Pile of books

Input file: standard input

Output file: standard output
Time limit: 0.5 seconds
Memory limit: 64 megabytes

Davide purchased N books in preparation for the new academic year. He carefully placed them on a table
in his study room.
After a few minutes, he noticed that the books were arranged in ascending order, with the smallest book
at the bottom and the largest book at the top.
Realizing this, Davide decided that he preferred the books to be in a different order.
He wants to reverse their position, so the largest book is at the bottom and the smallest book is at the
top.
Davide can perform the following operation a maximum of T (10000) times: he can remove K books from
the top of pile A and place them, in the same order, on top of pile B (0 ≤ A, B ≤ 109 ) (he may choose
to utilize a new empty pile, if desired).
The cost of the operation will be 1 if the movement of books results in pile A having less books than pile
B prior to the movement, and 0 otherwise.
Help Davide to reverse the order of the books while minimizing the total cost.

Input
The first line contains the only integer N (1 ≤ N ≤ 1000), the number of books.
Your program will be tested against several test cases grouped in subtasks. The score in each subtask
will be calculated as the minimum score obtained in any of its test cases, multiplied by the value of the
subtask.
The score of a test case is 0 if the answer is wrong or invalid, otherwise let C be the total cost of the
operations performed by your program. It can be proved that with the given constraints the minimal cost
is at least 1, and a solution always exists with at most T operations. Your score will be calculated based
on the following formula:
score =
log2 (C) − 1
min(1 − , 1)
log2 (T ) − 1
.

Output
For each operation, output a line containing three integers K, A and B.

Page 1 of 3
Examples
standard input standard output
3 1 0 1
1 0 2
1 0 3
1 1 0
1 2 0
1 3 0
4 1 0 1
1 0 1
1 0 2
1 0 2
2 2 1

Note
In the first sample case initially there are 3 books on pile 0.

Analyses 1

Physics 1
Electrical engineering

We perform the following operations:

• Move 1 book from pile 0 to pile 1 with cost 0.

Physics 1
Electrical engineering Analyses 1

• Move 1 book from pile 0 to pile 2 with cost 0.

Electrical engineering Analyses 1 Physics 1

• Move 1 book from pile 0 to pile 3 with cost 0.

Analyses 1 Physics 1 Electrical engineering

• Move 1 book from pile 1 to pile 0 with cost 0.

Analyses 1 Physics 1 Electrical engineering

• Move 1 book from pile 2 to pile 0 with cost 1.

Physics 1
Analyses 1 Electrical engineering

• Move 1 book from pile 3 to pile 0 with cost 1.

Page 2 of 3
 Electrical engineering

Physics 1
Analyses 1

Finally, we have 3 books on pile 0 in the correct order, with a total cost of 2.
Note that for 3 books there exists a solution with cost 1, too, however according to the scoring formula,
the solution with cost 2 gets a full score as well.

In the second sample case initially there are 4 books on pile 0.

Business Economics

Analyses 1

Physics 1
Electrical engineering

We perform the following operations:

• Move 1 book from pile 0 to pile 1 with cost 0.

Analyses 1

Physics 1
Electrical engineering Business Economics

• Move 1 book from pile 0 to pile 1 with cost 0.

Physics 1 Analyses 1
Electrical engineering Business Economics

• Move 1 book from pile 0 to pile 2 with cost 0.

Analyses 1
Electrical engineering Business Economics Physics 1

• Move 1 book from pile 0 to pile 2 with cost 1.

Analyses 1 Electrical engineering

Business Economics Physics 1

• Move 2 books from pile 2 to pile 1 with cost 1.

Electrical engineering

Physics 1
Analyses 1

Business Economics

Finally, we have 4 books on pile 1 in the correct order, with a total cost of 2.

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