to differentiate between mild
and moderate GAD in adolescents, and may be more efficient than the PARS.

*Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS)


To describe the development and psychometric properties of the Pediatric Anxiety Rating
Scale (PARS), a clinician-rated instrument for assessing the severity of anxiety symptoms
associated with common DSM-IV anxiety disorders (social phobia, separation anxiety
disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder) in children. The PARS is a useful clinician-rated
instrument for assessing pediatric anxiety symptoms, severity, and impairment, particularly in
treatment studies. Further study of the psychometric properties is warranted.
References:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). (n.d.). Table 3.15, DSM-
IV to DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comparison - Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5
Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health - NCBI
Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t15/

Nilsson, S., Buchholz, M., & Thunberg, G. (2012). Assessing Children’s Anxiety Using the

Modified Short State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Talking Mats: A Pilot Study. Nursing

Research and Practice, 2012, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/932570

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3444045/

Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) Reference: Hamilton M.The assessment of anxiety
states by rating. Br J Med Psychol 1959; 32:50–55.

Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized
anxiety disorder. Arch Inern Med. 2006;166:1092-1097.

Segal, D. L., June, A., Payne, M., Coolidge, F. L., & Yochim, B. (2010). Development and
initial validation of a self-report assessment tool for anxiety among older adults: The Geriatric
Anxiety Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 709-714. Mueller, A. E., Segal, D. L., Gavett,
B., Marty, M. A., Yochim, B., June, A., & Coolidge, F. L. (in press). Geriatric Anxiety Scale:
Item response theory analysis, differential item functioning, and creation of 10-item short form
(GAS-10). International Psychogeriatrics

Checked by: Date:

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