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Class VII - Question Answers

The document discusses features of the Linux operating system including that it is portable, open source, supports multiple users and programs running simultaneously, has a hierarchical file system, and provides security features. It also describes the difference between the kernel and shell, defines what a process is, identifies the root directory, and explains the difference between logging off and shutting down.

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418 views3 pages

Class VII - Question Answers

The document discusses features of the Linux operating system including that it is portable, open source, supports multiple users and programs running simultaneously, has a hierarchical file system, and provides security features. It also describes the difference between the kernel and shell, defines what a process is, identifies the root directory, and explains the difference between logging off and shutting down.

Uploaded by

poojaukgoswami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS VII

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction to the Linux operating system


1. Explain any five important features of Linux.
Answer: Following are some of the important features of Linux Operating System.
1. Portable - Portability means software can work on different types of hardware in same way.
Linux kernel and application programs support their installation on any kind of hardware
platform.
2. Open Source - Linux source code is freely available and it is a community-based development
project. It can be changed and redistributed and is continuously evolving.
3. Multi-User- Linux is a multiuser system that means multiple users can access system resources
like memory/ RAM/ application programs at same time.
4. Multiprogramming - Linux is a multiprogramming system that means multiple applications can
run at same time.
5. Hierarchical File System- Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/ user files
are arranged.
6. Shell - Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of
the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs
etc.
7. Security - Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/
controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data.
2. How is the Kernel different from the Shell?
The kernel is the core of the Linux system which controls the system hardware and performs various
low-level functions. The Kernel refers to the operating system itself. However, kernel does not directly
deal with the user. Instead, it starts a separate program called Shell, which actually interacts with the
user and interprets the commands.

3. What is a Process?
Answer: Each task that the system is executing is called a process. A process is a program in execution.
A process terminates when its assigned task is over. All the processes are assigned a Unique
Identification Number by the kernel called process id (PID). This PID is used by the kernel to identify
each process. All the information about Processes is maintained by the kernel.
4. What is the first directory in the file system called and how is it represented?
Answer: The first directory in the file system is called the root directory. It is represented by “/”.

5. How is Log off different from Shut down?


Answer: Log off closes all programs, disconnects the computer from the network, and prepares the
computer to be used by someone else. When we log off, our session is ended, i.e. any programs you
were running and your desktop, etc. and you return to the welcome screen. The PC is still on,and there
are system-level applications and services running. When we shut down, everything stops running and
the PC is powered off.
Extra Question/ Answers

6. What is Linux?
Linux operating system has been developed under the model of Free and Open Source Software
(FOSS) development and distribution. This means anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study,
and change the software in any way.
7. What are the different functions of Kernel?
• Core of the Linux system
• Interacts directly with the hardware
• Insulates other parts of Linux from hardware
• Performs all low-level functions
• All programs and applications interact with the kernel .
8. Name the components of Linux operating system with diagram.
Answer:

9. Name some popular distributions.


Answer: Some popular Linux distributions include:
➢ Debian (and its derivatives such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint)
➢ Fedora (and its derivatives such as the commercial Red Hat Enterprise Linux)
10. Differentiate between GUI and CLI
Answer:
GUI CLI
GUI stands for graphical user interface. CLI stands for Command Line Interface
It is a user interface which user interact In CLI user has to interact with the
with applications by making use of graphics. applications by making use of commands.
In GUI more than one task can run In CLI only one task can run at a time.
simultaneously.
It is a very user-friendly interface. User should have good knowledge of
Example (Windows, Linux). Even a beginner commands.
can handle easily. Example: MS-DOS
Requires more memory as it contains a lot Does not require more memory
of graphical components
There are customizable options to change It is not possible to change the appearance
the appearance.
Navigating through different icons makes CLI offers better speed as commands are
the GUI slow. directly given to the computer.
11. Explain the directory structure of Linux.
Answer:
• Directories are special files containing names of other files and / or sub directories.
• Home Directory is the directory in which a user logs in.
• Current directory is the directory from which the user is currently issuing commands.
• At log in time, by default the current and the home directory are the same.
• User cannot change the location of home directory.
12. Explain the different ways to exit from Linux.
a) LOCKSCREEN
When we have to take a break from work but do not want to end our current session, locking
our computer screen is the way out. This option will lock the screen and no other user can use
the account without entering the password.
b) SUSPEND
To save energy, we can put our computer into suspend mode, which will save its current
condition to internal memory, power of all devices, and allow us to start back up more quickly.
While in a suspended state, the computer will use just a trickle of energy; this is required
because the session is saved to internal memory, and if no power goes to internal memory, the
data will be lost.

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